32:
210:(which apply retroactively), tautonyms are explicitly prohibited. The reason for prohibiting tautonyms is not explained in current or historical botanical nomenclatural codes, but it appears to have resulted from concerns over a century ago that identical taxon names could result in confusion where those names share identical spelling and identical capitalization.
294:
In April 2023, a proposal was made to permit tautonyms in botanical nomenclature on a non-retroactive basis, noting that tautonyms have been allowed in zoological and bacteriological codes for decades without incident, and that allowing tautonyms would simplify botany's nomenclatural code while
148:
Tautonyms can be formed when animals are given scientific names for the first time, or when they are reclassified and given new scientific names. An example of the former is the hidden mirror skipper of Brazil with the scientific name
165:
until 2022 when it was reclassified in light of a more recent review of the animal's dental attributes. Animals with tautonymous names can also be reclassified so that they no longer have tautonymous names, as was the case with
536:"Proposals to require initial lowercase letters for specific and infraspecific epithets, to permit tautonyms non-retroactively, and to use consistent language in Articles 20.1 and 23.2"
108:
129:
for examples). In past editions of the zoological code, the term tautonym was used, but it has now been replaced by the more inclusive "tautonymous names"; these include
198:. Tautonyms are prohibited by the codes of nomenclature for botany and for cultivated plants, but they are not prohibited by the code of nomenclature for viruses.
194:
Regarding other living organisms, tautonyms were prohibited in bacteriological nomenclature from 1947 until 1975, but they are now permitted for all bacteria and
172:
420:
409:
151:
118:
458:
155:, which comes from a Latin word for "mirror" in reference to the shiny, mirror-like coloring on its wings. An example of the latter is
161:, an extinct kangaroo from the late Pleistocene epoch found in Papua New Guinea's Nombe Rockshelter that was classified as
241:
cannot exist as a formal name. In such a case either the next earliest validly published name must be found, in this case
222:
348:
237:
in 1880. His proposed name created a tautonym. Under rules first established in 1906, which are applied retroactively,
75:
53:
46:
589:
319:
574:
599:
40:
373:
Austin, George T. (2008). "Hesperiidae of
Rondonia, Brazil: A New Genus and Species of Pyrginae".
256:
135:
102:. The first part of the name is the name of the genus and the second part is referred to as the
295:
eliminating certain naming problems and preserving the epithets originally assigned to species.
125:
Tautonymy (i.e., the usage of tautonymous names) is permissible in zoological nomenclature (see
594:
207:
57:
489:
Kirkbride, J.H.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2006), "(1753) Proposal to conserve the name
309:
450:
8:
179:
For animals, a tautonym implicitly (though not always) indicates that the species is the
514:
213:
One example of a former botanical tautonym is 'Larix larix'. The earliest name for the
344:
304:
287:
183:
of its genus. This can also be indicated by a species name with the specific epithet
141:
126:
547:
506:
16:
Scientific name of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling
250:
However, it is allowed for both parts of the name of a species to mean the same (
93:
455:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code)
214:
130:
583:
314:
266:
243:
98:
96:
of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling, such as
20:
291:, have been contentious, but are in accord with the Code of Nomenclature.
180:
488:
277:
Instances that repeat the genus name with a slight modification, such as
157:
518:
195:
552:
535:
510:
261:
247:
Mill. (1768), or (in its absence) a new epithet must be published.
191:, although more commonly the type species is designated another way.
251:
282:
271:
109:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
233:
227:
254:), without being identical in spelling. For instance,
281:(Greek and Latinized Greek, a rejected name for the
225:did not agree with the placement of the species in
581:
19:For the more general linguistics concept, see
575:Chapter 4, Art. 18 and Chapter 6, Art. 23.3.7
571:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
119:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
459:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
551:
201:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
264:twice, in Greek and Latin respectively;
39:This article includes a list of general
533:
338:
270:uses the Latin and Serbian terms for a
582:
375:Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
372:
332:
25:
223:Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten
13:
534:Stephan, Michael J. (April 2023).
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
611:
564:
320:List of tautological place names
30:
527:
482:
473:
443:
434:
425:
414:
403:
394:
385:
366:
357:
1:
325:
339:Stephan, Michael J. (2023).
7:
298:
10:
616:
479:Stephan 2023, pp. 208–215.
421:ICZN. Chapter 15 Art. 68.2
410:ICZN. Chapter 15 Art. 68.1
231:and decided to move it to
18:
440:Stephan 2023, p. 208–210.
279:Lycopersicon lycopersicum
206:In the current rules for
343:. BookBaby. p. 11.
590:Biological nomenclature
523:(subscription required)
257:Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
136:Gorilla gorilla gorilla
133:for subspecies such as
60:more precise citations.
208:botanical nomenclature
202:Botanical nomenclature
431:Stephan 2023, p. 209.
363:Stephan 2023, p. 149.
310:Binomial nomenclature
173:Calligrapha polyspila
400:Stephan 2023, p. 12.
391:Stephan 2023, p. 36.
168:Polyspila polyspila
600:Taxonomy (biology)
553:10.1002/tax.12902
305:List of tautonyms
288:Ziziphus zizyphus
163:Protemnodon nombe
152:Speculum speculum
142:Bison bison bison
127:List of tautonyms
86:
85:
78:
607:
558:
557:
555:
531:
525:
524:
521:
511:10.2307/25065716
505:(4): 1049–1050,
486:
480:
477:
471:
470:
468:
466:
447:
441:
438:
432:
429:
423:
418:
412:
407:
401:
398:
392:
389:
383:
382:
370:
364:
361:
355:
354:
336:
104:specific epithet
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
615:
614:
610:
609:
608:
606:
605:
604:
580:
579:
567:
562:
561:
532:
528:
522:
497:(Rhamnaceae)",
491:Ziziphus jujuba
487:
483:
478:
474:
464:
462:
449:
448:
444:
439:
435:
430:
426:
419:
415:
408:
404:
399:
395:
390:
386:
371:
367:
362:
358:
351:
337:
333:
328:
301:
204:
131:trinomial names
94:scientific name
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:Please help to
51:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
613:
603:
602:
597:
592:
578:
577:
566:
565:External links
563:
560:
559:
546:(2): 446–447.
526:
481:
472:
451:"Article 23.4"
442:
433:
424:
413:
402:
393:
384:
365:
356:
350:979-8350910759
349:
330:
329:
327:
324:
323:
322:
317:
312:
307:
300:
297:
221:L. (1753) but
215:European larch
203:
200:
84:
83:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
612:
601:
598:
596:
595:Reduplication
593:
591:
588:
587:
585:
576:
572:
569:
568:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
530:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
485:
476:
460:
456:
452:
446:
437:
428:
422:
417:
411:
406:
397:
388:
380:
376:
369:
360:
352:
346:
342:
335:
331:
321:
318:
316:
315:Reduplication
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
296:
292:
290:
289:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
268:
267:Picea omorika
263:
259:
258:
253:
248:
246:
245:
244:Larix decidua
240:
236:
235:
230:
229:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
199:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
174:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
153:
146:
144:
143:
138:
137:
132:
128:
123:
121:
120:
115:
114:specific name
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
99:Rattus rattus
95:
91:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
21:Reduplication
570:
543:
539:
529:
502:
498:
494:
490:
484:
475:
463:. Retrieved
454:
445:
436:
427:
416:
405:
396:
387:
378:
374:
368:
359:
340:
334:
293:
286:
278:
276:
265:
255:
249:
242:
238:
232:
226:
218:
212:
205:
193:
188:
184:
181:type species
178:
171:
167:
162:
156:
150:
147:
140:
134:
124:
117:
113:
107:
103:
97:
89:
87:
72:
63:
44:
495:Z. zizyphus
381:(1): 36–39.
239:Larix larix
219:Pinus larix
196:prokaryotes
158:Nombe nombe
58:introducing
584:Categories
465:28 January
326:References
41:references
341:Tautonyms
262:bearberry
66:June 2013
519:25065716
493:against
299:See also
252:pleonasm
112:and the
90:tautonym
189:typicus
116:in the
106:in the
54:improve
517:
461:. 2012
347:
285:) and
283:tomato
272:spruce
260:means
176:).
43:, but
540:Taxon
515:JSTOR
499:Taxon
234:Larix
228:Pinus
185:typus
170:(now
92:is a
467:2013
345:ISBN
139:and
548:doi
507:doi
217:is
187:or
586::
573:,
544:72
542:.
538:.
513:,
503:55
501:,
457:.
453:.
379:62
377:.
274:.
145:.
122:.
88:A
556:.
550::
509::
469:.
353:.
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.