152:
69:
448:
484:. Also in the post-war period an automated casting machine was installed in 1948, two new blast furnaces activated in 1958 and 1961, and a mill for steel rod and wire production was commissioned in 1964. The sixth blast furnace began operation in 1967, and a second oxy-steel plant in 1968. In 1969 a block mill capable of handling 45-tonne blocks, and another hot strip mill with a capacity of over 3.5 million tonnes a year were opened.
543:. The dismantling work was carried out by a Chinese contractor which was found to be paying its 120 Chinese workers less than the Dutch minimum wage, with poor safety conditions, with 14 accidents resulting in 2 fatalities due to falls from height. The Chinese contractor was fined for breaches of safety practice, and made to improve working conditions, as well as retrospectively paying its workers 15,000 guilders.
415:) at the IJmuiden site in the late 1930s; a plate mill began production in 1938, followed by a strip and profile mill in 1939. As built it was outdated, using second-hand equipment. The mill was built to supply the Van Leer company's own steel needs, and not as an independent commercial concern. In 1941, under the Nazi occupation during World War II, Van Leer's Jewish owner
392:(Open Hearth) process was begun. The first 60-ton capacity open hearth furnace opened 19 March 1939, additional furnaces were added during the 1940s and early 1950s, and the capacity of the furnaces increased - by 1956 the plant had six furnaces, each of 190-ton capacity. Construction of the plant's first rolling mill (
712:
for over £500 million; Corus's
British division was making a loss at this time and the sale was seen by Dutch interests as being used to prop up the loss-making British interests with no backward investment in the European mainland side of the business. The board of Corus Netherlands vetoed the sale.
479:
During the 1950s and 1960 the facilities were extended; the plants first oxy-steel converted was put into operation in 1958, a second cold rolling line was added in 1961, electrolytic galvanising machines were added in 1958, 1962, and 1967, and hot rolling capacity had increased to 1.6 million tonnes
330:
By 1924 the first blast furnace, casting hall, coke plant, and an electricity generating plant powered by waste gases from the coke ovens and blast furnaces were ready, and the second of two blast furnaces, begun in 1919, became operational in 1926. Both blast furnaces were constructed to a design by
520:
After the demerger from Hoesch the company required restructuring and investment: the company was producing too much raw steel with not enough semi-finished product manufacturing capacity. This led to the installation of a continuous casting, hot rolling, and steel coating lines of the next decade.
487:
Labour relations at the plant were usually good; during the first two decades of the enterprise's existence the organisational structure was relatively simple, with limited hierarchies, and there were limited attempts at a benevolent social policy by the plant's management. Psychological testing of
592:
Because
British Steel had been the significantly larger of the two companies in both workforce and market capitalisation, some observers characterised the merger as being more akin to a takeover of Hoogovens by British Steel. Analysts noted that expanding its market share in Europe by means of the
492:
was slowly introduced after 1938. In the post-war period foreign workers from Italy, Spain, Turkey, Yugoslavia and
Morocco began to be employed at the plant, and in the 1960s the practice of housing foreign workers in floating hotels was begun. Post-war there was no major industrial action until
577:
and
Hoogovens announced that they intended to merge, which would make the combined company—provisionally named BSKH—the world's third-largest steel producer with an aggregate worldwide turnover of approximately €15.127 billion. Upon completion, Hoogovens shareholders would own 38.3% of the new
564:
In 1998 Hoogovens employed around 23,000 people, and produced approximately 8 million tonnes of steel (and 450,000 tonnes of aluminium) per year, with sales of over $ 10 billion. The company's main products were rolled steel, including tinplate (thin gauge steel), coated steels, and aluminium
243:
In 1914 H.J.E. Wenckebach and J.C Ankersmit began planning the construction of a steelworks in the
Netherlands, in 1916 Ankersmit departed for the USA, leaving Wenckebach to continue the work, and on 19 April 1917 Wenckebach presented his plans which included the establishment of three
512:
of
Germany as the other partner, which merged its Dortmund steel plant into the concern. IJmuiden, with good access to seaborn raw materials, was to act primarily as a raw steel supplier to the plant in Germany, which was closer to a large market for finished steel products. The
455:
After the end of World War II reconstruction of the
Netherlands began, and as part of this process investments were made in the steelworks. A separate company, Breedband NV, was established on 19 June 1950, receiving funding from both the state and the United States, under the
657:) the down turn led to significant job losses – 800 persons in 2009, and up to 2014 a further 1000 jobs. In the 2014/2015 financial year the IJmuiden site made a profit of c. €340million, resulting a 9.19% bonus to the workforce, then numbering c. 8000 to 9000 persons.
256:(Committee for establishing blast furnaces and steel rolling mill in the Netherlands) was set up, with the aim of creating steel works and rolling mills. The plan received support from the large industrial concerns and capitalists of the Netherlands, including
3258:"Les Centres sidérurgiques des rivages de la mer du Nord et leur influence sur l'organisation de l'espace: Brême, IJmuiden, Gand, Dunkerque : recherches sur l'expression et sur la signification géographiques de l'activité industrielle"
434:
had acquired 40% of the company from the shareholdings of the state and city of
Amsterdam. The directors of the company Housz and Holtrop went into hiding in 1943. The mouth of the North Sea canal at IJmuiden was used as a base for the
310:
One of the motivations for the creation of a steelworks was to end the country's reliance on imported steel. Since the country's resources of coal and iron ore were limited, a site suitable for import and export by sea was chosen, and
753:
were established at the IJmuiden site in 1928 and 1930, manufacturing fertiliser, and cement respectively, using steel production by products. CEMIJ was sold off in 1989. A shareholding in coal tar distillation plant Cindu
368:
which was to manufacturer fertiliser using chemicals derived from coke oven gas. A second subsidiary was founded in 1930, an on-site cement factory established as a joint venture between KNHS and the Dutch concrete company
2456:
680:
in the north east of the
Netherlands; the enterprised was backed by the state which guaranteed a long term supply of energy a low price: a large natural gas discovery had been made in the region. Mining company
521:
The Dutch state supported the process with a loan of 570 million guilders. The workforce was reduced by 3,000 (14%) over 4 years from 1982, with the company becoming profitable again in 1984. The subsidiary
1822:
1208:
1912:
2238:
2842:
2539:
1763:
371:
2747:
2177:
2648:
2080:
2046:
2883:
700:'s European business was acquired; the acquisition made KNHS a major aluminium producer: by 1996 it had an aluminium smelting capacity of well over 10 million tonnes per annum.
589:; this was granted in mid-July of the same year, and on 6 October 1999 the merger was completed. The new name for the joint company, Corus, had been announced the month before.
3212:
181:, Netherlands was built between 1920 and 1940, first producing iron, later steel, with hot and cold rolling producing flat products. In the 1960s the company diversified into
2780:
2622:
2448:
837:
2324:
1762:, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development : DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY : STEEL COMMITTEE, 14 October 1997, p. 38,
532:
was put into operation in May 1980. In 1990 a production line for producing paint coated steel rolls was started. The third blast furnace was decommissioned in 1991.
517:
of the 1970s prevented any positive expansion and the company was disbanded in 1982 when funding arrangements for the loss-making
Dortmund plant could not be agreed.
1890:
304:
1497:
377:
2816:
3506:
2960:
1216:
627:
Plans for the construction of an (€223 million) additional hot dip galvanising line and cold rolling mill were made in 2005, for an expected completion in 2008.
1605:
2353:
1814:
873:
3203:
3196:
840:(FFM) was also acquired, and renamed 'Myriad'. Governmental financing for rescue investment in UGB La Louvière could not be agreed and the plant was sold to
3501:
776:
3491:
1918:
848:
3511:
2230:
864:
818:
408:
764:, was acquired in 1927; the plant used tar produced as a by-product of coke production. In 2010 Cindu Chemicals BV was sold to Koppers Holding Inc. (
2834:
608:, with a capacity of 400,000 tonnes per year of zinc coated coil began operation; it was the second to be produced as part of a joint venture with
3163:
2739:
2262:
661:
2551:
2480:
2640:
2188:
783:). In 2011 a €3million investment was made into the factory improving facilities for manufacturing tube steel for car chassis construction.
3516:
1757:
833:
803:
397:
388:
was chosen to supply the plant's design. A pipe foundry was opened in 1936, and in 1938 construction of a steel conversion plant using the
281:
21:
1563:, "Blast Furnace 6 officially lit, 28 November 1967"; "Oxy steel factory 2 put into use, 5 Oct 1968"; ""Block Mill 3 and Hot Strip Mill 2"
3496:
1914:
J.F. van Duyne, voorzitter van de Raad van Bestuur van Koninklijke Hoogovens : Een diepe en felle dip, maar absoluut geen dieptepunt
419:
was forced to flee the country, and the mill was acquired by KNHS, and integrated into the rest of the IJmuiden site: it became known as
384:
During the 1930s the plant was further developed, turning from raw iron production to steel production using open hearth furnaces; again
2068:
204:
steel company. The aluminium production assets were sold off during the Corus period. In 2007, Corus Group was purchased by India-based
2610:
in order to increase sales of coal tar, Hoogovens acquired an interest in NV Teerbedrijf Uithoorn (Uithoorn Tar Company) (Tebu) in 1927
2038:
460:. The project introduced hot and cold rolling mills for thin plate, of 60 and 75 thousand tonnes per year capacity respectively, and a
646:
In 2008 due to lack of demand the Corus steel group cut production by 20%; in IJmuiden one blast furnace was taken out of production.
357:
from the blast furnace to make building products, but the enterprise ceased in 1927. A third blast furnace started operation in 1930.
3223:
2889:
1353:
2772:
439:, and the steelworks itself was a strategic target for attack, and bombings and lack of raw materials brought production to a halt.
660:
In 2021, Tata Steel Europe ceased to exists after it was split into a British and a Dutch branch. Tata Steel Netherlands (TSN) and
2316:
1802:
795:
750:
740:
693:
522:
2285:
2760:
Corus Staal BV, a fifty percent owner of Segal SA, has agreed to purchase the remaining shares in the Belgian galvanizing line
2102:
1018:
868:
732:, a large commodity trader. This ended the businesses' association with aluminium, leaving it primarily as a steel producer.
708:
Divisions in the board of Corus arose in 2002 when the company announced it was to sell its profitable aluminium business to
2156:
565:
extrusions. Production was distributed 20% in the Dutch market, 60% in the rest of Europe and 20% to the rest of the world.
404:
steel plant. After the war the mill was returned to the Netherlands and remained in operation until decommissioned in 1992.
3404:
277:
2987:
2972:
1870:
1404:
3465:
1489:
2926:
2689:
2212:
327:, outside its sea locks, and two harbours were built - the inner harbour opened in 1920, and the outer harbour in 1923.
2516:
877:(Steam Corus IJmuiden) operates steam trains on the rail network of the CIJmuiden and has workshop facilities on site.
2496:
3269:
3175:
3153:
3112:
2603:
2433:
1655:
1597:
1474:
1461:"1947/51 Administrative offices of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken (Royal Dutch Steel Works)"
488:
potential workers was gradually introduced, first for skilled workers, and after World War II for unskilled workers.
2345:
1545:
1155:, Kooksfabriek 1 1924; Hoogoven 1 1924 - 1972 Hoogoven 2 1926 - 1972; Giethal 1924 - 1948; Centrale 1 1924
2942:
284:. Additionally, the Dutch state and the city of Amsterdam contributed 7.5 million and 5 million of the 30 million
3095:"6. A 'Dutch Miracle' in steel policy? Laissez-faire intervention, wage restraint and the evolution of Hoogovens"
967:. The proposal was blocked by the Rotterdam council, having received opposition from the public and green groups.
780:
650:
3023:
1316:
1293:
1188:
1148:
1120:
3084:
2718:
3007:
1442:
3454:
863:, English: Hoogovens industrial heritage foundation) is dedicated to the history of the plant, and runs the
401:
349:), and cleaned coke oven gas was used in the site's power plant and in nearby municipalities. A brickworks (
2270:
756:
500:
In 1972 the first two blast furnaces were decommissioned. In the same year (1972) the IJmuiden steelworks (
345:
624:, USA entered bankruptcy in 2001 having been closed due to poor demand after only 4 months in production.
396:) was begun in the late 1930s. During the World War II occupation the mill was confiscated and shipped to
3400:
2817:"The European Commission authorises the acquisition by the Hoogovens Group of 50% of Usines Gustave Boël"
1449:, (SIEHO), De ruwijzergietmachine; Hoogoven 4 1958; Hoogoven 5 1961; Staaf en Draad Walserij 1964 - 2000]
892:
886:
582:
476:
project moved Hoogoven's emphasis into flat rather than long products, which continued in later decades.
3346:
1974:
3486:
3181:
743:, an earlier Dutch steel producer became a KNHS subsidiary in 1964, the company was shut down in 1984.
2864:
1790:
1778:
3126:
Is Polder-Type Governance Good For You? Laissez-Faire Intervention, Wage Restraint, And Dutch Steel
2547:
2488:
772:
300:
3442:
3311:
2001:
464:
line. All three installations were operating by the end of 1953. During the same period architect
174:. was a Dutch steel producer founded in 1918. Since 2010, the plant is named Tata Steel IJmuiden.
3370:
621:
676:
In 1964 a joint venture with Hoogovens as major (50%) partner established an aluminium company
540:
3242:
1460:
3133:
3094:
811:
431:
79:
825:
2509:"Corus to Sell Aluminium Rolled Products and Extrusions Businesses to Aleris International"
465:
252:, and plants for using the by products of the process (coking gas and slag). In May 1917 a
1397:"WE ARE IN A SMART DISTRESS (republished in 'World War II Experiences of Howard Thornley'"
963:
In the late 1960s Hoogovens and Hoesch had planned to build a second Dutch steel plant in
946:
KNHS formed its interests that were to be merged (the IJmuiden steelworks) into a company
814:
steel for the car industry. The shares of the company were wholly owned by Corus by 2004.
8:
3418:
2293:
586:
581:
Because of the size of the two companies, and the extent of their competition within the
536:
489:
821:
became a wholly owned subsidiary in 1997, after acquiring a 50% share acquired in 1988.
529:
3145:
Dutch enterprise in the twentieth century: business strategies in a small open economy
2909:
3275:
3265:
3171:
3149:
3129:
3108:
3080:
2599:
2429:
2114:
1651:
1470:
640:
574:
361:
261:
209:
197:
3164:"The Pathfinder : Strategy Paths And Resources In Their Territory Through Time"
1529:
History Steel Company, (Corus), "Oxy steel factory 1 officially opened, 22 Feb 1958"
335:. The coking plant continued to be expanded throughout the 1920s and 30s, and after
151:
3431:"CORUS , IJMUIDEN , HÜTTENWERK / INTEGRATED STEEL MILL , Niederlande / Netherlands"
2999:
2449:"Corus Group plc Preliminary Report for the 12 Months to 28 December 2002 - Part 3"
2002:"Commission approves merger between British Steel (UK) and Hoogovens (Netherlands)"
1882:
1566:
697:
416:
273:
1019:"Tata says break up of European business will only see small number of job losses"
847:
The company also participated in north sea gas exploration and extraction company
535:
In the late 1990s two blast furnaces were purchased by the Indonesian steel group
3396:
3378:
3257:
3246:
3143:
3102:
3074:
2995:
2968:
2953:
2835:"Aciérie, laminoir dite Fabrique de Fer de Maubeuge, puis Hoogovens, puis Myriad"
2593:
2423:
2076:
1944:
1645:
1549:
1490:"architectuurgids.nl - Hoofdgebouw Hoogovens, Willem Marinus Dudok, Velsen-Noord"
1464:
1446:
1320:
1297:
1192:
1152:
1124:
654:
324:
2162:
1396:
981:
594:
430:
During World War II the company was affected by the German occupation: in 1941
389:
245:
3248:
Het Spiedend Oog Der Luchtcamera : 170 Luchtfoto's met toelochtende tekst
1976:
Case No IV/M. 1595 - BRITISH STEEL / HOOGOVENS: Article 6(1)(b) Non-Opposition
829:
381:(CEMIJ) and manufactured cement using granulated furnace slag as an additive.
188:
The company briefly merged its IJmuiden steel plant with German steel company
3480:
3279:
3061:
3047:
2885:
UGB board OKs Duferco plan for reconstruction.(Usine Gustave Boel in Belgium)
2681:
2118:
1362:, 4.3 Kenschets van Van Leer's Walsbedriijven N.V./Walserij-Oost, pp.132-139.
921:
617:
457:
285:
68:
36:
23:
2508:
2428:, Routledge, "A case in point: the aluminium debacle", pp.47-52; also p.43,
1886:
561:, was established at Sidmar's plant near Ghent, producing galvanised steel.
3107:, New Horizons in Public Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 84–104,
3014:(in Dutch), Stichting Industrieel Erfgoed Hoogovens (SIEHO), archived from
1268:
791:
729:
514:
494:
436:
336:
265:
249:
215:
In 2021, the company was split into a British (Tata Steel UK) and a Dutch (
2421:
1982:. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
1643:
912:
Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken N.V. : English
493:
1973, when 2,300 workers went on strike at the IJmuiden plant. During the
3098:
2425:
Towards a European labour identity: the case of the European Work Council
1647:
Towards a European labour identity: the case of the European Work Council
1542:
461:
447:
201:
3430:
1236:
History Steel Company, (Corus), "Blast - Furnace 3 is lit 13 July 1930"
716:
In 2006 Corus's aluminium rolling and extrusion facilities were sold to
685:
was the other partner in the venture, along with technical support from
2004:(Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 19 July 1999. IP/99/524
980:, the joint venture became bankrupt in 2001, The plant was acquired by
665:
636:
323:
due to better ground conditions. The site was on the north bank of the
257:
220:
205:
3371:"Steel90.com : 90th anniversary of the steel company in IJmuiden"
1972:
254:
Comité voor oprichting van een hoogovenstaal- en walswerk in Nederland
143:
3031:
1313:
1290:
1185:
1145:
1117:
964:
686:
593:
merger would help insulate British Steel against the strength of the
509:
316:
296:
189:
182:
2710:
3015:
1439:
721:
709:
682:
340:
320:
312:
196:
but separated in 1982. In 1999, the company merged with the larger
178:
128:
807:
423:, remaining in use until 1953, and being replaced by the mills of
343:, a by-product from coking, was used by the chemical works Cindu (
3334:
993:
Hoogovens acquired Billiton's share in the joint venture in 1977.
934:
841:
765:
269:
3251:(in Dutch), Koninkklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap
3104:
Success and failure in public governance: a comparative analysis
2481:"Aleris International Snags Corus' Downstream Aluminum Business"
1209:"Corus verkoopt belangen in teerdestillatie bedrijf aan Koppers"
836:,), with option to buy the remaining shares. The UGB subsidiary
728:(Germany) were sold to Briand Investments B.V., an associate of
3243:"De Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken N.V."
2558:
1759:
MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN STEELMAKING CAPACITY IN THE NON-OECD AREA
1195:, Phoenix Steenfabriek 1924 - 1927; Bijproductenfabriek 1924
787:
725:
717:
609:
554:
550:. A new continuous caster was installed between 1998 and 2000.
469:
2100:
2039:"Newly merged British Steel-Hoogovens group to be named Corus"
219:) branch, these fall directly under the Indian parent company
3354:
2862:
2422:
Michael Whittall; Herman Knudsen; Fred Huijgen, eds. (2007),
1682:
1644:
Michael Whittall; Herman Knudsen; Fred Huijgen, eds. (2007),
1331:
1329:
933:
In 2010 Cindu Chemicals BV was sold to Koppers Holding Inc. (
746:
505:
365:
193:
2641:"Nieuwe bewerkingslijn voor automotivesector in Zwijndrecht"
1791:"Chinese company fined for its dangerous working conditions"
1350:, Van Leer's Walsbedrijven NV > Walserij Oost 1938 - 1953
468:
was commissioned to design a head office for the company in
351:
NV Phoenix Maatschappij voor Vervaardiging van Hoogovensteen
3299:
2794:
1699:
598:
539:
and dismantled and shipped to its development in Malaysia,
480:
per year by 1965. On 4 May 1965 KNHS took over the company
354:
3382:
2910:"Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken NV"
2178:"Indiana ports provide help in a bid to sell idle GalvPro"
1326:
293:
Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken N.V.
3197:
Koninklijke Hoogovens In Its Territory: A Bird's-Eye View
2865:"Unions concerned at sale of UGB steelworks by Hoogovens"
1624:
1622:
1365:
914:
Royal Dutch Blast Furnaces and Steelworks Public Limited
889:, primary steel production process invented at Hoogovens
620:
for another galvanising line built in the late 1990s in
451:
Koninklijke Hoogovens headquarters in Velsen by WM Dudok
3319:
2391:
2379:
2158:
Galvstar LP.(changes name to Galvpro LP)(Brief Article)
1973:
Commission of the European Communities (15 July 1999).
1687:
1663:
1511:
1300:, Buizengieterij 1936; Martin Staal Fabriek 1939 - 1972
1158:
895:, formerly the Hoogovens chess tournament, started 1938
668:. The plant itself is still named Tata Steel IJmuiden.
1619:
2937:, St. James Press – via www.fundinguniverse.com
497:
there were no strikes, despite significant lay-offs.
3397:
Documents and clippings about Tata Steel Netherlands
3128:, ERIM Report Series Reference No. ERS-2000-28-ORG,
1871:"Start-up of the continuous galvanizing line Galtec"
400:(Salzgitter), Germany where it was installed in the
1859:, "Casting mill installation opened, 17 April 2000"
1458:
164:
Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken
56:
Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken
3204:The "Social Becoming" Of Koninklijke Hoogovens Plc
3170:, University of Groningen / Labyrint Publication,
2598:, Nederlands Historisch Genootschap, p. 129,
735:
601:, which had been harming British Steel's exports.
3419:"TATA Steel IJmuiden , Niederlande / Netherlands"
3255:
2863:Philippe Dryon; Estelle Krzeslo (28 March 1999),
2623:"Hoogovens koopt walserij van Van Leeuwen Buizen"
546:In 1996 the company changed its official name to
3478:
2591:
2066:
1732:, "Paint line put into operation, 16 March 1990"
1650:, Routledge, "Historical background", pp.41-43,
1427:, "War, company is closed down" 13 December 1943
504:.) were formed into a 50:50 joint venture named
2540:"Corus Sells Last Aluminum Smelters to PE Firm"
2346:"Bijna €350 mln winst voor Tata Steel IJmuiden"
2231:"Belangrijke investering bij Corus in IJmuiden"
2175:
2045:, Associated Press Archive, 30 September 1999,
1951:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 7 June 1999
1910:
1744:, "Blast Furnace 3 demolished, 18 October 1991"
1720:, "Continuous Casting Installation, 9 May 1980"
1587:, "The Arosa Sun in IJmuiden, 27 February 1960"
920:; "Hoogoven" (plural "hoogovens") is Dutch for
692:In 1970 the company acquired a shareholding in
3507:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1999
2881:
2213:"Steel dynamics finalizes deal to buy GalvPro"
2069:"British Steel poised for pounds 1bn takeover"
1779:"Chinese company may continue demolition work"
851:(1960s), its interests were sold off in 1988.
664:fall directly under the Indian parent company
3222:, Koninklijke Hoogovens, 1998, archived from
3213:"Annual report 1998 Koninklijke Hoogovens NV"
3211:
3073:van Elteren, Melchior Cornelis Maria (1986),
2800:
2141:Galvanizing site bought by Weirton, Hoogovens
2133:
1803:"Onrust over ongevallen op terrein Hoogovens"
119:Tata Steel Netherlands IJmuiden (2021–)
3240:
2931:International Directory of Company Histories
2914:International Directory of Company Histories
2740:"Corus acquires remaining interest in Segal"
1939:
1937:
1935:
3502:Manufacturing companies established in 1918
3452:
3440:
3072:
1572:
1359:
1335:
639:acquired Corus and subsequently renamed it
3492:Manufacturing companies of the Netherlands
3428:
3264:(in French), Publications de la Sorbonne,
3141:
2161:, Purchasing, 8 April 1999, archived from
1371:
630:
585:, the merger required the approval of the
3512:1999 disestablishments in the Netherlands
2595:Studies on the history of the Netherlands
2410:History of Koninklijke Hoogovens, (Corus)
2101:Mauro Righini; Michele Turchetto (2000),
2023:History of Koninklijke Hoogovens, (Corus)
1932:
1598:"Industrialisatie IJmondgebied 1876-1950"
832:was acquired in 1997 (as a joint venture
3416:
3161:
3101:; Peters, B. Guy; 't Hart, Paul (eds.),
2924:
2907:
2671:, "Foundation of Segal, 3 November 1983"
2579:
2397:
2385:
2367:
2219:, American Metal Market, 6 February 2003
2107:MPT - Metallurgical Plant and Technology
1968:
1966:
1868:
1705:
1669:
1628:
1517:
1435:
1433:
1274:
1250:
1203:
1201:
1164:
1097:
1095:
1074:
916:; Koninklijke Hoogovens : English:
568:
446:
150:
3262:Publications de la Sorbonne. Géographie
3148:, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group,
2961:"90 Years of Steel Company in IJmuiden"
2920:, Gale – via www.encyclopedia.com
2888:, American Metal Market, archived from
1945:"British Steel merges with Dutch rival"
1177:
1175:
1173:
1137:
1135:
1133:
861:Stichting Industrieel Erfgoed Hoogovens
671:
223:and Tata Steel Europe ceased to exist.
3479:
3123:
3092:
2811:
2809:
2703:
2575:
2573:
2564:
2373:
2327:from the original on 24 September 2015
2241:from the original on 24 September 2015
1893:from the original on 28 September 2016
1815:"Vergunning Chinees bedrijf in gevaar"
1693:
1639:
1637:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1101:
587:Commission of the European Communities
233:
117:Tata Steel Europe IJmuiden (2007-2021)
1963:
1875:Metallurgical Research and Technology
1430:
1215:, Corus, 1 March 2010, archived from
1198:
1092:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1053:
1051:
1016:
869:European Route of Industrial Heritage
794:reached agreement on a joint venture
775:was acquired at the end of 1995 from
2176:Scott Robertson (30 December 2002),
2143:, American Metal Market, 13 May 1998
1170:
1130:
1012:
1010:
266:Steenkolen Handels-Vereeniging (SHV)
192:from 1972 forming the joint venture
3517:Dutch companies established in 1918
3076:Staal en arbeid - Periode 1924-1955
3008:"Korte geschiedenis Corus IJmuiden"
2806:
2570:
1847:, "Name is changed, 1 January 1996"
1634:
1407:from the original on 6 October 2011
1239:
800:Société Européenne de Galvanisation
604:In 2000 a hot dip galvanising line
372:Eerste Nederlandse Cement Industrie
144:https://www.tatasteelnederland.com/
13:
3497:Steel companies of the Netherlands
3306:(in Dutch), Tata Steel IJmuiden BV
2943:"History of Koninklijke Hoogovens"
2692:from the original on 24 April 2016
2503:, Metal Center News, 1 August 2006
2356:from the original on 30 March 2016
1747:
1386:, "Board of directors into Hiding"
1063:
1048:
824:A 50% share in Belgian steelmaker
411:established a steel rolling mill (
14:
3528:
3287:
3024:"Short history of Corus IJmuiden"
2845:from the original on 4 March 2016
2783:from the original on 23 July 2013
2750:from the original on 5 March 2016
2651:from the original on 6 March 2016
2550:, 23 January 2009, archived from
2459:from the original on 4 April 2016
2083:from the original on 4 March 2016
2049:from the original on 5 March 2016
1825:from the original on 24 July 2013
1766:from the original on 4 March 2016
1608:from the original on 25 June 2012
1440:Korte geschiedenis CORUS IJmuiden
1007:
954:, "Estel is founded, 7 July 1972"
291:On 20 September 1918 the company
177:The IJmuiden steelworks based in
2882:Christian Kohl (31 March 1999),
2519:from the original on 5 July 2013
2497:"Aleris acquires Corus business"
2067:Michael Harrison (3 June 1999),
1500:from the original on 13 May 2014
553:In 1998 a joint subsidiary with
472:, which was completed 1953. The
299:. Wenckenbach was the Director,
67:
2875:
2856:
2827:
2823:, European Union, 29 April 1997
2765:
2732:
2721:from the original on 4 May 2016
2674:
2662:
2633:
2615:
2585:
2532:
2470:
2441:
2415:
2403:
2338:
2309:
2252:
2223:
2205:
2169:
2149:
2124:
2094:
2060:
2031:
2016:
1994:
1904:
1862:
1850:
1838:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1675:
1590:
1578:
1554:
1532:
1523:
1482:
1452:
1418:
1389:
1377:
1341:
1303:
1280:
1256:
1230:
987:
970:
957:
940:
927:
781:Van Leeuwen Pipe and Tube Group
736:Subsidiaries and joint ventures
703:
3142:Sluyterman, Keetie E. (2005),
3079:, vol. 1, Brill Archive,
2925:Pederson, Jay P., ed. (2003),
2908:Pederson, Jay P., ed. (2008),
2455:, Corus Group, 14 March 2003,
1561:History Steel Company, (Corus)
1107:
1080:
1036:
906:
810:, Belgium which would produce
288:required to fund the project.
1:
3312:"Welkom bij Corus in IJmuide"
2779:(in Dutch), 24 January 1997,
1911:Peter van Steen, ed. (1999),
1869:Vereecke, M. (January 2001),
1539:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1348:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1310:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1287:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1263:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1182:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1142:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1114:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1058:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1000:
867:which is an affiliate of the
631:Tata Steel 2007–present
278:Frits Fentener van Vlissingen
3245:, in J.H.G. Schepers (ed.),
3062:"geschiedenis van Hoogovens"
3048:"geschiedenis van Hoogovens"
2669:History Steel Company (2007)
2412:, "The 1970's"; "The 1980's"
2263:"Hot Dip Galvanising Line 3"
2103:"Surface coating - Galtec 2"
1857:History Steel Company (2007)
1845:History Steel Company (2007)
1742:History Steel Company (2007)
1730:History Steel Company (2007)
1718:History Steel Company (2007)
1585:History Steel Company (2007)
1459:Herman van Bergeijk (2001),
1425:History Steel Company (2007)
1384:History Steel Company (2007)
1017:Barry, Sion (28 June 2021).
952:History Steel Company (2007)
771:The welded tubes factory in
757:Chemische Industrie Uithoorn
442:
346:Chemische Industrie Uithoorn
238:
91:; 106 years ago
7:
3401:20th Century Press Archives
3068:(in Dutch), Hoogovensmuseum
3054:(in Dutch), Hoogovensmuseum
2746:, Corus, 12 November 2004,
2629:(in Dutch), 1 November 1995
2317:"Corus Group Press Release"
2237:, Corus, 30 November 2005,
1323:, Walserij West 1947 - 1992
1087:90 Years of Steel .. (2007)
1043:90 Years of Steel .. (2007)
893:Tata Steel Chess Tournament
887:HIsarna steelmaking process
880:
854:
838:Fabrique de Fer de Maubeuge
651:Financial crisis of 2007–08
583:European Economic Community
569:Corus group 1999–2007
170:) until 1996 or informally
10:
3533:
3353:(in Dutch), archived from
3318:(in Dutch), archived from
3256:Jacques Malézieux (1981),
3162:Vrieling, Lammert (1998),
3060:
3006:
2900:
2323:, Corus, 7 November 2008,
1538:
1403:: 228–230, December 1977,
1347:
1309:
1286:
1277:, Table 5.1, p.117; p.129.
1262:
1181:
1141:
1113:
1057:
612:. A joint venture (42.5%)
402:Reichswerke Hermann Göring
226:
115:Corus IJmuiden (1999–2007)
16:Former Dutch steel company
3124:Schenk, Hans (May 2000),
3121:also publisher as :
2592:Martinus Nijhoff (1973),
2567:, pp. 101–2, note.3.
2352:(in Dutch), 25 May 2015,
1821:(in Dutch), 3 June 1997,
1543:Breedband NV 1950 - 1965
1314:Geïntegreerd staalbedrijf
1291:Geïntegreerd staalbedrijf
1127:, Havens en opslagen 1920
386:Freyr, Brassert & Co.
315:was chosen over sites at
139:
123:
111:
103:
85:
75:
66:
3045:partially reproduced at
2986:
2959:
2668:
2548:The Aluminum Association
2489:The Aluminum Association
2185:www.lockerassociates.com
1856:
1844:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1584:
1560:
1424:
1383:
1086:
1042:
951:
899:
649:In the period after the
333:Freyn, Brassert &Co.
307:the company's assignee.
301:Geldolph Adriaan Kessler
3220:www.tatasteeleurope.com
3168:dissertations.ub.rug.nl
2988:"History Steel Company"
2950:www.tatasteeleurope.com
2941:
2869:www.eurofound.europa.eu
2409:
2292:, Corus, archived from
2269:, Corus, archived from
2022:
1809:(in Dutch), 23 May 1997
1795:www.eurofound.europa.eu
1783:www.eurofound.europa.eu
1681:See sources in article
1494:www.architectuurgids.nl
1445:13 October 2008 at the
696:(Belgium), and in 1987
622:Jeffersonville, Indiana
364:set up a joint venture
155:IJmuiden blast furnaces
3381:, 2007, archived from
3366:, Corus IJmuiden steam
3339:www.hoogovensmuseum.nl
3066:www.hoogovensmuseum.nl
3052:www.hoogovensmuseum.nl
2998:, 2007, archived from
2971:, 2007, archived from
817:Metal plating company
720:. In 2009 smelters in
541:Gunawan Iron and Steel
452:
378:Cementfabriek IJmuiden
295:(KNHS) was created in
217:Tata Steel Netherlands
156:
3443:"Tata Steel IJmuiden"
3347:"Corus Stoom Ymuiden"
3241:L.A. Pennock (1948),
3093:Schenk, Hans (2001),
2073:www.independent.co.uk
1887:10.1051/metal:2001163
1575:, "Summary", pp.370-.
948:Hoogovens IJmuiden BV
786:In 1983 the company,
548:Koninklijke Hoogovens
502:Hoogovens IJmuiden BV
450:
432:Vereinigte Stahlwerke
375:(ENCI): it was named
360:In 1928 the KNHS and
160:Koninklijke Hoogovens
154:
80:Naamloze vennootschap
62:Koninklijke Hoogovens
3328:Museums and heritage
2453:www.prnewswire.co.uk
918:Royal Blast Furnaces
874:Corus Stoom IJmuiden
762:Teerbedrijf Uithoorn
672:Aluminium production
528:The company's first
466:Willem Marinus Dudok
353:), was built to use
37:52.47839°N 4.59212°E
3466:"Zoeken: hoogovens"
3423:www.viktormacha.com
537:Gunawan Steel Group
490:Vocational training
303:the secretary, and
234:IJmuiden steelworks
63:
33: /
3455:"Corus coke works"
3435:www.stahlseited.de
3385:on 7 February 2011
3357:on 27 October 2018
3335:"Hoogovens Museum"
3206:, pp. 110–174
3018:on 13 October 2008
3002:on 9 December 2013
2975:on 9 December 2013
2801:Annual Report 1998
2686:www.portdeliege.be
2501:goliath.ecnext.com
2296:on 9 December 2013
2273:on 9 December 2013
2217:goliath.ecnext.com
2134:Annual Report 1998
1602:www.regiocanons.nl
1548:2008-09-15 at the
1469:, 010 Publishers,
1319:2008-09-15 at the
1296:2008-09-15 at the
1191:2008-09-15 at the
1151:2008-09-15 at the
1123:2008-09-15 at the
826:Usine Gustave Boël
812:hot dip galvanized
777:Van Leeuwen Buizen
724:(Netherlands) and
453:
157:
51:
3487:Tata Steel Europe
3453:Harold Hfinster,
3441:Harold Hfinster,
3341:(in Dutch), SIEHO
3293:Official websites
3202:Chapter 5 :
3199:, pp. 88–109
3195:Chapter 4 :
3034:on 7 October 2007
2927:"Corus Group plc"
2839:www.actuacity.com
2515:, 17 March 2006,
2376:, pp. 87, 93
2136:, pp. 24, 41
1797:, 28 October 1997
1696:, pp. 96–99.
849:Nordwinning Group
641:Tata Steel Europe
575:British Steel plc
530:continuous caster
525:was also closed.
362:Royal Dutch Shell
331:American company
262:Royal Dutch Shell
210:Tata Steel Europe
198:British Steel plc
149:
148:
60:
54:
42:52.47839; 4.59212
3524:
3473:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3429:Uwe Niggemeier,
3425:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3342:
3323:
3322:on 12 April 2004
3307:
3304:www.tatasteel.nl
3282:
3252:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3217:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3180:, archived from
3158:
3136:
3117:
3089:
3069:
3055:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3030:, archived from
3019:
3003:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2921:
2894:
2893:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2871:, European Union
2860:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2813:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2744:www.tatasteel.nl
2736:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2645:www.tatasteel.nl
2637:
2631:
2630:
2627:www.volksrant.nl
2619:
2613:
2612:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2544:www.aluminum.org
2536:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2504:
2492:
2485:www.aluminum.org
2474:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2321:www.tatasteel.nl
2313:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2235:www.tatasteel.nl
2227:
2221:
2220:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2187:, archived from
2182:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2035:
2029:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1917:, archived from
1908:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1641:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1573:van Elteren 1986
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1456:
1450:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1360:van Elteren 1986
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1336:van Elteren 1986
1333:
1324:
1307:
1301:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1213:www.tatasteel.nl
1205:
1196:
1186:KNHS eerste fase
1179:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1146:KNHS eerste fase
1139:
1128:
1118:KNHS eerste fase
1111:
1105:
1099:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
994:
991:
985:
974:
968:
961:
955:
944:
938:
931:
925:
910:
865:Hoogovens Museum
819:Hille and Muller
698:Kaiser Aluminium
597:relative to the
417:Bernard van Leer
413:Walsbedrijven NV
409:Van Leer company
305:A.H. Ingen Housz
274:Hendrikus Colijn
208:and was renamed
99:
97:
92:
71:
64:
58:
52:
50:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3477:
3476:
3464:
3459:www.hfinster.de
3447:www.hfinster.de
3388:
3386:
3375:www.steel90.com
3369:
3360:
3358:
3345:
3333:
3310:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3272:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3215:
3187:
3185:
3178:
3156:
3115:
3087:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3022:
2992:www.steel90.com
2978:
2976:
2965:www.steel90.com
2945:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2892:on 7 March 2016
2880:
2876:
2861:
2857:
2848:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2786:
2784:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2753:
2751:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2724:
2722:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2654:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2554:on 12 July 2010
2538:
2537:
2533:
2522:
2520:
2507:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2460:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2330:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2299:
2297:
2290:www.steel90.com
2284:
2276:
2274:
2267:www.steel90.com
2261:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2194:on 23 July 2008
2191:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2165:on 9 April 2016
2155:
2154:
2150:
2139:
2129:
2125:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2077:The Independent
2065:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2043:nl.newsbank.com
2037:
2036:
2032:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1894:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1828:
1826:
1813:
1807:www.digibron.nl
1801:
1789:
1777:
1769:
1767:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1609:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1550:Wayback Machine
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1501:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1457:
1453:
1447:Wayback Machine
1438:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1372:Sluyterman 2005
1370:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1327:
1321:Wayback Machine
1308:
1304:
1298:Wayback Machine
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1219:on 5 March 2016
1207:
1206:
1199:
1193:Wayback Machine
1180:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1153:Wayback Machine
1140:
1131:
1125:Wayback Machine
1112:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1064:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1015:
1008:
1003:
998:
997:
992:
988:
975:
971:
962:
958:
945:
941:
932:
928:
911:
907:
902:
883:
857:
738:
706:
674:
655:Great Recession
633:
571:
445:
443:1945–1999
325:North Sea Canal
241:
236:
229:
135:
131:
118:
116:
95:
93:
90:
61:
59:1996–1999
57:
55:
53:1918–1996
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3475:
3474:
3470:www.gahetna.nl
3462:
3450:
3438:
3426:
3417:Viktor Macha,
3413:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3394:
3367:
3343:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3308:
3300:"Tatasteel.nl"
3295:
3294:
3289:
3288:External links
3286:
3284:
3283:
3270:
3253:
3238:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3184:on 5 July 2013
3176:
3159:
3154:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3113:
3099:Bovens, M.A.P.
3090:
3085:
3070:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3043:
3004:
2984:
2957:
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2902:
2899:
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2895:
2874:
2855:
2826:
2805:
2793:
2764:
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2702:
2673:
2661:
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2614:
2604:
2584:
2569:
2557:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2505:
2493:
2469:
2440:
2434:
2414:
2402:
2400:, p. 101.
2390:
2388:, p. 158.
2378:
2366:
2337:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2286:"Cold Mill 22"
2282:
2251:
2222:
2204:
2168:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2137:
2123:
2093:
2059:
2030:
2015:
1993:
1962:
1931:
1921:on 11 May 2012
1903:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1785:, 28 July 1997
1775:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1672:, p. 149.
1662:
1656:
1633:
1618:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1531:
1522:
1520:, p. 134.
1510:
1481:
1475:
1451:
1429:
1417:
1401:Samen Magazine
1388:
1376:
1374:, p. 118.
1364:
1352:
1340:
1338:, p. 128.
1325:
1302:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1238:
1229:
1197:
1169:
1167:, p. 121.
1157:
1129:
1106:
1091:
1089:, "Background"
1079:
1062:
1047:
1035:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
986:
982:Steel Dynamics
976:Later renamed
969:
956:
939:
926:
904:
903:
901:
898:
897:
896:
890:
882:
879:
856:
853:
760:), then named
737:
734:
705:
702:
673:
670:
632:
629:
570:
567:
444:
441:
390:Siemens-Martin
286:Dutch guilders
246:blast furnaces
240:
237:
235:
232:
228:
225:
200:to create the
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
133:
127:
125:
121:
120:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3529:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
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3471:
3467:
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3451:
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3432:
3427:
3424:
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3415:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3384:
3380:
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3372:
3368:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3271:9782859440374
3267:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3229:on 5 May 2016
3225:
3221:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3179:
3177:90-72591-60-7
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3155:9780203023167
3151:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:9781843762171
3110:
3106:
3105:
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3096:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3071:
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3049:
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3033:
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3020:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
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2911:
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2905:
2891:
2887:
2886:
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2866:
2859:
2844:
2841:(in French),
2840:
2836:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2803:, p. 25.
2802:
2797:
2782:
2778:
2774:
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2749:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2720:
2717:(in French),
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2712:
2706:
2691:
2687:
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2677:
2670:
2665:
2650:
2646:
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2636:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2607:
2605:9789024715374
2601:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2581:
2580:Pederson 2008
2576:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:, August 2006
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2437:
2435:9780415403962
2431:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2398:Vrieling 1998
2394:
2387:
2386:Vrieling 1998
2382:
2375:
2370:
2355:
2351:
2347:
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2097:
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2078:
2074:
2070:
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2048:
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2040:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2003:
1997:
1978:
1977:
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1967:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1920:
1916:
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1907:
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1760:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1706:Pederson 2008
1702:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1670:Vrieling 1998
1666:
1659:
1657:9780415403962
1653:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1631:, p. 107
1630:
1629:Vrieling 1998
1625:
1623:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1526:
1519:
1518:Vrieling 1998
1514:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1478:
1476:9789064503160
1472:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1275:Vrieling 1998
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1251:Pederson 2008
1247:
1245:
1243:
1233:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1165:Vrieling 1998
1161:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1075:Pederson 2008
1071:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1024:
1023:Business Live
1020:
1013:
1011:
1006:
990:
983:
979:
973:
966:
960:
953:
949:
943:
936:
930:
923:
922:blast furnace
919:
915:
909:
905:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
878:
876:
875:
870:
866:
862:
852:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
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815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
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767:
763:
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758:
752:
748:
744:
742:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
711:
701:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
679:
669:
667:
663:
662:Tata Steel UK
658:
656:
652:
647:
644:
642:
638:
628:
625:
623:
619:
618:Weirton Steel
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
590:
588:
584:
579:
576:
573:In June 1999
566:
562:
560:
556:
551:
549:
544:
542:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
518:
516:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
491:
485:
483:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Marshall Plan
449:
440:
438:
433:
428:
426:
422:
421:Walserij Oost
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
394:Walserij West
391:
387:
382:
380:
379:
374:
373:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
231:
224:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
153:
145:
142:
138:
130:
126:
122:
114:
110:
106:
102:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
70:
65:
49:
46:
3469:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3422:
3387:, retrieved
3383:the original
3374:
3359:, retrieved
3355:the original
3350:
3338:
3320:the original
3316:www.corus.nl
3315:
3303:
3261:
3247:
3231:, retrieved
3224:the original
3219:
3186:, retrieved
3182:the original
3167:
3144:
3125:
3120:
3103:
3075:
3065:
3051:
3036:, retrieved
3032:the original
3028:www.sieho.nl
3027:
3016:the original
3012:www.sieho.nl
3011:
3000:the original
2991:
2977:, retrieved
2973:the original
2964:
2949:
2934:
2930:
2917:
2913:
2890:the original
2884:
2877:
2868:
2858:
2847:, retrieved
2838:
2829:
2820:
2796:
2785:, retrieved
2777:www.toruw.nl
2776:
2767:
2759:
2752:, retrieved
2743:
2734:
2723:, retrieved
2715:www.segal.be
2714:
2705:
2694:, retrieved
2685:
2676:
2664:
2653:, retrieved
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2609:
2594:
2587:
2560:
2552:the original
2543:
2534:
2521:, retrieved
2513:www.azon.com
2512:
2500:
2484:
2472:
2461:, retrieved
2452:
2443:
2424:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2358:, retrieved
2349:
2340:
2329:, retrieved
2320:
2311:
2298:, retrieved
2294:the original
2289:
2275:, retrieved
2271:the original
2266:
2254:
2243:, retrieved
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2196:, retrieved
2189:the original
2184:
2171:
2163:the original
2157:
2151:
2140:
2126:
2113:(3): 94–97,
2110:
2106:
2096:
2085:, retrieved
2072:
2062:
2051:, retrieved
2042:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1975:
1953:. Retrieved
1948:
1923:, retrieved
1919:the original
1913:
1906:
1895:, retrieved
1881:(1): 105–9,
1878:
1874:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1827:, retrieved
1819:www.trouw.nl
1818:
1806:
1794:
1782:
1768:, retrieved
1758:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1646:
1610:, retrieved
1604:(in Dutch),
1601:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1534:
1525:
1513:
1502:, retrieved
1493:
1484:
1465:
1454:
1420:
1409:, retrieved
1400:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1305:
1282:
1270:
1265:, Cemij 1930
1258:
1232:
1221:, retrieved
1217:the original
1212:
1160:
1109:
1104:, p. 92
1082:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1022:
989:
977:
972:
959:
947:
942:
929:
917:
913:
908:
872:
860:
858:
846:
823:
816:
799:
792:Phenix Works
785:
770:
761:
755:
745:
739:
715:
707:
704:Corus period
691:
677:
675:
659:
648:
645:
634:
626:
613:
605:
603:
591:
580:
572:
563:
558:
552:
547:
545:
534:
527:
519:
515:steel crisis
501:
499:
495:Steel crisis
486:
482:Breedband NV
481:
478:
473:
454:
437:Kriegsmarine
429:
425:Breedband NV
424:
420:
412:
406:
393:
385:
383:
376:
370:
359:
350:
344:
337:World War II
332:
329:
309:
292:
290:
253:
250:coking plant
242:
230:
216:
214:
187:
185:production.
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:
124:Headquarters
76:Company type
18:
3233:15 February
3188:14 February
2849:14 February
2787:14 February
2773:"Hoogovens"
2754:15 February
2655:15 February
2565:Schenk 2001
2523:15 February
2374:Schenk 2001
2331:15 February
2300:15 February
2277:15 February
2245:15 February
2198:15 February
2087:2 September
1925:11 February
1770:13 December
1694:Schenk 2001
1612:11 February
1504:11 February
1411:11 February
1102:Schenk 2001
1077:, para. 1-3
1060:, para. 1-5
1045:, para. 1-2
830:La Louvière
773:Zwijndrecht
462:galvanising
202:Corus Group
134:Netherlands
40: /
3481:Categories
3472:(in Dutch)
3389:8 February
3361:7 February
3351:www.csy.nl
3086:9004078177
3038:31 January
2979:8 February
2053:8 February
1829:7 February
1708:, para.17.
1466:W.M. Dudok
1001:References
950:, source:
834:HB Holding
804:Ivoz-Ramet
779:(see also
666:Tata Steel
637:Tata Steel
614:Galstar LP
398:Watenstedt
282:J. Muysken
221:Tata Steel
212:in 2010.
206:Tata Steel
25:52°28′42″N
3280:0766-0448
2821:europa.eu
2582:, para.21
2476:Sources:
2258:Sources:
2130:Sources:
2119:0935-7254
2027:The 1990s
1753:Sources:
965:Rotterdam
844:in 1999.
828:(UGB) in
687:Alusuisse
643:in 2010.
578:company.
474:Breedband
317:Rotterdam
297:The Hague
239:1914-1945
183:aluminium
172:Hoogovens
162:known as
112:Successor
28:4°35′32″E
2843:archived
2781:archived
2748:archived
2725:21 April
2719:archived
2696:21 April
2690:archived
2649:archived
2647:, 2011,
2517:archived
2463:20 March
2457:archived
2360:20 March
2354:archived
2325:archived
2239:archived
2081:archived
2047:archived
2008:5 August
1986:5 August
1955:5 August
1949:BBC News
1897:21 April
1891:archived
1823:archived
1764:archived
1606:archived
1546:Archived
1498:archived
1443:Archived
1405:archived
1317:Archived
1294:Archived
1253:, para.6
1223:20 March
1189:Archived
1149:Archived
1121:Archived
984:in 2003.
881:See also
855:Heritage
722:Delfzijl
710:Pechiney
683:Billiton
635:In 2007
606:Galtec 2
595:sterling
557:, named
341:Coal tar
321:Moerdijk
313:IJmuiden
179:IJmuiden
129:IJmuiden
3403:of the
3399:in the
2901:Sources
2711:"Segal"
2682:"SEGAL"
978:GalvPro
935:Koppers
859:SIEHO (
842:Duferco
766:Koppers
280:, and
270:Philips
227:History
140:Website
104:Defunct
94: (
86:Founded
3411:Images
3278:
3268:
3174:
3152:
3134:242409
3132:
3111:
3083:
2602:
2432:
2117:
1654:
1473:
1028:31 May
788:Sidmar
730:Klesch
726:Voerde
718:Aleris
610:Sidmar
559:Galtec
555:Sidmar
510:Hoesch
470:Velsen
190:Hoesch
3379:Corus
3227:(PDF)
3216:(PDF)
3097:, in
2996:Corus
2969:Corus
2954:Corus
2946:(PDF)
2350:fd.nl
2192:(PDF)
2181:(PDF)
1980:(PDF)
1683:Estel
900:Notes
808:Liège
802:) at
796:SEGAL
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