263:
47:
837:
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515:
341:
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255:
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have a volume of up to 100 m3 (e.g. 0.5 × 6 × 32 m). As a rule, these furnaces are arranged in a battery, separated by injectors for gases burned at between 1,200 and 1,400 °C, which ensures that the internal temperature is maintained. These gases come from the smoke evacuators, which also ensure heat recovery. If you're on the site of an iron and steel plant,
333:
The bar screen is a mobile carriage on rails, positioned along one side of the oven battery. It is designed to take coke briquettes out of the ovens and transport them to the processing site. It is equipped with an articulated arm, often comprising two joints, capable of sweeping the entire length of
447:
Once the kiln is full, the kiln feeder returns to the coal hopper and loads the next kiln. Cycles are timed so that a new oven can be started up every two minutes. The kiln walls are continuously heated. Depending on the properties of the coke bricks and the size of the oven, firing takes between 15
324:
Depending on the type of furnace, coal bins are located either on top of the furnace battery or at one end. Each bin contains the quantity of coal required to fill one furnace. These bins contain a mixture of coals specially selected for the quality of coke to be produced, and previously screened or
270:
The coke oven is the central element of a coking plant. Horizontal ovens, which are the most commonly used (they are suitable for monitoring the various extraction stages), take the form of narrow compartments (approx. 50 cm wide), but several meters high and several meters deep. Modern compartments
794:
In
December 2005, approval was given for the upgrading of the Saarland central coking plant (Zentralkokerei Saar GmbH) in Dillingen. This involves the construction of an entirely new third furnace battery. This will eventually enable the operation of furnace battery 1 to be discontinued, which will
790:
thermal power station – have been at the limits of their capacity since 2010. On June 3, 2005, the Düsseldorf district authorities approved the extension of the
Duisburg-Huckingen coking plant for HKM (HĂĽttenwerke Krupp Mannesmann) as being in the public interest, and this was confirmed on January
90:
and 1,400 °C, are generally drawn off and recovered. There are also coking plants where the released components are burned: this is known as a heat recovery process. A layer of ash then forms on the surface of the resulting coke. The degassing of the coal gives the coke a highly sought-after
315:
The roof is not just the closing slab of the furnace battery: it's also where the overhead crane carrying the coal bucket comes to load each individual furnace. For the worker in charge of this operation, exposure to risk is at a maximum: dust, heat, and flames make the task extremely perilous.
634:
On the other hand, the process is costly in terms of investment and maintenance, an aspect disputed by some experts and contractors. This is particularly true of energy recovery, which reduces annual operating costs. In China, the world's second-largest steel producer,
126:, which remains its main use today. Degassing considerably reduces its sulfur content, enabling the iron and steel industry to produce higher-quality cast iron with lower emissions. Apart from this, coke ash has more or less the same composition as ordinary hard coal.
334:
the oven battery. The hydraulic power unit is located at the base of this articulated arm. The aisle in front of the furnaces along the rails is called the master aisle; it must allow simultaneous passage of the worker in charge of closing the doors and the foreman.
849:
Given the sustained rise in the price of coke, several supporters of the industry have represented to the German authorities that it would be profitable to reopen certain coal pits. For example, there is an entirely privately-funded project to open a mine north of
279:
After an initial phase of around three months following commissioning, the heating system of a coking plant runs continuously. Heating up too quickly, or stopping too abruptly, is accompanied by thermal stresses that cause irreparable damage to the furnaces.
652:. The distillers used to wash the gases and separate their components were often mounted on the base of the furnace battery and connected by watertight pipes. The gases are drawn off by fans, which must maintain an overpressure of between 2
291:. Each furnace has three openings: the front and rear doors, which are about as wide as the furnace itself, and the filling/emptying hatch at the top. An oleo-hydraulic rake adjusts the coal layers horizontally inside the furnace.
275:
can also be used to heat the lower floors, where it is mixed with gas from the coal roaster. Every half-hour, the heating of the furnace battery alternates between the sides and the top, to ensure isotropic coal roasting.
854:, but the size of the investment makes this impossible. Skeptics fear that investment in this sector during the current economic cycle could have consequences for public finances in the event of a shortage.
601:
In 1986, between 200 g and 2 kg of solid impurities were found per ton of coke during cooling. Thanks to the modern Coke
Stabilizing Quenching process, this quantity has been reduced to 10 to 15 g/t.
744:
for steel caused the price of coke produced in China to soar from $ 80 to almost $ 350, more than quadrupling in price and three times higher than the simultaneous rise in the price of steel itself.
233:. One of the most important properties of blast furnace coke is its hardness, which it retains even at high temperatures: thus, while serving as a fuel, it ensures the stability of the stack of
193:-rich fuel that is purer and of higher quality than natural coal. By controlling the process, we can achieve specific performance levels in terms of the following properties:
92:
1400:
Glossaire du haut fourneau : Le langage... (savoureux, parfois) des hommes du fer et de la zone fonte, du mineur au... cokier d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, 5, 2003
530:
Coke needs to be cooled particularly quickly, because as soon as it comes into contact with ambient air, its extremely high temperature causes it to start burning.
560:
454:
787:
1199:
1437:
656:
and 5 mbar, to avoid any risk of explosion in the furnace as a result of outside air entering. If the fan is blocked, a routine flaring is created.
388:
1073:
262:
1376:
1303:
340:
1325:
1476:
1456:
1418:
833:
The coking plant in
Carling was closed in October 2009 due to polychlorobiphenyl contamination and demolished completely by 2014.
830:
plant. In May 2020, following the closure of the Serémange coking plant, only the
Dunkirk and Fos-sur-Mer plants will remain.
178:
in
England). It wasn't until the 18th century that the idea of purifying natural coal in coking plants was conceived. The new
994:
352:
1110:
166:, as their impurity content prevents them from reaching a temperature high enough to produce good cast iron. The demand for
376:
536:
514:
1358:
943:
924:
1227:
466:
1037:
893:
478:
490:
1265:
303:
View of the furnaces, on the feeder side (visible in the background), at the
Zollverein coking plant, part of
1533:
1398:
119:. Germany still has five coking plants in operation (as of 2010) to meet the needs of its domestic industry.
851:
17:
46:
1284:
548:
364:
1461:
1538:
1128:
888:
308:
755:
and rebuilt it in China. Germany's last dry-cooling plant was unable to take up the slack, as the
917:
Zechen und
Kokereien im rheinischen Steinkohlenbergbau. Aachener Revier und westliches Ruhrgebiet
819:
815:
648:
Towards the middle of the 19th century, industrialists realized the value of off-gases for the
502:
170:, drawn from coke ovens operating in much the same way as modern coking plants, led to massive
1015:
836:
1502:
1092:
171:
803:
8:
1181:
1067:
878:
639:, estimates that its investments in dry cooling deliver savings of between 20% and 33%.
143:
1345:
Herr Mo holt die Fabrik – Die modernste
Kokerei der Welt zieht von Dortmund nach China
939:
920:
649:
272:
238:
827:
733:
The
Prosper coking plant with the steam plume emerging from its wet quenching tower.
1250:
1158:
823:
704:
700:
254:
241:, whereas ordinary hard coal would bake and hinder the oxygenation of the mixture.
116:
1528:
1147:"Quality of coke used in blast furnace process – Analysis of selected parameters"
995:"Competence and know-how by tradition – A new dimension in cokemaking technology"
611:
567:
159:
1267:
Case Study of Technology Transfer between Japan and China in iron/steel industry
747:
At the same time, the Chinese dismantled the modern Kaiserstuhl coking plant in
868:
798:
In France, in November 2000, 6 coking plants were in operation: 3 owned by the
416:
175:
283:
Furnaces, like blast furnaces, are lined internally with refractory layers of
1522:
938:(in German). Dortmund: Stiftung Industriedenkmalpflege und Geschichtskultur.
863:
771:
710:
460:
Filling machine at the Schwelgern coking plant, Gelsenkirchen-Schalke Forges.
226:
197:
123:
100:
1163:
1146:
779:
756:
737:
667:; the condensation products are then separated and sent to various plants.
636:
112:
79:
39:
631:
As the final water content is lower, coke of superior quality is obtained;
404:
1273:. Japan: In-session Workshop on Mitigation at SBSTA22, Teikyo University.
964:
Entwicklung und gegenwärtiger Stand der Kokereiindustrie Niederschlesiens
883:
811:
443:
Simultaneous extinguishing and feeding of the furnace for the next cycle.
284:
108:
75:
729:
134:
653:
394:
Founder of the cokerie Schwelgern, in the Gelsenkirchen-Schalke forges.
218:
163:
59:
593:
Purification of this steam, contaminated with sulfuric acid, dust and
615:
594:
183:
83:
783:
760:
748:
676:
664:
660:
288:
234:
212:
167:
147:
35:
30:
434:
This is followed by degassing and waiting for sufficient porosity;
807:
775:
717:
694:
682:
230:
189:
Heating coal in the absence of air produces coke, a particularly
155:
104:
87:
55:
51:
1060:
Der unterirdische Wald. Energiekrise und industrielle Revolution
566:
The extinguished coke is stored for some time in the hopper for
799:
741:
688:
299:
190:
975:(in German). Vol. 2. Bochum: Musée des mines d'Allemagne.
791:
13, 2006. The coking plant was inaugurated on March 29, 2014.
584:
This process requires approx. 2 m3 of water per tonne of coke;
759:
group consolidated its iron and steel plants in Dortmund and
304:
1419:"Pont-Ă -Mousson va fermer une cokerie en Meurthe-et-Moselle"
182:
soon displaced charcoal entirely, making mass production of
115:, and coke gas; these products are then purified in further
873:
767:
752:
413:
Coal is fed into the furnace, mixed, crushed and compacted;
179:
78:
and manufactured gas are synthesized from coal using a dry
1438:"La cokerie d'ArcelorMittal s'éteint à Serémange-Erzange"
151:
96:
86:
coal, released by heating to a temperature of between 900
425:
Depending on furnace type or coal quality, coal spiking;
346:
Schwelgern coke screen, Forges de Gelsenkirchen-Schalke.
1248:
936:
Kohle, Koks, Kultur. Die Kokereien der Zeche Zollverein
1330:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
174:
that permanently disfigured entire regions (e.g. the
1477:"Förderstandort Donar: Pläne für endgültig begraben"
724:
625:
Avoids borrowing water from the natural environment;
1144:
766:The last three coking plants in operation in the
1520:
590:Almost a third of the water dissipates as steam;
419:opens the feed hatch at the top of the furnace;
34:A modern coking plant: the Carbonaria plant in
740:for coke have soared. Between 2002 and 2004,
408:Battery furnaces at the Forges de Völklingen.
1145:Kardas, Edyta; PustÄ›jovská, PavlĂna (2019).
910:(in German). Munich et Berlin: R.Oldenbourg.
358:Mobile nacelle for the Prosper coking plant.
162:) or uncharred wood are unsuitable for iron
122:Coke is mainly used to produce cast iron in
1457:"La cokerie de Carling s'efface du paysage"
1023:Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook
1251:"Method for cooling high-temperature coke"
1072:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
970:
795:be rebuilt. Battery 2 will be phased out.
788:the coking plant at the Duisburg-Huckingen
150:was used exclusively in the production of
1301:
1263:
1162:
961:
399:
1435:
1249:Dipl Ing Dr Hollenhorst, Dieter (1989).
1057:
914:
905:
835:
728:
403:
382:...and after introduction into the oven.
298:
261:
253:
133:
129:
82:process. The volatile components of the
50:ArcelorMittal's Prosper coking plant in
45:
29:
1416:
1396:
1342:
1045:Department of Metallurgical Engineering
266:Coke oven interior: detail (1942, USA).
91:porosity. The gases are broken down by
14:
1521:
1305:Gasreinigung und Nebenproduktgewinnung
973:Koks. Die Geschichte eines Wertstoffes
542:Glowing coke on its way to the cooler.
138:Interior of a coke oven (1976, Wales).
1454:
1320:
1318:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
933:
525:
472:Cooler at the Schwelgern coking plant
422:Coal discharge into a single furnace;
1500:
1176:
1174:
1108:
1087:
1085:
1083:
952:
844:
575:There are two ways of cooling coke:
1302:Payer, Theo; Baum, Wilhelm (2016).
186:possible, and hence the railroads.
24:
1315:
1237:
1213:
1115:Indiana University of Pennsylvania
25:
1550:
1503:"The Mineral Industry of Germany"
1171:
1080:
1047:. Lecture 2: Blast Furnace Plant.
1035:
725:Coking plants in the 21st century
610:This is usually carried out with
992:
643:
559:
547:
535:
513:
501:
489:
484:Prosper coking plant cooler hood
477:
465:
453:
428:Airtight closing of the furnace;
387:
375:
363:
351:
339:
1494:
1469:
1448:
1429:
1410:
1390:
1369:
1351:
1336:
1295:
1277:
1257:
1192:
899:
894:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
496:Loading the wagon (or coke-car)
1455:Kratz, Bernard (25 May 2013).
1406:(in French). Le savoir... fer.
1264:Yamaguchi, Mitsutsune (2005).
1138:
1121:
1102:
1051:
1029:
1008:
986:
966:(in German). Berlin: Springer.
670:
605:
578:
244:
13:
1:
1377:"The new coke oven batteries"
1311:(in German). Fischer-Tropsch.
1058:Sieferle, Rolf Peter (1982).
980:
957:(in German). Essen: GlĂĽckauf.
955:Geschichte der Kokereitechnik
840:Coking plant Schwelgern GmbH.
437:Opening of furnace end doors;
328:
249:
1182:"Coke Oven By-Product Plant"
971:Farrenkopf, Michael (2003).
953:Ress, Franz Michael (1957).
622:This technique saves energy;
520:Enfourneuse for top-feeding.
319:
7:
1436:Pelleray, François (2020).
1228:"How a blast furnace works"
919:(in German). Berlin: Mann.
857:
294:
225:Coke is most often used in
10:
1555:
1285:"Coke oven gas production"
663:is cooled and washed in a
1442:France Bleu Lorraine Nord
1397:Corbion, Jacques (2003).
1359:"Coke Plant Technologies"
962:Schreiber, Fritz (1911).
915:Buschman, Walter (1998).
908:Handbuch der Gasindustrie
142:In the early days of the
38:–Schwelgern, operated by
1417:Ambrosi, Pascal (1999).
1343:Willeke, Stefan (2004).
1093:"Metallurgical Industry"
906:BrĂĽckner, Horst (1938).
774:Prosper coking plant in
637:Nippon Steel Corporation
1483:(in German). 2013-02-07
1129:"Carbonization of coal"
934:Osses, Dietmar (2002).
93:fractional condensation
62:(Thyssen construction).
1462:Le RĂ©publicain Lorrain
1384:Paul Wurth (SMS group)
1347:(in German). Die Zeit.
1326:"Merchant coke prices"
1164:10.2478/cqpi-2019-0081
1038:"Ferrous Metallurgy-1"
841:
816:Charbonnages de France
734:
554:Wet quenching of coke.
409:
400:Sequence of operations
312:
267:
259:
139:
63:
43:
839:
732:
407:
370:Coke screen before...
302:
265:
257:
137:
130:History and principle
49:
33:
1534:Manufacturing plants
1062:(in German). Munich.
1016:"Coke Manufacturing"
826:, and the suspended
597:, remains a problem.
154:. Raw fossil coals (
778:, the Carbonaria /
628:Releases less dust;
1109:Mountjoy, Eileen.
879:Coal-mining region
842:
735:
703:, and more rarely
526:Extinguishing coke
410:
313:
268:
260:
144:ferrous metallurgy
140:
64:
44:
1501:Safirova, Elena.
1111:"History of Coke"
845:Industrial policy
650:chemical industry
273:blast furnace gas
117:chemical reactors
95:into hydrocarbon
58:and low-pressure
16:(Redirected from
1546:
1514:
1513:
1507:
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1488:
1473:
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786:-Schwelgern and
782:coking plant in
705:ammonium nitrate
701:Ammonium sulfate
614:, chosen as the
563:
551:
539:
517:
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481:
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367:
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343:
21:
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1539:Chemical plants
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1202:
1200:"Blast furnace"
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1036:Adhya, Sourav.
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1009:
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987:
983:
946:
927:
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889:Mining district
860:
847:
802:steel group at
727:
673:
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612:liquid nitrogen
608:
581:
571:
568:quality control
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206:sulfur content;
132:
28:
27:Type of factory
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12:
11:
5:
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1157:(1): 602–609.
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1007:
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869:Carbochemistry
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828:Pont-Ă -Mousson
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508:Flow to cooler
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448:and 30 hours.
445:
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440:Coke recovery;
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417:Overhead crane
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309:World Heritage
296:
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227:blast furnaces
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176:Ashdown Forest
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124:blast furnaces
68:coking factory
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1002:Thyssen-Krupp
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18:Coking plant
812:Fos-sur-Mer
671:By-products
606:Dry cooling
595:water gases
579:Wet cooling
245:Description
209:grain size;
109:naphthalene
42:since 2003.
1523:Categories
1512:. Germany.
1487:2024-05-10
1289:Alfa Laval
981:References
329:Bar screen
250:Coke ovens
219:friability
164:metallurgy
160:black coal
1481:www.wa.de
1423:Les Échos
1186:IspatGuru
1068:cite book
804:Serémange
716:Alkaline
616:inert gas
320:Coal bins
235:iron ores
231:foundries
184:cast iron
172:clearings
84:pyrolyzed
74:is where
60:gasometer
54:with its
858:See also
820:Drocourt
784:Duisburg
761:Duisburg
749:Dortmund
677:Coal tar
665:scrubber
661:coal gas
431:Heating;
295:The roof
289:silicate
285:chamotte
213:hardness
168:charcoal
148:charcoal
36:Duisburg
1207:Siemens
1151:Sciendo
1098:. 2012.
1025:. 1998.
824:Carling
808:Dunkirk
776:Bottrop
751:in the
718:phenols
695:Ammonia
683:Benzole
156:lignite
105:ammonia
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1529:Carbon
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770:– the
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689:Sulfur
191:carbon
113:benzol
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305:Essen
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1074:link
940:ISBN
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884:Coke
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852:Hamm
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810:and
768:Ruhr
753:Ruhr
659:The
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