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Task Force Faith

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arms fire from across the small valley caused many members of the rear guard to seek shelter below the road, instead of protecting the trucks. The enemy fire killed or wounded those already in the trucks as well as the drivers who viewed the job as a form of suicide. In the late afternoon, with light fading, Faith got the column moving again, albeit slowly, until it approached Hill 1221 overlooking the road. One battalion from the PLA 242nd Regiment had set up a strong defensive position on the Hill and a roadblock beneath it to block Faith's retreat. Several units attacked Hill 1221 trying to clear it. As Faith led an assault on the roadblock, he was hit by an enemy grenade and badly wounded.
742:, commander of 1/32, now took command. Reaching the southern position, he consolidated the task force into one defensive perimeter as the Chinese intensified their attacks. With the assistance of Marine Corps air support – expertly coordinated by Captain Stamford and without which the task force would have been overwhelmed – RCT 31 fought off heavy assaults by the PLA 80th and 81st divisions for another two days, inflicting severe losses on the communist forces who left hundreds of bodies in the snow around the army position. During the day Stamford directed 38 sorties, making this the major effort of the 563: 544: 499: 583: 524: 687:. When the tank company reached the south end of the reservoir and moved north past Hagaru-ri, it was stopped by the Chinese roadblock, losing four tanks to enemy fire. The next day, it tried again, this time with scratch infantry support from headquarters and service troops of the 31st Infantry and 57th Field Artillery, but it was again beaten back. This force then returned to the position they had occupied at Hudong, a small, abandoned village north of Hagaru-ri, about 4 miles (6.5 km) south of RCT-31. 679:. Don't let a bunch of Chinese laundry-men stop you." The corps commander then flew back to Hagaru-ri, convinced that RCT-31 was strong enough to begin its attack and deal with whatever "remnants" of CCF forces were in their way. Although large numbers of Chinese troops were seen moving south all day, on the hills east of the task force position, U.S. officers did not change their view of the situation. MacLean still expected reinforcements: his second infantry battalion (2-31) and the 31st Tank Company. 827:
as well as units from Hudong-ni and Hagaru-ri; Tank Company, 31st Infantry, which had been at Hudong-ni and withdrawn on 30 November with other Hudong units, was attached to the 5th Marines as rear guard during the breakout on 6–7 December. The so-called Provisional Battalion (known as "31/7" under Lieutenant Colonel Berry K. Anderson) was actually formed into two small battalions of three rifle companies each, 3/31 (Major Carl Witte) with I, K and L, 1/32 (Major Robert Jones) with companies A, B and C.
341:, the RCT-31 now commanded by Colonel Allan D. Maclean maneuvered 200 miles south over land toward Pusan (Busan); recapturing towns, liberating prisoners, and killing/capturing the remaining North Korean forces. When they reached Pusan, they were tasked with increasing combat effectiveness (training) with emphasis on physical conditioning, mountain warfare, communications and control, coordination of fire and control, and maintenance of equipment. When not training, they were confined to the 511: 847:, rendered ineffective due to one third casualties, near Kunu-ri, also to the west. Casualties for the opposing Chinese 80th and 81st Divisions are not known precisely, but are believed to be extremely heavy. Both divisions were not identified again on the battlefield until early April 1951. Chinese record claims 4,300 killed and seriously wounded. This number does not include the many Chinese soldiers who froze to death due to a lack of winter clothing. 26: 703:
and airstrikes. The weather conditions deteriorated rapidly. The temperature plunged as low as -30 degrees F (-34 C), as heavy snow fell, impeding mobility. Visibility was low and the troops were suffering from the intense cold (several men froze to death in their foxholes). Colonel MacLean decided to pull his lead battalion, the 1/32 Infantry, back into the perimeter of his other units a few miles to the south, to provide a stronger defense.
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dropped their weapons and left once the fighting was over. There were also instances in which the Chinese let go of prisoners who had already surrendered. The 27th Corps was later criticized by PLA historians for not making any serious attempts to gather POW's, thus enabling so many members of Task Force Faith to reach safety and fight again.
675:, flew into the perimeter of RCT-31. Despite all the evidence of massive Chinese intervention, Almond exhorted the soldiers to begin the offensive. "The enemy who is delaying you for the moment is nothing more than remnants of Chinese divisions fleeing north" he told the soldiers, "We're still attacking and we're going all the way to the 646:
In earlier operations, 7th Division units had become widely spread out and isolated from each other in the rugged, mountainous terrain and primitive road network of the region. This made it impossible to assemble a full-strength task force in time, or to effectively coordinate its operations with the
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and proceeded to Suwon. On September 30, they captured the air base along with Hill 92 and Hill 113, suffering 25 KIA and 75 WIA while inflicting 300 Enemy-KIA, capturing 500 POWs, and destroying 14 tanks and 6 anti-tank guns. Colonel Richard P. Ovenshine was relieved of command following the loss of
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The 385 able-bodied survivors of Task Force Faith were formed into a provisional battalion which was attached to the Marines and fought with them in the breakout of the 1st Marine Division during the remainder of the Battle of Chosin Reservoir. This unit was made up of survivors from east of Chosin,
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The Americans were running low on ammunition, and over half their number had been killed or wounded, including a high proportion of key leaders. Faith, realizing he was surrounded and greatly outnumbered, decided to attempt a breakout to the south, toward Marine lines. The situation was so desperate
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The reinforcements did not arrive. The PLA 80th Division reinforced with the 242nd Regiment from the 81st Division, both from the elite PLA 27th Corps, had – unbeknownst to MacLean – completely surrounded the task force, cutting it off from the south, where they established a strong roadblock a few
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The march south was interrupted when the Corsairs mistakenly bombed short, spraying the lead platoons of the task force with napalm, killing and burning troops. The napalm drop had a demoralizing effect on the task force. As the front of RCT-31 made their way against close-range fire, heavy small
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Chinese documents and research by historians Marine Corps Major Parrot and Roy Appleman provided evidence that the RCT-31 had fought bravely and performed well given the circumstances. In recognition of the efforts of the 31st RCT, in 2000 the Navy awarded the task force the Navy Presidential Unit
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2,500 troops trapped by the Chinese north of the roadblock, about 1,500 eventually made it back to American lines, the majority of them wounded or badly frostbitten. Over 1,000 soldiers of Task Force Faith were killed or died in Chinese captivity, about a third of the original strength of RCT-31.
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At this point, darkness closed in, ending the protective Marine air cover. Chinese infantry assaults grew bolder, penetrating closer to the convoy. RCT-31 began to disintegrate. Almost all of its officers were dead or seriously wounded. Separate attacks were made on the hill which cleared part of
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During the night of 28 November, the Chinese again struck the task force, overrunning several positions, again inflicting many casualties. Chinese prisoners indicated the 80th Division and elements of another, likely the 81st. The Chinese attacked 1/32's position, but were destroyed by artillery
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However, during the night, powerful Chinese forces – which had infiltrated the area undetected – made a surprise attack on the task force elements as well as the Marines, inflicting heavy casualties and forcing the postponement, though not the cancellation, of the planned offensive. The following
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RCT-31 reached the PujĹŹn-ho (Fusen) Reservoir on 15 November 1950 and engaged with ~200 Chinese forces which were repulsed with air strikes via a Marine F4U Corsair. After securing the area, they conducted rotating patrols for the next week while enduring an early winter with temperatures reaching
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During the night of 1 December, hundreds of survivors from the task force reached Marine positions south of the reservoir at Hagaru-ri. Several hundred more were rescued the following day by Marine jeep patrols. Some soldiers taken prisoner by the Chinese were released a few hours later. Of the
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Chinese officers and soldiers involved in this battle were new to international conflicts. They had been used to allowing their Chinese Nationalist opponents to survive and surrender after the combat on their own volition. In several instances, Chinese soldiers just stood by as American soldiers
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The Marines – surrounded and under heavy attack – had been unable to give assistance to the Army relief effort. MacLean's expected infantry battalion never made it to the Chosin area at all. MacLean was unaware of this and for some reason he made no effort to establish communications with higher
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The roadblock at the base of the hill was finally removed, and the truck column again crept forward in the dark but was finally halted by another Chinese roadblock just north of Hudong. The U.S. troops and tanks occupying Hudong – who might have saved at least part of the task force – had been
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fighter-bombers, much-needed supplies were dropped by the Air Force Combat Cargo Command. At times, Captain Stamford found himself directing both air drops from cargo planes and close support strikes over the same radio net. The air was filled with cargo planes, chutes, and agile Corsairs.
267:"Task Force Faith" is a nickname coined by a U.S. Army historian in the 1960s, and the unit was not known by that name during the Korean War. Historians have subsequently also referred to RCT-31 as "Task Force Ovenshine" and "Task Force MacLean" to distinguish the various periods of command. 808:). Major Harvey Storms, the last commander of 3/31 Infantry, was also killed. The breakout attempt collapsed and the remaining American rear-guard soldiers abandoned the truck convoy and attempted to escape individually, many crossing onto the ice of the reservoir. 662:, both of which were expected to arrive soon. Basic defensive positions were established, but the Americans, not expecting enemy activity, did not set up a tight perimeter with 360 degree security. Colonel MacLean planned to attack north the following morning. 737:
During this withdrawal, MacLean saw what he thought were his long-awaited reinforcements, but as he approached them they turned out to be Chinese, who shot MacLean several times and took him prisoner; he died four days later. Lieutenant Colonel
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The 31st Regimental Combat Team was established at Camp Crawford, Japan in August 1950 under command of Colonel Richard P. Ovenshine. It initially consisted of the 31st Infantry Regiment, 57th Field Artillery Battalion, and Company C/13th
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it, but many of the leaderless soldiers, instead of returning to the column, continued out onto the frozen reservoir immediately behind the hill and walked on the ice toward Marine positions several miles to the south, seeking safety.
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several officers during the mission. Ovenshine “was awarded the Silver Star for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action against the enemy while serving as Commanding Officer, 31st Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division …”.
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twin-engine fighters which strafed and bombed Chinese positions as the American truck column, encumbered with hundreds of wounded and under constant attack, made its way down a gravel road on the east side of Chosin Reservoir.
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The majority of RCT-31 survivors, suffering from wounds and/or frostbite, were evacuated to hospitals in Japan. 7th Division units comprising the task force were soon reconstituted, going back into battle in February 1951.
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that only a minimum of equipment and sufficient vehicles to carry the wounded were taken, freeing more soldiers to fight as infantry. The rest of the equipment was destroyed in place, including the artillery's
722:, and Hedron-12. At the same time, the PLA 27th Corps committed the 241st Regiment from the 81st Division. Thousands of enemy troops moving south made excellent targets. In addition to the cover afforded by 746:
for the day. From 0645 until 1830 Marine planes attacked the Chinese, dropping 21 napalm tanks, 16 500-lb bombs, 21 fragmentation bombs, and firing 190 rockets. All attacks on the perimeter were repulsed.
417:-2 Â°F. By November 23, 83 soldiers of RCT-31 were treated for frostbite with 33 evacuated. They also conducted a search and rescue operation that successfully located and retrieved a Marine pilot. 650:
Nevertheless, by 27 November RCT-31 had arrived in two separate positions along a 10-mile (16 km) stretch down the east side of the reservoir. Consisting of the 3/31st and 1/32nd infantry
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Of the 1,777 American soldiers of RCT-31 positioned at Chosin Reservoir from 27 Nov–2 Dec 1950, 1,392 were missing in action, either unrecovered killed or prisoners of war, by December 12.
635:, X Corps commander, to provide a regiment-sized force to guard the Marines' east (right) flank, by occupying the east side of the reservoir. This force would also attack north to the 1896: 804:
grenades into vehicles loaded with wounded, setting some of them on fire. Lieutenant-Colonel Faith, hit again by rifle fire, died of his wounds (he was posthumously awarded the
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tanks, 10 500-lb bombs, and 29 fragmentation bombs. This ordnance was delivered from early morning until the last flight left its station at 1705.
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22 miles inland. Over the next few days they studied maps, reports, and plans while rehearsing tactics. They landed at Incheon on September 19 via
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of the 57th Field Artillery Battalion, and one platoon of Battery D, 15th Antiaircraft Battalion, it was short one infantry battalion and a tank
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The units of RCT-31 that were positioned at the Chosin Reservoir from 27 Nov–2 Dec 1950 consisted of 3rd Battalion/31st Infantry, 1st Battalion/
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RCT-31 landed on RiwĹŹn (Iwon) beach on 3 November 1950 at 2:00pm. They were tasked with guarding the left flank of the
378:”. They were to land 360 miles north at Riwŏn (Iwon) beach via another amphibious invasion called Operation Tailboard. 342: 1473: 1444: 1841: 1350: 292:
via rail, then loaded onto transport ships bound for Incheon, Korea. They were the twenty-first ship in the convoy.
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Major General Zhan Danan commanded the PVA 80th and 81st division which led to the destruction of Task Force Faith.
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Finally, 1/32 joined the casualty-ridden 3/31 after 40 Marine aircraft had hit the enemy with some 225 rockets, 18
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headquarters and report his situation using Capt. Edward Stamford's (the Marine air controller) radio.
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where 90-95% of its force was killed, wounded, and/or captured on the eastern side of the reservoir.
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X Corps commander Almond awarded a Silver Star to Col. Allan D. MacLean on Nov. 12, 1950
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ordered back to Hagaru-ri the previous day (an action which remains controversial).
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Sergeant Harold B. Haugland, D/15 AAA Bn. Haugland is listed as missing in action.
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in the mountains toward the PujĹŹn-ho (Fusen) Reservoir while the 17th captured
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All the rest of the day 1/32 moved under cover of Marine and Navy planes from
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Here the Chinese renewed their attack, swarming among the trucks, throwing
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RCT-31 primarily consisted of infantry, artillery, and tank units from the
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Respect and Recognition of the Finest Fighting Unit of this Country
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Executive Officer, Headquarters, 3rd Battalion, 31st Infantry Rgt
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Battery B, 57th Field Artillery Battalion, 7th Infantry Division
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Colonel Allan D. MacLean, Commander RCT-31, posthumously awarded
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Marines on the south and western sides of the Chosin Reservoir.
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RCT-31 was the largest American unit destroyed except for the
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2,500 U.S. soldiers, consisting of elements of two regiments.
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Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment
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Sergeant Charles Garrigus, 1/32 Inf., posthumously awarded.
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into North Korea and attacked United Nations Forces at the
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On 7 September 1950, RCT-31 was transported to the port of
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The breakout began on 1 December, greatly aided by Marine
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United States Army units and formations in the Korean War
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Captain George R. Cody, HMC 31 Inf., posthumously awarded
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Company D, 32nd Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division
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miles north of the Marine base at the ruined village of
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Medical Platoon, 1st Battalion, 32nd Infantry Regiment
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The 7th Infantry Division was ordered by Major General
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afternoon General Almond and his aide, 1st Lieutenant
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1,400 killed and wounded, 300 captured (Chinese claim)
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Battles of the Korean War involving the United States
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Valentine 1820:Soldier Missing from Korean War Identified 1482: 1396:"The Korean War: The Chinese Intervention" 1055:Battery B, 57th Field Artillery Battalion 971:Battery A, 57th Field Artillery Battalion 431:Battle of Chosin Reservoir order of battle 24: 1882:Battles of the Korean War involving China 1831: 625:4,300 killed and wounded (Chinese record) 352:United Nations offensive into North Korea 284:United Nations offensive into South Korea 1459: 1430: 1161:The following soldiers were awarded the 783: 693: 391: 306:While in transit, RCT-31 was briefed on 1271: 1193:Lieutenant Robert G. Schmitt, M/31 Inf. 1184:Major Robert E. Jones, S-3 of 1/32 Inf. 639:, the boundary between North Korea and 1864: 978:Sergeant First Class Rufus L. Ketchum 623:2,000–3,000 killed (American estimate) 608:15,000–20,000, six infantry regiments. 381: 322: 1818:Department of Defense News Release, 1340: 1165:, for actions East of the Reservoir: 295: 1495:. 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Storms 1020:Sergeant Arnold Pitman 364:People's Volunteer Army 333:Throughout October, as 1460:Appleman, Roy (1987). 1431:Appleman, Roy (1987). 1341:Seelinger, Matthew J. 1123:Corporal Asa E. Vance 789: 699: 536:Commanders and leaders 402:17th Infantry Regiment 397: 258:32nd Infantry Regiment 253:(also known as ROKs). 243:31st Infantry Regiment 79:United Nations Command 69:Regimental combat team 1420:on December 30, 2011. 845:2nd Infantry Division 787: 697: 613:Casualties and losses 395: 335:United Nations Forces 239:7th Infantry Division 89:7th Infantry Division 55:7th Infantry Division 1838:Korean War 1950–1953 1682:. November 30, 2018. 841:8th Cavalry Regiment 769:Grumman F7F Tigercat 462:27 Nov – 11 Dec 1950 173:Richard P. Ovenshine 1694:"SGT ARNOLD PITMAN" 1541:. 19 September 2021 1414:"Hill 303 Massacre" 1150:Lieutenant Colonel 744:1st Marine Air Wing 382:Operation Tailboard 339:capture North Korea 323:Liberation of Pusan 141:Operation Tailboard 136:Liberation of Pusan 1539:www.timesunion.com 1353:on March 11, 2007. 1254:Korean War Project 822:Hungnam evacuation 790: 700: 398: 388:Blockade of Wonsan 308:Operation Chromite 296:Operation Chromite 224:United States Army 151:Hungnam Evacuation 120:Operation Chromite 1892:Conflicts in 1950 1844:on March 11, 2007 1813:The Forgotten War 1646:. April 27, 2017. 1592:. April 10, 2013. 1521:Los Angeles Times 1502:978-1-4669-2993-7 1322:. 20 January 2015 1152:Don C. Faith, Jr. 1143: 1142: 1133:2018 NK–US Summit 1112:2018 NK–US Summit 1091:2018 NK–US Summit 629: 628: 568:Don C. 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MacLean 146:Battle of Chosin 28: 16: 15: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1862: 1861: 1855:Valloe, Ray C. 1847: 1845: 1828: 1804:Appleman, Roy. 1801: 1796: 1795: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1584: 1583: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1544: 1542: 1533: 1532: 1528: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1503: 1487: 1483: 1476: 1468:. p. 286. 1458: 1454: 1447: 1439:. p. 289. 1429: 1425: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1339: 1335: 1325: 1323: 1320:armyhistory.org 1314: 1313: 1309: 1300: 1298: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1270: 1261: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1221: 1216: 1203: 1148: 1030:Operation Glory 1009:Operation Glory 927:Operation Glory 880:Date Recovered 866: 857: 833: 824: 818: 782: 753: 668: 624: 619: 600: 580: 572: 560: 559: 553: 541: 523: 521: 510: 508: 507: 498: 496: 482:Chinese victory 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Faith 75:Part of 1065:5 Jan 2015 1044:9 Jan 2017 1023:7 Oct 2014 1002:8 Aug 2018 960:3 Apt 2017 883:Initiative 780:Destruction 724:F4U Corsair 588:Peng Dehuai 517:South Korea 230:during the 124:Capture of 107:Engagements 99:Nickname(s) 1866:Categories 1848:2006-07-15 1799:References 1570:17 October 1545:17 October 1381:2007-01-12 1301:2020-12-10 944:1990–1994 860:Citation. 831:Casualties 720:VMF(N)-513 652:battalions 637:Yalu River 633:Ned Almond 445:Korean War 368:Yalu River 264:soldiers. 232:Korean War 215:Chosin Few 166:commanders 159:Commanders 111:Korean War 984:Sep 2001 864:MIA / POW 767:and Navy 758:howitzers 740:Don Faith 685:Hagaru-ri 656:batteries 605:soldiers. 271:Formation 59:U.S. Army 874:Soldier 594:Strength 467:Location 449:Cold War 443:Part of 290:Yokohama 189:Colonel 183:Colonel 177:Colonel 171:Colonel 115:Cold War 1326:June 4, 716:VMF-312 712:VMF-214 708:VMF-212 660:company 574:† 555:† 211:of the 164:Notable 84:X Corps 41:Country 1499:  1472:  1443:  1146:Honors 855:Legacy 732:napalm 654:, two 603:KATUSA 570:  551:  527:  514:  502:  479:Result 406:Kapsan 262:KATUSA 251:KATUSA 51:Branch 33:Active 1375:(PDF) 1368:(PDF) 1250:(PDF) 1214:Notes 1201:Media 1068:1993 1047:2001 1026:1954 1005:1954 963:2004 902:2004 886:Unit 641:China 530:China 222:is a 1788:DPAA 1770:DPAA 1752:DPAA 1734:DPAA 1716:DPAA 1698:DPAA 1680:DPAA 1662:DPAA 1644:DPAA 1626:DPAA 1608:DPAA 1590:DPAA 1572:2021 1547:2021 1497:ISBN 1470:ISBN 1441:ISBN 1328:2017 677:Yalu 601:700 459:Date 447:and 429:and 203:The 65:Type 345:in 316:LST 1868:: 1836:. 1786:. 1768:. 1750:. 1732:. 1714:. 1696:. 1678:. 1660:. 1642:. 1624:. 1606:. 1588:. 1563:. 1537:. 1519:. 1398:. 1318:. 1294:. 1276:. 1262:^ 1252:. 1222:^ 1158:. 718:, 714:, 710:, 408:. 280:. 113:/ 57:, 1851:. 1790:. 1772:. 1754:. 1736:. 1718:. 1700:. 1664:. 1628:. 1610:. 1574:. 1549:. 1505:. 1478:. 1449:. 1402:. 1384:. 1347:" 1343:" 1330:. 1304:. 1280:. 1256:. 220:, 218:" 213:"

Index


United States
7th Infantry Division
U.S. Army
Regimental combat team
United Nations Command
X Corps
7th Infantry Division
Korean War
Cold War
Operation Chromite
Suwon Air Base
Liberation of Pusan
Operation Tailboard
Battle of Chosin
Hungnam Evacuation
Richard P. Ovenshine
Allan D. MacLean
Don C. Faith
John A. Gavin
"Chosin Few
United States Army
Battle of Chosin Reservoir
Korean War
7th Infantry Division
31st Infantry Regiment
13th Engineer Combat Battalion
KATUSA
32nd Infantry Regiment
KATUSA

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