712:
1025:
43:
1041:
1215:, claims that have been frequently repeated by authors on card divination. However, scholarly research demonstrated that tarot cards were invented in northern Italy in the mid-15th century and confirmed that there is no historical evidence of any significant use of tarot cards for divination until the late 18th century. Historians have described western views of the Tarot pack as "the subject of the most successful propaganda campaign ever launched An entire false history and false interpretation of the Tarot pack was concocted by the occultists and it is all but universally believed."
472:
376:
27:
973:
1156:
1184:
988:
1849:
3766:
3756:
2941:
3787:
584:
1006:
1056:
662:
3776:
2951:
2401:
2525:
1432:, stated of the tarot: "The origin of this pack of cards is very obscure. Some authorities seek to put it back as far as the ancient Egyptian Mysteries; others try to bring it forward as late as the fifteenth or even the sixteenth century ... The only theory of ultimate interest about the tarot is that it is an admirable symbolic picture of the Universe, based on the data of the Holy
894:("Diligence and Fortune") genre art tarock deck of Central Europe uses Roman numerals for the trumps. It is sold with 54 cards; the 5 to 10 of the red suits and the 1 to 6 of the black suits are removed. There are 3 patterns – Types A, B and C – of which Type C has become the standard, whereas Types A and B appear in limited editions or specials.
1396:
Ten numbered cards and four court cards. The court cards are the King, Queen, Knight and Page/Jack, in each of the four tarot suits. The traditional
Italian tarot suits are swords, batons, coins and cups; however, in modern occult tarot decks, the suit of batons is often called wands, rods or staves;
218:
have experienced significant growth in
Austria where international tournaments are held with other nations, especially those from eastern Europe that still play such games, including Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Denmark appears to be the only Scandinavian country that still plays tarot
669:
The original purpose of tarot cards was to play games. A very cursory explanation of rules for a tarot-like deck is given in a manuscript by
Martiano da Tortona before 1425. Vague descriptions of game play or game terminology follow for the next two centuries until the earliest known complete
201:
The use of tarot playing cards was at one time widespread across the whole of Europe except the
British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula. Having fallen into decline by the 20th century, they later experienced a renaissance in some countries and regions. For example,
318:
and they appear to have spread very rapidly across the whole of Europe, as may be seen from the records, mainly of card games being banned. Little is known about the appearance and number of these cards, the only significant information being provided by a text by
753:
omits numeral cards two to five in plain suits, leaving it with 62 cards, and has somewhat different trumps, not all of which are numbered and four of which are equal in rank. It has a different graphical design than the two above as it was not derived from the
1762:
302:
invented in or before the 14th century, which followed the introduction of paper from Asia into
Western Europe. By the late 1300s, Europeans were producing their own cards, the earliest patterns being based on the Mamluk deck but with variations to the
449:
The
Visconti di Mondrone pack, one of the Visconti-Sforza decks, originally had a Dame and a Maid in each suit, in addition to the standard King, Queen, Knight, and Jack. Additionally, the pack includes three trump cards which represent the
327:, who, in addition to other versions, describes the basic pack as containing the still-current 4 suits of 13 cards, the courts usually being the King, Ober and Unter ("marshals"), although Dames and Queens were already known by then.
1085:
From the late 18th century, in addition to producing their own true Tarot packs, the south German states manufactured German-suited packs labeled "Taroc", "Tarock" or "Deutsch-Tarok". These survive as "Schafkopf/Tarock" packs of the
745:
is similar, but replaces the Pope with
Jupiter, the Popess with Juno, and the Angel with the Judgement. The trumps rank in numerical order and the Tower is known as the House of God. The cards are not reversible like the Tarocco
867:. The German states used to produce a variety of 78-card tarot packs using Italian suits, but later switching to French suited cards; some were imported to France. There remain only two French-suited patterns of
558:. Dummett also wrote about a possible fourth lineage that may have existed along the Franco-Italian border. It spread north through France until its last descendant, the Belgian Tarot, went extinct around 1800.
462:
preacher inveighed against the evil inherent in playing cards, chiefly because of their use in gambling, in a sermon in the 15th century, no routine condemnations of tarot were found during its early history.
445:
and the
Boiardo deck had four suits, a fool, and 21 trumps, but none of the trumps match tarot ones. They seem to have been made on the model of tarot decks, but were voluntary departures from an established
677:
The 18th century saw tarot's greatest revival, during which it became one of the most popular card games in Europe, played everywhere except
Ireland and Britain, the Iberian peninsula, and the
437:. In 15th century Italy, the set of cards that was included in tarot packs, including trumps, seems to have been consistent, even if naming and ordering varied. There are two main exceptions:
781:(destitution). It omits the Two and Three of coins, and numerals one to four in clubs, swords and cups: it thus has 64 cards, but the ace of coins is not used, being the bearer of the former
1407:(also known as Paul Christian) and are never used in relation to tarot card games. Some decks exist primarily as artwork, and such art decks sometimes contain only the 22 Major Arcana.
1252:
was the first to produce a bespoke tarot deck specifically designed for occult purposes around 1789. In keeping with the unsubstantiated belief that such cards were derived from the
189:. Depending on the game, the Fool may act as the top trump or may be played to avoid following suit. These tarot cards are still used throughout much of Europe to play conventional
2777:
2747:
1604:
Hellmut
Rosenfeld: Zu den frühesten Spielkarten in der Schweiz. Eine Entgegnung. In: Zeitschrift für schweizerische Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte 32 (1975), pp. 179–180.
839:
French-suited tarot decks are known as the oldest decks used for the Tarot. With the exception of novelty decks, French-suited tarot cards are almost exclusively used for
353:
and suits depicting four kinds of birds. The 16 cards were regarded as "trumps" since, in 1449, Jacopo Antonio Marcello recalled that the now deceased duke had invented a
2767:
2757:
231:
has grown in popularity again in the south German region of Baden. Italy continues to play regionally popular games with their distinctive Tarot packs. These include:
142:. Thus, there are two distinct types of tarot packs in circulation: those used for card games and those used for divination. However, some older patterns, such as the
851:
in the late 1650s. Aside from these early outliers, the first generation of French-suited tarots depicted scenes of animals on the trumps and were thus called "
2433:
1595:
Peter F. Kopp: Die frühesten Spielkarten in der Schweiz. In: Zeitschrift für schweizerische Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte 30 (1973), pp. 130–145, here 130.
1142:, where ace is the highest followed by 10, king, Ober, Unter, then 9 to 6. The heart suit is the default trump suit. The Bavarian pack is also used to play
491:
Because the earliest tarot cards were hand-painted, the number of the decks produced is thought to have been small. It was only after the invention of the
1195:
In English-speaking countries where these games are not widely played, only specially designed cartomantic tarot cards, used primarily for novelty and
643:
are used regionally to indicate that something is fake or forged. This meaning is directly derived from the tarocchi game as played in Italy, in which
726:
Italian-suited decks were first devised in the 15th century in northern Italy. Three decks of this category are still used to play certain games:
153:
that vary by region: French suits are used in western, central and eastern Europe, and Latin suits in southern Europe. Each suit has 14 cards: ten
674:
has survived in Bologna and there are still others played in Piedmont and Sicily, but in Italy the game is generally less popular than elsewhere.
813:. The plain suit cards are copied from the Sardinian pattern designed just ten years earlier by José Martinez de Castro for Clemente Roxas in
685:
experienced another revival, beginning in the 1970s, and France has the strongest tarot gaming community. Regional tarot games—often known as
495:
that mass production of cards became possible. The expansion of tarot outside of Italy, first to France and Switzerland, occurred during the
338:
and Portuguese playing card decks, and are also used in modern (occult) tarot divination cards that first appeared in the late 18th century.
2954:
330:
An early pattern of playing cards used the suits of batons or clubs, coins, swords, and cups. These suits are still used in traditional
2426:
1384:
from I to XXI, while The Fool is the only unnumbered card, sometimes placed at the beginning of the deck as 0, or at the end as XXII.
349:, returned to Milan in 1418, while Martiano himself died in 1425. He described a 60-card deck with 16 cards having images of the
130:
made elaborate, but unsubstantiated, claims about their history and meaning, leading to the emergence of custom decks for use in
2987:
879:, which may reflect the mainstream German cards of the 19th century. Current French-suited tarot decks come in these patterns:
734:
consists of the four suits of swords, batons, cups and coins, each headed by a king, queen, cavalier and jack, followed by the
571:
symbols and the four elements, as well as traditional tarot motifs. The earliest known mention of this game, under the name of
1763:"X.—A Notice of the Ludus Triumphorum and some Early Italian Card Games; with some Remarks on the Origin of the Game of Cards"
1040:
1024:
2383:
2315:
2140:
1581:
777:, which uses Spanish pips but intersects them like Italian pips. Some of the trumps are different such as the lowest trump,
2419:
1222:
comes from an anonymous manuscript from around 1750 which documents rudimentary divinatory meanings for the cards of the
2076:
2054:
1989:
972:
2364:
2342:
2028:
1653:
987:
607:
was used as a synonym for foolishness in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The decks were known exclusively as
1891:
1871:
859:
being German for "animal") appeared around 1740. Around 1800, a greater variety of decks were produced, mostly with
2046:
1155:
774:
738:
for a total of 78 cards. Trump 20 outranks 21 in most games and the Fool is numbered 0 despite not being a trump.
357:, or "a new and exquisite kind of triumphs." Other early decks that also showcased classical motifs include the
3827:
3689:
1263:
In the occult tradition, tarot cards are referred to as "arcana", with the Fool and 21 trumps being termed the
506:
While the set of trumps was generally consistent, their order varied by region, perhaps as early as the 1440s.
1720:
210:
in the 18th century, but took off in the 1950s to such an extent that, in 1973, the French Tarot Association (
3189:
1333:
423:
346:
3822:
3779:
2405:
798:
214:) was formed and French Tarot itself is now the second most popular card game in France. Tarock games like
1546:
1397:
the suit of coins is often called pentacles or disks and the suit of cups is often referred to as goblets.
843:. The earliest French-suited tarot decks were made by the de Poilly family of engravers, beginning with a
114:
roots, tarot-playing cards spread to most of Europe, evolving into a family of games that includes German
3837:
3207:
1341:
3015:
1227:
1005:
2980:
3769:
3400:
3108:
2944:
2660:
2378:. Vol. 2: Tarot Cards for Fun and Fortune Telling (3rd ed.). New York: U.S. Games Systems.
1297:
547:
1199:, are readily available. The early French occultists claimed that tarot cards had esoteric links to
817:
but with the addition of 10s and queens. The trumps are largely copied from an early version of the
711:
345:
and described by Martiano da Tortona, probably between 1418 and 1425 since the painter he mentions,
3667:
3162:
3135:
3126:
1321:
1309:
1305:
1055:
670:
description of rules for a French variant in 1637. The game of tarot has many regional variations.
619:. During the 16th century, a new game played with a standard deck but sharing a very similar name (
3225:
3180:
1349:
1329:
3832:
3817:
3288:
3279:
3243:
3234:
1377:
1373:
1357:
1353:
550:
where it was only a passing fad. By the end of the 16th century, this order became extinct. In
523:
519:
342:
42:
20:
2799:
1013:
885:
33:
3683:
3261:
3252:
3198:
3099:
2973:
2826:
1637:
1415:
1365:
1361:
1325:
1293:
1246:
around 1900, with the result that the Marseilles pattern is now used mostly by cartomancers.
430:
350:
335:
331:
232:
186:
174:
2533:
1161:
1107:
848:
471:
3270:
3171:
2830:
2739:
2701:
2615:
2454:
2352:
1645:
1404:
1369:
1337:
1124:
1095:
543:
375:
324:
170:
2895:
2875:
2450:
26:
8:
3656:
3651:
3060:
2859:
2834:
2218:
Jensen, K. Frank (2010). "A Century with the Waite–Smith Tarot (and all the others...)".
1411:
1235:
1135:
1130:
755:
555:
500:
451:
320:
178:
166:
47:
3216:
3117:
3040:
2996:
2871:
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2756:
2750:
2746:
2575:
2294:
2001:
1997:
1429:
1345:
1301:
1178:
818:
731:
715:
298:. Scholarship has established that the early European cards were probably based on the
182:
143:
135:
3025:
2476:
3705:
3661:
3045:
2916:
2890:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2812:
2780:
2776:
2501:
2379:
2360:
2338:
2311:
2289:
2136:
2072:
2024:
2017:
1782:
1649:
1223:
942:
923:
770:
750:
535:
531:
454:
of Faith, Hope, and Charity, and are not present in any other tarot deck of that era.
1183:
146:, originally intended for playing card games, are occasionally used for cartomancy.
3729:
3673:
3621:
3065:
3020:
3010:
2680:
2675:
2650:
2565:
2442:
2326:
2284:
2220:
2194:
2173:
1918:
1829:
1774:
1695:
1671:
1425:
1272:
656:
632:
442:
358:
103:
60:
3791:
3626:
3601:
3596:
3576:
3455:
3372:
2921:
2804:
2734:
2645:
2641:
2590:
2330:
2050:
1895:
1875:
1724:
1713:
1613:
1550:
1393:(lesser secrets) consists of 56 cards, divided into four suits of 14 cards each;
1111:
1047:
951:
872:
742:
698:
623:) was quickly becoming popular. This coincided with the older game being renamed
588:
507:
459:
411:
370:
299:
278:
82:
1963:
1616:: Kultur- und Kunstgeschichte der Spielkarte. Marburg: Jonas Verlag 1995, p. 43.
181:. In addition, and unlike standard packs, the tarot also has a separate 21-card
3812:
3759:
3631:
3616:
3606:
3586:
3581:
3558:
3538:
3460:
3435:
3430:
3410:
3377:
3352:
3347:
3327:
3144:
2620:
2560:
2168:
1824:
1690:
1666:
1633:
1625:
1381:
1313:
826:
539:
492:
434:
154:
2411:
2255:
1937:
1778:
1191:
cards inspired by the Tarot of Marseilles, but with the author's graphic style
1115:
3806:
3611:
3591:
3571:
3566:
3543:
3518:
3513:
3493:
3465:
3450:
3440:
3420:
3415:
3392:
3382:
3367:
3357:
3337:
3332:
3309:
3035:
2926:
2808:
2770:
2726:
2718:
2298:
2109:
1786:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1200:
1061:
898:
554:, the World was highest, followed by the Angel; this ordering is used in the
295:
283:
102:, used from at least the mid-15th century in various parts of Europe to play
2580:
2104:
1853:
906:– has a 78-card pack. It is commonly used for tarot games in France and for
499:. The most prominent tarot deck version used in these two countries was the
215:
123:
3740:
3548:
3533:
3523:
3503:
3498:
3475:
3445:
3425:
3405:
3362:
3342:
3322:
3317:
3298:
3085:
3075:
2911:
2818:
2710:
2670:
2665:
2636:
2600:
2595:
2555:
2486:
1641:
1390:
1287:
1283:
1268:
1264:
1239:
1188:
1103:
1099:
979:
927:
907:
682:
527:
496:
403:
287:
220:
203:
150:
119:
99:
50:, a standard 18th-century playing card pack, later also used for divination
3698:
3678:
3528:
3508:
3488:
3483:
3070:
3055:
3050:
2879:
2605:
2491:
1888:
1868:
1419:
955:
947:
876:
400:
304:
291:
224:
2043:
1848:
1290:. Their names and numbers vary, but in a typical scheme, the names are:
383:
The first documented tarot decks were recorded between 1440 and 1450 in
3724:
3153:
2822:
2471:
2105:"Historic Cards and Games: The Stuart and Marilyn R. Kaplan Collection"
1317:
1219:
1196:
918:
852:
840:
671:
546:
and the Angel. This group spread mainly to the northeast to Venice and
308:
139:
131:
115:
107:
1560:
697:—are widely played in central Europe within the borders of the former
583:
2885:
2550:
2466:
2133:
Re-Symbolization of the Self: Human Development and Tarot Hermeneutic
1554:
1143:
1139:
1091:
860:
844:
782:
735:
568:
563:
406:
were added to the common four-suit pack. These new decks were called
190:
162:
127:
1278:
The 78-card tarot deck used by esotericists has two distinct parts:
3786:
3030:
2585:
2232:
2149:
1730:
1717:
1249:
1231:
1204:
1119:
822:
810:
661:
620:
515:
419:
392:
207:
1474:
1452:"Diligence and Fortune" is the contemporary meaning of the phrase
938:
packs. Its trumps use Arabic numerals but within centered indices.
414:, which became "trumps" in English. The earliest documentation of
379:
The magician from the Pierpont Morgan Bergamo Visconti-Sforza pack
2570:
2506:
1433:
1212:
1087:
806:
802:
678:
612:
511:
396:
388:
269:
244:
236:
962:, but the Arabic numerals are centred as in the Adler-Cego pack.
591:
tarot deck: Ace of cups, Queen of coins and the Knight of batons
2965:
2610:
2511:
2496:
2481:
2400:
1541:
1403:
The terms "Major Arcana" and "Minor Arcana" were first used by
1208:
931:
864:
814:
429:
The oldest surviving tarot cards are the 15 or so decks of the
248:
240:
2524:
2290:
The Book of Thoth: A Short Essay on the Tarot of the Egyptians
1805:
1094:
pattern. These are not true tarot packs, but standard 36-card
647:
indicates a card that can be played in place of another card.
69:
2655:
914:. Its genre art trumps use Arabic numerals in corner indices.
611:
during the fifteenth century. The new name first appeared in
551:
384:
314:
The first records of playing cards in Europe date to 1367 in
273:
111:
1898:
at Le Tarot Cultural Association. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
1878:
at Le Tarot Cultural Association. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
276:
in northern Italy, with the Fool and 21 trumps (then called
2545:
1410:
The three most common decks used in esoteric tarot are the
1031:
911:
868:
315:
259:
228:
72:
1793:
410:, triumph cards, and the additional cards known simply as
282:) being added to the standard Italian pack of four suits:
2085:
910:
in Denmark. It is also sometimes used in Germany to play
158:
2192:
Dummett, Michael (2003). "Tarot Cartomancy in Bologna".
1742:
1630:
Skeptical—a Handbook of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
418:
is found in a written statement in the court records of
1380:. Cards from The Magician to The World are numbered in
1242:
players abandoned the Marseilles tarot in favor of the
1114:. Until the 1980s there were also Tarock packs in the
433:
painted in the mid-15th century for the rulers of the
2324:
2238:
2155:
1736:
1566:
1480:
934:
It has 54 cards organized in the same fashion as the
542:. In Ferrara, the World was the highest, followed by
2261:
1226:. The popularization of esoteric tarot started with
66:
63:
2016:
1514:
422:, in 1440, regarding the transfer of two decks to
251:are still played locally in parts of Switzerland.
2171:(1989). "Italian Cards: New Discoveries, no. 9".
526:. This group spread mainly southward through the
3804:
2686:(all played with 36-card French or German packs)
2069:Il mondo e l'angelo: i tarocchi e la loro storia
1234:(Etteilla) in Paris during the 1780s, using the
341:A lost tarot-like pack was commissioned by Duke
2441:
2023:(1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1286:(greater secrets) consists of 22 cards without
1256:, Etteilla's tarot contained themes related to
1218:The earliest evidence of a tarot deck used for
785:. The cards are quite small and not reversible.
764:
567:was later used. This deck of 97 cards includes
926:and neighbouring mountain regions such as the
922:– this is an animal tarot that is used in the
801:was produced around 1820 by Giacomo Recchi of
149:Like the common playing cards, tarot has four
2981:
2427:
1994:A History of Games Played with the Tarot Pack
1988:
1811:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
603:, the origin of which is uncertain, although
355:novum quoddam et exquisitum triumphorum genus
2308:Le Tarot, ses règles et toutes ses variantes
1916:: jeux de cartes italiens autours de 1500".
1460:, Cölln am Rhein: Metternich, pp. 72 and 83.
1011:
883:
871:packs - the Cego Adler pack manufactured by
31:
2256:https://www.britannica.com/topic/tarot-game
2135:. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. p. 33.
1669:(1989). "Italian Cards - New Discoveries".
1456:. See, for example, Placardi, Carl (1766).
2988:
2974:
2434:
2420:
1727:at trionfi.com. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
1586:at wopc.co.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
1486:
627:. In modern Italian, the singular term is
196:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2071:. Napoli: Bibliopolis. pp. 406–407.
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
2130:
1907:
1428:, who devised the Thoth deck along with
1182:
710:
660:
582:
470:
374:
260:Playing cards and early tarot-like games
223:being a derivative of historical German
41:
25:
2351:
2283:
2267:
2191:
2167:
2161:
2066:
2014:
1823:
1799:
1748:
1689:
1665:
1509:
821:. At that time, Liguria, Sardinia, and
706:
30:Card player with Austrian tarot cards (
3805:
2373:
2305:
2217:
2206:
2091:
1760:
1693:(2012). "In Search of Tarot Sources".
1577:
1575:
1526:
1520:
1458:Das Kaiserliche Sprach- und Wörterbuch
1080:
834:
792:
773:is the only deck to use the so-called
510:placed them into three categories. In
441:Some late 15th century decks like the
2969:
2415:
2239:Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)
2156:Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)
1737:Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)
1567:Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)
1481:Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)
650:
631:, which, as a noun, is a cultivar of
561:In Florence, an expanded deck called
361:and Boiardo-Viti decks of the 1490s.
479:, a partial uncut sheet of Milanese
364:
3775:
2950:
1572:
1122:ranging from 6 to 10, Under Knave (
399:, when additional trump cards with
13:
2055:International Playing-Card Society
239:and Sicilian Tarocchi in parts of
126:. In the late 18th century French
16:Cards used for games or divination
14:
3849:
2393:
1908:Depaulis, Thierry (2008). "Entre
1118:pattern. There are 36 cards; the
3785:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3755:
3754:
2995:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2745:
2731:
2523:
2399:
2057:website. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
1847:
1154:
1054:
1039:
1023:
1004:
986:
971:
797:The sole surviving example of a
786:
185:suit and a single card known as
59:
2244:
2185:
2124:
2097:
2060:
2037:
2008:
1982:
1956:
1930:
1901:
1881:
1861:
1841:
1817:
1754:
1707:
1683:
1659:
1619:
1446:
1271:, terms not used by players of
3690:The Pictorial Key to the Tarot
3393:Wands, rods, staffs, or staves
2723:
2715:
2297:(reprint ed.). New York:
2277:
2250:Parlett, David. "tarot game".
2019:The Oxford Guide to Card Games
1869:About the etymology of Tarocco
1827:(2015). "1499-1506: Firenze".
1648:, Imagecraft, Canberra, 1989,
1607:
1598:
1589:
1583:Early History of Playing Cards
665:A French tarot game in session
466:
1:
2707:
2044:Tarocco Siciliano, early form
1852:The dictionary definition of
1467:
1172:
1065:
994:
875:and one with genre scenes by
484:
424:Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
212:Fédération Française de Tarot
2927:Trull (Sküs, Mond and Pagat)
1557:. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
1134:), King, and Ace. These use
825:were all territories of the
765:Italo-Portuguese-suited deck
595:The word "tarot" and German
578:
7:
2443:Tarot and Tarock card games
2374:Kaplan, Stuart R. (2003) .
1812:Dummett & McLeod (2004)
1414:(a playing card pack), the
518:, the highest trump is the
264:Tarot cards, then known as
10:
3854:
3310:Coins, disks, or pentacles
1176:
654:
538:but was also known in the
534:, and finally down to the
368:
254:
18:
3750:
3717:
3644:
3557:
3476:Cups, goblets, or vessels
3474:
3391:
3308:
3297:
3084:
3003:
2935:
2904:
2844:
2789:
2694:
2629:
2532:
2521:
2449:
2376:The Encyclopedia of Tarot
2067:Dummett, Michael (1993).
1779:10.1017/S0261340900027636
118:and modern games such as
3016:Antoine Court de Gébelin
2258:. Accessed 26 June 2022.
1894:25 February 2021 at the
1874:24 February 2021 at the
1723:24 February 2021 at the
1718:Studies on Giusto Giusti
1549:29 November 2019 at the
1439:
1146:by excluding the Sixes.
993:Salzburg veduta trumps,
958:similar to those of the
599:derive from the Italian
206:was largely confined to
2538:(Fool as highest trump)
2306:Daynes, Daniel (2000).
2252:Encyclopedia Britannica
2131:Semetsky, Inna (2011).
2015:Parlett, David (1990).
1992:; McLeod, John (2004).
1761:Steele, Robert (1900).
1543:Card Games: Tarot Games
1267:and the suit cards the
699:Austro-Hungarian empire
197:Geographic distribution
157:numbering from one (or
2955:WikiProject Card Games
2335:A Wicked Pack of Cards
1232:Jean-Baptiste Alliette
1192:
1012:
884:
775:Portuguese suit system
723:
666:
592:
503:, of Milanese origin.
488:
380:
343:Filippo Maria Visconti
51:
39:
32:
21:Tarot (disambiguation)
3828:Christian iconography
3668:Salvador Dali's Tarot
2827:Bavarian Animal Tarot
2359:. London: Duckworth.
2337:. London: Duckworth.
1679:(1, 2): 28–32, 33–38.
1186:
714:
664:
586:
474:
431:Visconti-Sforza Tarot
378:
45:
29:
2831:Belgian Animal Tarot
2616:Viennese Grosstarock
2515:(hybrid type II/III)
2408:at Wikimedia Commons
2049:1 March 2021 at the
1405:Jean-Baptiste Pitois
707:Italian-suited decks
347:Michelino da Besozzo
325:Freiburg im Breisgau
300:Egyptian Mamluk deck
268:, first appeared in
19:For other uses, see
3823:Italian Renaissance
3792:Religion portal
3770:Card games category
3071:Arthur Edward Waite
3061:Pamela Colman Smith
2835:Danish Animal Tarot
2800:Industrie und Glück
2459:(Fool as an excuse)
2094:, pp. 355–358.
1454:Industrie und Glück
1412:Tarot of Marseilles
1236:Tarot of Marseilles
1096:German-suited decks
1081:German Tarock cards
1014:Industrie und Glück
936:Industrie und Glück
892:Industrie und Glück
886:Industrie und Glück
835:French-suited decks
799:Spanish-suited deck
793:Spanish-suited deck
756:Tarot of Marseilles
587:Three cards from a
556:Tarot of Marseilles
501:Tarot of Marseilles
452:theological virtues
321:John of Rheinfelden
161:) to ten; and four
48:Tarot de Marseilles
34:Industrie und Glück
3838:Italian inventions
3780:WikiProject Occult
3118:The High Priestess
3041:Lady Frieda Harris
2681:Württemberg Tarock
2576:Illustrated Tarock
2295:Lady Frieda Harris
2002:Edwin Mellen Press
1998:Lewiston, New York
1802:, p. 387–417.
1569:, pp. 28, 31.
1430:Lady Frieda Harris
1302:The High Priestess
1193:
1179:Tarot card reading
1162:Württemberg Tarock
1108:Württemberg Tarock
924:Upper Rhine valley
902:– also called the
849:François de Poilly
819:Tarocco Piemontese
732:Tarocco Piemontese
724:
716:Tarocco Piemontese
667:
651:Playing card decks
593:
522:, followed by the
489:
381:
144:Tarot de Marseille
136:tarot card reading
52:
40:
3800:
3799:
3706:The Book of Thoth
3640:
3639:
2963:
2962:
2917:Trick-taking game
2896:Tarot de Besançon
2864:Cartes de Suisses
2813:Black Forest Cego
2404:Media related to
2385:978-0-913866-36-8
2357:The Game of Tarot
2327:Depaulis, Thierry
2317:978-2-85182-622-0
2293:. Illustrated by
2285:Crowley, Aleister
2254:, 9 August 2012,
2142:978-94-6091-421-8
2004:. pp. 17–21.
1416:Rider–Waite Tarot
1224:Tarocco Bolognese
809:and destined for
771:Tarocco Siciliano
751:Tarocco Bolognese
575:, dates to 1506.
536:Kingdom of Sicily
532:Kingdom of Naples
365:Early tarot decks
80:, first known as
3845:
3790:
3789:
3778:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3730:Hermetic Qabalah
3559:Swords or blades
3306:
3305:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3190:Wheel of Fortune
3187:
3178:
3169:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3066:Valentin Tomberg
3021:Aleister Crowley
3011:Paul Foster Case
2990:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2953:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2905:Related articles
2848:
2793:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2749:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2687:
2566:Hungarian Tarokk
2539:
2527:
2516:
2460:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2389:
2370:
2353:Dummett, Michael
2348:
2331:Dummett, Micheal
2325:Decker, Ronald;
2321:
2302:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2221:The Playing-Card
2215:
2204:
2203:
2195:The Playing-Card
2189:
2183:
2182:
2174:The Playing-Card
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2064:
2058:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1990:Dummett, Michael
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1919:The Playing-Card
1905:
1899:
1887:Vitali, Andrea.
1885:
1879:
1867:Vitali, Andrea.
1865:
1859:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1830:The Playing-Card
1821:
1815:
1814:, p. 13–16.
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1758:
1752:
1751:, p. 76-77.
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1696:The Playing-Card
1687:
1681:
1680:
1672:The Playing-Card
1663:
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1524:
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1512:
1507:
1484:
1478:
1461:
1450:
1426:Aleister Crowley
1334:Wheel of Fortune
1273:tarot card games
1158:
1070:
1067:
1058:
1043:
1027:
1017:
1008:
999:
996:
990:
975:
889:
657:Tarot card games
635:. The attribute
486:
443:Sola Busca tarot
408:carte da trionfi
79:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
37:
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3796:
3784:
3746:
3713:
3636:
3553:
3470:
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3284:
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3167:
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3149:
3140:
3131:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3088:
3080:
3026:Gérard Encausse
2999:
2994:
2964:
2959:
2931:
2900:
2846:
2840:
2805:Bourgeois Tarot
2791:
2785:
2690:
2685:
2642:Bavarian Tarock
2625:
2591:Neunzehnerrufen
2537:
2536:
2528:
2519:
2514:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2440:
2396:
2386:
2367:
2345:
2318:
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2275:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2216:
2207:
2190:
2186:
2169:Pratesi, Franco
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2065:
2061:
2051:Wayback Machine
2042:
2038:
2031:
2013:
2009:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1968:www.treccani.it
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1942:www.treccani.it
1936:
1935:
1931:
1906:
1902:
1896:Wayback Machine
1886:
1882:
1876:Wayback Machine
1866:
1862:
1846:
1842:
1825:Pratesi, Franco
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1725:Wayback Machine
1714:Pratesi, Franco
1712:
1708:
1691:Pratesi, Franco
1688:
1684:
1667:Pratesi, Franco
1664:
1660:
1624:
1620:
1614:Detlef Hoffmann
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1551:Wayback Machine
1540:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1187:Deck of the 22
1181:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1136:ace–ten ranking
1128:), Over Knave (
1112:Bavarian Tarock
1098:for games like
1083:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1048:Bourgeois Tarot
1044:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1009:
1000:
997:
991:
982:
976:
952:Bourgeois Tarot
946:- this pack by
904:Tarot Bourgeois
873:ASS Altenburger
837:
795:
767:
743:Swiss 1JJ Tarot
709:
679:Ottoman Balkans
659:
653:
615:around 1502 as
589:Visconti-Sforza
581:
540:Savoyard states
508:Michael Dummett
469:
373:
371:Trionfi (cards)
367:
262:
257:
199:
179:Jack/Knave/Page
98:) is a pack of
62:
58:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3851:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3782:
3772:
3762:
3760:Tarot category
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3255:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3208:The Hanged Man
3201:
3192:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3145:The Hierophant
3138:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3089:numbered cards
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2816:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2792:(French suits)
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2763:
2753:
2743:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2621:Zwanzigerrufen
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2561:Galician Tarok
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2504:
2502:Taroc l'Hombre
2499:
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2484:
2479:
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2463:
2461:
2447:
2446:
2439:
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2395:
2394:External links
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2349:
2343:
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2316:
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2279:
2276:
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2272:
2268:Crowley (1969)
2260:
2243:
2231:
2205:
2184:
2160:
2148:
2141:
2123:
2096:
2084:
2078:978-8870882728
2077:
2059:
2036:
2029:
2007:
1981:
1955:
1929:
1900:
1880:
1860:
1840:
1816:
1804:
1800:Dummett (1980)
1792:
1773:(1): 185–200.
1753:
1749:Dummett (1980)
1741:
1729:
1706:
1682:
1658:
1634:Donald Laycock
1626:Donald Laycock
1618:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1571:
1559:
1525:
1513:
1510:Dummett (1980)
1485:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:Roman numerals
1342:The Hanged Man
1314:The Hierophant
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1160:
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1150:
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1148:
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963:
939:
915:
895:
836:
833:
827:Savoyard state
794:
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759:
747:
739:
708:
705:
655:Main article:
652:
649:
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493:printing press
468:
465:
456:
455:
447:
435:Duchy of Milan
369:Main article:
366:
363:
261:
258:
256:
253:
227:. The game of
198:
195:
46:Trumps of the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3850:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3833:Magic symbols
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3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Playing cards
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3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3283:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3256:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3229:
3227:
3220:
3218:
3211:
3209:
3202:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3175:
3173:
3166:
3164:
3157:
3155:
3148:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3130:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Manly P. Hall
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2956:
2948:
2946:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2868:Flemish Tarot
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2847:(Latin suits)
2843:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2809:Tarot Nouveau
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:Related games
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2366:0-7156-1014-7
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2344:0-7156-2713-9
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:. Bornemann.
2309:
2304:
2300:
2299:Samuel Weiser
2296:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2241:, p. 38.
2240:
2235:
2228:(3): 217–222.
2227:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2181:(4): 136–145.
2180:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2158:, p. 27.
2157:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2092:Kaplan (2003)
2088:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2030:0-19-214165-1
2026:
2021:
2020:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:Taroch - 1494
1884:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1858:at Wiktionary
1857:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1739:, p. 25.
1738:
1733:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1654:0-7316-5794-2
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1522:
1521:Daynes (2000)
1517:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1483:, p. ix.
1482:
1477:
1473:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1258:ancient Egypt
1255:
1254:Book of Thoth
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:Tarot Nouveau
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:Antoine Court
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:ancient Egypt
1198:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1078:
1063:
1062:Tarot Nouveau
1057:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1018:Tarock trumps
1016:
1015:
1007:
1002:
989:
984:
981:
978:18th century
974:
969:
968:
961:
960:Tarot Nouveau
957:
954:type and has
953:
949:
945:
944:
940:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
920:
916:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:
899:Tarot Nouveau
896:
893:
888:
887:
882:
881:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
832:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
790:
788:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
762:
757:
752:
748:
744:
740:
737:
733:
729:
728:
727:
721:
717:
713:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
663:
658:
648:
646:
642:
639:and the verb
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
585:
576:
574:
570:
566:
565:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
482:
478:
473:
464:
461:
453:
448:
444:
440:
439:
438:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:illustrations
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
377:
372:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
328:
326:
323:in 1377 from
322:
317:
312:
310:
306:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
267:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
209:
205:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:and Austrian
121:
117:
113:
110:. From their
109:
105:
101:
100:playing cards
97:
96:
91:
90:
86:and later as
85:
84:
77:
56:
49:
44:
36:
35:
28:
22:
3741:Tarot Garden
3739:
3734:
3704:
3697:
3688:
3666:
3299:Minor Arcana
3109:The Magician
3086:Major Arcana
3076:Oswald Wirth
3046:Éliphas Lévi
2997:Occult tarot
2912:Playing card
2819:Animal tarot
2671:Six-bid solo
2666:German Tarok
2646:Haferltarock
2637:Bauerntarock
2601:Strohmandeln
2596:Point Tarock
2556:Dreiertarock
2487:French Tarot
2477:Danish Tarok
2375:
2356:
2334:
2307:
2288:
2270:, p. 5.
2263:
2251:
2246:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2163:
2151:
2132:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2108:
2099:
2087:
2068:
2062:
2039:
2018:
2010:
1993:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1970:(in Italian)
1967:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1944:(in Italian)
1941:
1932:
1926:(2): 89–102.
1923:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1883:
1863:
1854:
1843:
1834:
1828:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1770:
1767:Archaeologia
1766:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1709:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1661:
1642:Colin Groves
1638:David Vernon
1629:
1621:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1562:
1542:
1523:, p. 6.
1516:
1476:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1424:
1409:
1402:
1391:Minor Arcana
1298:The Magician
1284:Major Arcana
1277:
1269:Minor Arcana
1265:Major Arcana
1262:
1248:
1240:French tarot
1217:
1207:, the Indic
1194:
1189:Major Arcana
1129:
1123:
1104:Bauerntarock
1100:German Tarok
1084:
1077:
980:Animal Tarot
959:
956:genre scenes
941:
935:
928:Black Forest
917:
908:Danish Tarok
903:
897:
891:
856:
838:
831:
796:
789:
778:
768:
761:
725:
719:
703:
694:
690:
686:
683:French tarot
676:
668:
644:
640:
636:
633:blood orange
628:
624:
616:
608:
604:
600:
596:
594:
572:
569:astrological
562:
560:
528:Papal States
505:
497:Italian Wars
490:
480:
476:
457:
428:
415:
407:
382:
354:
340:
329:
313:
305:suit symbols
277:
265:
263:
243:. Meanwhile
221:Danish Tarok
211:
204:French Tarot
200:
148:
120:French Tarot
94:
93:
88:
87:
81:
54:
53:
3699:Thoth Tarot
3684:Rider–Waite
3662:Motherpeace
3163:The Chariot
3136:The Emperor
3127:The Empress
3056:Mouni Sadhu
3051:G. O. Mebes
2606:Tapp Tarock
2492:Grosstarock
2406:Tarot cards
2278:Works cited
2202:(2): 79–88.
2116:3 September
1974:9 September
1964:"Taroccare"
1948:9 September
1914:barzelletta
1837:(1): 61–71.
1646:Simon Brown
1420:Thoth Tarot
1322:The Chariot
1310:The Emperor
1306:The Empress
1116:Württemberg
1069: 1910
998: 1840
948:F.X. Schmid
943:Schmid-Cego
877:F.X. Schmid
746:Piemontese.
467:Propagation
458:Although a
401:allegorical
309:court cards
225:Grosstarock
3807:Categories
3725:Cartomancy
3674:Sola Busca
3657:Marseilles
3302:suit cards
3226:Temperance
3181:The Hermit
3154:The Lovers
3004:Occultists
2872:Piemontese
2860:Marseilles
2823:Adler Cego
2581:Königrufen
2472:Tarocchini
2110:Christie's
1468:References
1418:, and the
1350:Temperance
1330:The Hermit
1318:The Lovers
1220:cartomancy
1197:divination
1173:Cartomancy
1092:Franconian
950:is of the
919:Adler-Cego
853:Tiertarock
841:card games
672:Tarocchini
477:Cary sheet
359:Sola-Busca
351:Roman gods
216:Königrufen
191:card games
163:face cards
140:cartomancy
132:divination
128:occultists
124:Königrufen
116:Grosstarok
108:Tarocchini
104:card games
3679:Swiss 1JJ
3289:The World
3280:Judgement
3244:The Tower
3235:The Devil
3195:XI (VIII)
3168:VIII (XI)
2891:Siciliano
2886:Minchiate
2855:Bolognese
2551:Dreierles
2467:Minchiate
2287:(1969) .
1938:"Tarocco"
1787:2051-3186
1703:(2): 100.
1555:pagat.com
1378:The World
1374:Judgement
1358:The Tower
1354:The Devil
1144:Schafkopf
1140:klaverjas
1120:pip cards
861:genre art
845:Minchiate
783:stamp tax
736:pip cards
641:Taroccare
579:Etymology
564:Minchiate
460:Dominican
446:standard.
233:Ottocento
155:pip cards
106:such as
3652:B.O.T.A.
3262:The Moon
3253:The Star
3199:Strength
3100:The Fool
3031:Etteilla
2945:Category
2876:Besançon
2735:Diamonds
2586:Kosakeln
2534:Type III
2355:(1980).
2333:(1996).
2047:Archived
1892:Archived
1872:Archived
1721:Archived
1547:Archived
1366:The Moon
1362:The Star
1326:Strength
1294:The Fool
1250:Etteilla
1205:Kabbalah
1088:Bavarian
847:deck by
823:Piedmont
811:Sardinia
625:tarocchi
601:Tarocchi
516:Florence
481:tarocchi
420:Florence
393:Florence
266:tarocchi
208:Provence
187:the Fool
89:tarocchi
38:pattern)
3718:Related
3271:The Sun
3172:Justice
2922:Trionfi
2837:, etc.)
2571:Husarln
2507:Troccas
2053:at the
1656:, p. 67
1434:Qabalah
1370:The Sun
1338:Justice
1213:I Ching
1138:, like
1064:trumps
930:or the
807:Liguria
803:Oneglia
779:Miseria
645:tarocco
637:Tarocco
629:Tarocco
621:Trionfa
617:Tarocho
613:Brescia
609:Trionfi
573:germini
544:Justice
512:Bologna
416:trionfi
412:trionfi
397:Bologna
389:Ferrara
336:Spanish
332:Italian
279:trionfi
270:Ferrara
255:History
245:Troccas
237:Bologna
219:games,
112:Italian
95:tarocks
83:trionfi
3622:Knight
3539:Knight
3456:Knight
3373:Knight
3287:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3251:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3098:
2845:Packs
2790:Packs
2771:Hearts
2761:Leaves
2751:Acorns
2740:German
2727:Hearts
2719:Spades
2702:French
2611:Troggu
2512:Troggu
2497:Scarto
2482:Droggn
2451:Type I
2382:
2363:
2341:
2314:
2139:
2075:
2027:
1785:
1652:
1376:, and
1209:Tantra
1034:trumps
1030:Adler
932:Vosges
890:– the
865:veduta
815:Madrid
718:: the
695:tarokk
687:tarock
605:taroch
597:Tarock
548:Trento
530:, the
296:swords
284:batons
249:Troggu
241:Sicily
177:, and
175:Knight
3813:Tarot
3735:Tarot
3645:Decks
3627:Queen
3602:Eight
3597:Seven
3577:Three
3544:Queen
3519:Eight
3514:Seven
3494:Three
3461:Queen
3436:Eight
3431:Seven
3411:Three
3378:Queen
3353:Eight
3348:Seven
3328:Three
3258:XVIII
3217:Death
2880:Swiss
2781:Bells
2711:Clubs
2695:Suits
2656:Dobbm
1910:farsa
1855:tarot
1632:, ed
1440:Notes
1346:Death
1288:suits
1211:, or
1164:cards
1125:Unter
1046:Cego
693:, or
691:tarok
552:Milan
524:World
520:Angel
385:Milan
288:coins
274:Milan
183:trump
171:Queen
151:suits
55:Tarot
3632:King
3617:Page
3607:Nine
3587:Five
3582:Four
3549:King
3534:Page
3524:Nine
3504:Five
3499:Four
3466:King
3451:Page
3441:Nine
3421:Five
3416:Four
3383:King
3368:Page
3358:Nine
3338:Five
3333:Four
3249:XVII
3213:XIII
2676:Tapp
2661:Frog
2651:Dapp
2546:Cego
2380:ISBN
2361:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2312:ISBN
2137:ISBN
2118:2023
2073:ISBN
2025:ISBN
1976:2020
1950:2020
1783:ISSN
1650:ISBN
1389:The
1282:The
1230:and
1131:Ober
1110:and
1090:and
1032:Cego
912:Cego
869:Cego
857:Tier
769:The
749:The
741:The
730:The
722:card
720:Fool
514:and
487:1500
475:The
395:and
316:Bern
307:and
294:and
292:cups
272:and
247:and
229:Cego
167:King
138:and
134:via
3612:Ten
3592:Six
3572:Two
3567:Ace
3529:Ten
3509:Six
3489:Two
3484:Ace
3446:Ten
3426:Six
3406:Two
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