Knowledge

31: 1208::וּפְלַח וְצַלִּי אַבְרָהָם תַּמָּן בְּאַתְרָא הַהוּא. אֲמַר קֳדָם יי' הָכָא יְהוֹן פָּלְחִין דָּרַיָּא. בְּכֵין יִתְאֲמַר בְּיוֹמָא הָדֵין בְּטוּרָא הָדֵין אַבְרָהָם קֳדָם יי' פְּלַח, in Hebrew characters) "And Abraham worshiped and prayed there in that place, and said before God, 'Here shall coming generations worship the Lord.' Wherefore, it shall be said on that day, 'In this mountain Abraham worshiped before God'."], instead of "And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovah-jireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the Lord it shall be seen." 1195:: הָא יְהַבִית אֶלֶף סִלְעִין דִּכְסַף לַאֲחוּיִיךְ הָא הוּא לִיךְ כְּסוּת דִּיקָר חֲלָף דִּשְׁלַחִית דְּבַרְתִּיךְ וַחֲזֵית יָתִיךְ וְיָת כָּל דְּעִמִּיךְ וְעַל כָּל מָא דַּאֲמַרְתְּ אִתּוֹכָחְתְּ, in Hebrew characters) and having controlled you; and for my having seen you and everything that is with you, and how that you have been proven in all the things you have spoken"], instead of "I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver: behold, he is to you a covering of the eyes, unto all that are with you, and with all other: thus she was reproved." 2414:‎, to instruct that it was not really noon time, but at its end, when he eats during the time of the meal at evening. The proof of which is had at what David said, may peace be upon him, 'Evening and morning and at noon I utter my complaint and moan, and he hears my voice' (Ps. 55:17), which is actually during the Afternoon Prayer. Moreover, the Sages have already said that that time is when there is but left in the day an hour and a half . This, then, is the matter, `for these men shall dine with me 76: 54: 2310: 2351:, however, is a Hebrew homonym, having multiple meanings. It can mean either God, angels, judges, potentates (in the sense of "rulers" or "princes"), nobles, and gods (in the lower case). In most English translations of Genesis 3:5 it is rendered as "gods" (in the lower case), and which, according to Onkelos, is a mistranslation and should be translated as "potentates." 1364:: בְּרִיךְ יי' דְּשֵׁיזֵיב יָתְכוֹן מִיְּדָא דְּמִצְרָאֵי וּמִיְּדָא דְּפַרְעֹה, דְּשֵׁיזֵיב יָת עַמָּא מִתְּחוֹת מַרְוַת מִצְרָאֵי, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...Blessed be the Lord, who has delivered you out of the hand of Egypt, and out of the hand of Pharaoh, who has delivered the people from under the hand of Egypt." 1455:: וּמַלֵּילַת מִרְיָם וְאַהֲרֹן בְּמֹשֶׁה עַל עֵיסַק אִתְּתָא שַׁפִּירְתָא דִּנְסֵיב אֲרֵי אִתְּתָא שַׁפִּירְתָא דִּנְסֵיב רַחֵיק, in Hebrew characters), , for the beautiful woman whom he had taken he had distanced (from himself)."], instead of "...spoke out against Moses concerning the Ethiopian woman whom he had married, etc." 2535: 2493: 862: 867: 1045:. However, where there are found difficult biblical passages, Onkelos seeks to minimize ambiguities and obscurities. He sometimes employs non-literal aggadic interpretations or expansions in his translated text, usually in those places where the original Hebrew is marked either by a Hebrew 858: 1390:: אֲרֵי תִחְזֵי חֲמָרָא דְּסָנְאָךְ רְבִיַע תְּחוֹת טוּעְנֵיהּ וְתִתְמְנַע מִלְּמִשְׁקַל לֵיהּ מִשְׁבָּק תִּשְׁבּוֹק מָא דִּבְלִבָּךְ עֲלוֹהִי וּתְפָרֵיק עִמֵּיהּ, in Hebrew characters) with him."], instead of "...and you would forbear to help him, you shall surely help with him." 1060: 1169:: וּנְפַק קַיִן מִן קֳדָם יי' וִיתֵיב בַּאֲרַע גָּלֵי וּמְטֻלְטַל דַּהֲוָת חֲשִׁיבָא עֲלוֹהִי מִלְּקַדְמִין כְּגִנְּתָא דְּעֵדֶן, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "Cain went out from the presence of the Lord, and dwelt in the land of Nod to the east of Eden." 995:, along with others, reading in tandem, during which reading each verse is repeated twice; once by the reader himself, followed by a repetition of the same verse by the entire group, and lastly by the initial reader himself who cites the Aramaic Targum of 1416:: וְעַל שָׂפָם כַּאֲבִילָא יִתְעַטַּף וְלָא תִסְתָּאֲבוּ וְלָא תִסְתָּאֲבוּ יִקְרֵי, in Hebrew characters) let one cry Be not defiled ! Be not defiled!"], instead of "...and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean." 1299:: שִׁלְטוֹן יְהֵי בְשֵׁירוּיָא וּבְסוֹפָא יִתְרַבַּא מַלְכָּא מִדְּבֵית יְהוּדָה, in Hebrew characters) governor he shall be in the beginning, but in the end he shall be anointed king from the House of Judah"], instead of "Judah is a lion's cub" 1716:. There, he writes: "Aḳilas, Aquila, the alleged translator of the Bible into Greek, frequ. surnamed הַגֵּר, the proselyte, and identified with אונקלוס." Others who hold that Aquilas and Onkelos are names representing the same individual are 1507:: לָא תְהֵי אִתְּתָא מִבְּנָת יִשְׂרָאֵל לִגְבַר עֶבֶד וְלָא יִסַּב גּוּבְרָא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִתָּא אָמָא, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel." 2455: 2177:, (lit. "two scriptural verses and one from the Targum"), i.e. reading aloud its verses along with its designated Aramaic translation, known as the Targum. Beyond this, Rabbi Joseph Karo does not say how this should be done. 1429:: בְּדִיל דְּיִדְּעוּן דָּרֵיכוֹן אֲרֵי בִּמְטַלַּת עֲנָנִי אוֹתֵיבִית יָת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, etc." 1614: : based on old manuscripts and printed texts / Edited by Alexander Sperber. Leiden : Brill, 1959 (Hebrew). (Link to Otzar ha-hokhmah, available to subscribers). This is a critical edition of the Targum. 792:, the Greek translation was made by Aquilas before he converted to Judaism, while the Aramaic translation was made after his conversion. This is said to have been under the direct guidance and instruction of the 1481:: וְתַעֲלִנַּהּ לְגוֹ בֵיתָךְ וּתְגַלַּח יָת רֵישַׁהּ וּתְרַבֵּי יָת טוּפְרַהָא, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "and you shall bring her home to your house, and she shall shave her head and pare her nails." 1961:§ 161), he writes: "And when he reads , a translator must respond , and they are to adjust the tone of their voices together . But if the translator cannot raise his voice, let the reader lower his own voice." 967: 1156:: הוּא יְהִי דְּכִיר מָה דַּעֲבַדְתְּ לֵיהּ מִלְּקדְמִין וְאַתּ תְּהֵי נָטַר לֵיהּ לְסוֹפָא, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel." 868: 924:). The custom to read the Aramaic Targum each Sabbath day in the synagogue during the weekly Torah lection was eventually abandoned by other communities, and eventually codified in the 1468:: אֲרֵי לָא כֶאֱנָשָׁא אִילָן חַקְלָא לְמֵיעַל מִן קֳדָמָךְ בִּצְיָרָא, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...for the tree of the field is man's life to employ them in the siege." 840: 1561: 977:, and which the codifiers of Jewish law have ruled as Halacha: "A person should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the 1312:: וַחֲזָא חוּלָקָא אֲרֵי טָב וְיָת אַרְעֵיהּ אֲרֵי מַעְבְּדָא פֵירִין, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant" 1325:: וְקָם מַלְכָּא חֲדַתָּא עַל מִצְרָיִם דְּלָא מְקַיּיֵם גְּזֵירַת יוֹסֵף, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "And there arose a new king in Egypt who knew not Joseph." 1103: 1338:: וַאֲמַרַת בִּדְמָא דִּמְהוּלְתָּא הָדֵין אִתְיְהֵב חַתְנָא לַנָא, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...and she said, 'Surely a bloody husband are you to me'." 1286:: וַחֲזָא יָת עֶגְלָתָא וכו' וּשְׁרָת רוּחַ קוּדְשָׁא עַל יַעֲקֹב אֲבוּהוֹן, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "...the spirit of Jacob their father revived." 1442:: קְהָלָא קְיָמָא חַד לְכוֹן וּלְגִיּוֹרַיָּא דְּיִתְגַּיְּירוּן, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...and also for the stranger that sojourns with you." 1234::עֲלַי אִתְאֲמַר בִּנְבוּאָה דְּלָא יֵיתוֹן לְוָטַיָּא עֲלָך בְּרִי, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "...'Let your curse be on me, my son, etc." 2599: 2229: 2074: 904: 1351:: וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נָפְקִין בְּרֵישׁ גְּלֵי, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...and the children of Israel went out with an high hand." 1247::וְקַיֵּים יעֲקֹב בִּדְדָּחֵיל לֵיהּ אֲבוּהִי יִצחָק, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "...and Jacob sware by the fear of his father Isaac." 1221::וְיַעֲקֹב גְּבַר שְׁלִים מְשַַׁמֵּישׁ בֵּית אוּלְפָנָא, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "...and Jacob was a plain man, dwelling in tents." 780: 706: 749:, accepted as an authoritative translated text of the Five Books of Moses and thought to have been written in the early second century CE. 2554: 1520::יֵיחֵי רְאוּבֵן בְּחַיֵי עָלְמָא וּמוֹתָא תִּנְיָנָא לָא יְמוּת, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "Let Reuben live, and not die, etc." 1494::לָא יְהֵי תִּקּוּן זֵין דִּגְבַר עַל אִתָּא, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "A woman shall not wear that which pertains unto a man." 1260:: וַאֲמַר זַכָּאָה, מִנִּי מְעַדְּיָא, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...and he said, 'She has been more righteous than I', etc." 1273:: אֲרֵי עִמִּי אָכְלִין גּוּבְרַיָּא בְּשֵׁירוּתָא, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "...for these men shall dine with me at noon." 1182:: וְהוּא מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִלָּוֵיהוֹן תְּחוֹת אִילָנָא, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...and he stood by them under the tree, etc." 306: 1884: 1089:. He often updates the names of biblical nations, coinage and historical sites to the names known in his own post-biblical era. 2435: 854: 30: 1403:: לָא תֵיכְלוּן בְּשַׂר בַּחֲלַב, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...You shall not seethe a kid in its mother's milk." 937: 203: 1117:: וְאַרְעָא הֲוָת צָדְיָא וְרֵיקָנְיָא, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "...and the earth was without form and void." 2536: 2109: 1988: 727: 699: 2249: 2619: 1100:'s opinions. Some authors suggest that Akiva provided for a revised text of the essential base of Targum Onkelos. 1006: 301: 296: 2385: 1611: 1081: 17: 983: 822:: The translation of the Torah was composed by Onkelos the convert based on Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua. 495: 2594: 692: 1587: 1547: 934:§145:3) who did not encourage its practice, saying that they do not understand the meaning of its words. 2609: 1825: 254: 198: 1130:: הות באדם לְרוּחַ מְמַלְלָא, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "...and man became a living soul." 520: 429: 2324: 2295: 2271: 1655: 1641: 391: 291: 2559: 1858: 2567: 2495: 2319: 1899: 1866: 608: 1143:: וּתְהוֹן כְּרַבְרְבִין, in Hebrew characters), , instead of "...and you shall be like gods." 1073:, and "The Lord came down upon Mount Sinai" by "The Lord manifested himself upon Mount Sinai" 57: 2527: 1784: 1536: 1078: 789: 336: 1377:: דַּיָּינָא לָא תַקִיל, in Hebrew characters) , instead of "You shall not revile the gods." 2523: 1030: 800: 774: 490: 411: 2169: 8: 2604: 2378: 2294:. Translated by Michael Friedländer (2nd ed.). New York: Dover Publishers. pp.  2289: 2265: 1701: 1635: 1082: 1031: 796: 406: 396: 386: 331: 67: 2524: 2270:. Translated by Michael Friedländer (2nd ed.). New York: Dover Publishers. p.  1789:- The Syriac Version (ed. James Elmer Dean), University of Chicago Press 1935, pp. 29-32 1640:. Translated by Michael Friedländer (2nd ed.). New York: Dover Publishers. p.  2223: 2068: 1599: 1530: 819: 416: 401: 366: 2551: 2427: 2395: 2244: 2211: 2186: 2113: 2100:; Talshir, Z. (eds.). "The Blessing of the Priests is not Read and Not Translated?". 2097: 2024: 1992: 1979:; Talshir, Z. (eds.). "The Blessing of the Priests is not Read and Not Translated?". 1976: 1942: 1919: 1854: 1798: 1704: 1603: 1552: 974: 954: 855: 827: 808: 570: 444: 286: 2589: 2486: 2158: 2131: 2058: 1806: 1759: 1725: 1661: 1591: 877: 864: 804: 785: 545: 475: 434: 356: 351: 142: 58: 1580: 964: 2469: 2457: 1751: 1733: 1717: 1660:(ed. James Elmer Dean), University of Chicago Press 1935, p. 30, who writes that 973: 905: 869: 638: 560: 480: 424: 180: 46: 38: 35: 788:. However, most scholars hold these to be one and the same person. According to 2614: 2315: 2162: 2093: 1972: 1742: 1696: 1562: 1035: 873: 815: 616: 565: 540: 515: 326: 167: 2028: 1918:, Rachel Yedid & Danny Bar-Maoz (ed.), E'ele BeTamar: Rehovot 2018, p. 60 959: 948: 940: 2583: 2545: 2215: 2149: 2117: 1996: 1767: 1755: 1708: 1007: 953: 925: 777:). However, it was later forgotten by the masses, and rerecorded by Onkelos. 550: 485: 346: 341: 84: 75: 2402:(Victuals for the Road) on Genesis 43:16, "For these men shall dine with me 2541: 2054: 1923: 1556: 992: 769:, the essential content of Targum Onkelos was already known in the time of 672: 449: 53: 2431: 2023:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Bene-Beraḳ: Makhon No'am Yehudit. p. 188. 1097: 930: 439: 248: 1914: 1668:, had been made the overseer of Jerusalem's rebuilding in around 115 CE. 2361: 2285: 2261: 2144: 1954: 1631: 1542: 1069:, while "beneath his feet" is replaced by "under his throne of glory" 1042: 629: 555: 2343: 1916: 885: 2242: 2511:'s commentary on the same verse. The nails are allowed to grow out. 1595: 1054: 969: 2560:"Translation, Midrash and Commentary Through the Eyes of Onkelos" 2465: 2034: 2002: 1934: 1859:"Translation, Midrash and Commentary Through the Eyes of Onkelos" 1665: 1517: 1504: 1491: 1478: 1465: 1452: 1439: 1426: 1413: 1400: 1387: 1374: 1361: 1348: 1335: 1322: 1309: 1296: 1283: 1270: 1257: 1244: 1231: 1218: 1205: 1192: 1179: 1166: 1153: 1140: 1127: 1114: 1093: 1050: 1039: 996: 793: 762: 758: 739: 651: 361: 268: 128: 115: 110: 101: 42: 1774:, opined that Aquilas and Onkelos were two separate individuals. 757: 2532: 1014:, while Thursday mornings were given to the second half of the 897: 881: 781: 766: 742: 583: 147: 132: 2210:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Benei Barak. p. 9 (item # 13). 1010:, Wednesday mornings were given over to the first half of the 2508: 2452: 1046: 901: 746: 594: 243: 223: 1903: 987:)." Here, the reference is to completing the reading of the 770: 2426:, 2 volumes, Hasid Publishers, Jerusalem 1991 (Hebrew) ( 1085: 1038:, with very little supplemental material in the form of 2102: 1981: 1022: 2468:: שלטון), but in the end, he was like unto a "lion" ( 2451: 2418:` The words of Onkelos are correct" (END QUOTE). See 2049: 2047: 1766:Shmuel Yaffe Ashkenazi, who wrote a commentary on 1736:, author of a commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud ( 1579: 803:. Indeed, the same biographical stories that the 2063:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem. p. 474. 1057:, and could not be readily understood otherwise. 2581: 2173:) for that particular week, or what is known as 908:prayer-rite is the reading of the Torah and the 863:that Onkelos' Aramaic translation originated in 2044: 1664:(known also as Onkelos), who was a relation of 2201: 2199: 2438:, Lutzki MS. 931, New York. Written in 1685 ( 700: 1656:Epiphanius' Treatise on Weights and Measures 912:with the Aramaic translation (in this case, 2540:) at a time. The index to both versions is 2314: 2196: 1577: 2284: 2260: 2228:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2073:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1703:, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1630: 707: 693: 1840:, vol. 6, p. 321; Charles Kannengiesser, 1836:Philip S. Alexander, "Targum, Targumim", 876:15:9–12 in Hebrew-Aramaic) appear on two 307:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle 1905:7; Wiesbaden, 2005), pp. 12–13, pl. 1.2. 1821: 1819: 52: 29: 2208:Shulhan Arukh ha-Mekutzar (Orach Chaim) 2205: 1695: 14: 2600:Hebrew Bible versions and translations 2582: 2557: 2476:) when he was anointed king of Israel. 2018: 1853: 2485:In accordance with a teaching in the 2091: 2053: 1970: 1816: 945:and the second "Golden Calf" episode 880:(5th–7th centuries CE) discovered at 27:Aramaic Torah translation (c. 110 CE) 731: 2473: 2461: 2057:(1972). Ezriel Hildesheimer (ed.). 204:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai 24: 2410:‎). It has been translated 2110:The Hebrew University Magnes Press 1989:The Hebrew University Magnes Press 1787:' Treatise on Weights and Measures 1571: 1096:, the targum entirely agrees with 1065:) is replaced by "from before me" 25: 2631: 2544:; there is also an older version 2517: 2318:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). 1826:The History and Dating of Onkelos 1762:(Silverstone, A.E., 1931:34–35), 765:(c. 35–120 CE). According to the 761:, a famous convert to Judaism in 2328:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 2308: 74: 2501: 2479: 2445: 2434:), s.v. Gen. 43:6, copied from 2388: 2371: 2354: 2337: 2302: 2278: 2254: 2236: 2180: 2138: 2124: 2085: 2012: 1964: 1928: 1908: 1891: 1878: 1847: 302:Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules 297:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules 2019:Tsadoḳ, ʻAzriʼel, ed. (1992). 1842:Handbook of Patristic Exegesis 1830: 1792: 1777: 1758:(Silverstone, A.E., 1931:32), 1754:(Silverstone, A.E., 1931:32); 1689: 1686:Jerusalem Talmud, Megillah 1:9 1680: 1677:Babylonian Talmud, Megillah 3a 1671: 1648: 1624: 1025: 13: 1: 2175:shenayim miqra we'ehad targum 1886:Journal for the Aramaic Bible 1618: 984:Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum 891: 872:. The earliest text samples ( 752: 496:Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon 7: 2558:Wagner, Stanley M. (2010). 2442:1,996 of the Seleucid Era). 2436:Jewish Theological Seminary 2248:(1976), vol. 57, no. 4, p. 1608:(reprinted in Israel, 1970) 1588:Manchester University Press 1548:The Guide for the Perplexed 918:Targum Jonathan ben 'Uzziel 669:Targum to the Five Megillot 10: 2636: 2526:- English translations by 2496:Palestinian Aramaic Targum 2021:ha-Tag' be-kheter Yiśraʼel 1578:Silverstone, A.E. (1931). 1524: 807:attributes to Aquila, the 2411: 2407: 2298:–37 (part 1, chs. 27–28). 2206:Ratzaby, Yitzhak (1996). 1533:, "Netinah La-Ger" (Heb.) 1018:. Others read the entire 900:times, readings from the 818:said, and some say Rabbi 728:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic 255:Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim 199:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael 2092:Zipor, Moshe A. (2009). 1971:Zipor, Moshe A. (2009). 1897:Christa Müller-Kessler, 738:) is the primary Jewish 45:Targum Onkelos from the 2620:Jewish texts in Aramaic 2398:said in his commentary 2366:Guide for the Perplexed 2330:, citing F. Rosenthal, 2325:The Jewish Encyclopedia 2291:Guide for the Perplexed 2267:Guide for the Perplexed 1838:Anchor Bible Dictionary 1637:Guide for the Perplexed 1539:, "Oheiv Ha-Ger" (Heb.) 811:attributes to Onkelos. 773:(immediately after the 745:("translation") of the 392:Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer 292:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva 249:Sifrei Zutta on Numbers 236:Numbers and Deuteronomy 2568:Jewish Bible Quarterly 2464:), hence: "governor" ( 2060:Sefer Halachot Gedolot 1888:3 (2001), pp. 181–198. 1867:Jewish Bible Quarterly 1002:The days in which the 852: 849:1:9 , Jerusalem Talmud 837: 732:תַּרְגּוּם אֻנְקְלוֹס‎ 609:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan 61: 50: 2528:John Wesley Etheridge 2368:, Part 3, chapter 44. 1566:43 (2005), pp. 73-86. 1079:Samuel David Luzzatto 838: 813: 790:Epiphanius of Salamis 337:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana 224:Sifra (Torat Kohanim) 56: 33: 1740:6:7); the author of 1658:- The Syriac Version 1612:The Bible in Aramaic 801:Eliezer ben Hurcanus 775:Babylonian captivity 678:Targum to Chronicles 491:Shir ha-Shirim Zutta 412:Shir HaShirim Rabbah 34:Interlinear text of 2595:Textual scholarship 2379:Philo of Alexandria 1746:(Jerusalem Talmud, 1083:Nathan Marcus Adler 1032:literal translation 834:, Babylonian Talmud 797:Joshua ben Hananiah 407:Ecclesiastes Rabbah 397:Tanna Devei Eliyahu 387:Avot de-Rabbi Natan 332:Lamentations Rabbah 92:Talmudic literature 68:Rabbinic literature 2494:as relayed in the 2320:"AKIBA BEN JOSEPH" 1855:Wagner, Stanley M. 1582:Aquila and Onkelos 991:at home or in the 916:for the Torah and 870:Palestinian Targum 859:characteristics." 417:Deuteronomy Rabbah 402:Alphabet of Sirach 367:Megillat Antiochus 62: 51: 41:6.3–10 with 2610:2nd-century texts 2538:parshat ha-shavua 2396:Zechariah Dhahiri 2274:(part 1, ch. 21). 2187:Babylonian Talmud 1949:3a). In the book 1943:Babylonian Talmud 1799:Babylonian Talmud 1500:Deuteronomy 23:18 1474:Deuteronomy 21:12 1461:Deuteronomy 20:19 1076: 1072: 1068: 963: 955:Priestly Blessing 952: 944: 878:incantation bowls 856:Zvi Hirsch Chajes 809:Babylonian Talmud 784:as being made by 717: 716: 684: 683: 646: 645: 624: 623: 578: 577: 571:Smaller midrashim 528: 527: 503: 502: 457: 456: 445:Baraita of Samuel 374: 373: 314: 313: 287:Seder Olam Rabbah 263: 262: 231: 230: 211: 210: 175: 174: 155: 154: 148:Babylonian Talmud 123: 122: 16:(Redirected from 2627: 2576: 2564: 2512: 2505: 2499: 2487:Jerusalem Talmud 2483: 2477: 2475: 2463: 2449: 2443: 2424:Taj – Pentateuch 2420:Ṣeidah la’derekh 2413: 2409: 2400:Ṣeidah la’derekh 2392: 2386: 2383:The Special Laws 2375: 2369: 2358: 2352: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2312: 2311: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2258: 2252: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2227: 2219: 2203: 2194: 2184: 2178: 2142: 2136: 2132:Tractate Soferim 2128: 2122: 2121: 2089: 2083: 2081:הלכות צורכי צבור 2078: 2072: 2064: 2051: 2042: 2032: 2016: 2010: 2000: 1968: 1962: 1932: 1926: 1912: 1906: 1895: 1889: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1863: 1851: 1845: 1834: 1828: 1823: 1814: 1807:Jerusalem Talmud 1796: 1790: 1781: 1775: 1760:Eliyahu of Vilna 1726:Jerusalem Talmud 1711: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1662:Aquila of Sinope 1652: 1646: 1645: 1644:(part 1, ch. 2). 1628: 1607: 1585: 1515: 1513:Deuteronomy 33:6 1502: 1489: 1487:Deuteronomy 22:5 1476: 1463: 1450: 1437: 1424: 1411: 1398: 1385: 1372: 1359: 1346: 1333: 1320: 1307: 1294: 1281: 1268: 1255: 1242: 1229: 1216: 1203: 1190: 1177: 1164: 1151: 1138: 1125: 1112: 1074: 1070: 1066: 957: 946: 938: 865:Syria Palaestina 850: 835: 805:Jerusalem Talmud 786:Aquila of Sinope 733: 709: 702: 695: 648: 647: 626: 625: 591: 590: 546:Yalkut haMachiri 530: 529: 505: 504: 476:Midrash Tehillim 459: 458: 435:Midrash Proverbs 376: 375: 357:Seder Olam Zutta 352:Leviticus Rabbah 316: 315: 276: 275: 233: 232: 213: 212: 188: 187: 181:Halakhic Midrash 157: 156: 143:Jerusalem Talmud 125: 124: 98: 97: 78: 64: 63: 59:Bodleian Library 21: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2580: 2579: 2562: 2520: 2515: 2506: 2502: 2484: 2480: 2450: 2446: 2422:, published in 2393: 2389: 2376: 2372: 2359: 2355: 2342: 2338: 2316:Singer, Isidore 2309: 2307: 2303: 2283: 2279: 2259: 2255: 2241: 2237: 2221: 2220: 2204: 2197: 2185: 2181: 2143: 2139: 2129: 2125: 2090: 2086: 2066: 2065: 2052: 2045: 2017: 2013: 1969: 1965: 1933: 1929: 1913: 1909: 1896: 1892: 1883: 1879: 1861: 1852: 1848: 1835: 1831: 1824: 1817: 1797: 1793: 1782: 1778: 1752:Heinrich Graetz 1734:Elijah of Fulda 1718:Moses Margolies 1694: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1653: 1649: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1574: 1572:Further reading 1527: 1511: 1498: 1485: 1472: 1459: 1446: 1433: 1422:Leviticus 23:43 1420: 1409:Leviticus 13:45 1407: 1394: 1381: 1368: 1355: 1342: 1329: 1316: 1303: 1290: 1277: 1264: 1251: 1238: 1225: 1212: 1199: 1186: 1173: 1160: 1147: 1134: 1121: 1108: 1028: 906:Yemenite Jewish 894: 851: 844: 836: 826: 755: 736:Targūm ’Unqəlōs 713: 660:Targum Tehillim 639:Targum Jonathan 613:Fragment Targum 561:Midrash HaGadol 481:Midrash Hashkem 425:Pesikta Rabbati 269:Aggadic Midrash 168:Minor Tractates 87: 47:British Library 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2633: 2623: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2578: 2577: 2555: 2549: 2546:without vowels 2530: 2519: 2518:External links 2516: 2514: 2513: 2500: 2478: 2444: 2387: 2370: 2353: 2336: 2301: 2286:Ben Maimon, M. 2277: 2262:Ben Maimon, M. 2253: 2235: 2195: 2179: 2163:Shulchan Aruch 2137: 2123: 2084: 2043: 2011: 1963: 1927: 1907: 1890: 1877: 1846: 1829: 1815: 1791: 1776: 1743:Korban Ha-Edah 1699:, ed. (2006), 1688: 1679: 1670: 1647: 1632:Ben Maimon, M. 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1596:10.1086/370377 1586:. Manchester: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1559: 1540: 1537:S. D. Luzzatto 1534: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1508: 1495: 1482: 1469: 1456: 1443: 1430: 1417: 1404: 1391: 1378: 1365: 1352: 1339: 1326: 1313: 1300: 1287: 1274: 1261: 1248: 1235: 1222: 1209: 1196: 1183: 1170: 1157: 1144: 1131: 1118: 1092:In matters of 1087:Netinah La-Ger 1075:(Exodus 19:20) 1071:(Exodus 24:10) 1067:(Exodus 33:23) 1036:Masoretic Text 1034:of the Hebrew 1027: 1024: 914:Targum Onkelos 893: 890: 842: 824: 820:Ḥiyya bar Abba 754: 751: 720:Targum Onkelos 715: 714: 712: 711: 704: 697: 689: 686: 685: 682: 681: 680: 679: 676: 670: 667: 664: 663:Targum Mishlei 661: 655: 654: 644: 643: 642: 641: 633: 632: 622: 621: 620: 619: 617:Targum Neofiti 614: 611: 606: 604:Targum Onkelos 598: 597: 587: 586: 580: 579: 576: 575: 574: 573: 568: 566:Numbers Rabbah 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 541:Yalkut Shimoni 535: 534: 526: 525: 524: 523: 521:Sefer haYashar 518: 516:Midrash Tadshe 510: 509: 501: 500: 499: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 470: 464: 463: 455: 454: 453: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 430:Midrash Shmuel 427: 422: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 381: 380: 372: 371: 370: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 327:Genesis Rabbah 321: 320: 312: 311: 310: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 281: 280: 272: 271: 265: 264: 261: 260: 259: 258: 251: 246: 238: 237: 229: 228: 227: 226: 218: 217: 209: 208: 207: 206: 201: 193: 192: 184: 183: 177: 176: 173: 172: 171: 170: 162: 161: 153: 152: 151: 150: 145: 137: 136: 121: 120: 119: 118: 113: 105: 104: 94: 93: 89: 88: 81:Talmud Readers 79: 71: 70: 26: 18:Targum Onqelos 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2632: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2561: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2510: 2504: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2454: 2448: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2305: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2239: 2231: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2202: 2200: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155:Hil. Tefillah 2152: 2151: 2150:Mishneh Torah 2146: 2141: 2134: 2133: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2096:; Segal, M.; 2095: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2050: 2048: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2015: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1975:; Segal, M.; 1974: 1967: 1960: 1956: 1955:Rav Ahai Gaon 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1887: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1788: 1786: 1780: 1773: 1769: 1768:Midrash Rabba 1765: 1761: 1757: 1756:S.D. Luzzatto 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1683: 1674: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1651: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1627: 1623: 1613: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1575: 1567: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1436: 1435:Numbers 15:15 1431: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1370:Exodus 22:28 1366: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1311: 1306: 1305:Genesis 49:15 1301: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1279:Genesis 45:27 1275: 1272: 1267: 1266:Genesis 43:16 1262: 1259: 1254: 1253:Genesis 38:26 1249: 1246: 1241: 1240:Genesis 31:53 1236: 1233: 1228: 1227:Genesis 27:13 1223: 1220: 1215: 1214:Genesis 25:27 1210: 1207: 1202: 1201:Genesis 22:14 1197: 1194: 1189: 1188:Genesis 20:16 1184: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1064: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008:Yemenite Jews 1005: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 985: 980: 976: 972: 971: 965: 961: 956: 950: 942: 935: 933: 932: 927: 926:Shulhan Arukh 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 889: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 866: 860: 857: 848: 841: 833: 831: 823: 821: 817: 816:Rabbi Yirmeya 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 763:Tannaic times 760: 750: 748: 744: 741: 737: 729: 725: 721: 710: 705: 703: 698: 696: 691: 690: 688: 687: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 658: 657: 656: 653: 650: 649: 640: 637: 636: 635: 634: 631: 628: 627: 618: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 601: 600: 599: 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 582: 581: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 551:Midrash Jonah 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 538: 537: 536: 532: 531: 522: 519: 517: 514: 513: 512: 511: 507: 506: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 486:Exodus Rabbah 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 471: 468: 467: 466: 465: 461: 460: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421:Devarim Zutta 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 384: 383: 382: 378: 377: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 347:Midrash Iyyob 345: 343: 342:Esther Rabbah 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 324: 323: 322: 318: 317: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 283: 282: 278: 277: 274: 273: 270: 267: 266: 256: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 240: 239: 235: 234: 225: 222: 221: 220: 219: 215: 214: 205: 202: 200: 197: 196: 195: 194: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 179: 178: 169: 166: 165: 164: 163: 159: 158: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 139: 138: 134: 130: 127: 126: 117: 114: 112: 109: 108: 107: 106: 103: 100: 99: 96: 95: 91: 90: 86: 85:Adolf Behrman 82: 77: 73: 72: 69: 66: 65: 60: 55: 48: 44: 40: 37: 32: 19: 2572: 2566: 2537: 2533:Mechon Mamre 2503: 2490: 2481: 2447: 2439: 2423: 2419: 2416:baṣa'harayim 2415: 2404:baṣa'harayim 2403: 2399: 2390: 2382: 2373: 2365: 2356: 2348: 2347:." The word 2344: 2339: 2331: 2323: 2304: 2290: 2280: 2266: 2256: 2243: 2238: 2207: 2190: 2182: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2154: 2148: 2140: 2130: 2126: 2105: 2101: 2087: 2080: 2059: 2038: 2020: 2014: 2006: 1984: 1980: 1966: 1958: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1930: 1915: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1885: 1880: 1871: 1865: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1810: 1802: 1794: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1763: 1747: 1741: 1737: 1729: 1721: 1720:, author of 1713: 1700: 1691: 1682: 1673: 1654: 1650: 1636: 1626: 1581: 1563: 1546: 1512: 1499: 1486: 1473: 1460: 1448:Numbers 12:1 1447: 1434: 1421: 1408: 1396:Exodus 23:19 1395: 1382: 1369: 1357:Exodus 18:10 1356: 1343: 1330: 1317: 1304: 1292:Genesis 49:9 1291: 1278: 1265: 1252: 1239: 1226: 1213: 1200: 1187: 1175:Genesis 18:8 1174: 1162:Genesis 4:16 1161: 1149:Genesis 3:15 1148: 1135: 1122: 1109: 1102: 1091: 1086: 1062: 1059: 1029: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1003: 1001: 993:Beit Midrash 988: 982: 978: 968: 966: 936: 929: 921: 917: 913: 909: 895: 861: 853: 846: 839: 829: 814: 779: 756: 735: 723: 719: 718: 673:Targum Sheni 666:Targum Iyyov 603: 508:1000–1200 CE 450:Targum Sheni 80: 2332:Bet Talmud, 2167:Orach Chaim 1772:Yafeh To'ar 1770:, entitled 1722:P'nei Moshe 1697:Jastrow, M. 1383:Exodus 23:5 1344:Exodus 14:8 1331:Exodus 4:25 1136:Genesis 3:5 1123:Genesis 2:7 1110:Genesis 1:2 1098:Rabbi Akiva 1026:Methodology 960:Num 6:24–26 949:Ex 32:21–25 931:Orach Chaim 472:Eichah Zuta 462:900–1000 CE 440:Ruth Rabbah 2605:Oral Torah 2584:Categories 2362:Maimonides 2145:Maimonides 2098:Talmon, S. 2029:1086136740 1977:Talmon, S. 1951:She'iltoth 1924:1041776317 1785:Epiphanius 1619:References 1557:1031721874 1551:(English) 1543:Maimonides 1318:Exodus 1:8 1043:paraphrase 892:Ritual use 753:Authorship 556:Ein Yaakov 379:650–900 CE 319:400–600 CE 2360:Cited by 2224:cite book 2216:875084492 2118:761216587 2069:cite book 2055:Kiara, S. 1997:761216587 1874:(3): 192. 1709:614562238 1604:170956338 941:Gen 35:22 886:Babylonia 845:Tractate 828:Tractate 675:to Esther 469:Ruth Zuta 279:Tannaitic 216:Leviticus 102:Tannaitic 2432:68810829 2288:(1956). 2264:(1956). 2191:Berakhot 2171:Parashah 2094:Rofé, A. 2039:Megillah 2007:Megillah 1973:Rofé, A. 1959:Nitzavim 1947:Megillah 1939:Megillah 1857:(2010). 1844:, p. 129 1811:Megillah 1803:Megillah 1748:Megillah 1634:(1956). 1531:N. Adler 1055:metaphor 1020:Parashah 1016:Parashah 1012:Parashah 1004:Parashah 989:Parashah 970:Parashah 922:Haftarah 920:for the 898:Talmudic 847:Megillah 843:—  825:—  2590:Targums 2552:Sefaria 2491:Nedarim 2466:Aramaic 2412:בשירותא 2364:in his 2334:ii. 280 2245:Biblica 2157:13:25; 2112:: 231. 2079:, s.v. 2035:Mishnah 2003:Mishnah 1991:: 223. 1935:Mishnah 1750:1:9 ), 1712:, s.v. 1666:Hadrian 1564:Megadim 1525:Sources 1518:Aramaic 1505:Aramaic 1492:Aramaic 1479:Aramaic 1466:Aramaic 1453:Aramaic 1440:Aramaic 1427:Aramaic 1414:Aramaic 1401:Aramaic 1388:Aramaic 1375:Aramaic 1362:Aramaic 1349:Aramaic 1336:Aramaic 1323:Aramaic 1310:Aramaic 1297:Aramaic 1284:Aramaic 1271:Aramaic 1258:Aramaic 1245:Aramaic 1232:Aramaic 1219:Aramaic 1206:Aramaic 1193:Aramaic 1180:Aramaic 1167:Aramaic 1154:Aramaic 1141:Aramaic 1128:Aramaic 1115:Aramaic 1094:halakha 1053:, or a 1051:homonym 1040:aggadic 997:Onkelos 910:Haftara 830:Megilla 794:tannaim 759:Onkelos 740:Aramaic 724:Onqelos 652:Ketuvim 630:Nevi'im 362:Tanhuma 129:Amoraic 116:Tosefta 111:Mishnah 43:Aramaic 39:Numbers 2470:Hebrew 2458:Hebrew 2430:  2408:בצהרים 2394:Rabbi 2349:elohim 2345:elohim 2313:  2214:  2116:  2027:  2001:; cf. 1995:  1941:4:4); 1922:  1764:et al. 1732:6:7); 1707:  1602:  1555:  981:once ( 979:targum 975:Talmud 882:Nippur 874:Exodus 782:Talmud 767:Talmud 743:targum 584:Targum 191:Exodus 133:Gemara 36:Hebrew 2615:Torah 2563:(PDF) 2509:Rashi 2453:Rashi 2193:8a-b) 2041:4:10) 2009:4:10) 1862:(PDF) 1738:Demai 1730:Demai 1714:עקילס 1600:S2CID 1063:panai 1047:idiom 902:Torah 747:Torah 595:Torah 533:Later 244:Sifre 160:Later 2575:(3). 2542:here 2507:Cf. 2474:אריה 2440:anno 2428:OCLC 2377:Cf. 2230:link 2212:OCLC 2161:and 2114:OCLC 2075:link 2025:OCLC 1993:OCLC 1957:(P. 1920:OCLC 1813:1:9 1805:3a; 1705:OCLC 1553:OCLC 1049:, a 799:and 771:Ezra 722:(or 2462:גור 2250:515 2159:Tur 2135:7:2 1953:by 1901:(= 1592:doi 1516:) ( 1503:) ( 1490:) ( 1477:) ( 1464:) ( 1451:) ( 1438:) ( 1425:) ( 1412:) ( 1399:) ( 1386:) ( 1373:) ( 1360:) ( 1347:) ( 1334:) ( 1321:) ( 1308:) ( 1295:) ( 1282:) ( 1269:) ( 1256:) ( 1243:) ( 1230:) ( 1217:) ( 1204:) ( 1191:) ( 1178:) ( 1165:) ( 1152:) ( 1139:) ( 1126:) ( 1113:) ( 896:In 83:by 2586:: 2573:38 2571:. 2565:. 2472:: 2460:: 2381:, 2322:. 2296:35 2272:31 2226:}} 2222:{{ 2198:^ 2165:, 2153:, 2147:, 2108:. 2106:24 2104:. 2071:}} 2067:{{ 2046:^ 2033:; 1987:. 1985:24 1983:. 1872:38 1870:. 1864:. 1818:^ 1809:, 1801:, 1728:, 1642:14 1598:. 1590:. 1545:, 1077:. 999:. 888:. 884:, 832:3a 734:, 730:: 726:; 2548:. 2498:. 2489:( 2456:( 2406:( 2232:) 2218:. 2189:( 2120:. 2077:) 2037:( 2031:. 2005:( 1999:. 1945:( 1937:( 1724:( 1606:. 1594:: 1510:( 1497:( 1484:( 1471:( 1458:( 1445:( 1432:( 1419:( 1406:( 1393:( 1380:( 1367:( 1354:( 1341:( 1328:( 1315:( 1302:( 1289:( 1276:( 1263:( 1250:( 1237:( 1224:( 1211:( 1198:( 1185:( 1172:( 1159:( 1146:( 1133:( 1120:( 1107:( 962:) 958:( 951:) 947:( 943:) 939:( 928:( 708:e 701:t 694:v 257:) 253:( 135:) 131:( 49:. 20:)