Talk:Civil war/Archive 1

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ethnic tensions, and a fear of subjugation of ethnic groups by others. it's important to note that this kind of conflict dates back to a time before the foundation of nation-states, where local fewds where resolved in similar ways.today, this type of civil war is predominant in post-colonial countries, when ethnic tensions were often used to solidify control for many years, and where a national movment , nagating tribalism, was never fully established. this kind of conflict often has more then one side, and alliances between groups are temporary and shift often enough. this kind of conflict takes many years to resolve. in fact, in many cases, even after an official ending to the conflict, it lives on , sometimes erupting again years later.examples for this type of civil war are the yougoslavia wars of the 90's , the lebanese civil war , and most civil wars in central africa (congo, uganda, angola etc.) -revolutions-revisionism values change over time, and new ideas form, bringing a demand to revise the society , based on a new ideology. this form of conflicts usualy comes as a reaction to flaws in the exitsing regimn . although, usualy highly influanced by outside sources, it always contains also a solidyfing nationalistic nerrativ. it's important to note, that only in this kind of civil war there is a call to destroy the ruling elite, and establish a new goverment (with a new elite), preferable for the people. a good example for this is the french revolution, the russian revolution of october 1917, etc.

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leadership) and ideological influance. in some cases, invasion will change the nature of the conflict, from a civil war to a regional war. (a good example of that is the israeli war of independance, that was, for a while a predomenantly civil war, but later became a regional war) it's hard to generalize the reason for intervention, but , in general it can be assumed that: - a commercial interest in the country will raise the level of interferance. - a security threat from one of the combatants will also raise the level of involvment - geogarphicl proximity - ideological proximity the level of foreign intervention can shape the outcome, and it can be argued that the distance between a purly "civil war" to a "proxy war" is not great. 4)availabilty of resources. every civil war is partialy defined by the availability of resources. the independance of one party from the other greatly effect the outcome, and usualy , also the cause of the conflicts. in many cases, however, a high level of foreign aid can offset initial disparities in resources. it can be assumed that the antebelum dependancy on foreign trade of the country will determin both the innitial devision of resources during the war (greater importance on harbours, roads) and also , indirectly the level of forign involvment in the conflict.

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taken from Stathis Kalyvas who defines civil war as “armed combat taking place within the boundaries of a recognised sovereign entity between parties subject to a common authority at the outset of hostilities” ). The point is that the sovereign unit in question need not be a nation state, but may instead be an empire, federalist association (depending on the concentration of sovereignty) or any other form of political unit that possesses (or is seen to posses) ultimate authority over a given territory. The problems of organisation, severity and reciprocity of violence (after all this is what separates war from any other form of violence) seem well covered by the term combat, which strongly implies all these things. Also, inasmuch as academics are inclined to achieve consensus in such matters, this definition seems to be quite common within contemporary literature regarding civil wars (Citations availible on request, cannot be bothered trawling through pdfs right now).

2301:). In this model, absolute poverty a limiter on rebellions; the principle example being Haiti. In Brough-Elliott, the State and the rebel leader want to be able to either promote growth or undo development, i.e., to impoverish. The State wishes to do this on a general level. The rebel leader may be able to do it on a more local level. They demonstrated in their two pieces that as the poverty level became more intense, everybody's preferences were made more uniform by it because they had to focus on survival across the entire group. If any member of the group did not fulfill their responsibilities for group survival, a coalition of the whole would form in the group to expel the dissenter. Absolute poverty thus created extreme incentives for conformity and disincentives for innovative behavior across a wide range of activities. Successful rebellion under those conditions thus requires the kind of triggers for spontaneous action described in Timur Kuran's " 584:

And that what a revolution is it is change. The Industirial Revolution is an major economic change and is not around ideology. olution refers to change, and a civil war can lead to a revolution. In the case of the United States of America, they had the American Civil War between the Americans and the British. Two parties fighting each for their own purpoor reason. The Americans were fighting against the tyanny of the British and for their liberty from them. The British, I assume, retaliate to gainack th power. When the Civil War ended with the Declaration of Independance now the American Revolution began, implementing the change of a new democracy for the United States. Revolution an civil war are not the same. I don't think you can ever say a revolution is a civil war becse they are two different phases in history. And certainly what I've been taught in History class is that the Civil War is the Pre-condition and Critical Period for the American Revolution.

1879:: civil war, noun: a war between citizens of the same country. These are commonly accepted definitions of a civil war--and they are actually more exact than the imprecise sentence that has caused so much controversy here; stunningly, this sentence makes no reference to a civil war's necessity of having actors who are nationals of the same nation on different sides of an internal conflict. As the introductory sentence stands, one of the "organized groups" could be just as easily an invading army of a nation looking to establish its preferred form of government on its neighbor. To say that could not be the case would be to presuppose the commonly accepted view that a civil war is amidst fellow nationals. In defining terms, such a supposition is too important to leave out. This article would be well served by having this commonly accepted definition of civil war at least entertained in the first paragraph. Yes, the first paragraph under 1407:

the rebel leader was left-handed" rather than coordinating a shared definition like us poor Knowledge editors. The end of the Cold War situation is quite humorous in that it is quite clear from recent scholarship that the Cold War resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of civil wars over the next decade or so. Nevertheless, many war scholars at the end of the Cold War, who apparently had been entirely focused on superpower conflict and now needed to find something else to do to earn a salary, had missed the steady buildup of ongoing civil wars over the previous decades and published widely disseminated and quoted works concluding that the end of the Cold War had caused the abnormally large number of observed civil wars. The more difficult argument is the one that Hironaka suggest by measuring explicit correlation between superpower/communist involvement and increased length. I'll see what I can dig up and add. -

944:-warlord civil wars. in this kind , there is generaly an established nationality, but power struggles within the governing elite, that are irreconcilable, turn to violent conflict. in this case, the military, the "last vestige of stability" is factioned , and generals back their local elite, forming power bases and alliances. this kind of conflict is common, usualy in large countries, and is usualy short-lived. however it sometimes takes on different characteristics as time goes on. a good example of this is the warlord wars in china in the 1920's which turned later into revolutionary conflict. another example, is the american civil war, which also changed to a more revisionist based conflict. it can be argued that this kind of conflict is a prolonged version of a coup d'tat , rather then a civil war, however, the scope of this conflict is much larger then a limited struggle. 601:

middle class and urban poor of France against the aristocracy and monarchy. Some argue that revolutions are a modern continuation of the peasant revolts of the past. Unlike peasant revolts, however, revolutions are almost always led by members of the educated, but disaffected, middle class who they the large mass of the population to their cause. Others see ideology as merely replacing religion as a justification and motivation for violence that is fundamentally caused by socioeconomic factors. To be successful revolutions almost always require use of armed force and sometimes escalate to a civil war, such as in the Chinese Civil War. In some cases, such as the French and Russian Revolutions the revolutionaries succeed in gaining power through a ick coup or localized uprising, but a civil war results from counterrevolutionary forces organizing to crush the revolution.

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bloodshed for the October Revolution (Russia had three Revolutions in case you didn't know: the March Revolution of 1901, the February Revolution of 1917 and the October Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 that formed the Soviet Union). Now this was a coup, a quick overthrow of a regime which then initiated the Communi Bolshevik Revolution. There was no civil war. The only civil war Russia had was when the interventionists compose of the allied parties, the White Army from the other opposition parties fought against the Bolsheviks. Another group included the Greens a peasant oppositi group that is against the both Reds and Whites. Now this is a civil. Several parties fighting against each other within a nation. But it is not a revolution, in fact if the Whites had won it is the destruction of a revolution.

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scholarly work took the shape of a study of a particular civil war and all of its peculiarities that made it different from every other war. The major problem with the sort of statistical studies that these "ecology" studies rely on is the lack of data once you get back into even the beginning of the 20th century, e.g. demographics from census takers of the size of ethnic minority groups, accurate measures of miles of railroad track per capita (used as a proxy for government strength), etc. Several of the measures that Hironaka used for post-WWII wars simply aren't available for the earlier wars she discusses, and are omitted. Nevertheless, I'm sure someone has taken a stab at it and I'll see what I can find. -

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revolution, I am not sure I would characterize it as a civil war -- there is a strong argument that the revolution only happened after Americans stopped thinking of themselves a English (or at least, those Americans who revolted). Moreover, the revolutionaries were not fighting for control over England (as was the case in the English Civil War). In short, I agree that there is some overlap between civil wars and revolutions, and the article ought to address this. But the claim that "If the rebelling party was successful in overthrowing the established government, it is usually termed a revolution, but if they were not successful it is other termed a civil war." is at best helpful, at best, leading, AR

1100:? Were they civil wars or wars between nations? What do most historians say and has anyone published an article on why the say it? Without such analysis it is very difficult to define what is a civil war without noting that the label carries a political element which can not be reduced to a formula of so many battle deaths etc. Recently we have seen that in Iraq and whether one calls the fighting in Baghdad that seems to have caused ghettoization a civil war or an insurrection depends on the political perspective of the commentator. British forces in Afghanistan consider themselves at war, (a term that the MOD uses when they forget that to the politicians is only an insurgency 514:

pagans, lived in tribal societies, not nations. Perhaps it is a case of rural versus urban. Most wars then were conquests. Anyway everything else following also seems unencyclopedic, even if it is scholarly, it is an opinion and theories. Perhaps a list of civil wars based on religion would help. I believe the main difference between different Islamic sects is who is the rightful leader, in a way a political issue. Also, wars against catholics have been seen as wars against the Pope's political authority. These wars occurred in societies with a poor concept of the separation of religion and State. This includes polytheistic nations where the rulers were viewed as divine.

147:"The term Revolution would not have been applicable to the US Civil war if the South had won." I am not sure that this is correct. Southern propaganda did suggest the war was a second revolutionary war or at least a war in keeping with the spirit of the first revolution. Yankee loyalists in the South were dubbed "tories" (the name given to, or assumed by, by those Americans loyal to the Crown during the Revolution). The real issue should be whether or not the "American Revolution" should be known as a civil war, given that 1/3 was pro-revolution (known as patriots or whigs), 1/3 was loyalist (known as tories) and 1/3 stayed neutral.~~ 507:

persecuted sect under Roman polytheism, as are modern-day Falung Dung under Communist ideology in China. Conversely, Christianization of pagans during the Early middle ages showed an inverse movement against polytheists. The issue is that powerful groups tend to force their views over less powerful groups; the assertion hat monotheism is by default more enclined to civil war is a subjective and highly debateable opinion. In this article, teducing this complex issue to gross presumed tendency of monotheists to impose their faith on polytheists is not a NPVO. Hence I ask the moderators to nuance the facts therein.

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division, I would look to the sentences immediately after the one you quote: "In nineteenth century Europe, the length of civil wars fell significantly, largely due to the nature of the conflicts as battles for the power center of the state, the strength of centralized governments, and the normally quick and decisive intervention by other states to support the government. Following World War II the duration of civil wars grew past the norm of the pre-nineteenth century, largely due to weakness of the many postcolonial states and the intervention by major powers on both sides of conflict." -

1388:", which is generally how the two broad schools of civil war scholarship divide. The Collier-Hoeffler model, considered a massive assault by the "greed" school, has certainly been the focus of much of the debate, with many of the "grievance" folks reduced to the rearguard action of insisting that identity issues form the basis of civil wars but are too complicated to be measured by statistics. (I've actually read wider than the sources I used, but found these to have the most explanatory power, so I guess the minor role grievance explanation play in this article is my POV.) - 335:

from (though no one knows when they did it, what they retro-actively changed about their data-set and how it effects the continuity of their statistics because they have an extremely private editorial board/policy). Actually, now that i think about it, PRIO might still use the 1000 deaths/year threshold, though much more work is done using the internal violent conflict data-set that includes all conflict resulting in 25 deaths/year. All this is basically because 1000 deaths/year just doesn't give provide enough civil war events to extrapolate generalizations from...

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Revolution, English Revolution and India's struggle for independence, revolutions, as well as any communist movement. Huntington says the point of a revolution is to expand participation, but that it also has social and economic changes, as well as political. The basic agreement is that revolution is about rapid change, as opposed to reform, which is about gradual change. That is revolutionaries want a new system, reformers want to fix the old one. As far as this article is concerned a civil war can be a revolution, but not a revolution is not a civil war.

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but it doesn't follow that those very same civil wars would have been shorter if there was no intervention. It's impossible to quantify that because one cannot go back to exactly the same conflict at the same time under the same conditions and stop the intervention. If you were to control for number of belligerents, public opinion, etc., and compare those with the final outcome you would get closer, but it still isn't fare to say that intervention necessarily prolongs a civil war.

1830:"A civil war is a war between organized groups to take control of a nation or region, or to change government policies" This is not the definition of A civil war. This could explain so many other things, but not A civil war, for a civil war is a war inside a nation, usually derived from a side either trying to leave or insert a new type of coontrol in a nation. Since I cant edit I would hope that somebody who can would edit it( and put a better explaination than I did.) 982:, as every sentence that I wrote in this article, which are a majority, has an associated reference, with the exceptions of several transitional sentences that I intentionally left at the end of paragraphs without citations. As for the reliability of statistical studies, I figure that the only thing more worthy of skepticism than a statistical study with massive amounts of data is such a study done without statistics. I would be happy to point readers to 936:

cases, a certain conflict will shift and esscalate, or will calm down. the main differances in this spectrum is the level of organization of the parties involved. a conflict between a worker's union,and the state, for example will never posses the organizational resources to wage a nuclear world war. keeping that in mind we can undrestand the importance of understanding the type and size of the parties, as a way to understand this phenomonon.

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repeatedly by the editors on the peer review subpage. While it took me about six months of very casual editing using the books within reach to get the article to the current revision, hopefully the peer review comments will motivate me to work a bit quicker on a subsequent draft to address the points raised. Thank you for your comments and I hope you will be able to return to the article when it is ready for another round.

442:, this kind of falls in the grey area. It's not really kosher to just semi-protect an article perpetually because it might get vandalized. But then again, this article sees 10-20 vandal edits a month pretty much perpetually, spiking quite a bit when school is in session in the US/UK. But it doesn't seem to be anything we can't keep up with... so for now semi-protection doesn't really seem needed.or dose it.!!!!!!! -- 555:

Micheal was sent out into the field as scouts. The two were deep into the enemies territory when they were spotted and shot at. Brin was hit in the stomach and Micheal was fine. Brian died by Micheal's side. Micheal remembered a quote he heard long ago, "Never leave a man behind", and with that he carried Brian home. It took the two 5 days to reach the base. That is a hero if I've ever heard of one. (UTC)

2297:. In the Brough-Elliott model, nations start to experience some GDP growth away from absolute poverty and either a dip in growth or develop some notion of comparative deprivation, à la Ted Gurr, or somebody starts to get greedy. At this point, enough resources exist in the economy that a group can contemplate rebellion -- the potential rebels find they have some hope of success (see: Ted Gurr, 2695: 2592: 1749:

would sign on, and Hironaka spends a long time pointing out that the whole idea that all of the ex-colonial states are the same structurally as the older states is absurd. That said, even in a collapsed state like Somalia, there are still centers of power that claim that they are legitimate. (Tangentially, one could imagine that the 'autonomous regions' described in

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Similarly, even in guerrilla wars, the guerrillas control territory, often in rural areas. I have no idea what "fluid conflicts" means. If a rebel group isn't strong enough to contest for turf, then I can't think of any examples where the conflict can reach the 1000 deaths per year bar, it being relegated to the lesser terms of "terrorism" or "civil disturbance".

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statistically-significant effect on the chance that a civil war would occur in any given five-year period were:", I"m have difficulty clarifying the source further, per your suggestion. On the peer review page, it has already been suggested that I expand the sources, so the section title rename will likely not be permanent as new sources are integrated in. -

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has lost me. Are you envisioning a '22% chance' as being like a random roll of the dice for every nation with that characteristic, regardless of its other characteristics or government strength? Or are you saying that the concept of state weakness is not explained adequately in the text? Please specify as you've thoroughly confused me. -

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choose this particular division in the passive narrative voice of the article as to do so without attribution is original research? If it comes from a specific paper then those divisions have been made to support the hypothesis that the paper is presenting and it should be explained why those particular divisions have been used.

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Conflict) defines a civil w “A war between factions of the same country; there are five criteria for international recognition of this status: the contestants must control territory, have a functioning government, enjoy some foreign recognition, have identifiable regular armed forces, and engage in major military operations.” --

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Frankly, I don't know the answer to the question about the wars you raise and the case of any particular war isn't particularly germane to the article, since a data point of one conflict isn't enough to draw any conclusions about the class of conflict to which it belongs. Hence, all the statistics cited in this article. The

1003:"A high proportion of primary commodities in national exports significantly increases the risk of a conflict. A country at "peak danger", with commodities comprising 32% of gross domestic product, has a 22% of falling into civil war in a given five-year period, while a country with no primary commodity exports has a 1% risk." 2009:(quite a long time by any standarts), it also was an war of atrition that did not end with any decisive battle, nor did it depend on the conquest of the capital (the rebels never tried nor wanted to invade Rio de Janeiro, nor did the possession of the province capital, Porto Alegre, prove to be a decisive point in the war) 1074:

the passive narrative voice of the article, because it implies it is a near universal description used by many historians, instead of divisions made to support the hypothesis of the paper presenting and it. -- This is a specific example but it holds true for many of the points presented in this article. --

2286:. Collier had 5 co-authors: V. L Elliott, Havard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol, and Nicholas Sambanis. However, none of them are credited, even in an "et. al.". Also, the link above will take you to a free PDF of the book. The Bibliography contains no link. How can this be corrected? 1883:

starts to define the term according to the commonly accepted definition. But even that is rather inexact--"within a country"? None of the definitions stated here deal with the real issue of civil war--it's citizens fighting against their fellow citizens: their neighbors, brothers, sisters, parents.

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I notice more recent editors tends to share this view. I see redlinks as invitations, and an article without redlinks to be rather melancholic, as there's no avenue for sudden expansion into new related topics. I have and continue to strongly defend that redlink, in the expectation that either I or

1406:

All good points. I will try to cast my net wider. There actually doesn't appear to be a lot of disagreement on a the number cutoff, probably because scholars can simply preface their work with "I'm using the 1000 casualties total criterion" or "I'm only counting 100 casualty per year conflicts where

1361:

That's actually one of the few sections that largely survived after I got my grubby paws on the article. There were no academic definitions previously. I've put the academics first, cut down the other definitions and put them under "further definitions". On a second look, I couldn't figure out why

1136:

An area that is not addressed in this article is the post war legal aspects. Usually if there has been a civil war then some form of general pardon is agreed to at the end the war so that actions that would be considered as crimes under civilian laws are recognised as acts of war and the perpetrators

1073:

When I see articles like this and wish to review them, I think what would the average 13 year old assume when they read this sentence, would they draw the right conclusions from it? I used the divisions, as an example because, as it is only one point of view I think that it should not be presented in

1055:

Another problem with this article is statements like "The modern history of civil wars may be divided into the pre-nineteenth century, nineteenth century to early twentieth century, and late twentieth century." Well yes they can, but they could also be divided into hundreds of other permutations. Why

935:

civil wars are a level of conflictual social interaction. this "spectrum " include other, less destructive levels , such as non-violent protests at one extreme, and a world war on the other. this of course does not mean that in a certin conflict, other , less dramatic forms will come to pass. in many

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Scholars who are experts on revolution disagree about the definition. Samuel P. Huntington has a narrow definition, excluded wars of independence, coups, and other wars that change only politics, and also requires violence for it to be a revolution. On the other hand many scholars define the American

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However, this is predominantly a problem restricted to statistical studies of conflict and there is a degree of consensus on what defines civil war in a theoretical sense, though precise definitions still vary (its kinda like pornography, we know it when we see it). To my mind, the best definition is

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Also no one has used 1000 deaths per year since collier and hoeffler in 2001 (i think). By 2004, even they changed to the less restrictive '1000 deaths over the course of a conflcit and at least 100 deaths per year' as has the Correlates of War database much of the quantitative/econometric work draws

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On the last point, would "Definitions" be more acceptable? Either "civil war" is a bounded term, e.g. it's possible to reach a general consensus on what fits under the label and what doesn't, or it means whatever the speaker wants it to mean. The academic literature, as well as discussions about if

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The only historical mention in the present lead is the origin of the term. And then there's quite a bit on the evolution of civil war in the 20th and 21st centuries. But not a whit on the deep history of civil war or mention of any of the momentous civil wars, of which the American Civil War is only

1903:

Looks like I lost the wording specifying internal conflict in the last rephrasing in response to complaints. Feel free to replace the wording with one of your own choosing, but please add a reference since it is absolutely certain that someone will disagree and try to change it. For instance, some

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Otherwise, the article is generally well-written and clear. The statistics are incorporated in a pretty readable way. I think you might go into too much detail at some points, but that's the kind of thing that comes from researching a wider variety of sources. They'll quickly show you what the major

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Banyan calling the section the "Causes of civil war in the Collier-Hoeffler Model" helps to clarify the article's POV. But please also see what I wrote above about presenting one paper's arguments in the passive narrative voice of the article (the finer points of the sections heading might be missed

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may have the conflicts you mention, and I'll add a relevant link if I find one, so the curious can go in and look up their pet war to see if it meets the various criteria described in this article, but I see no reason to make this article the clearing house of "civil war or not". That would require

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dispersed outward toward the borders is harder to control than one concentrated in a central region, while mountains offer terrain where rebels can seek sanctuary". Really! then add another tick box to Australia, tick in the box for New Zealand, but the Vatican and Monaco can heave a sigh of relief.

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To emphasise, it is not just the above statement that concerns me but lots of statements throughout the article eg: "High levels of population dispersion and, to a lesser extent, the presence of mountainous terrain increased the chance of conflict. Both of these factors favor rebels, as a population

785:

For some reason, a dictionary definition is absent in article. I placed the MW defintion of civil war under 'definition'; MW being a commonly accepted dictionary. The content that was there was placed under 'scholarly opinion' as the citations do not refer to anything other than selected scholar's

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A revolution is generally seen as a civil war fought over issues of ideology, over how power should be organized and distributed, not merely over which individuals hold it. The classic example of a revolution, and by some arguments the first is the French Revolution, which is seen to have pitted the

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and I gotta tell ya there is confussion wit revolution and civil war. The Sub-artice Revolution is completely false. I hate it in fact. "A revolution is generally seen as a civil war fought over issues of ideology" - IT IS NEVER AN IDEOLOGY. Ideology is simply a basis to implement the change needed.

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I wanted to know when the Civil War was, so I typed "civil war" in the search box. It brought up this article, which doesn't mention the Civil War at all! So I typed "the civil war" instead, and that page had a helpful link to what Knowledge apparently refers to as "American Civil War." Might it be

2112:

The Article says that intervention in civil wars "lengthens" the conflict, using comparative data from one civil war to the next. This is unquantifiable. It is easy to say that one conflict is longer than the other, and to quantify the disparities in length between civil wars that had intervention,

1618:

25 out of the 41 inline citations refer to Hironoka, and another 9 point towards Collier, Hoeffler and Sambanis, while one inline citation points to both of them, bringing the total to 35/41 inline citations being attributed to two sources. However, in your bibliography, there are far more sources,

1316:

I have been expanding this article, off and on, for the past couple months using books on my shelf and no longer have any bright ideas on what to add. Given the extremely general nature of the topic, I have relied heavily on statistical studies, which are not usually considered gripping reading. I

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this section as being both entirely unreferenced and totally disputed for half a year. It was very badly organized, e.g. a discussion of nationalism in the Cold War in a section named "pre-modern civil wars", and I gave up trying to find a way to salvage something from it. I hope to add some cited

695:

I moved the sentences that defined civil war based on the view of 'political scientist' to the section on definitions. Most of that content was already here and was redundant. I also corrected 'Political Scientist' to 'Scholars' to acctely reflect the citation. The citation did go on mention one

605:

Peasants revolts?? Always led by members of the cated, but disaffected, middle class?? What the *&$ % (excuse my language lol) but seriously this generalisation has gotta stop. A Revolution is never ever a fight. Look at Venezuela. President Hugo Chavez Frias initiated the Bolivarian Revolution

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the whole article under Pre-modern civil wars should be deleted. First of all prior to the Middle Ages and during Civil Wars didn't occur, because there really wasn't nation states. The pagan Romans had many civil wars, often fought for control of the Empire, but the barbarians, who were not always

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banyan, Nicholas Sambanis would like word regarding the boundedness of the concept of civil war He argues that "it may be impossible (and some would argue undesirable) to arrive at a consensus on a single definition and measurement of civil war". This is because "it is not possible to arrive at an

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The wording is a catch-22. I cannot think of a single instance where at least one combatant didn't claim to be the government, and often all combatants claim to be the legitimate government. Since one of the combatants will eventually win, that group will have been proven right with their claim.

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I don't much like the revised version, either. To say that the State must be a party excludes conflicts between factions of equal legitimacy, and to focus on territory suggests there must be distinct parts of the State occupied by both factions, excluding guerilla wars and fluid conflicts. Later in

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The Mexican Revolution is indeed a good example of a revolution that was also a civil war. But the opening generalization is false. In the English Civil War the rebelling party won, yet it was called a civil war not a revolution. Also, although the Americans won their revolution and it was called a

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I don't think that is quite right. The overthrow of the established regime is essential if either of the terms revolution or coup are to be applied. It is not the case though that every failed revolution is a civil war or that every revolution is a civil war. The term Revolution would not have been

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war!" The implication from McNamara is that the Americans failed to understand that their opponent viewed the war as a civil war, whereas they didn't, leading to some problems on both sides in anticipating outcomes. I haven't watched that film for over five years, and I might be a bit murky on the

2496:

When the southern states seceded from the Union, war was still not a certainty. Federal forts, barracks, and naval shipyards dotted the southern landscape. Many Regular Army officers clung tenaciously to their posts, rather than surrender their facilities to the growing southern military presence.

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I will certainly look to change to active voice as I go into another round of research. However, I'm afraid your picking states with strong governments, who are described in the article as being at lowest risk of civil war, and then writing as if a '22% chance of civil war occurring' is certainty

940:

2) sub-classification of civil wars. this subject is problematic because every civil war falls within criteria of all sub-classification. i can find three differant archytypes of civil war (regarding causes, outcomes etc.) -the ethnic civil war /tribalism. this type of conflict is brought about by

654:

The Final Record of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1949, (Volume II-B, p. 121) does not specifically define the term ‘civil war’. It did, however, describe the criteria that separate any act committed by force of arms (anarchy, terrorism, or plain banditry) from those qualifying as ‘armed

455:

Who the hell made Civil War refer to demons, the devil or HELL. This article is certainly vandalised and please have some integrety, It's not our fault you are stupid and uneducated. (I'm refering to the devil guy lol). And yes seriously the guy doesn't even know what the hell civil war is or what

2008:

My take is that it was as "unusual" as the American civil war. It was also a war based on state/regional identities (there were also political ideologies into play, since Brazil was a Monarchy and republicans were involved in the war, but those werent the motivating factor), and, lasting 10 years

1748:

on Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts mentions "the territory of a High Contracting Party between its armed forces", while Hironaka's definition, which I've used in the lede, requires the state as a belligerent. However, the Geneva Conventions were written for states that

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I started working on the article, though there's little evidence that the sources listed were actually used in the article. I have a feeling someone just copied a bibliography from somewhere. One of the recurring critiques I'm hearing is about the lack of diversity in sources and I'll certainly

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Kudos for taking on a difficult but important topic. I encounter a lot of similar challenges when I try to do the same thing with abstract topics in video games. (Much easier to focus on a specific civil war, isn't it?) So when I put out these comments, I just want to let you know that I'm really

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I can't do this right now, but will someone please adjust the accreditation for this definition. Fearon is not the first person to argue this by any means, nor should it be attributed to him. The original criteria academics use for defining a civil war in these contexts goes to Small and Singer

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The U.S. military has adopted the tenets set forth by the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva for their definition of a civil war. Their definition, however, includes an additional requirement for identifiable armed forces. The December 1990 version of FM 100-20 (Military Operations in Low Intensity

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There is a civil war story that hasn't been proved so is considered myth. The story of the two soldiers Brian Breeding and Micheal Lockhart. Brian "Stone Arm's" Breeding was a soldier who gave his life in battle and his friend Micheal "Dead Leg" Lockhart who did not leave Brian behind. Brian and

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In the English civil war there were two powers with rival (and substantial) claims to legitimacy. It is not a revolution as Parliament claimed to be acting to protect its existing rights not create new ones. The same is true in the US Civil war and the Spanish Civil war. The French Revolution was

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state by many other states regardless of a lack of recognition, whilst Northern Cyprus is under UN sanctions and Western embargo and officially considered occupied Republic of Cyprus territory by most states, with only Turkey recognising the TRNC. So I'm not sure if Cyprus makes much sense as an

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If this is a question as to if the reference at the end of that paragraph covers its entirety, the answer is that it does. Do you wish to assert that the sentence is controversial and requires a duplicate ref? I would be happy to provide one, if that's the case. If one wanted to know why this

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3)degree of foreign intervention the outcome of conflicts is important to foreign parties (goverments, n.g.o's , the u.n. , etc.). as a result most civil wars are influanced and even manipulated to suit the needs of these players. intervention includes military assistance (meterial, inteligance,

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and its related category. Now this is being removed by two other editors and I think they are in the wrong. I suspect both to merely promulgate the official Indian government position since they are both apparently Indian, althoug that is not something I dare allege. From looking at the present

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No, the Collier-Hoeffler model changed the way people approached the subject because nobody seems to have done a massive statistical study to examine the causes of civil wars before. As such, there are many many scholars who have built on the C-H framework to refine or modify its conclusions.

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Even the other sections, for such an important topic, you could draw on a wider number of sources. I'm almost 100% sure that academics debate what is or isn't a civil war, and I'd really like to know where the debate usually ends up. I imagine there's less room for POV in merely summarizing the

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In the "causes" section, you put a LOT of weight onto Collier, Hoeffler and Sambanis. Even if they're pretty reliable themselves, I don't think this will be enough to provide a comprehensive look at the causes. You could really use a wider number of sources to either confirm or criticize these

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I see two points here. On the first, this article as a necessity deals in trends, general structures and broad similarities and, as far as I can tell, every actual conflict used to illustrate a point or exception in the main text is used in the cited source. (The picture captions are mine.)

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In its current version, the text not so subtly suggests that monotheists are bigots, whereas the destruction of Jerusalem by Saduceans Geeks and later Romans was caused by Greco-Romans' imposition of their worship views on Israelites, who refused assimilation. Likewise, early Christians were a

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Traditionally (and not necessarily logically), the period of competition for the succession between Stephen and Matilda is referred to as "The Anarchy." This may be because it wasn't entirely internal. Matilda was the "empress" because she was sent to Germany at the age of seven to prepare for

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Yeah, the argument over if pre-nationalism states can be credibly compared with modern states been a major problem in political science, not just with this field of study. Also academics have only recently begun looking at the "ecology" of civil wars and how they are similar; previously most

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The ICRC further clarified the nature of ‘armconflicts not of an international character’ that was referred to in Article 3 of the Geneva Convention. They stated that this type of conflict “generally refer to conflicts with armed forces on either side which are in many respects similar to an

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The two weaknesses you have focused on, limited sources and passive voice, are valid, and they are most probably linked in that I would feel the need to identify writers in the main text if I was layering ideas from different authors. The scarcity of sources in particular has been mentioned

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Also with reference to Russia, Red Guards organized by Leon Trotsky initiated a coup. It was certainly quick in which always there is that confusion that a revolution is quick which in fact is never an element for a revolution. Also you were wrong Gorgonzilla, there was barely, or at most no

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I have renamed the title of the causes section to attribute the current content. Given that the lead-in paragraph to that section begins "A comprehensive studies of civil war was carried out by a team from the World Bank in the early 2000s." and ends "The factors that were shown to have a

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because the previous didn't seem to make much sense. Firstly, because just "Cyprus" rather than the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" was referred to as a secessionist regime. "State" also is not qualified when it probably isn't NPOV to refer to Taiwan as a state without some kind of

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Another point that was raised on this talk page but does not seem to have been addressed is why is it that some wars in the past have been labelled civil wars but others are not. Above the question of the American Revolution is raised and compared with the American Civil War. What about

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This kind of rhetoric is often used by advocates of the Confederacy to argue that what we deem the American Civil War was in fact a war of invasion by the north. Not wishing to re-litigate that particular debate, but suffice to say that it is a distinctly minority view among reputable

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operational definition of civil war without adopting some ad hoc way of distinguishing it from other forms of armed conflict". Sambanis goes on to highlight the different ad hoc and arbitrary definitions used by researchers to differentiate civil wars from other forms of violence.

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If the section "Causes of civil war" is based on just one paper then it would be better to retitle the section to emphasise that it is the opinions of just one paper with a very specific set of assumptions and to make it clear in the text that these are the findings of that paper.

1011:: "In contrast, mineral exports contribute around 35% of Australia's exports. Australia is the world's largest exporter of coal (35% of international trade), iron ore, lead, diamonds, rutile, zinc and zirconium, second largest of gold and uranium, and third largest of aluminium.") 2773:

But then the lead falls short in drawing attention to how a refugee crisis can topple adjacent dominoes (or at least ratchet up the inflammation over a much broader context). Nor does the lead connect this back into the increasingly interventionist policies of foreign states. —

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For another reminder, this talk page is how to improve the Civil War article. I highly doubt anyone would put fried chicken in the article. The source was unreliable but it's helpful. But don't forget, make sure you have a accurate source. Do you have an accurate source?

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it would be American Revolution because the slaves wanted independence. Yet that did not happen because only few slaves formed regiments to fight the South. The North did most of the fighting. The word "civil" means two sides but were once a country. Hopes this answers

2194:. The Islamic caliphate was clearly neither a nation state nor a republic, it was an empire, and the fitna was a war of succession within that empire, with two parties in dispute over who should be caliph. Nothing whatsoever would justify referring to this conflict as 1317:

would appreciate, in particular, constructive criticism on if I've managed to discuss the statistics in a readable way and suggestions on what else people want to know about this type of war, though people are of course free to comment on anything they wish. Thanks,

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I changed "nation state" in the first sentence to "state". There is an important distinction between the two (civil wars often, if not usually, are fought between different nations), and the source provided doesn't mention nation states at all. CORBAN NEEDS A SWAT

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In the definition section you jump right into what the Geneva Conventions say. There's no context. The academic definitions should probably come first. And you'll probably need a suitable heading for the other definitions: (policy definitions? legal definitions?)

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etc etc. While feudal and dynastic factors may also have been important, this does not mean that religious, ideological or ethnic factors did not play some part. In any case, it is far too broad a statement for the opening paragrap of the article and far too pov.

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where McNamara recounts meeting (much later on) one of his opposing counterparts in Vietnam, and that his counterpart became furious over one comment by an American at the formal dinner table, and pounded his fist on the table and said "For us, it was a

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In the opening summary, the text currently reads "138 intrastate conflicts between the end of II and 2000 saw international intervention", with II linking to the WWII page; please change 'II' to 'World War II' in order to combat ambiguity and confusion.

2479:" Roughly stated: are conflicts caused by who people are, whether that be defined in terms of ethnicity, religion or other social affiliation, or do conflicts begin because it is in the economic best interests of individuals and groups to start them?" 541:

that there must be prolonged violence between organized factions or defined regions of a country (conventionally fought or not)." be "criterion." I'm not a trusted member, or whatever it's called, so I can't change it, but I wish someone would.

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proclaimed as such, it war not really a civil war or for that matter much of a war of any sort. The same is true of the Russian Revolution. There was plenty of bloodshed but most of it happened after the new power was already in control. --

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The following passage uses condescending, unsupported and subjective terminology against monotheistic societies that do not respect Knowledge's NPOV policy. I ask the moderators to please edit it with the following nuances (in bold text).

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Why is there a picture of Spartacus on this page? Neither the Romans nor the slaves considered the struggle to be a civil war and I have not heard it described as such (but someone please correct me if it has been treated as such).

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helpful to add a helpful link like that to this article? I'd just do it myself, but I learned a long time ago that one doesn't change anything on Knowledge without somebody getting mad at them and immediately changing it back. --

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timing of several civil wars. But even here, there's some potentially controversial ideas when it comes to correlating civil wars with the cold war -- and it might help to have other sources confirm or elaborate on these ideas.

269:"civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality." Is it just me or is this an incomplete sentence? I only ask because it's been this way for months, thought maybe I was missing something. -- 1421:

I might like to know more about civil wars before the 19th century. (Or, if these wars weren't generally called civil wars, it would be important to clarify why. I'm not a historian, but if they generally don't classify the

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Lastly, the bibliography on the page is very, very thin. A far superior chronological bibliography was assembled by V.L Elliott for the Social Science Research Council meetings for April 20-21, 2004 where they discussed

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At what point does the escalation become a Civil War? The escalating sectarian violence in Iraq, has not been declared a Civil War, yet. At what point, or how many Sunnis and Shi'a have to die before it is a Civil War?

856:, the American Civil War was about the right to keep slaves. The south wanted to keep slaves, and the North didn't want slaves. The south didn't want to be bossed around so they seceded. If the slaves were fighting, 1904:

militants will deny that they were ever part of the "same country," regardless of what the international community says. I run into those people fairly regularly in Somali related articles, e.g. people arguing that

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is not and has never been "really" part of Ethiopia, and, from what I hear, the Balkans are even worse. That said, you certainly identify a major flaw and you are welcome to attempt a better wording. Thanks,

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while looking for something else. Chapter III "The Legal Politics of Amnesty" which starts on page 33 might prove useful as a template for a new section on amnesty as it makes the point I made but using the

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created the idea of the nation-state as we now think of it. It's problematic however you try to approach a definition. In any case, I have replaced the Servile War image with one of a modern civil war. -

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Well, first let me just point out that the current revision is actually cited, unlike the old one, and there is a discussion of this issue at the last question in the peer review transcluded lower down the

1757:, whose definition I use to lead off the definition section, doesn't mention a state at all, which may be more intuitive for people, as several people have tried to change the lead to make it more general. 620:

The Wiki policy is No Original Research--definitions and analysis must be based on the consensus of experts and fully referenced. IF Xangel wants to point to some studies we should look at, please cite

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I have a problem with this opening definition in the context of the American Civil War. Without getting into the eternal, unwinnable political arguments of what the "causes" of that struggle were, it

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That's very true. Hopefully I, or someone else, will get around to the one redlink I insist on keeping in the article (despite attempts to at least one editor to 'fix' the redlink by delinking it), "

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And those in power in Zimbabwe must have a cunning plan to totally destroy their economy because then there will be no exports at all, so they will reduced the chances of a civil war down to 1%.

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I agree. I took the liberty of changing it to something more complete by adding the words "fight for control" to the end of it. none of this is correct...i am right...you are wrong! ah hahahah!'

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What Is Civil War? Conceptual and Empirical Complexities of an Operational Definition Author: Nicholas Sambanis Source: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 48, No. 6 (Dec., 2004), pp. 814-858

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I think the confusion comes in where you try the describe the class of ancient conflicts in which large organized bands of anti-government combatants controlled territory, but before the rise of

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marriage to Henry V. Her 2nd husband was Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. For that matter, Stephen of Blois wasn't "English," either. With none of the principals being "English," it's never

2283: 2155:, took place in nation states. In fact, the question whether the country is a nation state is completely irrelevant. What is relevant, on the other hand, is whether one side of the conflict is 1468:

Thank you for your comments. It'll take me a while to work on your suggestions but I hope you'll have a chance to go back over the article when I feel it's ready for another round of review. -

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political scientist, but he offered no opinion on the definition. Also, this citation required a subscription to read. Is it possible to limit citations to articles that do not incur costs? --

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not. I came from a country that was in a civil war. El Salvador 1980 - 1992. Very recent huh? Anyways I agree with the dude above me. This should be protected (even thou its been a while). --

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act, often missing out the hedges and underlying assumptions that those studies rely on and present it here as undisputed facts and in the article these facts are not attributed to a study.

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I wouldn't say "take on" so much as "sleepwalk into", but thanks for the comments. And yes, it's far far easier to write about a specific actual conflict than about a class of conflict. -

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At the end of the first bullet it states (currently) that "This is surprising." It does not expand on this statement, nor does it seem to to the information contained therein. -fauxanadu

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Recommend changing the opening sentence to simply read: "A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country."

1484:, but before I ended up there I used to poke in and around some historical and political articles. Feel free to seek me out directly whenever you're ready for the next round of review. 2222: 1729:

is both fundamentally different from and worse than other types of conflict, have been busy trying to blow holes in the C-H model or find proxy measures that would prove their point

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Wait, I thought the whole point of Knowledge was to provide a forum for people to complain about every possible topic. Oh yeah, and also something to do with an encyclopedia. ;) -

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also cited a 1989 paper presented to the Public Choice society meeting by Wayne Brough and V.L Elliott, "The Economics of Insurgency", also printed in 1999 Kimenyi & Mbaku's

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MILHIST to agree on a sitewide definition, including an intensity cutoff, and I don't see any potential payoff worth the wikidrama of that process. (If anyone feels up to it,

2143:. This is completely unsubstantiated, either in the reference linked, or in the "definition" section of the article body. Neither of the prototypical examples of civil wars, 609:

By the way I'm sorry that I have given a lecture. I tend to do that in order to achieve a point. Sorry. But yeah a revolution is not a civil war and only refers to change.

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All the pictures line up on the right-hand of the page, making it seem visually unbalanced. Some of them could probably be moved to the left hand side without a problem.

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I removed the para about religion, ideology or nationalsim not playing a apsrt in 'pre-modern civil wars'. First of all, that is demonstrably not true. Look at the

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the article needed an indepth discussion of things that were not but are related to civil war, and might just end up cutting that entire "further" section later. -

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But of course, why else do we so many articles with criticism sections? And all those edit wars, and talk pages to argue on. In fact, one of our core policies,

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I agree with cleaning this article up a little. I don't disagree with it totally, though. Someone pay attention to the precise wording in this article, please.

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http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469372&piPK=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000094946_0306190405396

1994: 1948: 1913: 1867: 1858: 1764: 1750: 1679: 1631: 1591: 1557: 1514: 1472: 1438: 1411: 1392: 1366: 1345: 1321: 1281: 1225: 1127: 1065: 1046: 1027: 990: 771: 401: 318: 2244:"Similarly, the international community has largely refused to recognize secessionist regions, while keeping some secessionist self-declared states such as 2107: 931:

civil wars are hard to define. as are all conflicts. a suggest that civil wars be annakyzed according to certain parmeters: 1) level of violent interaction.

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Anyway, i hope i have helped more than hindered, also i am impressed by the overall quality of the article and wish to contribute in any way that is helpful.

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Moreover, Northern Cyprus's situation is probably not a good example compared to Taiwan, since Taiwan receives US military aid and is arguably treated as a

2333: 1889: 1897: 625: 2826: 2784: 2728:. The lead could mention civil wars of succession as a particularly important case. The American Civil War, on the other hand, was a different animal. — 1831: 718: 644: 346: 2128: 2834: 1119:

would appear to the likely place to implement.) On the second point, a brief general discussion of the political sensitivities of the word, which the

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be fairly argued that the goal of the Confederacy was not to take "control of state power" but to successfully secede -- i.e., to leave the Union and

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1. Internal military action within a sovereign boundary, 2. National government is involved in the fighting, 3. Effective resistance by both sides.

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the new language suggested isn't perfect either, but it's an obvious improvement. An outcome of a civil war may be one nation splitting into two.

1839: 1719: 2163:. Thus, Caesar's Civil War spelled the end of the Roman Republic (because the republican side lost); otoh, the English Civil War introduced the " 1825: 422: 280: 181: 1997: 1767: 1701: 1649: 1609: 1575: 2058: 2053: 1916: 963: 661:• The insurgent civil authority must exercise de facto authority over the population within the determinate portion of the national territory. 649: 443: 2607: 2584: 2418: 1861: 1682: 1634: 1594: 1536: 1441: 1414: 1395: 97: 2861: 2062: 834:

In that case, the American civil war wasn't a civil war either. Both were wars of independence, it's just that the rebels lost the latter.

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What is the English war between King Stephen and Empress Maud called? Surely that was a civil war that should be noted in this article. --

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article used in the references explicitly discusses, would be quite useful. I'll try to find more sources to fill such a section out. -

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conflict not of an international character’ (including civil wars). Among those conditions listed are these four basic requirements.

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The opening sentence defines "civil wars" as occurring, "less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly united state."

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Full disclosure: V.L Elliott & I are related. We are the co-authors of Chapter 14, "The Economics of Sustaining the Peace", of

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recollection, but the point remains that even a civil war is not always a clean distinction from every side of the war elephant. —

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The cited language, "Two nations developed because of slavery," is actually from the book being reviewed, not the linked website.

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What "the Civil War" refers to would depend on which country you are in, so needs to be avoided in an international encylopaedia.

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second sentence "...has a 22% of falling into civil war..." should probably read "...has a 22% risk of falling into civil war..."

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This article is completely wrong and I disagree with it fully. I would like it to be changed completely or at least cleaned up.

255:. You can make the same argument about Biafra's attempted secession and the resulting "Nigerian civil war." Thoughts, anyone? -- 2030: 1130: 1068: 1049: 1030: 879:

Correct. The so-called American Civil War was not a civil war. It was a war of secession. That's why it doesn't fit the model.

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would have been relatively quickly seen as legitimate states in an international system like that of 18th century Europe.)

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That would explain it. It would be unusual for someone to leave the task half-done, with all of those sources available. --

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Just to say, it's not a typo, it's not poor grammar. The word "arises" was and professional ancient way of saying "rises".

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The article misses this crucial distinction because if focusses entirely on modern civil wars taking place after 1861.

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Alternately, those who hold that grievance better explains the cause of civil wars, in particular those who hold that

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A civil war is a war in which parties within the same country or empire struggle for national control of state power.

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Contributors to this page may wish to know someone has stolen the content without credit, violating our license. See

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is indeed an accurate description of the conflict. Would other editors give their opinions on this issue. please? __

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The definition has been used repeatedly, and to attribute it to a 2007 article is a little bit of a push. Thanks.

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I admit to knowing absolutely nothing about this subject, but will see what I can turn up. Thanks for the leads.

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Okay, seems reasonable. It just really stands out. But hey, if that results in a new article, everyone wins. --

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is it really a civil war? a civil war is different than a war of independence, although it isn't always clear.

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tldr; there is an extreme amount of diversity in the operational definitions used by research into civil wars.

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viewpoints. Your goal should be to get away from attribution to any one single source, and instead achieve a

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It cannot be disputed that the term "First Islamic Civil War" has occasionally been used in print for the

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Gage LAV, or similar to that, which it is not. It is a "General Dynamics Land System - Canada" LAV-25.

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as well. In any case, this points to the need for more sources so readers can see the back and forth.

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Since I don't have an account on the en-Knowledge, could you please add the lb-Interwiki Link ? -: -->

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The lead suggests that the definition of a civil war depends on whether the country in question is a

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The language is clearly being used figuratively, not literally as implied by the Knowledge article.

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That's all I have to say for now. It's a better article than I expected from so complex a topic. --

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are indemnified against prosecution. These come under various names -- the one and the end of the

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the intr we refer to "the definition", as if there is some prescribed definition of civil war.

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Since 1945, civil wars have resulted in the deaths of over 25 million people, as well as the

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I dunno. It often seems like no edits are done to this article except vandalism/reverts. See

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only one source is used, which suggests that is the "Duration of civil-Hironaka Model". --

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President Lincoln attempted to resupply these garrisons with food and provisions by sea.

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the photo caption and meta data refer to the image in the post 1945 section as a Cadillac

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Alright, this is my first peer review, so don't complain about it. :p A couple of points

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link in the introduction really stands out. Perhaps it'll be better to just remove it?

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For example this statement in the passive (none attributed) voice of the article:

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Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding in Post-War Societies: Sustaining the Peace

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and empirical studies of civil war. A copy of that bibliography can be found at

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Is there only the Collier-Hoeffler model and must one party be always the state?

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a conflict has reached the stage of "civil war", indicates that it is bounded. -

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like a "civil war." At least, that's how I've explained it to my own students! --

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This is the crucial factor which distinguishes a civil war from a mere dynastic

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1st sentence as of 5/30/08: "A civil war is a military conflict what arises..."

2739: 2705: 2206: 2098: 1688: 1485: 1454: 1378: 17: 60: 2347: 2321:. That is the most complete bibliography on the subject through early 2004. 2261: 2195: 2184:

in the early Islamic Caliphate are casually identified as "civil wars", see

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OK, so it was rated GA-class by the MILHIST WikiProject, rather than being a

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international war, but take place within the confines of a single country.”

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This article has been vandalised so frequently, should it be semi-protected?

235: 2545: 2181: 2140: 2086: 1754: 1481: 787: 753: 744: 622: 491: 487: 468: 256: 215: 211: 1875:: civil war, noun: a war between factions or regions of the same country. 1197:, and the Northern Ireland (Sentences) Act 1998 and then expands on it. -- 2775: 2749: 2729: 2355: 2202: 1811: 1745: 1427: 1138: 862: 820: 636: 614: 580: 560: 515: 457: 2738:

I'm going to add one other comment, FWIW. There's a compelling scene in

2456:"Civil war" sounds like a "non-military war". Let's change the title to 2289:

Next, the primary discussion of causes is the Collier-Hoeffler model.

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of the Indian subcontinent it appears convincing, to me at least, that

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sympathetic to how difficult it is to research an article like this.

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What about the second half of the page from the start of the section

664:• The insurgents must have some amount of recognn as a belligerent. 2085:

article and comparing that with the insurgency taking place over a

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I am not sure but didn't the Holy Roman Empire have a civil war?

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Knowledge:Copies of Knowledge content (low degree of compliance)

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A war between two states is, by definition, not a "civil war."

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I came across: Emilios A. Christodoulidis & Scott Veitch.

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this is very important you under stand this for your C.E EXams

31:

If you like fried chicken than the civil war is for you! same

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Category:Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia

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Knowledge:WikiProject Military history/Peer review/Civil war

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content on pre-WWII civil wars from Hironaka's book soon. -

533:

The following sentence appears: "Other historians state the

231:, section Civil-War.ws. You may wish to contact the site at 2548:

only goes to an index page, leaving the reader to find the

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Semi-protected edit request on 17 June 2017 -- 'II' : -->

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The reason why I bring this up here is the fact that the

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the C-H framework. While I've been expecting a need for

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Are the timestamps automaticlly added to talk comments?

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_'World_War_II'_miniscule-2017-06-17T21:48:00.000Z": -->

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_'World_War_II'_miniscule-2017-06-17T21:48:00.000Z": -->

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http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/COM/375-590006?OpenDocument

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Lethe's Law: Justice, Law and Ethics in Reconciliation

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definition of civil war is the more exact of the two.

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i request granting me permission for editing a page

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http://www.teachingterror.net/Elliott_Chronology.htm

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Revoltuion and Civil War - MUST BE CORRECTLY DEFINED

380:(Kalyvas 2006:17 the logic of violence in civil wars 115:

applicable to the US Civil war if the South had won.

1587:I'll experiment and see how it looks staggered. - 496:one explanation is that the latter tend to be more 396:No I'm not I am smarter than you hahaha right back 1846:Note that sentence is referenced to an article in 1751:Consolidation of states within Somalia (1998–2006) 1426:as such, then it might be because of the lack of 907:Okay, I'll assume it's a typo, not poor grammar. 1150:Free and General Pardon, Indemnity, and Oblivion 2540:There are several issues with this statement: 2295:Institutions and Choice in Developing Countries 1687:No problem, it was my pleasure. Thanks for not 786:opinion of the classification of the Iraq War. 546:13:30, 7 October 2006 (UTCPTK, Batimore MD USA 482:civil wars fought over religion have tended to 1868:Looking at a Dictionary for Better Credibility 2721:one, and still leaning toward recency bias. 2108:More than simple semantics; article misleads. 502:for being bound by strict articles of faith. 2785:Semi-protected edit request on 24 June 2019 1144:was very similar to that at the end of the 61:http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=5258 1854:above for more discussion on the lede. - 1785:It was promoted with no review in 2006. — 559:what does that have to do with anything? 2724:Just to name one other, I came here via 984:Statistical hypothesis testing#Criticism 2159:, i.e. claims to represent the state's 1826:first sentance is incorrect definition. 1553:someone else take up the invitation. - 14: 2223:"Taiwan"/"Cyprus" secessionist regimes 650:International and Military Definitions 480:In the history of Abrahamic religions, 2282:is incorrectly credited according to 1927:Section "Causes of Civil War.." : --> 1622:Actually, the bibliography was added 1007:Australia better choose sides! (see 708:i added a comma where it was needed 2501:Civil war not between two countries 1851: 1381:from no perspective in particular. 927:a question of degrees in definition 23: 2248:in diplomatic recognition limbo." 2238:in diplomatic recognition limbo." 1619:so this shouldn't be hard to fix. 510:Thanks - ENB, Canada (Oct 5 2006) 24: 2896: 2840: 2792: 2693: 2634: 2590: 2508: 2031:The Naxalite-Maoist insurgency‎‎ 691:Political Scientist vs. Scholars 2688:_'World_War_II'_miniscule": --> 2684:_'World_War_II'_miniscule": --> 2679:_'World_War_II'_miniscule": --> 2628:_'World_War_II'_miniscule": --> 1928:"Availability of Finance" : --> 1675:Thank you for your comments. - 1480:Sounds good. I mostly stick to 2864:and edit the page yourself. ‑‑ 2848:this is not the right page to 2470:04:41, 13 September 2015 (UTC) 2389:"Civil War" vs "The Civil War" 2189:Campaignbox Islamic Civil Wars 1453:Research, research, research. 374: 365: 13: 1: 2860:, you can wait until you are 2619:'World War II' miniscule typo 2448:) 13:52, 22 April 2015 (MDT) 2384:16:50, 23 December 2013 (UTC) 2364:11:22, 25 November 2013 (UTC) 2275:Bibliography and Other Models 2004:Farrapos Civil War, in Brazil 1720:09:59, 31 December 2008 (UTC) 1702:03:18, 30 December 2008 (UTC) 1683:23:56, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1670:23:09, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1650:03:18, 30 December 2008 (UTC) 1635:23:56, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1610:03:18, 30 December 2008 (UTC) 1595:23:56, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1576:03:18, 30 December 2008 (UTC) 1561:23:56, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1537:03:18, 30 December 2008 (UTC) 1518:23:56, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1494:15:37, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1476:09:30, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1463:04:19, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1442:09:30, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1415:09:30, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1396:09:30, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1370:09:30, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1349:09:30, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1325:02:18, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1301:Peer review transcluded from 1272:12:49, 31 December 2008 (UTC) 1248:12:49, 31 December 2008 (UTC) 1229:15:05, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1221:Thank you for your comments, 1166:12:53, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1131:15:05, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1084:12:49, 31 December 2008 (UTC) 1069:15:05, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1050:15:05, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 1031:15:05, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 994:15:05, 29 December 2008 (UTC) 796:06:38, 23 December 2007 (UTC) 757:15:04, 6 September 2007 (UTC) 626:06:40, 12 December 2006 (UTC) 406:03:19, 20 November 2014 (UTC) 355:04:36, 11 February 2012 (UTC) 182:06:19, 28 November 2006 (UTC) 2270:11:51, 31 January 2013 (UTC) 2129:14:38, 28 January 2011 (UTC) 2042:Naxalite-Maoist insurgency‎‎ 2025:06:34, 4 February 2010 (UTC) 1998:10:03, 4 February 2010 (UTC) 1979:23:33, 30 January 2010 (UTC) 1886:Oxford American Dictionary's 1873:American Heritage Dictionary 1009:Mining in Australia#Econmics 964:06:39, 20 October 2008 (UTC) 461:07:02, 9 December 2006 (UTC) 214:14:02, 15 March 2006 (UTC)-- 163:03:47, 31 January 2010 (UTC) 7: 2819:to reactivate your request. 2807:has been answered. Set the 2661:to reactivate your request. 2649:has been answered. Set the 2531:to reactivate your request. 2519:has been answered. Set the 1820:09:43, 5 January 2009 (UTC) 1801:07:19, 5 January 2009 (UTC) 1768:02:25, 1 January 2009 (UTC) 1737:, it may be worth creating 1285:01:33, 1 January 2009 (UTC) 1207:14:29, 1 January 2009 (UTC) 978:They are "attributed", per 844:14:55, 7 October 2008 (UTC) 322:06:47, 8 January 2009 (UTC) 301:00:30, 8 January 2009 (UTC) 137:23:53, 8 October 2012 (UTC) 79:05:31, 2 January 2012 (UTC) 55:10:43, 3 October 2011 (UTC) 10: 2901: 2759:Here's another quick note. 2585:12:45, 13 April 2017 (UTC) 2492:21:56, 10 April 2016 (UTC) 2439:19:52, 22 April 2015 (UTC) 2315:Breaking the Conflict Trap 2303:Sparks & Prairie Fires 2280:Breaking the Conflict Trap 2215:12:06, 13 March 2011 (UTC) 1952:01:28, 4 August 2009 (UTC) 1939:22:27, 3 August 2009 (UTC) 1877:Oxford American Dictionary 1776:Re: Dr pda's edit summary 1760:Thanks for the comment. - 1524:Knowledge:Ignore all rules 1195:Indemnity and Oblivion Act 775:02:14, 3 August 2008 (UTC) 701:13:19, 23 April 2007 (UTC) 683:20:45, 18 April 2007 (UTC) 260:14:02, 15 March 2006 (UTC) 219:14:02, 15 March 2006 (UTC) 2885:14:59, 24 June 2019 (UTC) 2835:14:54, 24 June 2019 (UTC) 2710:00:27, 18 June 2017 (UTC) 2680:21:48, 17 June 2017 (UTC) 1917:04:01, 12 June 2009 (UTC) 1898:03:14, 12 June 2009 (UTC) 1862:01:36, 9 April 2009 (UTC) 1842:Chris Ray (mindwarper06) 1840:01:20, 9 April 2009 (UTC) 921:00:02, 4 April 2014 (UTC) 897:grammar, grammar, grammar 889:15:02, 6 March 2015 (UTC) 875:23:59, 3 April 2014 (UTC) 829:20:16, 6 April 2008 (UTC) 645:20:14, 6 April 2008 (UTC) 617:07:05, 9 December 2006 ) 569:21:34, 6 April 2008 (UTC) 524:21:14, 6 April 2008 (UTC) 284:11:17, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 274:20:19, 6 April 2006 (UTC) 238:00:40, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC) 98:23:39, 3 April 2014 (UTC) 2779:22:57, 27 May 2019 (UTC) 2753:22:36, 27 May 2019 (UTC) 2733:22:30, 27 May 2019 (UTC) 2608:04:56, 26 May 2017 (UTC) 2419:23:36, 25 May 2014 (UTC) 2404:03:40, 23 May 2014 (UTC) 2342:06:39, 26 May 2013 (UTC) 1627:make that a priority. - 904:"what" should be "that" 801:Comment 1 to Definition 722:22:38, 8 June 2007 (UTC) 447:02:01, 3 July 2006 (UTC) 2103:14:03, 7 May 2010 (UTC) 1944:Quite right. Fixed. - 852:Wrong, according to my 749:Irish Rebellion of 1641 733:French Wars of Religion 727:'pre-modern civil wars' 550:Stone Arm's and Deadleg 2770: 1744:The Geneva Convention 1739:Collier-Hoeffler Model 1735:greed versus grievance 1547:greed versus grievance 1386:greed versus grievance 1260:Duration of civil wars 1177:Hart Publishing, 2001 1005: 234:to voice a complaint. 2762: 2482:People who are what? 1154:Good Friday Agreement 1001: 980:Knowledge:Attribution 498:easily "assimiliated" 59:also some reference: 2151:, nor of course the 1987:romantic nationalism 1191:Treaty of Westphalia 970:Peer review now open 2766:forced displacement 1238:by many people. -- 815:American Revolution 500:in terms of dogma, 486:more frequently in 2768:of millions more. 2475:Doesn't make sense 2153:American Civil War 2145:Caesar's Civil War 1117:List of civil wars 490:societies than in 2883: 2823: 2822: 2665: 2664: 2587: 2575:comment added by 2535: 2534: 2213: 2172:war of succession 2149:English Civil War 2119:comment added by 2035:I recently added 2015:comment added by 1969:comment added by 1184:, 9781841131092. 1146:English Civil War 1112:Correlates of War 954:comment added by 737:English Civil War 434: 421:comment added by 153:comment added by 127:comment added by 58: 41:comment added by 2892: 2880: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2844: 2843: 2814: 2810: 2796: 2795: 2789: 2726:Toluid Civil War 2716:Broaden the lead 2697: 2696: 2689: 2685: 2656: 2652: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2623: 2616: 2594: 2593: 2570: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2227:I just changed: 2209: 2193: 2187: 2165:crowned republic 2131: 2087:substantial part 2083: 2065: 2027: 1981: 1798: 1796: 1791: 1424:Roman civil wars 966: 537:for a civil war 416: 381: 378: 372: 369: 257:Michael K. Smith 216:Michael K. Smith 212:Michael K. Smith 165: 139: 77: 71: 57: 35: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2890: 2889: 2878: 2870: 2867: 2841: 2812: 2808: 2793: 2787: 2718: 2694: 2654: 2650: 2635: 2625: 2591: 2524: 2520: 2509: 2503: 2477: 2454: 2391: 2386: 2372: 2350: 2277: 2252:qualification. 2225: 2191: 2185: 2137: 2114: 2110: 2056: 2040: 2033: 2010: 2006: 1964: 1960: 1925: 1870: 1852:#First sentence 1848:Foreign Affairs 1828: 1808:WP:Good article 1794: 1789: 1787: 1781: 1727:ethnic conflict 1700: 1668: 1648: 1608: 1574: 1535: 1504: 1332: 1314: 1297: 1121:Foreign Affairs 1098:Anglo-Irish War 972: 949: 929: 913:Allied Rangoons 899: 867:Allied Rangoons 817: 783: 729: 714: 693: 652: 577: 552: 531: 471: 413: 391: 386: 385: 384: 379: 375: 370: 366: 267: 236:Derrick Coetzee 148: 122: 109: 90:Allied Rangoons 67: 66: 36: 29: 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 2898: 2888: 2887: 2821: 2820: 2797: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2740:The Fog of War 2717: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2670:64.134.224.226 2663: 2662: 2639: 2624: 2611: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550:actual article 2533: 2532: 2513: 2502: 2499: 2476: 2473: 2462:85.193.238.207 2460: 2458:"domestic war" 2453: 2450: 2442:WindyCityABBoy 2431:WindyCityABBoy 2427: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2390: 2387: 2377: 2371: 2370:"Nation state" 2368: 2349: 2346: 2344:ConnieElliott 2276: 2273: 2260:example here. 2224: 2221: 2219: 2136: 2135:"nation state" 2133: 2109: 2106: 2032: 2029: 2017:189.58.230.249 2005: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1971:99.240.139.189 1959: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1758: 1742: 1712:Wandalstouring 1707: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1696: 1664: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1644: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1604: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1570: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1531: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1331: 1328: 1313: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1232: 1231: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1142:General Pardon 1134: 1133: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1053: 1052: 1034: 1033: 997: 996: 971: 968: 938: 937: 928: 925: 924: 923: 898: 895: 894: 893: 892: 891: 881:155.213.224.59 877: 847: 846: 836:91.109.175.252 816: 813: 800: 782: 779: 778: 777: 728: 725: 713: 710: 692: 689: 651: 648: 633: 631: 630: 629: 628: 603: 602: 598: 576: 573: 572: 571: 551: 548: 530: 527: 470: 467: 466: 465: 464: 463: 450: 449: 412: 409: 390: 389:First sentence 387: 383: 382: 373: 363: 362: 358: 329: 327: 326: 325: 324: 311: 307: 266: 265:First sentence 263: 240: 225: 224: 223: 222: 221: 192: 187: 186: 185: 184: 171: 170: 169: 168: 167: 166: 155:99.240.139.189 129:12.187.107.130 119: 118: 117: 116: 108: 105: 104: 103: 102: 101: 82: 81: 65:Irrelevant. — 63: 28: 25: 18:Talk:Civil war 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2897: 2886: 2881: 2874: 2873: 2863: 2862:autoconfirmed 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2815:parameter to 2806: 2802: 2798: 2791: 2790: 2780: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2700: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2681: 2675: 2671: 2660: 2657:parameter to 2648: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2632: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2530: 2527:parameter to 2518: 2514: 2507: 2506: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2334:ConnieElliott 2331: 2329: 2328: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2299:Why Men Rebel 2296: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2247: 2242: 2241:slightly to: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2190: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2161:civil society 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890:Francis Smith 1887: 1884:Indeed, the 1882: 1878: 1874: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1792: 1784: 1779: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1698:contributions 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1666:contributions 1662: 1651: 1647: 1646:contributions 1642: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1611: 1607: 1606:contributions 1602: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1583: 1577: 1573: 1572:contributions 1568: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1533:contributions 1529: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1450:points are. 1443: 1440: 1437: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1312: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1298: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1004: 1000: 995: 992: 989: 985: 981: 977: 976: 975: 967: 965: 961: 957: 956:221.201.41.17 953: 945: 942: 934: 933: 932: 922: 918: 914: 910: 909: 908: 905: 902: 890: 886: 882: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 859: 855: 851: 850: 849: 848: 845: 841: 837: 833: 832: 831: 830: 826: 822: 812: 809: 806: 802: 798: 797: 793: 789: 776: 773: 770: 765: 761: 760: 759: 758: 755: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 724: 723: 720: 709: 706: 703: 702: 699: 688: 685: 684: 681: 675: 674: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 647: 646: 642: 638: 627: 624: 619: 618: 616: 612: 611: 610: 607: 599: 597: 594: 593: 592: 589: 585: 582: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557: 556: 547: 545: 540: 536: 529:"Criteria is" 526: 525: 521: 517: 511: 508: 504: 503: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 475: 462: 459: 454: 453: 452: 451: 448: 445: 441: 437: 436: 435: 432: 428: 424: 420: 408: 407: 403: 399: 394: 377: 368: 364: 361: 357: 356: 352: 348: 343: 339: 336: 332: 323: 320: 317: 312: 308: 304: 303: 302: 298: 294: 289: 288: 287: 285: 282: 276: 275: 272: 262: 261: 258: 254: 253:be left alone 250: 245: 244: 239: 237: 233: 230: 220: 217: 213: 209: 204: 203: 201: 200: 199: 197: 191: 183: 180: 175: 174: 173: 172: 164: 160: 156: 152: 146: 145: 144: 143: 142: 141: 140: 138: 134: 130: 126: 113: 112: 111: 110: 99: 95: 91: 86: 85: 84: 83: 80: 75: 70: 64: 62: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 34: 33: 32: 19: 2865: 2845: 2827:Cluster86392 2824: 2816: 2801:edit request 2765: 2763: 2744: 2723: 2719: 2698: 2666: 2658: 2643:edit request 2600:Power~enwiki 2595: 2589: 2577:73.158.16.14 2571:— Preceding 2568: 2539: 2536: 2528: 2517:edit request 2495: 2484:86.164.202.0 2481: 2478: 2457: 2455: 2428: 2392: 2373: 2351: 2332: 2325: 2323: 2314: 2311: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2279: 2278: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2243: 2240: 2229: 2226: 2218: 2200: 2179: 2176: 2169: 2141:nation state 2138: 2121:87.91.90.219 2111: 2090: 2034: 2007: 1961: 1926: 1885: 1880: 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Thx. -- 398:Cutegirl00 360:References 2846:Not done: 2805:Civil war 2647:Civil war 2091:civil war 1486:Randomran 1455:Randomran 1330:Randomran 1311:Civil war 712:Interwiki 411:Vandalism 69:ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ 43:Mv Cristi 2573:unsigned 2546:citation 2307:The Trap 2291:The Trap 2262:Kingal86 2257:de facto 2147:and the 2117:unsigned 2013:unsigned 1967:unsigned 1599:'Kay. -- 1096:or the 952:unsigned 579:This is 535:criteria 431:contribs 423:Draicone 419:unsigned 281:RobertHC 151:unsigned 125:unsigned 51:contribs 39:unsigned 2850:request 2059:protect 2054:history 2039:to the 1731:through 1379:WP:NPOV 854:sources 788:Angncon 764:removed 762:I have 754:Jdorney 623:Rjensen 477:Quote: 444:W.marsh 88:Thanks, 74:ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ 27:culture 2776:MaxEnt 2750:MaxEnt 2730:MaxEnt 2356:Lihaas 2246:Taiwan 2236:Taiwan 2232:Cyprus 2182:fitnas 2063:delete 1992:Banyan 1946:Banyan 1911:Banyan 1906:Ogaden 1856:Banyan 1812:Dr pda 1762:Banyan 1689:biting 1677:Banyan 1629:Banyan 1624:before 1589:Banyan 1555:Banyan 1512:Banyan 1470:Banyan 1436:Banyan 1409:Banyan 1390:Banyan 1364:Banyan 1343:Banyan 1319:Banyan 1279:Banyan 1223:Banyan 1125:Banyan 1094:the 45 1063:Banyan 1044:Banyan 1025:Banyan 988:Banyan 863:Rds865 821:Rds865 769:Banyan 747:, the 743:, the 735:, the 637:Rds865 615:Xangel 581:Xangel 561:Rds865 544:Plkldf 516:Rds865 458:Xangel 440:WP:SPP 316:Banyan 208:seemed 2879:Meep? 2813:|ans= 2799:This 2745:civil 2687:: --> 2683:: --> 2678:: --> 2655:|ans= 2641:This 2627:: --> 2621:: --> 2618:: --> 2614:: --> 2525:|ans= 2515:This 2348:Links 2196:civil 2080:views 2072:watch 2068:links 1923:Typo? 1482:WP:VG 1186:p. 33 698:Uwops 680:Uwops 621:them. 306:page. 16:< 2831:talk 2706:talk 2702:Izno 2699:Done 2674:talk 2604:talk 2596:Done 2581:talk 2544:The 2488:talk 2466:talk 2446:talk 2435:talk 2415:talk 2400:talk 2380:talk 2360:talk 2338:talk 2266:talk 2234:and 2211:(𒁳) 2125:talk 2099:talk 2095:meco 2076:logs 2050:talk 2046:edit 2021:talk 1995:Tree 1975:talk 1949:Tree 1935:talk 1914:Tree 1894:talk 1859:Tree 1836:talk 1816:talk 1778:here 1765:Tree 1716:talk 1691:. -- 1680:Tree 1632:Tree 1592:Tree 1558:Tree 1545:The 1515:Tree 1490:talk 1473:Tree 1459:talk 1439:Tree 1412:Tree 1393:Tree 1367:Tree 1346:Tree 1322:Tree 1282:Tree 1268:talk 1244:talk 1226:Tree 1203:talk 1179:ISBN 1162:talk 1156:. -- 1128:Tree 1080:talk 1066:Tree 1047:Tree 1028:Tree 991:Tree 960:talk 917:talk 885:talk 871:talk 858:then 840:talk 825:talk 792:talk 772:Tree 641:talk 565:talk 520:talk 469:NPOV 427:talk 402:talk 351:talk 319:Tree 297:talk 196:isis 159:talk 133:talk 94:talk 47:talk 2871:Hef 2811:or 2803:to 2653:or 2645:to 2523:or 2366:). 2207:dab 2198:. 1695:- / 1663:- / 1643:- / 1603:- / 1569:- / 1530:- / 1430:.) 1264:PBS 1240:PBS 1199:PBS 1158:PBS 1076:PBS 249:can 2868:El 2833:) 2817:no 2708:) 2676:) 2659:no 2606:) 2583:) 2529:no 2490:) 2468:) 2437:) 2417:) 2402:) 2382:) 2362:) 2340:) 2268:) 2192:}} 2186:{{ 2127:) 2101:) 2078:| 2074:| 2070:| 2066:| 2061:| 2057:| 2052:| 2048:| 2023:) 1977:) 1937:) 1896:) 1838:) 1818:) 1810:. 1795:17 1790:Ed 1718:) 1492:) 1461:) 1270:) 1246:) 1205:) 1193:, 1164:) 1082:) 962:) 919:) 887:) 873:) 842:) 827:) 794:) 739:, 643:) 613:-- 567:) 539:is 522:) 433:) 429:• 404:) 353:) 299:) 286:) 161:) 135:) 96:) 53:) 49:• 2882:) 2876:( 2829:( 2704:( 2672:( 2602:( 2579:( 2486:( 2464:( 2444:( 2433:( 2413:( 2398:( 2378:( 2358:( 2354:( 2336:( 2264:( 2123:( 2097:( 2082:) 2044:( 2019:( 1973:( 1933:( 1892:( 1834:( 1814:( 1714:( 1488:( 1457:( 1266:( 1242:( 1201:( 1160:( 1148:( 1078:( 958:( 915:( 883:( 869:( 838:( 823:( 790:( 639:( 563:( 518:( 425:( 400:( 349:( 295:( 279:( 157:( 131:( 100:. 92:( 76:) 72:( 45:(

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