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Tehran hosted several rounds of the Tajik peace negotiations in 1994, 1995, and 1997, bringing both sides to the discussion table. President Rahmon paid an official visit to Tehran in 1995 and opened an embassy there. But seen from
Dushanbe, Moscow was a more reliable ally than Tehran, and any kind of pan-Persian nationalism was rapidly shut down by the authorities.
2054:"Department Sozialwissenschaften : Institut für Politische Wissenschaft : Arbeits- und Forschungsstellen : Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kriegsursachenforschung : Kriege-Archiv : ... VMO: 208 Tadschikistan (BK) – Bewaffneter Konflikt in Tadschikistan 1992–1998 und 1998–2001 (Universität Hamburg)"
1754:
At the end of 1992, Tajikistan entered into a bloody civil war. Tehran gave refuge and support to the leaders of the
Democratic-Islamic coalition of the Tajik opposition, and was therefore considered to be a pro-Islamic actor. However, it also contributed a critical role in helping peace discussions:
1299:
on 26 June to finish negotiating the peace agreement. The Tajik government had previously pushed for settling these issues after the two sides signed the agreement, with the posts in the coalition government decided by a joint commission for national reconciliation and prisoner exchanges by a future
987:
The main zone of conflict was in the country's south, although disturbances occurred nationwide. The civil war was at its peak during its first year and continued for five years, devastating the country. An estimated 20,000 to 150,000 people were killed in the conflict, and about 10 to 20 percent of
1184:
Ibodullo
Boimatov and his units in coalition with Kulobi forces also played a crucial, decisive role to the victory against the opposition. Starting off with a few hundred men in Regar with support from Uzbekistan against the local oppositional juntas - who were discriminatively targeting Uzbeks of
2616:
1122:
in Soviet times. After many clashes, the
Leninabadis were forced to accept a compromise and a new coalition government was formed, incorporating members of the opposition and eventually dominated by them. On 7 September 1992, Nabiyev was captured by opposition protesters and forced at gunpoint to
1311:
million people were refugees inside and outside the country. Tajikistan's physical infrastructure, government services and economy were in disarray and much of the population was surviving on subsistence handouts from international aid organizations. The United
Nations established a
1177:. The campaign was concentrated in areas south of the capital and included the murder of prominent individuals, mass killings, the burning of villages and the expulsion of the Pamiri and Garmi population into Afghanistan. The violence was particularly concentrated in
2612:
1260:
initiative in which the main players were brought together by international actors, namely the United States and Russia. The peace agreement eliminated the
Leninabad region (Khujand) from power. Presidential elections were held on 6 November 1999.
1420:
1185:
the region, too soon
Boimatovs militia grew to few thousand units and aided heavily the Kulobi coalition against the opposition. His men seized the control of capital Dushanbe twice during the course of war from the opposition forces.
1784:
Tajikistan has accused Iran of having played a subversive role in the country's civil war in the 1990s by sending terrorists to the
Central Asian republic, the latest sign of deteriorating relations between the two
3454:
1216:
Other combatants and armed bands that flourished in this civil chaos simply reflected the breakdown of central authority rather than loyalty to a political faction. In response to the violence the
1279:
on 23 June 1997 that it would not sign the proposed peace agreement on 27 June if prisoner exchanges and the allocation of jobs in the coalition government were not outlined in the agreement.
4488:
1220:
was deployed. Most fighting in the early part of the war occurred in the southern part of the country, but by 1996 the rebels were battling
Russian troops in the capital city of
1444:
1142:(parliament), where the coalition faction between Khujand and Kulob had held the majority of seats all along, convened and elected a new government under the leadership of
6075:
1864:
1831:
1049:
There were numerous causes of civil war in
Tajikistan, such as economic hardship, communal way of life of Tajiki people and their high religiosity. Under Soviet President
1165:. In large part due to the foreign support they received, the Regari-Kulobi militias were able to soundly defeat opposition forces and went on what has been described by
605:
6090:
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1068:
Tensions began in the spring of 1992 after opposition members took to the streets in demonstrations against the results of the 1991 presidential election. President
615:
2012:
5201:
1091:
Fighting broke out on 5 May 1992 between old-guard supporters of the government and a loosely organized opposition composed of ethnic and regional groups from the
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1801:
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and some other movements. The fight between the former communist elite and opposition shifted from the political sphere to an ethnic and clan based one.
1981:
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1917:
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region, which had also made up most of the ruling elite during the entire Soviet period. It was also supported by people from the Kulob and Regar (
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1330:
Journalists were particularly targeted for assassination and at least 40 Tajik journalists were killed. Many more fled the country, leading to a
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forces routed the opposition in early and late 1992. The coalition government in the capital was forced to resign. On 12 December 1992 the
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The height of hostilities occurred from 1992 to 1993 and pitted Kulobi militias against an array of groups, including militants from the
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1653:
5441:
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4336:
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1283:, second-in-command of the UTO, repeated this warning on 26 June, but said both sides were negotiating. President Rahmon, UTO leader
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61:
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became a benefactor of the Tajik opposition. Later in the war the opposition organized under an umbrella group called the
6115:
6105:
5984:
5357:
4620:
3951:
3496:
2004:
1316:
in December 1994, maintaining peace negotiations until the warring sides signed a comprehensive peace agreement in 1997.
2104:
1725:
Fearing a continuity of Soviet-era policies, Iran supported the Islamic and nationalist opposition during the civil war.
1393:
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732:
47:
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3333:
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1480:
688:
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17:
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2519:Таҷрибаи таърихии сулҳи Тоҷикистон. Маҷмӯи тезисҳои Симпозиуми байналмиллалӣ. Душанбе, 26-27 апрели соли 2001
1973:
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3397:
3365:
3306:
3227:
3185:
3068:
2292:
1909:
1181:, the power base of the IRP and home to many Garmis. Tens of thousands were killed or fled to Afghanistan.
712:
683:
277:
1304:
met with the Foreign Ministers of Iran, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to discuss the proposed peace accord.
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3370:
3259:
3150:
3135:
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1942:
1135:
912:
649:
130:
1057:' policies, a Muslim-Democratic movement began to emerge in Tajiki SSR. The backbone of opposition were
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3180:
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1123:
resign his presidency. Chaos and fighting between the opposing factions reigned outside of the capital
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4014:
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2464:
1615:[Americans are afraid of Belarusian tanks. Belarus is not afraid of American sanctions].
1554:
1265:
1202:
1079:
orchestrated the dispersal of weapons to pro-government militias, while the opposition turned to
993:
981:
772:
229:
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922:
744:
693:
3125:
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2657:
2253:
2234:
1769:"Tajikistan Accuses Iran of Sponsoring Terrorism, Restricts Iranian Organizations' Activities"
1110:
reformists and Islamists. The government, on the other hand, was dominated by people from the
988:
the population of Tajikistan were internally displaced. On 27 June 1997, Tajikistan president
55:
5825:
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43:
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4233:
4102:
4087:
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1253:
420:
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8:
6100:
5175:
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4697:
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3025:
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1339:
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1037:
997:
889:
466:
4208:
2191:
2125:
5388:
5277:
5133:
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376:
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2222:
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1343:
1280:
1198:
1151:
1076:
1050:
973:
969:
749:
717:
2489:
1307:
By the end of the war, Tajikistan was in a state of complete devastation. Around 1.2
1213:, while the leadership of the UTO was opposed to the formation of the organization.
6008:
5900:
5815:
5687:
5562:
5557:
5510:
5414:
5298:
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4293:
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4145:
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3020:
2990:
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1622:
1569:
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1301:
1240:
in 2007 in honour of 'Day of National Unity', declared a work-free holiday in 1998.
1170:
953:
949:
857:
852:
787:
4920:
2080:
Political Construction Sites: Nation-building in Russia and the Post-Soviet States
5846:
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5308:
5196:
4858:
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4707:
4615:
3936:
3911:
3888:
3677:
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2918:
2898:
2652:
2279:
2260:
2241:
2198:
2179:
2132:
2086:
2040:
1888:"Features of the ethnic and confessional situation in the Republic of Tajikistan"
1613:"Американцы боятся белорусских танков. Белоруссия американских санкций не боится"
1375:
1194:
1006:
General Agreement on the Establishment of Peace and National Accord in Tajikistan
777:
293:
262:
4203:
2293:"Tajikistan's Civil War: A Nightmare The Government Won't Let Its People Forget"
1910:"Tajikistan's Civil War: A Nightmare The Government Won't Let Its People Forget"
5879:
5727:
5670:
5303:
5272:
4883:
4787:
4303:
4283:
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3587:
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2717:
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1518:
1431:
1335:
1276:
1245:
1143:
1139:
1073:
1069:
989:
961:
487:
437:
387:
365:
2385:
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4180:
4122:
4112:
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3720:
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3195:
2394:
2347:
2339:
2100:
1288:
1174:
1146:, representing a shift in power from the old power based in Leninabad to the
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409:
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4752:
4371:
4298:
4253:
3987:
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3000:
2966:
2721:
2436:
2210:
1463:
1427:
1351:
1193:
In Afghanistan, the opposition reorganized and rearmed with the aid of the
1178:
431:
3237:
6039:
6034:
4351:
4238:
4213:
4155:
4117:
4107:
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3311:
3232:
3165:
2995:
1331:
1054:
583:
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4996:
4853:
4727:
4341:
4127:
4072:
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2148:
1590:
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1131:
1115:
1107:
1080:
957:
872:
546:
537:
528:
510:
426:
415:
393:
382:
371:
360:
192:
180:
168:
124:
87:
3786:
984:. The government was supported by Russian military and border guards.
4893:
4687:
4406:
4346:
4228:
3838:
3205:
2668:
Tajikistan: Secular – not Shari'a – law prevails in eastern mountains
1249:
1206:
1104:
977:
948:, began in May 1992 and ended in June 1997. Regional groups from the
257:
1798:"Боевые действия на таджикско-афганской границе (начало 1990–х гг.)"
5737:
4952:
4243:
4218:
4175:
4009:
3992:
3916:
3770:
3632:
1617:
1455:
1221:
1124:
482:
324:
317:
4170:
2218:
1688:"Iran dismisses Tajik civil war claims as attempt to damage ties"
1451:
1435:
1379:
1367:
1334:. Notable individuals murdered include journalist and politician
1292:
1237:
1147:
1111:
1100:
965:
209:
2658:
Tajikistan: Opposition criticizes Dushanbe's plan for Commission
2621:(in Ukrainian). Vol. 1. Kiev: Знання України. p. 760.
1252:
finally ended the war in 1997. This was in part fostered by the
1232:
4097:
2709:
1359:
1296:
1017:
1013:
519:
444:
404:
156:
1002:
Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General
1459:
1092:
1713:"A Thaw Between Tajikistan and Iran, But Challenges Remain"
1587:"Tajikistan: President Meets With Popular Front Commanders"
1412:
342:
1426:
Tajikistan factions in civil war: Leading clans: Northern
1354:, a noted Japanese scholar of Central Asian history; Maj.
3894:
Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe
3873:
2254:
Tajikistan: Opposition may not sign peace accord tomorrow
2235:
Tajikistan: Opposition warns it may not sign peace accord
2173:
Tajikistan: Refugee reintegration and conflict prevention
1857:"The Peace Deal That Ended Tajikistan's Bloody Civil War"
960:
rose up against the newly formed government of President
78:(5 years, 1 month, 3 weeks and 1 day)
2646:
Key texts and agreements in the Tajikistan peace process
2517:
2491:
Land Beyond the River: The Untold Story of Central Asia
1450:
The most important cities involved in the conflict. 1)
972:
regions. The rebel groups were led by a combination of
3504:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1589:. Radio Liberty Archives. 9 July 1997. Archived from
1559:
2005:"Tajikistan's Unconquerable Gorno-Badakhshan Region"
6076:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia
4950:
2370:(1996). "Why did nationalism fail in Tajikistan?".
2126:
Human Rights Watch Press Backgrounder on Tajikistan
1532:
980:, who would later organize under the banner of the
2392:
6091:Conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union
2663:Tajikistan: Two Russian military personnel killed
2442:Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia
2215:Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia
1570:[ɡrɐʐˈdanskəjəvɐjˈnaf‿tədʐ(ː)ɨkʲɪˈstanʲe]
1486:United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan
1348:United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan
1218:United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan
1205:, or UTO. Elements of the UTO, especially in the
1188:
6057:
5700:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)
5283:East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022)
3519:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
2849:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
2072:
5875:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)
5666:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)
5082:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)
3932:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
3638:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
3553:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
1828:"The Many Agents Of Tajikistan's Path To Peace"
1739:"Iran and Tajikistan: A Story of Love and Hate"
4713:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
2273:Tajikistan: rising from the ashes of civil war
1300:set of negotiations. Russian Foreign Minister
4936:
3802:
3492:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
2693:
2615:(2004). "Громадянська війна в Таджикистані".
2469:The New Central Asia, the Creation of Nations
2425:The History of the Tajik Civil War, 1992–1997
2344:Tajikistan: Disintegration or Reconciliation?
1547:
599:
5060:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)
5055:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)
5009:Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)
1903:
1901:
1543:[ˈdʒaŋɡɪʃɐɦɾʋɐnˈdijɪtʰɔdʒikʰɪsˈtʰɔn]
5070:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)
5002:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)
3445:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
3440:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
2192:Human Rights Watch World Report: Tajikistan
2046:
1736:
1374:from Tajikistan; and documentary filmmaker
1319:
5542:Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)
4992:2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4987:2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4943:
4929:
3809:
3795:
2761:Military history of the Russian Federation
2700:
2686:
2603:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2580:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2554:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2531:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2154:
2138:
1974:"TAJIKISTAN CIVIL WAR – Facts and Details"
1943:"The Tajik civil war: Causes and dynamics"
1937:
1935:
1885:
1621:(in Russian). 1 March 2002. Archived from
1227:
1103:). Ideologically, the opposition included
606:
592:
5342:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
5257:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
5014:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present)
3011:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)
2393:Djalili, Mohammad-Reza; Grare, Frédéric;
2185:
1898:
1851:
1849:
1821:
1819:
1675:Inside Al Qaeda: global network of terror
1130:With the aid of the Russian military and
1118:) region, who had held high posts in the
964:, which was dominated by people from the
613:
5661:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
5394:Philippine civil conflict (1969–present)
5337:South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)
5077:Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present)
2487:
2348:Royal Institute of International Affairs
2027:
1326:List of journalists killed in Tajikistan
1231:
1032:
4337:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
3816:
2972:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)
2842:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
2591:Тоҷикистон: роҳи сулҳ ва ризоияти милли
2228:
2204:
2002:
1932:
1907:
1825:
1161:(IRP) and ethnic minority Pamiris from
1159:Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan
1086:
1059:Party of Tajikistan Muslim Resurrection
62:15th Independent Special Forces Brigade
14:
6058:
5442:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
5040:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
4020:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
3957:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
3593:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
3524:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
3383:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
3361:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
3075:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)
2751:Military history of the Russian Empire
2435:
2400:Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence
2247:
1846:
1816:
1737:Abdulfattoh, Shafiev (February 2016).
1635:
5590:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)
5129:Maldives political crisis (2011–2013)
5050:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4982:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4924:
4367:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
3790:
3743:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
3121:Russian colonization of North America
2681:
1804:from the original on 13 November 2020
1629:
1568:
1541:
1099:areas (the latter were also known as
587:
5733:Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)
5521:2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes
2756:Military history of the Soviet Union
2618:Українська дипломатична енциклопедія
2266:
1886:Dubovitsky, Viktor (February 2003).
1656:from the original on 16 January 2016
5821:Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007)
5654:Western Iran clashes (2016–present)
3497:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
2463:
2166:
2119:
1867:from the original on 31 August 2022
24:
5842:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)
5811:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
5771:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)
5721:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997
5716:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)
5087:Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present)
3543:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
2909:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
2570:(in Tajik). Dushanbe. p. 360.
2332:
2015:from the original on 12 April 2019
1953:from the original on 12 April 2019
1639:Tajikistan in the New Central Asia
1399:Satellite photograph of Tajikistan
498:Shadman Youssof (Democratic Party)
25:
6157:
5537:Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)
5358:Indonesian occupation (1975–1999)
5171:Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present)
3864:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
3849:Criticism of communist party rule
3408:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
2636:
2299:from the original on 23 June 2017
2107:from the original on 4 March 2016
2003:Pannier, Bruce (9 October 2018).
1766:
1561:Graždanskaja vojna v Tadžikistane
1083:in Afghanistan for military aid.
5857:Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008)
5207:1994 North Korean nuclear crisis
5108:Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)
5024:Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995)
4910:Human rights in the Soviet Union
3869:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
3462:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
3255:Russian conquest of Central Asia
3191:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
2987:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
2929:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
1971:
1920:from the original on 5 June 2019
1834:from the original on 3 July 2017
1549:Гражданская война в Таджикистане
1443:
1419:
1404:
1392:
1270:United Nations Secretary General
545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
492:
481:
478:Mohammed Sharif Himmatzade (IRP)
472:
460:
453:
443:
436:
425:
414:
403:
392:
381:
370:
359:
335:
323:
310:
287:
271:
236:
222:
202:
185:
173:
161:
149:
117:
54:
6009:Sinai insurgency (2011–present)
5901:Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
5884:Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021)
5299:Myanmar conflict (1948–present)
5045:Kashmir conflict (1947–present)
4977:Kashmir conflict (1947–present)
4818:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
4748:Fall of the inner German border
3748:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
3393:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
3334:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
2611:
2366:
2311:
2295:. Radio Liberty. 23 June 2017.
2285:
2093:
2009:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1996:
1984:from the original on 5 May 2019
1965:
1914:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1908:Pannier, Bruce (23 June 2017).
1879:
1826:Pannier, Bruce (26 June 2017).
1636:Jonson, Lena (25 August 2006).
1512:
1481:Tajikistan-Uzbekistan relations
1338:, journalist and Jewish leader
6081:Civil wars of the 20th century
5753:ISIL insurgency (2017–present)
5649:Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011)
5389:Laotian insurgency (1975–2022)
5384:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)
5278:Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005)
5134:Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)
4808:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact
3947:Terrorism and the Soviet Union
3430:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)
3080:War of the Austrian Succession
2673:Tajikistan Civil War 1992–1994
2161:The Resurgence of Central Asia
1790:
1760:
1730:
1705:
1680:
1668:
1605:
1579:
1211:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
1189:Continued conflict (1993–1997)
1063:Democratic party of Tajikistan
819:Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes
554:Estimated around 50,000–70,000
330:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
13:
1:
5273:Papua conflict (1969–present)
4828:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
4427:Inter-regional Deputies Group
4412:National League for Democracy
3653:South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
3531:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3282:Russian invasion of Manchuria
3272:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
3218:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
3213:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
3156:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
3146:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
3111:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
3106:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
3096:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
3086:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
3064:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
3059:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)
3036:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
3031:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
3006:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
2982:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
2977:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
2962:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
2837:List of wars involving Russia
2832:Sino-Russian border conflicts
1677:, by Rohan Gunaratna, pg. 169
1534:Jangi shahrvandiyi Tojikiston
1506:
1173:campaign against Pamiris and
1028:
141:Socialist Party of Tajikistan
136:Communist Party of Tajikistan
5975:Yemeni crisis (2011–present)
5743:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
5415:FULRO insurgency (1964–1992)
5113:JVP insurrection (1987–1989)
4738:Alexanderplatz demonstration
4703:Polish Round Table Agreement
4377:People's Movement of Ukraine
3608:Eritrean War of Independence
3578:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
3573:East German uprising of 1953
3514:Eastern Front (World War II)
3403:Red Army invasion of Georgia
3398:Red Army invasion of Armenia
3366:Estonian War of Independence
3307:Russian occupation of Tabriz
3228:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
3186:War of the Seventh Coalition
3069:War of the Polish Succession
3016:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
2588:
2263:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
2244:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
1890:(in Russian). Archived from
1861:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
1120:Ministry of Internal Affairs
48:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)
7:
6096:Russia–Tajikistan relations
5980:Houthi takeover (2014–2015)
5847:Second Intifada (2000–2005)
5793:Syrian arena (2012–present)
5776:Second Intifada (2000–2005)
5693:Syrian arena (2012–present)
5644:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
5230:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)
5166:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)
5019:Religious violence in India
4783:January Events in Lithuania
4718:Hungarian Round Table Talks
4357:Democratic Party of Albania
3648:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
3598:Sino-Soviet border conflict
3467:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
3435:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
3371:Latvian War of Independence
3260:Russian conquest of Bukhara
3151:War of the Fourth Coalition
3136:War of the Second Coalition
2338:
1560:
1533:
1523:Ҷанги шаҳрвандии Тоҷикистон
1474:
524:5,000–15,000 border troops
131:Popular Front of Tajikistan
10:
6162:
6116:Wars involving Afghanistan
6106:Ethnicity-based civil wars
6030:Operation Inherent Resolve
5852:Gaza–Israel (2006–present)
5788:Iran–Israel (1985–present)
5781:Gaza–Israel (2006–present)
5678:Iran–Israel (1985–present)
5639:Kurdish separatism in Iran
4437:Hungarian Democratic Forum
4432:Alliance of Free Democrats
4422:Union of Democratic Forces
3643:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
3181:War of the Sixth Coalition
3171:War of the Fifth Coalition
3141:War of the Third Coalition
2746:Military history of Russia
2708:Armed conflicts involving
2539:
1385:
1323:
1154:, from which Rahmon came.
1042:
1023:
258:Rastokhez Popular Movement
6141:Wars involving Uzbekistan
6136:Wars involving Tajikistan
6126:Wars involving Kyrgyzstan
6121:Wars involving Kazakhstan
6111:Religion-based civil wars
6017:
5999:
5947:
5916:
5893:
5867:
5834:
5803:
5763:
5708:
5683:South Lebanon (1985–2000)
5631:
5615:
5582:
5575:
5550:
5529:
5503:
5487:
5434:
5427:
5376:
5350:
5329:
5291:
5265:
5249:
5242:
5222:
5202:Maritime border incidents
5184:
5158:
5151:
5121:
5095:
5032:
4969:
4962:
4902:
4836:
4798:1991 protests in Belgrade
4678:
4603:
4512:
4454:
4445:
4327:
4189:
4136:
4033:
3965:
3902:
3824:
3756:
3691:
3482:Soviet invasion of Poland
3292:
3176:French invasion of Russia
3044:
2942:
2861:
2787:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
2779:
2736:
2729:
2562:
2488:Whitlock, Monica (2003).
2386:10.1080/09668139608412402
2259:30 September 2007 at the
2240:30 September 2007 at the
2197:24 September 2015 at the
2145:Between Marx and Muhammad
2101:"Tajikistan – Government"
1746:Central Asia Policy Brief
1548:
1522:
733:North Caucasus insurgency
625:
578:
571:
558:
502:
352:
345:(alleged, denied by Iran)
243:Islamic Renaissance Party
106:
76:5 May 1992 – 27 June 1997
68:
60:Spetsnaz soldiers of the
53:
41:
36:
5985:Civil War (2014–present)
5934:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
5623:Bahraini uprising (2011)
5319:Civil war (2021–present)
4788:January Events in Latvia
4778:Reunification of Germany
4763:1990s post-Soviet aliyah
4693:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
4417:National Salvation Front
4402:Belarusian Popular Front
4392:Popular Front of Estonia
4161:Polish underground press
3922:List of socialist states
3623:South African Border War
3548:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
3450:Chechen uprising of 1932
3131:Russo-Persian War (1796)
2643:(in Russian and English)
2617:
2471:. London: I. B. Tauris.
2178:3 September 2007 at the
1491:1992 Tajikistan protests
1436:Pamir (Gorno-Badakhshan)
1346:and four members of the
1320:Targeting of journalists
5970:South Yemen (2009–2015)
5826:Lebanon conflict (2008)
5748:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
5563:Andijan massacre (2005)
5558:Fergana massacre (1989)
5103:JVP insurrection (1971)
4864:Economic liberalization
4803:1991 Belarusian strikes
4743:Fall of the Berlin Wall
4397:Public Against Violence
4387:Popular Front of Latvia
4166:Political demonstration
4015:Chinese economic reform
3927:People Power Revolution
3265:Khivan campaign of 1873
3116:Russo-Polish War (1792)
2131:19 October 2010 at the
2085:16 January 2016 at the
1642:. Bloomsbury Academic.
1228:Armistice and aftermath
1203:United Tajik Opposition
1004:Gerd Merrem signed the
994:United Tajik Opposition
982:United Tajik Opposition
253:Party of People's Unity
230:United Tajik Opposition
5516:2010 Kyrgyz Revolution
3998:New political thinking
3738:Western Libya campaign
3413:East Karelian uprising
2934:Wagner Group rebellion
2869:Uprising of Bolotnikov
2589:Саъдиев Ш. С. (2002).
2521:(in Tajik). Душ. 2001.
2278:18 August 2009 at the
2182:Open Society Institute
1947:Conciliation Resources
1411:Destroyed turret of a
1287:and Russian President
1241:
1040:
923:Wagner Group rebellion
353:Commanders and leaders
248:Tajik Democratic Party
6131:Wars involving Russia
6066:Tajikistani Civil War
5477:Republican insurgency
5176:Tibetan unrest (2008)
4869:Post-Soviet conflicts
4823:Tajikistani Civil War
4773:Revolution on Granite
4733:Monday Demonstrations
4259:Sanjaasürengiin Zorig
4093:Mengistu Haile Mariam
3859:Eastern Bloc politics
3733:Intervention in Syria
3668:Tajikistani Civil War
3376:Lithuanian–Soviet War
3317:Battle of Robat Karim
2766:Post-Soviet conflicts
2593:(in Tajik). Dushanbe.
2544:(in Tajik). Dushanbe.
2447:Yale University Press
2039:14 April 2007 at the
1773:Middle East Institute
1496:Post-Soviet conflicts
1268:warned in letters to
1235:
1197:. The group's leader
1045:History of Tajikistan
1036:
942:Tajikistani Civil War
878:Revolution of Dignity
815:Dungan–Kazakh clashes
617:Post-Soviet conflicts
574:1.2 million displaced
572:20,000–150,000 killed
559:Casualties and losses
46:and spillover of the
44:post-Soviet conflicts
37:Tajikistani Civil War
6146:Wars involving Nepal
5960:al-Qaeda (1998–2015)
5939:Turkey–ISIL conflict
5738:Iraq War (2003–2011)
4279:Vytautas Landsbergis
4274:Viacheslav Chornovil
4103:Denis Sassou Nguesso
3716:Annexation of Crimea
3420:Central Asian Revolt
3329:Ukrainian–Soviet War
3201:Russo-Circassian War
2884:Pugachev's Rebellion
2827:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
2771:Russian Armed Forces
2741:Early modern warfare
2651:18 July 2009 at the
2423:Mullojonov, Parviz.
2034:Tajikistan Civil War
1949:. 30 December 2011.
1625:on 20 November 2021.
1314:Mission of Observers
1275:and Tajik President
1254:Inter-Tajik Dialogue
1134:, the Regari-Kulobi
1087:Conflict (1992–1993)
944:, also known as the
898:annexation of Crimea
421:Nursultan Nazarbayev
64:during the Civil War
6071:1990s in Tajikistan
5139:Operation All Clear
4723:Pan-European Picnic
4698:1988 Polish strikes
4078:Wojciech Jaruzelski
3818:Revolutions of 1989
3776:Sphere of influence
3706:Russo-Ukrainian War
3563:First Indochina War
3536:Soviet–Japanese War
3472:Xinjiang War (1937)
3341:Kazakhstan Campaign
3126:Kościuszko Uprising
3026:Second Northern War
2904:Coup attempt (1991)
2797:Soviet-Finnish wars
2373:Europe-Asia Studies
2368:Akbarzadeh, Shahram
2060:on 16 November 2002
1978:factsanddetails.com
1340:Meirkhaim Gavrielov
1285:Sayid Abdulloh Nuri
1209:region, became the
1072:and Speaker of the
1038:1990 Dushanbe riots
998:Sayid Abdulloh Nuri
784:Kyrgyz revolutions
467:Sayid Abdulloh Nuri
6045:Colour revolutions
5965:Houthi (2004–2015)
5906:Regional spillover
5816:Lebanon War (2006)
5688:Lebanon War (2006)
4083:Slobodan Milošević
3952:Vatican Opposition
3766:Russian Revolution
3701:Russo-Georgian War
3683:Second Chechen War
3663:Georgian Civil War
3302:Russo-Japanese War
3054:Great Northern War
2952:Russo-Crimean Wars
2924:Second Chechen War
2822:Russo-Turkish wars
2817:Russo-Swedish wars
2807:Russo-Persian Wars
2792:Russo-Crimean Wars
2496:St. Martin's Press
2405:St. Martin's Press
2201:Human Rights Watch
2135:Human Rights Watch
1593:on 12 October 2017
1501:List of civil wars
1258:Track II diplomacy
1242:
1167:Human Rights Watch
1041:
1020:, ending the war.
974:liberal democratic
883:pro-Russian unrest
377:Akbarsho Iskandrov
212:(weapons supplies)
6053:
6052:
6000:Inter-continental
5995:
5994:
5929:DHKP/C insurgency
5924:Maoist insurgency
5571:
5570:
5423:
5422:
5314:Rohingya conflict
5238:
5237:
5147:
5146:
5065:Kargil War (1999)
4997:Kargil War (1999)
4956:conflicts in Asia
4918:
4917:
4844:Colour revolution
4674:
4673:
4641:Congo-Brazzaville
4362:Democratic Russia
4319:Pope John Paul II
4314:George H. W. Bush
4264:Vladimir Bukovsky
4053:Mikhail Gorbachev
4048:Nicolae Ceaușescu
3834:Era of Stagnation
3784:
3783:
3673:First Chechen War
3628:Soviet–Afghan War
3613:Angolan Civil War
3388:Polish–Soviet War
3346:Finnish Civil War
3324:Russian Civil War
3223:November Uprising
3161:Anglo-Russian War
3101:Bar Confederation
2914:First Chechen War
2894:Russian Civil War
2889:Decembrist revolt
2879:Bulavin Rebellion
2874:Razin's Rebellion
2857:
2856:
2812:Russo-Polish Wars
2780:Lists by opponent
2540:Усмон И. (2001).
1894:on 11 April 2008.
1830:. Radio Liberty.
1767:Ahmad, Majidyar.
1558:
1531:
1372:Jourajon Mahramov
1364:Adolfo Scharpegge
1344:Safarali Kenjayev
1281:Akbar Turajonzoda
1236:Holiday flags in
1199:Ahmad Shah Masoud
1077:Safarali Kenjayev
1051:Mikhail Gorbachev
935:
934:
582:
581:
102:
101:
16:(Redirected from
6153:
5955:Civil war (1994)
5580:
5579:
5511:1990 Osh clashes
5495:Ethnic conflicts
5432:
5431:
5409:
5402:
5247:
5246:
5212:2017–2018 crisis
5190:
5156:
5155:
4967:
4966:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4793:Transnistria War
4452:
4451:
4294:Aung San Suu Kyi
4209:Alexander Dubček
4146:Civil resistance
4003:Sinatra Doctrine
3983:Demokratizatsiya
3884:Shortage economy
3811:
3804:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3658:Transnistria War
3603:War of Attrition
3509:Continuation War
3458:
3250:January Uprising
3091:Seven Years' War
2991:Time of Troubles
2957:Russo-Kazan Wars
2802:Russo-Kazan Wars
2734:
2733:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2644:
2632:
2613:Перепелиця Г. М.
2608:
2602:
2594:
2585:
2579:
2571:
2559:
2553:
2545:
2536:
2530:
2522:
2509:
2482:
2460:
2418:
2389:
2380:(7): 1105–1129.
2361:
2327:
2326:
2325:on 17 June 2006.
2321:. Archived from
2319:"eurasianet.org"
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2289:
2283:
2270:
2264:
2251:
2245:
2232:
2226:
2208:
2202:
2189:
2183:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2142:
2136:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2056:. Archived from
2050:
2044:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1863:. 27 June 2021.
1853:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1447:
1430:(red), Southern
1423:
1408:
1396:
1356:Ryszard Szewczyk
1310:
1302:Yevgeny Primakov
1171:ethnic cleansing
1163:Gorno-Badakhshan
1097:Gorno-Badakhshan
954:Gorno-Badakhshan
810:Gorno-Badakhshan
805:South Kyrgyzstan
778:Batken spillover
635:Nagorno-Karabakh
620:
618:
608:
601:
594:
585:
584:
550:
549:
541:
540:
532:
531:
523:
522:
514:
513:
497:
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486:
485:
477:
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475:
465:
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463:
458:
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448:
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441:
440:
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386:
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375:
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364:
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341:
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328:
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316:
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313:
292:
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276:
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241:
240:
239:
227:
226:
225:
208:
206:
205:
191:
189:
188:
179:
177:
176:
167:
165:
164:
155:
153:
152:
123:
121:
120:
70:
69:
58:
34:
33:
21:
6161:
6160:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6086:1990s conflicts
6056:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6013:
6001:
5991:
5943:
5912:
5889:
5863:
5830:
5799:
5759:
5704:
5627:
5611:
5567:
5546:
5525:
5499:
5483:
5447:Afghan conflict
5419:
5405:
5398:
5372:
5346:
5325:
5309:Kachin conflict
5287:
5261:
5234:
5218:
5197:Korean conflict
5188:
5186:
5180:
5143:
5117:
5091:
5028:
4958:
4949:
4919:
4914:
4898:
4859:Democratization
4849:Decommunization
4832:
4768:Helsinki Summit
4708:April 9 tragedy
4680:
4670:
4599:
4508:
4456:
4447:
4441:
4329:
4323:
4191:
4185:
4138:
4132:
4088:Mathieu Kérékou
4035:
4029:
3961:
3937:Reagan Doctrine
3912:Active measures
3904:
3898:
3889:Totalitarianism
3826:
3820:
3815:
3785:
3780:
3752:
3693:
3687:
3678:War of Dagestan
3452:
3425:August Uprising
3294:
3288:
3277:Boxer Rebellion
3245:Amur Annexation
3046:
3040:
2944:
2938:
2919:War of Dagestan
2899:August Uprising
2853:
2775:
2725:
2706:
2653:Wayback Machine
2642:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2596:
2595:
2573:
2572:
2547:
2546:
2524:
2523:
2513:
2506:
2479:
2457:
2415:
2358:
2335:
2333:Further reading
2330:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2280:Wayback Machine
2271:
2267:
2261:Wayback Machine
2252:
2248:
2242:Wayback Machine
2233:
2229:
2209:
2205:
2199:Wayback Machine
2190:
2186:
2180:Wayback Machine
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2133:Wayback Machine
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2087:Wayback Machine
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2043:Global Security
2041:Wayback Machine
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1972:Hays, Jeffrey.
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1899:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1817:
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1791:
1777:
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1630:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1565:
1546:; Russian:
1538:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1477:
1470:
1448:
1439:
1424:
1415:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1388:
1376:Arcady Ruderman
1328:
1322:
1308:
1230:
1195:Jamiat-i-Islami
1191:
1089:
1047:
1031:
1026:
1010:Moscow Protocol
946:Tajik Civil War
938:
937:
936:
931:
890:Russo-Ukrainian
844:
759:
728:guerrilla phase
713:Chechen–Russian
621:
616:
614:
612:
573:
544:
543:
535:
534:
526:
525:
517:
516:
508:
493:
491:
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461:
459:
454:
452:
442:
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434:
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402:
401:
391:
390:
380:
379:
369:
368:
358:
348:
336:
334:
322:
311:
309:
294:Jamiat-e Islami
288:
286:
272:
270:
263:Lali Badakhshan
237:
235:
223:
221:
215:
203:
201:
186:
184:
183:
174:
172:
171:
162:
160:
159:
150:
148:
118:
116:
90:
77:
59:
28:
23:
22:
18:Tajik Civil War
15:
12:
11:
5:
6159:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6018:Related topics
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6005:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5880:Qatif conflict
5871:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5728:Iraqi conflict
5725:
5724:
5723:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5671:Qatif conflict
5663:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5586:
5584:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5444:
5438:
5436:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5403:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5304:Karen conflict
5295:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5244:
5243:Southeast Asia
5240:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5193:
5191:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5042:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4973:
4971:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4948:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4925:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4884:Post-communism
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4474:Czechoslovakia
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4457:Eastern Europe
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4304:Isaias Afwerki
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4284:Zianon Pazniak
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4063:Erich Honecker
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3844:Anti-communism
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3761:Russian Winter
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Vlora incident
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3351:Sochi conflict
3348:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
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2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
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2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2638:
2637:External links
2635:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2609:
2586:
2560:
2537:
2511:
2510:
2504:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2461:
2455:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2395:Akiner, Shirin
2390:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2310:
2284:
2282:United Nations
2265:
2246:
2227:
2219:Orient Longman
2203:
2184:
2165:
2163:. Ahmed Rashid
2153:
2137:
2118:
2092:
2071:
2045:
2026:
1995:
1964:
1931:
1897:
1878:
1845:
1815:
1789:
1759:
1729:
1704:
1679:
1667:
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1604:
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1575:
1574:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1432:Khatlon Region
1425:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1336:Otakhon Latifi
1321:
1318:
1277:Emomali Rahmon
1246:United Nations
1229:
1226:
1190:
1187:
1144:Emomali Rahmon
1140:Supreme Soviet
1088:
1085:
1074:Supreme Soviet
1070:Rahmon Nabiyev
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
990:Emomali Rahmon
976:reformers and
962:Rahmon Nabiyev
933:
932:
930:
929:
928:
927:
926:
925:
920:
910:
905:
900:
887:
886:
885:
880:
875:
867:
862:
861:
860:
849:
848:
847:Eastern Europe
843:
842:
840:Karakalpakstan
837:
832:
831:
830:
825:
817:
812:
807:
802:
801:
800:
795:
790:
782:
781:
780:
770:
764:
763:
758:
757:
755:Russo-Georgian
752:
747:
742:
741:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
710:
705:
704:
703:
702:
701:
696:
691:
681:
671:
670:
669:
667:2023 offensive
664:
663:
662:
652:
647:
642:
631:
630:
626:
623:
622:
611:
610:
603:
596:
588:
580:
579:
576:
575:
569:
568:
565:
561:
560:
556:
555:
552:
515:42,000–45,000
505:
504:
500:
499:
488:Ibn al-Khattab
450:
388:Emomali Rahmon
366:Rahmon Nabiyev
355:
354:
350:
349:
347:
346:
332:
320:
300:
299:
298:
297:
268:
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91:
86:
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66:
65:
51:
50:
39:
38:
32:
31:
27:Armed conflict
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6158:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6025:War on terror
6023:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
5998:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5600:2016 conflict
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5472:2001–2021 War
5470:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4946:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4889:Yugoslav Wars
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4879:Neo-Stalinism
4877:
4875:
4874:Neo-Sovietism
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4758:Black January
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4677:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:Ronald Reagan
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4289:Zhelyu Zhelev
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Boris Yeltsin
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:Joachim Gauck
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4181:Strike action
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:Todor Zhivkov
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Deng Xiaoping
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:Soviet Empire
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:International
3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3800:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3726:2022 invasion
3724:
3722:
3721:War in Donbas
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Ili Rebellion
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:Caucasian War
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2628:966-316-039-X
2624:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2437:Rashid, Ahmed
2434:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2357:1-86203-061-8
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1786:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1714:
1708:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1655:
1651:
1649:9781845112936
1645:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1562:
1556:
1544:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:, politician
1341:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:Boris Yeltsin
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:Popular Front
1133:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:(UTO) leader
995:
991:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
913:2022 invasion
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
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738:IS insurgency
736:
734:
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729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
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709:
708:North Ossetia
706:
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697:
695:
692:
690:
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686:
685:
682:
680:
679:South Ossetia
677:
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672:
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655:Border crisis
653:
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410:Boris Yeltsin
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399:Islam Karimov
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196:Supported by:
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5868:Saudi Arabia
5576:Western Asia
5536:
5428:Central Asia
4837:Later events
4822:
4753:Malta Summit
4585:Turkmenistan
4513:Soviet Union
4499:Soviet Union
4479:East Germany
4299:Meles Zenawi
4254:Sali Berisha
4204:Václav Havel
4151:Human chains
4058:Károly Grósz
3988:Khozraschyot
3879:Nomenklatura
3854:Eastern Bloc
3667:
3477:World War II
3001:Smolensk War
2967:Livonian War
2590:
2567:
2541:
2518:
2512:
2494:. New York:
2490:
2468:
2465:Roy, Olivier
2441:
2424:
2403:. New York:
2399:
2377:
2371:
2343:
2323:the original
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2287:
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2249:
2230:
2214:
2211:Ahmed Rashid
2206:
2187:
2168:
2160:
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2144:
2140:
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2095:
2078:
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2058:the original
2048:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2008:
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1977:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1946:
1922:. Retrieved
1913:
1892:the original
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1860:
1836:. Retrieved
1806:. Retrieved
1792:
1783:
1776:. Retrieved
1762:
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1749:
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1732:
1724:
1717:. Retrieved
1707:
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1691:
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1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1638:
1631:
1623:the original
1616:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:the original
1581:
1514:
1464:Qurghonteppa
1428:Sughd Region
1352:Yutaka Akino
1329:
1306:
1263:
1243:
1215:
1192:
1183:
1179:Qurghonteppa
1156:
1129:
1090:
1067:
1048:
1009:
1005:
986:
945:
941:
939:
908:Kerch Strait
853:Transnistria
767:
762:Central Asia
660:2022 clashes
449:Hassan Abaza
432:Askar Akayev
303:Supported by
302:
301:
296:(until 1996)
269:
228:
195:
147:
115:
107:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
6040:Arab Winter
6035:Arab Spring
5435:Afghanistan
5368:2006 crisis
5363:1999 crisis
4813:August Coup
4666:South Yemen
4611:Afghanistan
4455:Central and
4448:by location
4352:Civic Forum
4239:Feng Congde
4214:Ion Iliescu
4199:Lech Wałęsa
4156:Magnitizdat
4118:Zhao Ziyang
4108:Heng Samrin
4068:Miloš Jakeš
3978:Perestroika
3583:Vietnam War
3453: [
3312:World War I
3233:Crimean War
3166:Finnish War
3082:(1740–1748)
3071:(1733–1738)
2996:Ingrian War
2712:(including
2111:17 December
2064:26 February
1715:. Jamestown
1660:17 December
1332:brain drain
1291:met in the
1248:-sponsored
1055:Perestroika
956:regions of
865:1993 Moscow
278:Afghanistan
6101:Proxy wars
6060:Categories
5605:Second War
5583:Azerbaijan
5551:Uzbekistan
5530:Tajikistan
5504:Kyrgyzstan
5488:Kazakhstan
5451:Civil War
5351:East Timor
5189:and South)
4963:South Asia
4854:Lustration
4728:Baltic Way
4679:Individual
4656:Mozambique
4595:Uzbekistan
4580:Tajikistan
4565:Kyrgyzstan
4560:Kazakhstan
4525:Azerbaijan
4504:Yugoslavia
4382:Solidarity
4342:Charter 77
4328:Opposition
4224:Wu'erkaixi
4190:Opposition
4137:Opposition
4128:Siad Barre
4073:Egon Krenz
4043:Ramiz Alia
4034:Government
3973:Uskoreniye
3905:background
3827:background
3618:Ogaden War
3568:Korean War
3487:Winter War
3356:Heimosodat
2943:Tsardom of
2564:Нури С. А.
2505:031227727X
2478:1860642799
2456:0300093454
2445:. London:
2414:0312161433
2346:. London:
2149:Dilip Hiro
1785:countries.
1507:References
1324:See also:
1273:Kofi Annan
1132:Uzbekistan
1116:Tursunzoda
1112:Leninabadi
1105:democratic
1081:mujahideen
1043:See also:
1029:Background
958:Tajikistan
873:Euromaidan
835:Kazakhstan
773:Uzbekistan
768:Tajikistan
750:Ingushetia
193:Kyrgyzstan
181:Kazakhstan
169:Uzbekistan
125:Tajikistan
88:Tajikistan
5835:Palestine
5595:First War
5465:1996–2001
5460:1992–1996
5455:1989–1992
5266:Indonesia
5152:East Asia
5096:Sri Lanka
4894:Pink tide
4688:Jeltoqsan
4604:Elsewhere
4555:Lithuania
4407:Rastokhez
4347:New Forum
4330:movements
4229:Chai Ling
3839:Communism
3238:Åland War
3206:Murid War
3045:18th–19th
2599:cite book
2576:cite book
2550:cite book
2527:cite book
2340:Akiner S.
2223:Hyderabad
2090:, page 76
1871:31 August
1697:10 August
1555:romanized
1528:romanized
1250:armistice
1207:Tavildara
978:Islamists
893:(outline)
98:Ceasefire
6002:conflict
5330:Thailand
5250:Cambodia
5033:Pakistan
4953:Cold War
4651:Mongolia
4646:Ethiopia
4631:Cambodia
4535:Chechnya
4469:Bulgaria
4244:Tank Man
4234:Wang Dan
4219:Liu Gang
4176:Samizdat
4171:Protests
4010:Glasnost
3993:500 Days
3917:Cold War
3825:Internal
3771:Cold War
3633:Gulf War
2989:and the
2862:Internal
2718:Imperial
2649:Archived
2568:Оштинома
2566:(2001).
2542:Сулҳнома
2467:(2000).
2439:(2002).
2397:(1997).
2342:(2001).
2297:Archived
2276:Archived
2257:Archived
2238:Archived
2195:Archived
2176:Archived
2129:Archived
2105:Archived
2083:Archived
2037:Archived
2013:Archived
1982:Archived
1951:Archived
1918:Archived
1865:Archived
1832:Archived
1802:Archived
1778:9 August
1654:Archived
1618:Lenta.ru
1475:See also
1456:Dushanbe
1434:(blue),
1222:Dushanbe
1148:militias
1125:Dushanbe
1008:and the
869:Ukraine
745:Dagestan
684:Abkhazia
629:Caucasus
503:Strength
318:al-Qaeda
83:Location
5804:Lebanon
5616:Bahrain
5292:Myanmar
4903:Related
4661:Somalia
4590:Ukraine
4570:Moldova
4545:Georgia
4540:Estonia
4530:Belarus
4520:Armenia
4494:Romania
4484:Hungary
4464:Albania
4372:Sąjūdis
4192:leaders
4139:methods
4036:leaders
4025:Đổi Mới
3966:Reforms
3711:Outline
3694:century
3295:century
3047:century
2730:Related
2714:Tsarist
2429:excerpt
2427:(2022)
2303:23 June
2225:. 2002.
1719:10 July
1692:Reuters
1597:23 June
1530::
1452:Khujand
1438:(green)
1386:Gallery
1380:Belarus
1378:, from
1368:Uruguay
1362:; Maj.
1293:Kremlin
1238:Khujand
1108:liberal
1101:Pamiris
1024:History
966:Khujand
918:prelude
674:Georgia
567:Unknown
564:Unknown
542:10,300
533:20,600
210:Belarus
5917:Turkey
5764:Israel
5377:Others
5223:Taiwan
5187:(North
5185:Korea
5122:Others
4681:events
4616:Angola
4575:Russia
4550:Latvia
4489:Poland
4446:Events
4098:Ne Win
3021:Deluge
2945:Russia
2724:times)
2722:Soviet
2710:Russia
2625:
2502:
2475:
2453:
2411:
2354:
2019:20 May
1988:20 May
1957:20 May
1924:20 May
1838:4 July
1646:
1370:; and
1360:Poland
1309:
1297:Moscow
1175:Garmis
1169:as an
1018:Russia
1014:Moscow
903:Donbas
699:Kodori
340:
315:
207:
190:
178:
166:
157:Russia
154:
122:
95:Result
5948:Yemen
5894:Syria
5159:China
4970:India
4951:Post–
4636:China
4626:Burma
4621:Benin
3457:]
1808:5 May
1742:(PDF)
1519:Tajik
1468:Kulob
1460:Gharm
1366:from
1358:from
1152:Kulob
1150:from
1093:Gharm
970:Kulob
788:Tulip
469:(UTO)
5709:Iraq
5632:Iran
5407:Moro
3692:21st
3293:20th
2720:and
2623:ISBN
2605:link
2582:link
2556:link
2533:link
2500:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2451:ISBN
2409:ISBN
2352:ISBN
2305:2017
2113:2014
2066:2015
2021:2019
1990:2019
1959:2019
1926:2019
1873:2022
1840:2017
1810:2020
1780:2017
1721:2019
1699:2017
1662:2014
1644:ISBN
1599:2017
1566:IPA:
1539:IPA:
1413:T-72
1264:The
1256:, a
1095:and
1053:'s '
1000:and
968:and
952:and
950:Garm
940:The
858:1992
828:2022
823:2021
798:2020
793:2010
645:2016
343:Iran
73:Date
5400:NPA
3874:KGB
2382:doi
1466:5)
1462:4)
1458:3)
1454:2)
1295:in
1266:UTO
1012:in
723:2nd
718:1st
694:2nd
689:1st
650:2nd
640:1st
551:278
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3455:ru
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2011:.
2007:.
1980:.
1976:.
1945:.
1934:^
1916:.
1912:.
1900:^
1859:.
1848:^
1818:^
1800:.
1782:.
1771:.
1752:.
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1723:.
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1382:.
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1127:.
1061:,
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