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of its total workforce on "R&D and technology development". R&D expenditures have been gradually increasing: In 2006, it amounted to NT$ 307 billion, but it increased to NT$ 483.5 billion (US$ 16 billion) in 2014, approximately 3 percent of the GDP. The World
Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018 profiled up to 140 countries, listing Taiwan as 16th place in university-industry collaboration in R&D, 10th place in company spending on R&D, and 22nd place in capacity for innovation. Approved overseas Chinese and foreign investment totaled US$ 11 billion in 2016, a massive increase from US$ 4.8 billion in 2015. However, the Investment Commission of the Ministry of Economic Affairs' (MOEAIC) monthly report from October 2017 estimated a decline in total foreign direct investment (between January and October 2017) to US$ 5.5 billion, which is a 46.09 percent decrease from the same time period of 2016 (US$ 10.3 billion).
1066:(DPP) enacted policies building on the continued global influence of Taiwan's IT industry. To revamp and reinvigorate Taiwan's slowing economy, her "5+2" innovative industries initiative aims to boost key sectors such as biotech, sustainable energy, national defense, smart machinery, and the "Asian Silicon Valley" project. President Tsai herself was the chairperson for TaiMed Biologics, a state-led start-up company for biopharmaceutical development with Morris Chang, the CEO of TSMC, as an external adviser. On 10 November 2016, the Executive Yuan formally endorsed a biomedical promotion plan with a budget of NT$ 10.94 billion (US$ 346.32 million).
470:
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516:, increased the agricultural output dramatically. This was the first excedent accumulation source. It inverted capital creation, and liberated the agricultural workforce to work in the urban sectors. However, the government imposed on the peasants an unequal exchange with the industrial economy, with credit and fertilizer controls and a non monetary exchange to trade agrarian products (machinery) for rice. With the control of the banks (at the time, being the property of the
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501:, it became clear that a new and stable currency was needed. Along with the $ 4 billion in financial aid and soft credit provided by the US (as well as the indirect economic stimulus of US food and military aid) over the 1945–1965 period, Taiwan had the necessary capital to restart its economy. Further, the Kuomintang government instituted many laws and land reforms that it had never effectively enacted on mainland China.
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former land owners using the government compensation to become the new capitalist class. He promoted a mixed economy of state and private ownership with economic planning. Chiang also promoted a 9-years compulsory education and the importance of science in
Taiwanese education and values. These measures generated great success with consistent and strong growth and the stabilization of inflation.
540:
in 1980), even lower than some
Western European countries, but it grew a little in the 80's. Health care, education, and quality of life also improved. The flexibility of the productive system and the industrial structure meant that Taiwanese companies had more chances to adapt themselves to the changing international situation and the global economy.
1181:(ECFA) with China on 29 June 2010 – which permitted trade liberalization and an "early harvest" list of tariff cuts – former president Ma Ying-jeou wanted to not only affirm a stable economic relationship with China, but also to assuage its antagonism towards Taiwan's involvement in other FTAs. Taiwan later signed FTAs with two founding members of the
645:), but some industrial groups, with the support of the government, grew, and became in the 90's huge companies totally internationalized. Most of the development was thanks to the flexibility of family businesses which produced for foreign traders established in Taiwan and for international trade nets with the help of intermediaries.
1043:(TFT-LCD panels) (41.4 percent) and third for LCD monitors (27 percent) and LED (19 percent). Nonetheless, Taiwan is still heavily reliant on offshore capital and technologies, importing up to US$ 25 billion worth of machinery and electrical equipment from Mainland China, US$ 16 billion from Japan, and US$ 10 billion from the U.S.
630:, foreign companies employed 4.8% of the total workforce, their production was 13.9% of the total production and their exports were 25.6% of nationwide exports. Access to the global markets was facilitated by the Japanese companies and by the American importers, who wanted a direct relationship with the Taiwanese brands. No big
1055:– expand to original design manufacturing (OBM). These SMEs provide "incremental innovation" with regard to industrial manufacturing but do not, according to Dieter Ernst of the East–West Centre, a think-tank in Honolulu, surpass the "commodity trap", which stifles investment in branding and R&D projects.
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In fact, the TFT-LCD industry in Taiwan grew primarily from state-guided personnel recruitment from Japan and inter-firm technology diffusion to fend off Korean competitors. This is due to Taiwan's unique trend of export-oriented small and medium enterprises (SME) – a direct result of domestic-market
543:
The economist S. C. Tsiang played an influential role in shifting towards an export-oriented trade strategy. In 1954, he called for Taiwan to deal with its chronic shortage of foreign exchange by increasing exports rather than reduce imports. In 1958, the policymaker K. Y. Yin pushed for the adoption
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were completed in 2008, with the security risk of economic dependence on PR China being the biggest barrier. By decreasing transportation costs, it was hoped that more money will be repatriated to Taiwan and that businesses will be able to keep operations centers in Taiwan while moving manufacturing
539:
grew by 360% between 1965 and 1986. The percentage of global exports was over 2% in 1986, over other recently industrialized countries, and the global industrial production output grew a further 680% between 1965 and 1986. The social gap between the rich and the poor fell (Gini: 0.558 in 1953, 0.303
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At the opening ceremony for the Asia
Silicon Valley Development Agency (ASVDA) in December 2016, Vice President Chen Chien-jen emphasized the increasing importance of enhancing not only local R&D capabilities, but also appealing to foreign investment. For example, the HSP now focuses 40 percent
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Economic growth has become much more modest since the late 1990s. A key factor to understand this new environment is the rise of China, offering the same conditions that made possible, 40 years ago, the Taiwan
Miracle (a quiet political and social environment, cheap and educated workers, absence of
811:
In 1952, Taiwan had a per capita gross national product (GNP) of $ 170, placing the island's economy squarely between Zaire and Congo. But, by 2018 Taiwan's per capita GNP, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), had soared to $ 53,074, around or above some developed West
European economies and
648:
After retreating to Taiwan, Chiang learned from his mistakes and failures in the mainland and blamed them for failing to pursue Sun Yat-sen's ideals of
Tridemism and welfarism. Chiang's land reform more than doubled the land ownership of Taiwanese farmers. It removed the rent burdens on them, with
807:
Two aspects must be remembered: the KMT was on the center of the structure and controlled the process, and that the structure was a net made of relations between the enterprises, between the enterprises and the State, between the enterprises and the global market thanks to trade companies and the
732:
One was the formation of an independent union at the Far East
Textile Company after a two-year effort discredited the former management-controlled union. This was the first union that existed independently of the Kuomintang in Taiwan's post-war history (although the Kuomintang retained a minority
1204:
in
November 2017, President Tsai expressed deep support for the advancements made regarding the TPP – given that U.S. President Donald Trump pulled out of the trade deal earlier in the year. President Tsai has also promoted the "New Southbound Policy", mirroring the "go south" policies upheld by
825:
and others cite certain methodological flaws in
Krugman and Alwyn Young's research, and suggest that much of Taiwan's growth can be attributed to increases in productivity. These productivity boosts were achieved through land reform, structural change (urbanization and industrialization), and an
1039:(HSP), which includes around 520 high-tech companies and 150,000 employees. By 2015, a bulk of the global market share of motherboards (89.9 percent), Cable CPE (84.5 percent), and Notebook PCs (83.5 percent) comprise both offshore and domestic production. It placed second in producing
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to smash the union, the management adopted the more cautious approach of buying workers' votes at election times. However, such attempts repeatedly failed and, by 1986, all of the elected leaders were genuine unionists. Another, and, historically, the most important, was the now called
952:
is considered to be a major addition to Taiwan's transportation infrastructure. The ROC government has chosen to raise private financing in the building of these projects, going the build-operate-transfer route, but significant public financing has still been required and several
535:, created a massive industrial infrastructure, communications, and developed the educational system. Several government bodies were created and four-year plans were also enacted. Between 1952 and 1982, economic growth was on average 8.7%, and between 1983 and 1986 at 6.9%. The
1047:
prioritization by state-owned enterprises (SOE) in its formative years. While the development of SMEs allowed better market adaptability and inter-firm partnerships, most companies in Taiwan remained original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and did not – other than firms like
1618:
819:, the rapid growth was made possible by increases in capital and labor but not an increase in efficiency. In other words, the savings rate increased and work hours were lengthened, and many more people, such as women, entered the work force.
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and became known. The government also recommended the textile and clothing industries to enhance the quality and value of their products to avoid restrictive import quotas, usually measured in volume. The decade also saw the beginnings of a
1200:. The opposition contended that the trade pact would hinder the competency of SMEs, which encompassed 97.73 percent of total enterprises in Taiwan in 2016. The TPP, on the other hand, still presents an opportunity for Taiwan. After the
1567:"Toward an ideal animal model to trace donor cell fates after stem cell therapy: Production of stably labeled multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of transgenic pigs harboring enhanced green fluorescence protein gene"
556:
pioneered in externalizing electronic assembly in Taiwan. Japanese companies moved in, reaping the benefits of low salaries, the lack of environmental laws and controls, a well-educated and capable workforce, and the support of the
547:
In 1959, a 19-point program of Economic and Financial Reform, liberalized market controls, stimulated exports and designed a strategy to attract foreign companies and foreign capital. An exports processing area was created in
561:. But the nucleus of the industrial structure was national, and it was composed by a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, created within families with the family savings, and savings cooperatives nets called
612:
Most of these societies appeared for the first time in rural zones near metropolitan areas, where families shared work (in the parcels they owned and in the industrial workshops at the same time). For instance, in 1989 in
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government relaxed the rules to invest in the PR China. Dialogue through semi-official organisations (the SEF and the ARATS) reopened on 12 June 2008 on the basis of the 1992 Consensus, with the first meeting held in
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and to get access to foreign markets, but the big foreign companies got contracts with this huge net of small sized, familiar and national companies, which were a very important percentage of the industrial output.
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Hsiao, F. S. H.; Lian, W. S.; Lin, S. P.; Lin, C. J.; Lin, Y. S.; Cheng, E. C. H.; Liu, C. W.; Cheng, C. C.; Cheng, P. H.; Ding, S. T.; Lee, K. H.; Kuo, T. F.; Cheng, C. F.; Cheng, W. T. K.; Wu, S. C. (2011).
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Foreign investment never represented an important component in the Taiwanese economy, with the notable exception of the electronic market. For instance, in 1981, direct foreign investment was a mere 2% of the
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former presidents Lee Teng-hui in 1993 and Chen Shui-Bian in 2002, focusing on partners in the Asia-Pacific region such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Australia and New Zealand.
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have been uncovered. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the completion of these projects will be a big economic stimulus, just as the subway in Taipei has revived the real estate market there.
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1177:(FTA) with numerous countries through bilateral relations and regional organizations, the "Beijing factor" has led to the deliberate isolation of Taiwan from potential FTAs. In signing the
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However, many financial analysts estimate such concerns are based upon mirror-imaging of the Western model and do not take into account the already proven Asian Tiger model. Yet, recently,
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are very highly developed and in good maintenance and continue to be expanded, especially on the less developed and less populated east coast, and a controversial electronic
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is very good and continues to be improved, mainly in the west side of the island. Many infrastructure improvements are currently being pursued, such as the first
1185:(TPP) in 2013: New Zealand (ANZTEC) and Singapore (ASTEP). Exports to Singapore increased 5.6 percent between 2013 and 2014, but decreased 22 percent by 2016.
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international economic exchanges. Native Taiwanese were largely excluded from the mainlanders dominated government, so many went into the business world.
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A law forbidding any firm investing in the PR China more than 40% of its total assets on the mainland was dropped in June 2008, when the new
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In the 1980s, Taiwan had become an economic power, with a mature and diversified economy, solid presence in international markets and huge
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Taiwan's information technology (IT) and electronics sector has been responsible for a vast supply of products since the 1980s. The
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lines opening in Kaohsiung in 2008 and a doubling in size of Taipei's rapid transit system by 2013 now underway; the country's
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1691:"Taiwanese Economy After the Miracle: An Industry in Restructuration, StructuralWeaknesses and the Challenge of China"
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Manuel Castells: Information Age, Third Volume, The End of The Millennium, page 303, Alianza Editorial, 1998
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Cheng, T.J. (July 2015). "Global Opportunities, Local and Transnational Politics: Taiwan's Bid for FTAs".
461:". Taiwan was the first developing country to adopt an export-oriented trade strategy after World War II.
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lights are two newer sectors in which Taiwanese companies are moving. Taiwan also wants to move into the
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China's Economic Leverage and Taiwan's Security Concerns with Respect to Cross-Strait Economic Relations
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began a process of enhancement and modernization of the industry, mainly in high technology (such as
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1540:"Trade and Investment Opportunities Presented by Taiwan's Accession to the World Trade Organization"
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Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei) and the WTO
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Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, Republic of China
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after decades of repression. Some significant events occurred in 1977, which gave the new
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remains a concern as it continues at a slow pace, with the market split so small that no
1784:"Biomedical plan fast-tracks Taiwan for top spot in Asia - New Southbound Policy Portal"
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controls more than 10% of the market, and the Taiwanese government is obligated, by the
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2015:"ANZTEC - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan) 中華民國外交部 - 全球資訊網英文網"
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2198:"New Southbound Policy: an Introduction (2017.02.28) - New Southbound Policy Portal"
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Many Taiwanese brands became important suppliers of worldwide known firms such as
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1407:. BUREAU FOR THE FAR EAST AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. p. 20.
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Betting on Biotech: Innovation and the Limits of Asia's Developmental State
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in a now developed country, wanted democracy, and the rejection of the KMT
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membership on its committee). Rather than prevailing upon the state to use
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law, inspired by the same one that the Americans were enacting in occupied
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2019:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan) 中華民國外交部 - 全球資訊網英文網
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Period of rapid economic growth in Taiwan, as one of the Four Asian Tigers
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Small and Medium Enterprise Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs
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economic policy of export promotion rather than import substitution.
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1313:"Economic ideas and Taiwan's shift to export promotion in the 1950s"
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meant that the bigger Taiwanese companies moved their production to
520:), and import licenses, the state oriented the Taiwanese economy to
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1757:. Oakland, California: University of California Press. p. 153.
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has become a major problem, as the ROC does not have an individual
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1165:. Taiwan hopes to become a major operations center in East Asia.
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A New Era in Cross-Strait Relations? Taiwan and China in the WTO
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In 2013, a follow-up bilateral trade agreement to the ECFA, the
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service connecting all major cities on the western coast, from
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accession treaty, to open this sector between 2005 and 2008.
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2114:"2017 White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in Taiwan"
1814:"Asia Silicon Valley Development Agency launches in Taoyuan"
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AN EVALUATION OF U. S. ECONOMIC AID TO FREE CHINA, 1951-1965
1845:"National Development Council-Taiwan Statistical Data Book"
1645:"National Development Council-Taiwan Statistical Data Book"
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Foreign Exchange Reserves, Taiwan and other major countries
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country during the latter half of the twentieth century.
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601:). They had the support of the government in the form of
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being two examples. Taiwan is also a leading grower of
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)
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2001:
Uncharted Strait: The Future of China-Taiwan Relations
1192:(CSSTA), faced large student-led demonstrations – the
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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Official Website of Taiwan for WTO affairs, Documents
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In the 1970s, protectionism was on the rise, and the
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1916:"Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of China 2016"
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524:, creating initial capitalism in a fully protected
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2076:"Thousands Protest Taiwan's Trade Pact With China"
669:as the sole legitimate representative of mainland
1843:Council, National Development (9 November 2016).
1272:. Armonk, N.Y.: Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe.
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849:One major difference with Taiwan is the focus on
841:, the capital city and financial centre of Taiwan
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677:and replaced in all UN organs with the PRC. The
2246:Cross-Strait Relations between China and Taiwan
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772:, together with the reduction of the Taiwanese
1818:Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China
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1876:"The Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018"
1678:. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 46.
1643:Council, National Development (26 May 2015).
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988:. Recent developments include moving up the
885:, becoming a bridge between East and West).
667:government of the People's Republic of China
2475:Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research
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1112:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2401:Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index
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2236:Official Website of Taiwan for WTO affairs
2003:. Brookings Institution Press. p. 50.
1676:A Political Explanation of Economic Growth
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1033:Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
481:in the late 1940s when the Kuomintang-led
2437:Taiwan External Trade Development Council
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1264:The phrase was apparently first used in
1132:Learn how and when to remove this message
1073:
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2656:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
2485:Industrial Technology Research Institute
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1599:
1179:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
1153:and other facilities to mainland China.
1029:Industrial Technology Research Institute
977:Taiwan continues to rely heavily on its
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888:According to western financial markets,
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792:grew larger. A major step occurred when
638:), or huge national conglomerates (like
468:
2480:Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica
1910:
1908:
1906:
1842:
1752:
1642:
1633:
1269:State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle
712:, while others established branches in
652:
4220:
2630:American Chamber of Commerce in Taiwan
1397:
1173:While China already has international
937:system has recently been implemented.
3988:
3454:
3256:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
2991:
2878:
2764:
2722:
2470:Taiwan Institute of Economic Research
2290:
2264:
2178:from the original on 22 December 2017
2168:"Trump withdraws from TPP trade deal"
1979:
1655:from the original on 16 December 2018
1621:from the original on 16 December 2018
1310:
1196:– in Taipei and an occupation of the
764:Higher salaries and better organized
522:import substitution industrialization
3266:Special non-state-to-state relations
2701:
2640:Taiwan Confederation of Trade Unions
2452:Central Engraving and Printing Plant
2208:from the original on 9 December 2017
2148:from the original on 2 December 2018
2094:from the original on 8 December 2017
1998:
1961:from the original on 9 December 2017
1903:
1855:from the original on 8 December 2017
1824:from the original on 9 December 2017
1794:from the original on 9 December 2017
1767:
1734:from the original on 9 December 2017
1379:from the original on 21 October 2019
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1265:
1190:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
1110:adding citations to reliable sources
1077:
960:
723:genuinely independent union movement
473:GDP per capita development in Taiwan
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
4233:Taiwan under Republic of China rule
2748:
2136:"Tsai praises TPP progress at APEC"
2073:
1982:American Journal of Chinese Studies
1772:. U.S.A.: Cornell University Press.
1037:Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park
1035:(TSMC) and the construction of the
861:, the ultimate goal is to become a
663:government of the Republic of China
483:government of the Republic of China
430:'s rapid economic development to a
13:
1873:
1673:
14:
4254:
2224:
2055:from the original on 19 July 2018
2025:from the original on 19 July 2018
1297:
1041:Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display
312:T′ai²-wan¹ Ching¹-chi⁴ Ch′i²-chi¹
4243:Post–World War II economic booms
3966:
3954:
3943:
3942:
3185:List of administrative divisions
2700:
2689:
2688:
2594:Changhua Coastal Industrial Park
2427:Financial Supervisory Commission
2336:
1755:Taiwan and China: Fitful Embrace
1215:
1148:" with the People's Republic of
1082:
829:
675:General Assembly Resolution 2758
25:
3967:
2190:
2160:
2128:
2106:
2074:Hsu, Jenny W. (30 March 2014).
2067:
2037:
2007:
1992:
1973:
1951:"INVESTMENT COMMISSION, MOEA -"
1943:
1932:from the original on 2018-09-17
1892:from the original on 2017-09-29
1867:
1836:
1806:
1776:
1761:
1746:
1716:
1705:from the original on 2019-06-15
1682:
1667:
1557:
1546:from the original on 2012-02-10
1532:
1506:
1480:"The Story of Taiwan, Politics"
1450:Chinese University of Hong Kong
1414:from the original on 2023-03-28
1373:"The Labour Movement in Taiwan"
1351:from the original on 2023-02-26
1286:from the original on 2023-03-28
589:
415:
370:
356:
332:
244:
230:
206:
36:needs additional citations for
2432:Consumer Protection Commission
1689:CHEVALÉRIAS, PHILIPPE (2010).
1497:
1472:
1454:
1443:
1433:"The Story of Taiwan, Economy"
1425:
1391:
1258:
1202:APEC economic leaders' meeting
1169:Regional free trade agreements
661:switched recognition from the
579:
570:
405:
396:
311:
297:
267:
185:
171:
141:
1:
2879:
2778:Timeline of Taiwanese history
1251:
464:
3543:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
3281:Taiwan independence movement
2417:Ministry of Economic Affairs
1849:National Development Council
1649:National Development Council
1064:Democratic Progressive Party
716:and other places inside the
457:became known as one of the "
7:
3438:Water supply and sanitation
2765:
2589:Central Taiwan Science Park
2568:Water Supply and Sanitation
1208:
873:, the national language of
865:fluent in three languages (
846:independent trade unions).
10:
4259:
4238:Economic history of Taiwan
3756:Inventions and discoveries
3261:Political status of Taiwan
2830:Taiwan under Japanese rule
2635:US–Taiwan Business Council
1609:投資組投資服務科 (10 March 2017).
1518:The Myth of Asia's Miracle
1311:Irwin, Douglas A. (2023).
632:multinational corporations
531:It also, with the help of
441:As it developed alongside
333:Thòi-vàn Kîn-chi Khì-chiak
4109:
4026:
3938:
3799:
3716:
3580:
3528:
3521:
3478:
3450:
3289:
3198:
3151:
3016:
2987:
2893:
2874:
2773:
2760:
2684:
2648:
2622:
2581:
2493:
2462:
2409:
2378:
2345:
2334:
2298:
1999:Bush, Richard C. (2013).
1571:Journal of Animal Science
1466:20 September 2004 at the
1241:Japanese economic miracle
1183:Trans-Pacific Partnership
757:countries, mainly in the
747:foreign exchange reserves
381:
363:
346:
339:
325:
318:
304:
290:
283:
278:
274:
260:
255:
237:
220:
213:
199:
192:
178:
164:
157:
152:
148:
134:
130:
125:
3251:One Country on Each Side
3163:Administrative divisions
1753:Dittmer, Lowell (2017).
1398:JACOBY, NEIL H. (1966).
1266:Gold, Thomas B. (1985).
1246:Miracle on the Han River
1058:The Taiwanese president
1008:sector, the creation of
981:sector, a specialist in
371:Tâi-uân King-Tsè Kî-Tsik
357:Tâi-oân Keng-chè Kî-chek
262:Traditional Chinese
136:Traditional Chinese
3433:Uniform Invoice lottery
3348:State-owned enterprises
3121:Office of the President
2573:State-owned enterprises
2396:Taiwan Futures Exchange
815:According to economist
256:Taiwan Economic Miracle
3393:Semiconductor industry
3211:Cross-Strait relations
3168:Special municipalities
2820:Taiwan under Qing rule
2671:International rankings
2609:Linhai Industrial Park
2604:Kaohsiung Science Park
2358:Fifth series banknotes
1074:Cross-strait relations
1016:and a research-useful
974:
942:Taiwan High Speed Rail
940:The completion of the
842:
634:were created (like in
537:gross national product
474:
4186:United Arab Emirates
3276:Taiwanese nationalism
2795:Early Chinese contact
2422:Fair Trade Commission
2386:Taiwan Stock Exchange
2202:New Southbound Policy
1788:New Southbound Policy
1768:Wong, Joseph (2011).
1674:Wu, Yongping (2005).
1584:10.2527/jas.2011-3889
1375:. 21 September 2004.
1175:free trade agreements
996:building and design.
968:
853:education. Mirroring
837:
673:. It was expelled by
609:loaned by the banks.
493:against the previous
472:
186:T′ai²-wan¹ Ch′i²-chi¹
2788:archaeological sites
2599:Hsinchu Science Park
2144:. 14 November 2017.
1883:World Economic Forum
1820:. 27 December 2016.
1106:improve this section
653:Era of globalization
45:improve this article
3926:Tourist attractions
3383:Maritime industries
3316:Automotive industry
3221:Chinese nationalism
3216:Chinese unification
3060:Additional Articles
2825:Republic of Formosa
2815:Kingdom of Tungning
2614:Tainan Science Park
2410:Government agencies
2379:Banking and finance
2124:on 8 December 2017.
2080:Wall Street Journal
1439:on 2 February 2010.
1144:Debate on opening "
554:General Instruments
544:of Tsiang's ideas.
485:military regime of
3590:Formosan languages
3413:Telecommunications
3246:North–South divide
3190:Metropolitan areas
2553:Telecommunications
1695:China Perspectives
1329:10.1111/twec.13395
1194:Sunflower Movement
1000:manufacturing and
975:
843:
687:personal computers
477:After a period of
475:
298:Táiwān Jīngjì Qíjī
207:Thòi-vàn Khì-chiak
4215:
4214:
4028:Post-World War II
3982:
3981:
3934:
3933:
3712:
3711:
3682:Taiwanese Hokkien
3446:
3445:
3241:Foreign relations
3154:Regions of Taiwan
3138:Political parties
3126:Secretary-General
2983:
2982:
2930:Protected species
2870:
2869:
2840:Retreat to Taiwan
2835:Republic of China
2800:Kingdom of Middag
2716:
2715:
2365:Old Taiwan dollar
2353:New Taiwan dollar
2308:Four Asian Tigers
2292:Economy of Taiwan
1955:www.moeaic.gov.tw
1577:(11): 3460–3472.
1317:The World Economy
1142:
1141:
1134:
961:Technology sector
459:Four Asian Tigers
385:
384:
377:
376:
285:Standard Mandarin
251:
250:
159:Standard Mandarin
121:
120:
113:
95:
4250:
4016:Economic miracle
4009:
4002:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3970:
3969:
3958:
3946:
3945:
3834:Cultural history
3786:Waste management
3538:Taiwanese people
3526:
3525:
3480:National symbols
3459:National Symbols
3452:
3451:
3368:Economic history
3363:
3355:Defense industry
3199:Political issues
3104:Military history
2989:
2988:
2876:
2875:
2762:
2761:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2691:
2582:Industrial parks
2340:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2120:. Archived from
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2051:. 11 July 2014.
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1925:. October 2017.
1920:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1586:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1482:. Archived from
1476:
1470:
1458:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1435:. Archived from
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1262:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1198:Legislative Yuan
1137:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1086:
1078:
909:credit card debt
894:financial sector
796:, a native from
740:Zhongli incident
683:microelectronics
591:
581:
572:
491:Taiwanese dollar
489:overprinted the
424:Economic Miracle
417:
407:
398:
373:
372:
359:
358:
335:
334:
314:
313:
300:
299:
276:
275:
270:
269:
247:
246:
233:
232:
209:
208:
188:
187:
174:
173:
150:
149:
144:
143:
123:
122:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
60:"Taiwan Miracle"
53:
29:
21:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4105:
4022:
4013:
3983:
3978:
3930:
3795:
3766:Public holidays
3739:Sex trafficking
3734:Organized crime
3708:
3576:
3517:
3474:
3473:
3442:
3361:
3285:
3236:De-Sinicization
3194:
3156:
3147:
3094:Law enforcement
3026:
3021:
3012:
3011:
2979:
2926:Endemic species
2889:
2888:
2866:
2860:Mandarin policy
2810:Spanish Formosa
2769:
2756:
2747:
2717:
2712:
2680:
2644:
2618:
2577:
2489:
2458:
2405:
2391:Taipei Exchange
2374:
2341:
2332:
2294:
2289:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1997:
1993:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1878:
1874:Schwab, Klaus.
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1766:
1762:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1730:. 27 May 2010.
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1687:
1683:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1641:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1615:www.sipa.gov.tw
1607:
1600:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1468:Wayback Machine
1459:
1455:
1448:
1444:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1354:
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1309:
1298:
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1287:
1280:
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1259:
1254:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1171:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1103:
1087:
1076:
1018:fluorescent pig
973:Technology Park
963:
832:
753:) and in other
655:
467:
416:Tâi-oân Kî-chek
245:Tâi-uân Kî-Tsik
231:Tâi-oân Kî-chek
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4228:Economic booms
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4196:United States
4194:
4193:
4192:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
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4012:
4011:
4004:
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3989:
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3979:
3977:
3976:
3964:
3952:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3911:
3909:Taiwanese wave
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:Glove puppetry
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3781:Taiwan studies
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
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3701:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3540:
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3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3428:Transportation
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3403:Taiwan Miracle
3400:
3398:Stock exchange
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Chinese Taipei
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3131:Vice President
3128:
3123:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3029:
3027:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:National parks
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
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2871:
2868:
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2862:
2857:
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2847:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2757:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2676:Labor movement
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:Made in Taiwan
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2563:Transportation
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
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2225:External links
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1611:"Introduction"
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1323:(4): 969–990.
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714:Silicon Valley
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101:September 2018
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3326:List of banks
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2927:
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2916:Deforestation
2914:
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2902:
2899:
2898:
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2845:Guanbi policy
2843:
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2805:Dutch Formosa
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2548:Semiconductor
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2399:
2397:
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2370:Taiwanese yen
2368:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2329:
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2266:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
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2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1749:
1733:
1729:
1728:The Economist
1725:
1719:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
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1646:
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1545:
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1486:on 2006-12-30
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1279:9781317459408
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1223:Taiwan portal
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1100:
1096:
1091:This section
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1080:
1079:
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1050:
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1042:
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1034:
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1023:
1019:
1015:
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1007:
1006:biotechnology
1003:
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991:
987:
984:
983:manufacturing
980:
972:
967:
958:
956:
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
927:rapid transit
924:
921:
916:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:consolidation
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
840:
836:
830:Future growth
827:
824:
820:
818:
813:
809:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:civil society
783:
779:
775:
774:export quotas
771:
767:
762:
760:
759:United States
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
736:
730:
728:
724:
719:
718:United States
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
650:
646:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
623:
620:
616:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
586:
582:
576:
568:
564:
560:
555:
552:and in 1964,
551:
545:
541:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
495:Taiwanese yen
492:
488:
484:
480:
471:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
423:
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408:
402:
394:
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380:
368:
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354:
352:
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321:
317:
309:
307:
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263:
259:
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242:
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223:
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198:
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183:
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177:
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133:
129:
124:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
4101:West Germany
4095:
3971:
3959:
3947:
3776:Superlatives
3761:Prostitution
3724:Architecture
3530:Demographics
3402:
3331:Central bank
3309:Floriculture
3206:Conscription
3084:Intelligence
3072:Human rights
3055:Constitution
2970:Superlatives
2965:Scenic areas
2850:White Terror
2706:
2693:
2666:Minimum wage
2623:Associations
2511:Floriculture
2447:Central Mint
2442:Central Bank
2328:Formosa bond
2322:
2318:China Circle
2210:. Retrieved
2201:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2171:
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2141:Taipei Times
2139:
2130:
2122:the original
2117:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2079:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2048:
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2018:
2009:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1954:
1945:
1934:. Retrieved
1922:
1894:. Retrieved
1882:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1848:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1817:
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1769:
1763:
1754:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1707:. Retrieved
1698:
1694:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1648:
1623:. Retrieved
1614:
1574:
1570:
1559:
1548:. Retrieved
1534:
1522:. Retrieved
1517:
1508:
1499:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:the original
1474:
1456:
1445:
1437:the original
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1400:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1353:. Retrieved
1320:
1316:
1288:. Retrieved
1268:
1260:
1187:
1172:
1155:
1143:
1128:
1122:January 2024
1119:
1104:Please help
1092:
1068:
1060:Tsai Ing-wen
1057:
1045:
1026:
976:
939:
917:
906:
887:
848:
844:
821:
817:Paul Krugman
814:
810:
806:
794:Lee Teng-hui
790:dictatorship
766:trade unions
763:
744:
731:
703:
656:
647:
640:South Korean
624:
611:
598:
588:
578:
546:
542:
530:
503:
499:Japanese era
476:
440:
420:
414:
404:
388:
386:
341:Southern Min
292:Hanyu Pinyin
215:Southern Min
166:Hanyu Pinyin
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
4167:Philippines
4110:Later years
4081:South Korea
3919:tea culture
3884:Photography
3570:Waishengren
3304:Aquaculture
3299:Agriculture
3077:LGBT rights
2935:Hot springs
2921:Earthquakes
2855:Martial law
2528:Electricity
2506:Aquaculture
2501:Agriculture
1524:30 December
1146:Three Links
1010:fluorescent
986:outsourcing
918:Generally,
735:martial law
691:peripherals
595:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
506:land reform
443:South Korea
436:high-income
406:Táiwān Qíjī
327:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
201:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
172:Táiwān Qíjī
4222:Categories
3879:Philosophy
3854:Literature
3751:Healthcare
3610:Kanakanavu
3362:(currency)
3271:Two Chinas
3143:Propaganda
3111:Parliament
3045:Censorship
3019:Government
2997:Government
2783:Prehistory
2518:Automotive
2212:8 December
2182:8 December
2152:8 December
2098:8 December
2059:8 December
2029:8 December
1965:8 December
1936:2017-12-08
1896:2017-12-08
1859:8 December
1828:8 December
1798:8 December
1738:8 December
1709:2019-08-05
1659:8 December
1625:8 December
1550:2006-12-30
1520:. Nov 1994
1490:2006-12-30
1418:2023-02-16
1383:21 October
1355:2023-02-26
1290:2023-03-19
1252:References
1158:Kuomintang
990:food chain
979:technology
913:bankruptcy
679:Kuomintang
585:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
559:government
518:government
465:Background
426:refers to
411:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
306:Wade–Giles
180:Wade–Giles
71:newspapers
4157:Lithuania
4142:Indonesia
4076:Singapore
4056:Hong Kong
3809:Animation
3771:Squatting
3746:Education
3582:Languages
3338:Companies
3116:President
3067:Elections
2975:Volcanoes
2950:Mountains
2894:Overviews
2884:Geography
2088:0099-9660
1345:256974921
1337:0378-5920
1093:does not
1062:, of the
950:Kaohsiung
867:Taiwanese
859:Singapore
855:Hong Kong
802:President
800:, became
729:a boost.
636:Singapore
603:subsidies
550:Kaohsiung
451:Hong Kong
447:Singapore
432:developed
4177:Thailand
4172:Slovakia
4162:Malaysia
3949:Category
3904:T-Beauty
3889:Religion
3844:Gambling
3677:Mandarin
3645:Sakizaya
3640:Saisiyat
3502:proposed
3408:Taxation
3378:Forestry
3231:Dang Guo
3173:Counties
3099:Military
3024:politics
3002:Politics
2754:articles
2695:Category
2538:Maritime
2463:Research
2346:Currency
2206:Archived
2176:Archived
2174:. 2017.
2172:BBC News
2146:Archived
2092:Archived
2053:Archived
2023:Archived
1959:Archived
1927:Archived
1887:Archived
1853:Archived
1822:Archived
1792:Archived
1732:Archived
1703:Archived
1653:Archived
1619:Archived
1593:21705633
1544:Archived
1464:Archived
1409:Archived
1377:Archived
1349:Archived
1284:Archived
1209:See also
955:scandals
931:highways
871:Mandarin
643:chaebols
615:Changhua
4207:Vietnam
4147:Ireland
4132:Estonia
4041:Belgium
4036:Austria
3973:Outline
3894:Smoking
3824:Cuisine
3801:Culture
3717:Society
3704:Braille
3672:Sinitic
3615:Kavalan
3469:Culture
3465:Society
3423:Tourism
3418:Textile
3360:Dollar
3343:Largest
3321:Banking
3291:Economy
3038:Premier
3033:Cabinet
3007:Economy
2940:Islands
2911:Climate
2901:Beaches
2767:History
2707:Commons
2558:Textile
2523:Defense
2494:Sectors
2300:History
1163:Beijing
1114:removed
1099:sources
1022:orchids
969:Taipei
892:of the
883:English
863:country
851:English
812:Japan.
697:, near
695:Hsinchu
665:to the
619:capital
607:credits
567:Chinese
497:in the
487:Chen Yi
393:Chinese
348:Hokkien
222:Hokkien
85:scholar
4182:Turkey
4152:Latvia
4117:Brazil
4096:Taiwan
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3635:Saaroa
3625:Puyuma
3620:Paiwan
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3565:Hakkas
3560:Hoklos
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727:unions
699:Taipei
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575:pinyin
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526:market
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422:Taiwan
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4137:India
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4061:Italy
3869:Opera
3864:Music
3859:Media
3839:Drama
3791:Women
3729:Crime
3687:Hakka
3630:Rukai
3605:Bunun
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2945:Lakes
2649:Other
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915:law.
875:China
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751:China
671:China
533:USAID
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320:Hakka
194:Hakka
92:JSTOR
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3828:wine
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2214:2017
2184:2017
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2100:2017
2084:ISSN
2061:2017
2031:2017
1967:2017
1861:2017
1830:2017
1800:2017
1740:2017
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1589:PMID
1526:2010
1385:2019
1333:ISSN
1274:ISBN
1097:any
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