713:, often due to annuities chargeable on the estate payable to the patriarch's widow and younger children, where the patriarch was swayed by sentiment not to establish a strict concentration of all his wealth in his heir leaving his other beloved relatives destitute. Frequently in such cases the generosity of the settlor left the entailed estate as an uneconomical enterprise, especially during times when the estate's fluctuating agricultural income had to provide for fixed sum annuities. Such impoverished tenants-in-possession were unable to realise in cash any part of their land or even to offer the property as security for a loan, to pay such annuities, unless sanctioned by private Act of Parliament allowing such sale, which expensive and time-consuming mechanism was frequently resorted to. The
1237:. Had Mr. Bennet fathered a son it would have passed to him, but since he did not it could not pass to any of his five daughters. Instead, the next nearest male heir would inherit the property—Mr. Bennet's cousin, William Collins, a boorish minister in his mid-twenties. The inheritance of the Longbourn property completely excluded the five Bennet daughters, who were thus to lose their home and income upon their father's death. The need for the daughters to make a good marriage to ensure their future security is a key motivation for many episodes in the novel. Many fees tail arose from wills, rather than from marriage settlements which usually made some provision for daughters. Austen was very familiar with the law of entail; her brother, Edward, had inherited similarly entailed estates at
956:
the same time making provision for annuities chargeable on the estate for the father's widow, daughters and younger sons, and most importantly, and as an incentive for the son to participate in the re-settlement, an income for the son during his father's lifetime. This process effectively evaded the law against perpetuities, as the entail in law had been terminated, but in practice continued. In this way an estate could stay in a family for many generations, yet emerged on re-settlement often fatally weakened, or much more susceptible to agricultural downturns, from the onerous annuities now chargeable on it.
49:
864:("to A and his heirs") is that the heirs "in tail" must be the children begotten by the landowner. It was also possible to have "fee tail male", which only sons could inherit, and "fee tail female", which only daughters could inherit; and "fee tail special", which had a further condition of inheritance, usually restricting succession to certain "heirs of the body" and excluding others. Land subject to these conditions was said to be "entailed" or "held in-tail", with the restrictions themselves known as
702:, all named Fulk. Such indefinite inalienable land-holdings were soon seen as restrictive on the optimum productive ability of land, which was often converted to deer-parks or pleasure grounds by the wealthy tenant-in-possession, which was damaging to the nation as a whole, and thus laws against perpetuities were enacted, which restricted entails to a maximum number of lives.
900:
lender, who therefore could not enforce payment of interest on the new tenants-in-possession. The largest estate a possessor in fee tail could convey to someone else was an estate for the term of the grantor's own life. If all went as planned, it was therefore impossible for the succession of patriarchs to lose the land, which was the idea.
754:
and intellectual strengths of the original great patriarch, often a great warrior, which alone had brought him from obscurity to greatness, he would soon sink again into obscurity, and required wealth to maintain his social standing. This feature of
English gentry and aristocracy differs from the aristocracy which existed in pre-
758:
France, where all sons of a nobleman inherited his title and were thus inescapably members of a separate noble caste in society. Little-known, France then had one of the lowest ratios of noble families to population, in Europe. The accepted rule was however largely compensated by written or notarized
753:
to attempt to ensure that the high social standing of the family, as represented by a single patriarch, continued indefinitely. The concentration of the family's wealth into the hands of a single representative was essential to support this process. Unless the heir had himself inherited the personal
955:
In the 17th and 18th centuries the practice arose whereby when the son came of age (at 21), he and his father acting together could bar the existing fee tail, and could then re-settle the land in fee tail, again on the father for life, then to the son for life and his heirs male successively, but at
976:
I received your ladyship's letter by which ye willed me to speak with my Lady Coffyn for her title in East
Haggynton in the county of Devon who had one estate in tail to him and to his heirs of her body begotten; and now he is dead without issue of his body so that the reversion should revert to Mr
922:
Depending on how the original deed or grant was worded, in the event of there being daughters but no sons, all the sisters might inherit jointly, it might pass to the eldest sister, it might be held in trust until one of them should produce a (legitimate) son, or it might pass to the next male-line
899:
on land in fee tail was risky, since at the death of the tenant-in-possession, his personal estate ceased to have any right to the estate or to the income it generated. The absolute right to the income generated by the estate passed by operation of law to parties who had no legal obligation to the
697:
Indeed, as a form of trust, whilst the individual trustees may die, replacements are appointed and the trust itself continues, ideally indefinitely. In
England almost seamless successions were made from patriarch to patriarch, the smoothness of which were often enhanced by baptising the eldest son
684:
The fee tail allowed a patriarch to perpetuate his blood-line, family-name, honour and armorials in the persons of a series of powerful and wealthy male descendants. By keeping his estate intact in the hands of one heir alone, in an ideally indefinite and pre-ordained chain of succession, his own
914:
Things did not always go as planned, however. Tenants-in-possession of entailed estates occasionally suffered "failure of issue" – that is, they had no legitimate children surviving them at the time of their deaths. In this situation the entailed land devolved to male cousins, i.e., back up and
2096:
Sc. 1734 J. Spotiswood Hope's
Practicks 400: The Custom of tailzying Estates came from Normandy, and the Word Tailzie comes from the French Word tailier, to cut, importing a cutting the ordinary Line of Succession, and giving the Estate to others than those to whom it would have descended by
820:
A fee tail can still exist in
England and Wales as an equitable interest, behind a strict settlement; the legal estate is vested in the current 'tenant for life' or other person immediately entitled to the income, but on the basis that any capital money arising must be paid to the settlement
767:. Without the support of wealth, these younger sons might quickly descend into obscurity, and often did. On this eldest son was concentrated the honour of the family, and to him alone was granted all its wealth to support his role in that regard, by the process of the fee tail.
833:; a base fee only confers a right to the property on its owner, when its creator would have become entitled to it; if its creator dies before he would have received it, the owner of the base fee gets nothing. No new "fees tail" can now be created following the
880:, which allowed the holders of property in tail to file a disentailing assurance freeing them from its conditions; such a document needed to be enrolled. This obviated the previous method of breaking entails, the arcane legal fictions that enabled the system of
689:
which gave each child the legal right to inherit an equal share of the patrimony, where a formerly great landowning family could be reduced in a few generations to a series of small-holders or peasant farmers. It therefore approaches the true
1323:. For constitutional reasons, this section is subject to a saving clause which prevents the conversion of fees tail to fees simple where the protector of the settlement is still alive. Therefore, some fees tail still exist in the state.
1381:
inside public lands may be prevented from selling or giving their land to non-family members. In this case, the restrictions result from an agreement between the government and the land owner, and is not a part of a deed or settlement.
981:
in his life. Howbeit Mr
Richard Coffyn, next heir to Sir William Coffyn, claimeth the same by his uncle's feoffment to him and to his heirs so that the law will put Mr John Basset from his entry and to compel him to take his action of
1705:
they persisted even later – a few old
Swedish fees tail still remain in force, though no new ones may be established. For the law of German and Austrian fideicommissa in particular, an 862-page manual by the German legal scholar
1233:, had only a life interest in the Longbourn estate, the family's home and principal source of income. He had no authority to dictate to whom it should pass upon his death, as it was strictly arranged to be inherited by the next
2176:
1351:. However, in the first three states, property can be sold or deeded as any other property would be, with the fee tail only applying in case of death without a will. In Rhode Island, a fee tail is treated as a
1252:
Law professor
Maureen B. Collins (2017) cites several other authors debating the accuracy of Austen's depiction of the entailment, including Appel (2013), Treitel (1984), Redmond (1989), and Grover (2014).
1724:), was the standard reference work. First published in 1654, this grand systematization of existing legal opinion was frequently reprinted and continued to be consulted until well into the 19th century.
1767:
Frequently in default of a son and heir to the tenant-in-possession, the entail required the next male heir, if via a female line, to adopt the surname and arms of the patriarch, see for example
1280:, to cut," implying "cutting the ordinary Line of Succession, and giving the Estate to others than those to whom it would have descended by Law." By the late 18th century it was also known as
709:
from inheriting. It created complications for many propertied families, especially from about the late 17th to the early 19th century, leaving many individuals wealthy in land but heavily in
915:
through the family tree to legitimate male descendants of former tenants-in-possession, or reverted to the last owner in fee simple, if still living. This situation produced complicated
1359:
abolished fee tail in 1782, while many other states within the U.S. never recognized it at all. In most states in the United States, an attempt to create a fee tail results in a
770:
The effects of
English primogeniture and entail have been significant plot details or themes in a number of notable works of English literature. (See some examples cited below.)
821:
trustees. A tenant in tail in possession can bar his fee tail by a simple disentailing deed, which does not now have to be enrolled. A tenant in tail in reversion (i.e., a
1650:
1374:
and the marital portion protects force heirs and surviving spouses from total divestment of value of the estate of the decedent, who has a duty to provide for their care.
763:
provided that an estate would be inherited entirely by the first-born legitimate son of a nobleman and that, accordingly, subsequent sons were born as mere gentlemen and
1574:
637:" deeds, possessors of which have an unrestricted title to the property, and are empowered to bequeath or dispose of it as they wish (although it may be subject to the
2195:
1619:
1553:
1639:
968:
etc.) was a right of writ exercisable by a holder in fee for claiming property entailed by a lessee beyond the terms of his feoffment. A letter dated 1539 from the
1630:
919:
and was an incentive for the production and maintenance of detailed and authoritative family pedigrees and supporting records of marriage, births, baptisms etc.
923:
relative (an uncle, say, or even a cousin, sometimes very distant). The last possibility, commonly called 'entailment to heirs male', is used in Jane Austen's
685:
wealth, power and family honour would not be dissipated amongst several male lines, as became the case for example in
Napoleonic France by operation of the
1363:; even in those four states that still allow fee tail, the estate holder may convert his fee tail to a fee simple during his lifetime by executing a deed.
796:
Fee tail was never popular with the monarchy, the merchant class and many holders of entailed estates themselves who wished to sell or divide their land.
1229:
contains a particularly thorny example of the kind of problems which could arise through the entailing of property. Mr. Bennet, the father of protagonist
1285:
834:
1883:
Byrne, Muriel St. Clare, (ed.) The Lisle Letters, 6 vols, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1981, vol.5, letter 1359, p.408, note 6
943:
to "bar" a fee tail, that is to say to remove the restrictions of fee tail from land and to enable its conveyance in fee simple. Biancalana's book
1697:
supported fees tail, and succeeded in reinstating them in 1853, after they had been abolished in a recent Constitution. In Germany and Austria the
1017:
1001:
1304:
1020:
who had died in 1794. Most of the 4th Marquess's art collection had been acquired by himself or his father, went to Wallace, and is now the
1676:
Other European legal systems had comparable devices to keep estates together, especially in Spain and Northern European countries like
1013:
860:, or in a will "to A and the heirs of his body". The crucial difference between the words of conveyance and the words that created a
1041:
825:
where the property is subject to prior life interest) needs the consent of the life tenant and any 'special protectors' to vest a
1319:, Section 13 of the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 largely abolished the fee tail and converted existing fees tail to
559:
927:; the estate of Longbourn is entailed to a distant male cousin rather than the incumbent's five daughters or their offspring.
2036:
1037:
1033:
133:
2265:
458:
656:
Most common law jurisdictions have abolished fee tails or greatly restricted their use. They survive in limited form in
1962:
1805:
1395:
1143:
2231:
2189:
2170:(Revised and Corrected with Numerous Additions by George Ross ed.). Edinburgh: Bell & Bradfute. p. 328.
1868:
1391:
2146:
1307:, who in 1895 inherited from the 12th Duke, his fourth cousin, who had attempted to marry his daughter to the heir.
645:). Equivalent legal concepts exist or formerly existed in many other European countries and elsewhere; in Scots law
1838:
1300:
restrict owners from willing property out of their family when they die with children or have a surviving partner.
1005:
428:
694:
which is a legal body or person which does not die and continues in existence and can hold wealth indefinitely.
1432:
342:
782:, passed in 1285, created and fixed the form of this estate. The new law was also formally called the statute
1655:
877:
440:
1549:
1545:
512:
407:
2122:
2019:
779:
413:
1624:
1557:
2260:
552:
333:
219:
2168:
Dictionary and Digest, Law of Scotland, with Short Explanations of the most Ordinary English Law Terms
1644:
1827:
1419:
was an economic institution for governing of landed property introduced in late 16th century by king
978:
605:
464:
325:
320:
153:
17:
1924:
1120:
809:
784:
128:
1184:(written in 1989, but it takes the form of a Dickensian mystery set in early-19th-century England)
451:
315:
28:
1989:
48:
2255:
1781:
Primogeniture and entail in England: A survey of their history and representation in literature
1738:
1579:
1136:
1125:
392:
361:
2062:
1795:
1462:, the estate was not to be divided between the heirs but inherited in full by the eldest son (
1377:
Fee tail-like restrictions still exist though contractual obligations. For example, owners of
1200:
841:
545:
433:
1952:
759:
wills which allowed fathers to favour, within certain limits, a first-born son. In England,
2270:
2250:
1154:
977:
John Basset and to his heirs so there be no let nor discontinuance of the same made by Sir
286:
8:
1707:
1428:
1316:
1208:
1065:
857:
376:
247:
2207:
1288:(section 50) abolished all feudal tenures including the entail. Today, the doctrines of
887:
The requirement that a disentailing assurance should be enrolled was abolished in 1926.
2220:
1743:
1733:
1661:
1606:
1148:
1021:
737:
in law; any purported bequest of the land by the tenant-in-possession was ineffective.
706:
266:
123:
108:
77:
2108:
1000:
An English example of a fee tail may be the main estates of the wealthy art collector
2227:
2185:
1958:
1864:
1801:
1213:
1131:
1103:
1024:. Other works were covered by the fee tail, however, and passed to the 5th Marquess.
755:
209:
192:
118:
72:
1139:
mentions it by implication in a dispute over the House of Shaws that drives the plot
1691:
1585:
1356:
1230:
1181:
1170:
1114:
1053:
909:
698:
and heir with his father's Christian name for several generations, for example the
609:
474:
445:
271:
214:
87:
1008:, to whom he left as much of his property as he could. The main land holdings and
2150:
1716:
1407:
1371:
1193:
936:
881:
826:
822:
726:
699:
686:
650:
402:
305:
202:
197:
1682:
1534:
1510:
1109:
642:
638:
621:
522:
418:
371:
171:
162:
138:
1990:"Edward Knight's Inheritance: The Chawton, Godmersham, and Winchester Estates"
2244:
2039:", Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 41.3 (2013): 609–636.
2037:
A Funhouse Mirror of Law: The Entailment in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice
1475:
1463:
1420:
1336:
1332:
1188:
1076:
969:
940:
760:
750:
718:
673:
608:
by the tenant-in-possession, and instead causes it to pass automatically, by
597:
255:
82:
1721:
1665:
1610:
1370:, the common law concept of estates in land never existed. The concept of
1348:
1296:
1249:
from distant cousins under the will of Elizabeth Knight, who died in 1737.
1176:
1159:
1097:
1081:
896:
805:
593:
517:
281:
261:
238:
40:
2142:
1702:
1614:
1518:
1352:
1092:
1070:
1009:
730:
691:
589:
423:
397:
291:
229:
224:
187:
1634:
1768:
1593:
1526:
1378:
1360:
1320:
1246:
1242:
916:
861:
634:
601:
573:
535:
504:
484:
176:
103:
57:
2079:
1893:
939:", an elaborate legal procedure which used collaborative lawsuits and
1828:
Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 Schedule 1 Para 5
1687:
1597:
1589:
1467:
1367:
1267:
1234:
1036:, who died in 1827. He had quarrelled with his eldest son, later the
585:
508:
469:
276:
1861:
The Fee Tail and the Common Recovery in Medieval England: 1176–1502
1748:
1514:
1495:
1344:
1290:
1165:
945:
The Fee Tail and the Common Recovery in Medieval England: 1176–1502
830:
764:
665:
494:
366:
356:
143:
2178:
The Fee Tail and the Common Recovery in Medieval England 1176–1502
1196:(written in 2009–2015, but set in England in the period 1912–1927)
852:
Traditionally, a fee tail was created by a trust established in a
1712:
Tractatus de fideicommissis nobilium familiarum – von Stammgütern
1677:
1565:
1522:
1502:
1486:
1272:
1238:
1085:
669:
657:
646:
630:
296:
148:
721:
in it, albeit an absolute right to the income it generated, the
588:, established by deed or settlement, that restricts the sale or
2214:(1st edition by Walter A. Shumaker and George Foster Longsdorf)
1601:
1569:
746:
1331:
The fee tail has been abolished in all but four states in the
1561:
1440:
1340:
1057:
717:(or tenant-in-possession) of the property in fact had only a
661:
2212:(2nd ed.). Chicago: Callaghan and Company. p. 353.
1459:
1444:
853:
734:
710:
499:
351:
113:
2080:"Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND :: tailyie"
1910:
Heir of tailzie and provision to the estate of Ellangowan.
1894:"Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND :: tailyie"
1060:
and stories, particularly in the 19th century, including:
947:(2001) discusses the procedure and its history at length.
612:, to an heir determined by the settlement deed. The terms
2020:
The Law of Jane: Legal Issues in Austen’s Life and Novels
1800:(Eighth ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 258.
531:
1284:, but the archaic spelling continued in law books. The
600:
and prevents that property from being sold, devised by
829:
fee simple in himself. Otherwise he can only create a
641:
of a monarch or of a governing body with the power of
1004:(d. 1870). His only child was his illegitimate son,
1957:(Ninth ed.). Routledge. p. 8 (footnote).
1494:, and succession to such resembles that of British
1286:
Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000
835:
Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996
2219:
1923:
1385:
876:The breaking of a fee tail was simplified by the
2242:
1002:Richard Seymour-Conway, 4th Marquess of Hertford
725:being the trustees of the settlement, with the
2217:
2110:Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act
1690:. Unlike most of the English aristocracy, the
1355:with remainder in the life tenant's children.
1305:Alfred Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Hamilton
1204:by Harper Lee (referred to as an "entailment")
1084:– inheritance of an estate goes to an heir of
773:
890:
705:An entail also had the effect of disallowing
553:
27:"Entail" redirects here. For other uses, see
2072:
1303:A Scottish example of entail is the case of
986:which is much dilatory as Mr Basset knoweth
624:
2048:Treitel, G. H. "Jane Austen and the Law".
1886:
1858:
560:
546:
2222:Strict Settlement: A Guide for Historians
2000:(1). Jane Austen Society of North America
1983:
1981:
1863:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1466:). Women were excluded from inheritance (
1458:, which became a statute approved by the
1014:Francis Seymour, 5th Marquess of Hertford
2218:English, Barbara; Saville, John (1983).
1042:Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea
2137:
2135:
2133:
1047:
995:
972:describes the circumstances of its use:
935:In the 15th century, lawyers devised "
871:
14:
2243:
2205:
2174:
1987:
1978:
1219:
1016:, descended from a younger son of the
1012:were inherited by his distant cousin,
990:
633:". Fee tail deeds are in contrast to "
2143:Short history of the Radziwill Family
1950:
1406:
1034:George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke
134:Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
2165:
2130:
2124:Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act
1921:
1040:, and left his unentailed estate to
1793:
1701:was only abolished in 1938, and in
1027:
903:
844:are a form of entail still in use.
34:Form of trust in English common law
24:
2226:. Hull: University of Hull Press.
2159:
2084:Dictionaries of the Scots Language
1898:Dictionaries of the Scots Language
1839:Fines and Recoveries Act 1833 s.15
1537:. The earliest and most extensive
1256:
1144:The Adventure of the Priory School
930:
25:
2282:
1940:: 131–142 – via HeinOnline.
1849:Law of Property Act 1925, s. 133.
1779:See generally, Zouheir Jamoussi,
1484:was similar to the French law of
815:
672:, and all but four states of the
1660:in 1601, later inherited by the
1588:in 1609, later inherited by the
1326:
1044:, his son by a second marriage.
1006:Sir Richard Wallace, 1st Baronet
808:in England was abolished by the
788:(Concerning Conditional Gifts).
745:Fee tail was established during
47:
2116:
2102:
2055:
2042:
2029:
2012:
1944:
1915:
1398:, fee tail estates were called
950:
2184:. Cambridge University Press.
1877:
1852:
1843:
1832:
1821:
1787:
1773:
1761:
1396:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1386:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
13:
1:
2209:The Cyclopedic Law Dictionary
1934:Vanderbilt Law Review en Banc
1925:"The Tale of the Fee Tail in
1754:
878:Fines and Recoveries Act 1833
664:, but have been abolished in
441:Lateral and subjacent support
1276:"comes from the French Word
799:
791:
408:Practicing without a license
7:
2266:Scots law legal terminology
1859:Biancalana, Joseph (2001).
1727:
1490:or German and Scandinavian
1433:People's Republic of Poland
1261:
959:
895:Lending upon security of a
847:
774:Statute of Westminster 1285
729:passing intact to the next
629:, which means "cut(-short)
10:
2287:
1988:Grover, Christine (2013).
1509:, among them those of the
1454:According to the rules of
1310:
907:
891:Mortgage of entailed lands
740:
679:
334:Doctrine of worthier title
26:
2206:Cahill, James C. (1922).
1686:, a legal institution in
1505:' fortunes were based on
780:Statute of Westminster II
465:Conflict of property laws
321:Rule against perpetuities
2061:Luanne Bethke Redmond, "
2050:The Law Quarterly Review
1680:. They are derived from
1671:
1649:, created for Piotr and
1121:The Master of Ballantrae
1052:Fees tail figure in the
810:Law of Property Act 1925
785:De Donis Conditionalibus
316:Restraint on alienation
29:Entail (disambiguation)
2166:Bell, William (1861).
1951:Dixon, Martin (2014).
1794:Law, Jonathan (2015).
1600:families, centered on
1533:were veritable little
1149:Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
1137:Robert Louis Stevenson
1126:Robert Louis Stevenson
1056:of several well known
988:
842:conservation easements
625:
343:Nonpossessory interest
2018:Maureen B. Collins, "
1633:in 1470, centered on
1620:Ordynacja Jarosławska
1613:in 1589, centered on
1560:in 1589, centered on
1550:Mikołaj VII Radziwiłł
1546:Ordynacje Radziwiłłów
1474:could not be sold or
1427:was abolished by the
1411:; landed property in
1408:[ɔrdɨˈnatsja]
1201:To Kill a Mockingbird
974:
707:illegitimate children
292:Action to quiet title
2175:Biancalana, Joseph.
2052:100 (1984): 549–586.
1699:Familienfideikommiss
1640:Ordynacja Pińczowska
1155:Brideshead Revisited
1048:Fees tail in fiction
1032:Another example was
996:Marquess of Hertford
872:Breaking of fee tail
804:Fee tail as a legal
649:was codified in the
287:Equitable conversion
2141:Peter Paul Bajer. "
2026:38.1 (Winter 2017).
2024:Persuasions On-line
1922:Ruhl, J.B. (2015).
1797:A Dictionary of Law
1739:Rule in Wild's Case
1708:Philipp Knipschildt
1575:Ordynacja Ostrogska
1558:Stanisław Radziwiłł
1429:agricultural reform
1317:Republic of Ireland
1227:Pride and Prejudice
1221:Pride and Prejudice
1209:Wives and Daughters
1066:Pride and Prejudice
991:Historical examples
925:Pride and Prejudice
858:marriage settlement
429:prior appropriation
377:Equitable servitude
2149:2006-12-31 at the
2063:Land, Law and Love
1734:Reichserbhofgesetz
1662:Wielopolski family
1651:Zygmunt Myszkowski
1607:Ordynacja Zamojska
1554:Albrecht Radziwiłł
1022:Wallace Collection
459:Quicquid plantatur
267:Deeds registration
109:Adverse possession
78:Community property
2261:Real property law
2126:2009, section 13.
2112:2000, section 50.
2035:Appel, Peter A. "
1717:De fideicommissis
1631:Rafał Jarosławski
1529:. Most important
1443:of the principal
1394:and later in the
1392:Kingdom of Poland
1214:Elizabeth Gaskell
1104:The Belton Estate
570:
569:
210:Concurrent estate
193:Defeasible estate
73:Personal property
16:(Redirected from
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2086:. 26 August 2023
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1182:Charles Palliser
1171:Philippa Gregory
1115:Anthony Trollope
1028:Earl of Pembroke
910:Failure of issue
904:Failure of issue
715:beneficial owner
700:FitzWarin family
628:
626:feodum talliatum
610:operation of law
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475:Security deposit
272:Estoppel by deed
215:Leasehold estate
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687:Napoleonic Code
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651:Entail Act 1685
604:, or otherwise
584:, is a form of
566:
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414:Property rights
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1637:
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639:allodial title
622:Medieval Latin
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2196:the original
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2088:. Retrieved
2083:
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2002:. Retrieved
1997:
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1968:. Retrieved
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1909:
1902:. Retrieved
1897:
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1811:. Retrieved
1796:
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1780:
1775:
1763:
1722:Google Books
1715:
1711:
1698:
1693:
1681:
1675:
1611:Jan Zamoyski
1538:
1530:
1519:Czartoryskis
1506:
1501:Many Polish
1500:
1491:
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1471:
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1389:
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1349:Rhode Island
1330:
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1297:jus relictae
1295:
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1226:
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1220:
1207:
1199:
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1177:The Quincunx
1175:
1164:
1160:Evelyn Waugh
1153:
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1108:
1102:
1098:George Eliot
1091:
1082:Walter Scott
1075:
1064:
1051:
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1018:1st Marquess
999:
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951:Resettlement
944:
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886:
875:
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827:reversionary
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723:legal owners
722:
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683:
655:
617:
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581:
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528:
518:Criminal law
495:Contract law
457:
450:
424:Water rights
327:
262:Strata title
248:
239:Conveyancing
220:Condominiums
181:
56:Part of the
41:Property law
2271:Land tenure
2251:Inheritance
2067:Persuasions
1994:Persuasions
1710:, entitled
1703:Scandinavia
1654: [
1643: [
1623: [
1578: [
1527:Lubomirskis
1492:fideicommis
1413:fideicommis
1353:life estate
1321:fees simple
1270:, the word
1107:(1866) and
1093:Middlemarch
1071:Jane Austen
1010:Ragley Hall
866:entailments
840:In the US,
692:corporation
590:inheritance
572:In English
230:Land tenure
225:Real estate
188:Life estate
96:Acquisition
2245:Categories
1769:Mark Rolle
1755:References
1594:Lubomirski
1539:ordynacjas
1511:Radziwiłłs
1379:inholdings
1361:fee simple
1247:Winchester
1243:Godmersham
1135:(1886) by
1124:(1889) by
1113:(1871) by
1080:(1815) by
1069:(1813) by
917:litigation
862:fee simple
856:, often a
756:Revolution
635:fee simple
620:are from
574:common law
536:Common law
485:common law
446:Assignment
306:Future use
177:Fee simple
154:Alienation
58:common law
2090:26 August
1904:26 August
1692:Prussian
1688:Roman law
1598:Sanguszko
1590:Zaslawski
1541:include:
1531:ordynacja
1515:Zamoyskis
1507:ordynacja
1482:Ordynacja
1476:mortgaged
1472:Ordynacja
1468:Salic Law
1456:ordynacja
1449:ordynacja
1425:Ordynacja
1417:Ordynacja
1400:ordynacja
1368:Louisiana
1268:Scots law
1235:male heir
1132:Kidnapped
1038:12th Earl
984:form down
966:form down
800:Abolition
792:Opponents
765:commoners
749:times by
731:successor
727:remainder
606:alienated
470:Blackacre
403:Partition
251:purchaser
249:Bona fide
203:remainder
129:Accession
124:Discovery
18:Tail male
2147:Archived
2004:17 April
1970:17 April
1813:16 April
1749:Easement
1728:See also
1635:Jarosław
1523:Potockis
1503:magnates
1496:peerages
1439:was the
1357:New York
1345:Delaware
1262:Scotland
1166:Wideacre
960:Formedon
897:mortgage
848:Creation
831:base fee
666:Scotland
614:fee tail
578:fee tail
523:Evidence
500:Tort law
452:Nemo dat
434:riparian
393:Fixtures
372:Covenant
367:Usufruct
357:Easement
326:Rule in
282:Mortgage
182:Fee tail
144:Bailment
119:Conquest
1783:(1999).
1694:junkers
1678:Prussia
1666:Pińczów
1566:Nesvizh
1487:majorat
1437:Ordynat
1431:in the
1404:Polish:
1390:In the
1315:In the
1311:Ireland
1291:legitim
1278:tailier
1273:tailzie
1239:Chawton
1086:tailzie
741:History
680:Purpose
670:Ireland
658:England
647:tailzie
618:tailzie
513:estates
308:control
297:Escheat
149:License
2230:
2188:
1961:
1867:
1804:
1615:Zamość
1602:Ostroh
1570:Kletsk
1568:, and
1282:entail
1058:novels
806:estate
747:feudal
594:estate
592:of an
582:entail
509:trusts
483:Other
362:Profit
60:series
2199:(PDF)
2182:(PDF)
1672:Other
1658:]
1647:]
1627:]
1582:]
1562:Olyka
1441:title
1341:Maine
1054:plots
662:Wales
586:trust
505:Wills
487:areas
398:Waste
65:Types
2228:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2097:Law.
2092:2023
2006:2015
1972:2015
1959:ISBN
1906:2023
1865:ISBN
1815:2015
1802:ISBN
1596:and
1556:and
1525:and
1460:Sejm
1445:heir
1347:and
1294:and
1245:and
854:deed
778:The
735:heir
711:debt
660:and
616:and
602:will
534:and
511:and
352:Lien
114:Deed
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