955:). When a specified event happens, the estate may become void or subject to annulment. There are two types of defeasible estates: fee simple determinable and the fee simple subject to a condition subsequent. If the grantor uses durational language in the condition such as "to A. as long as the land is used for a park", then upon the happening of the specified event (in this case if the land is used for anything other than a park), the estate will automatically terminate and revert to the grantor or the grantor's estate; this is called a fee simple determinable. If the grantor uses language such as "but if alcohol is served", then the grantor or the heirs have a right of entry if the condition occurs, but the estate does not automatically revert to the grantor; this is a fee simple subject to a condition subsequent. In most jurisdictions in the United States these concepts have been modified by statute. Fee simple determinable was generally preferred by courts in the common law of the early United States. Recently, that trend has reversed, and most courts in the United States will find a fee simple subject to condition subsequent in situations where the conveying document's language is unclear.
133:
25:
899:, although this is uncommon. In the United States, life estates are most commonly used either to grant someone use of the property for the remainder of that person's life in a will, or by a grantor to reserve the right to continue using the property for the remainder of the grantor's life after it is sold. The right to ownership of the property after the death of the life estate owner is called the
853:. Traditionally, fee tail was created by words of grant such as "to N. and the male heirs of his body", which would restrict those who could inherit the property. If no heirs could be found, then the property would revert to the original grantor's heirs. Most common law countries have abolished entailment by statute.
751:, then this might require providing many different services, such as providing horses in time of war or acting as the king's ceremonial butler. These fiefs gave rise to a complex relationship between landlord and tenant, involving duties on both sides. For example, in return for receiving his tenant's
882:
Rules requiring words of general inheritance to create fee simple by conveyance have been abolished by statute in the United States. To convey an estate in fee simple at common law, the deed or will must state "to B and his heirs". Anything short of those words transferred a smaller estate.
989:
is usually similarly owned in fee simple, but typically subject to rules in the declaration of condominium or created by the condominium association, such as paying required monthly fees for maintaining the property's common areas; however, these are generally treated legally as
984:
and the revenue generated is directed to the municipality's general fund. Other local tax assessments called "special purpose taxes" may be assessed in addition to the property taxes for specific purposes such as infrastructure improvements. Real estate owned as a
861:
An estate in fee simple denotes the maximum ownership in land that can be legally granted; it is the greatest possible aggregate of rights, powers, privileges and immunities available in land. The three hallmarks of the fee simple estate are that it is
829:
defined fee simple as the estate in land that a person has when the lands are given to him and his heirs absolutely, without any end or limit put to his estate. Land held in fee simple can be conveyed to whomsoever its owner pleases; it can also be
684:, whereas the highest possible form of ownership is a "fee simple absolute", which is without limitations on the land's use (such as qualifiers or conditions that disallow certain uses of the land or subject the vested interest to termination).
886:
Modern deeds usually follow a standardized form. There is a presumption that the testator intends to convey his or her property in fee simple unless the will indicates an intention to transfer a smaller estate, such as a life estate.
794:– which is what is owned rather than the land it represents. The fee simple estate is also called "estate in fee simple" or "fee-simple title", or sometimes simply "freehold" in England and Wales. From the start of the
810:
could not alienate (sell) it from the possession of his overlord. However, a tenant could separate a parcel of the land and grant it as a subordinate fief to his own sub-tenant, a process known as sub-enfeoffing or
971:
may exist requiring a freeholder to pay a fixed sum of money closely resembling rent, and many jurisdictions have created financial obligations that may be imposed on a freehold estate. England and Wales impose an
943:. A fee simple absolute is the highest estate permitted by law, and it gives the holder full possessory rights and obligations now and in the future. Other fee simple estates in real property include
845:, a land ownership that terminates upon the grantee's (or another person's) death even if the land had been granted to a third party, or a term of years, a lease for a specified term, such as in an
838:
in fee simple have the privilege of interest in the property during their lifetime and typically have a say in determining who gets to own an interest in the property after their death.
931:. Retained life estate gifts often involve agreements about acceptable uses of the property, payment of real estate taxes, property maintenance, etc. during the donor's lifetime.
759:, the overlord had a duty to protect his tenant. When feudal land tenure was abolished, all fiefs became "simple", without conditions attached to the tenancy.
994:(contracts binding on the possessors of real property) imposing an affirmative duty to pay money rather than as rent for property held in fee simple.
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for the gift of their remainder interest in the property, and at the donor's death, the property passes to the organization without being subject to
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217:
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If previous grantors of a fee simple estate do not create any conditions for subsequent grantees, then the title is called
542:
89:
61:
108:
512:
68:
903:. In England and Wales fee simple is the only freehold estate that remains; a life estate can only be created in
849:. A fee also could be limited through the method of its inheritance, such as by an "entailment", which created a
1201:
American
Heritage Dictionary of the English language, editions with the Index of Indo-European Roots, under peku
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or similar obligations are due from the owner of property in fee simple is only partially true. For example, a
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524:
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951:) estates. A defeasible estate is created when a grantor places a condition on a fee simple estate (in the
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of all land in
England, meaning that it was the ultimate "owner" of all land in the past feudal era.
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In the United States, retained life estates are often used by donors who intend to leave property as
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548:
409:
404:
237:
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ownership. A "fee" is a vested, inheritable, present possessory interest in land. A "fee simple" is
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1056:, covering all types and mentioning trusts and most common, major, adverse interests.
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while retaining the use of the property during their lifetimes. The donor receives a
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Historically, estates could be limited in time. Common temporal limitations include
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abolished subinfeudation and instead allowed the sale of fee simple estates.
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The rights of the fee-simple owner are limited by government powers of
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Moynihan's
Introduction to the Law of Real Property, Sheldon F. Kurtz
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interest in the grantor if the condition fails; this is a
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existed in several varieties, most of which involved the
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Many jurisdictions retain the possibility of creating a
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is reserved to governments under a civil law structure.
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having to supply some service to his overlord, such as
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held without limit of time (i.e., permanently) under
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1167:, (London: George Bell and Sons, 1910), 149–150.
1040:in English. The root appears in Modern German as
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1036:, money, also comes from this root and becomes
1028:ultimately goes back to the Indo-European root
1165:Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages
786:However, the Crown can grant ownership in an
703:, and may also be limited further by certain
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1005:– A right in law to the use of land; i.e. a
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980:, fee simple owners are usually subject to
1017:without limit to the inheritance of heirs;
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1149:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1020:unrestricted as to transfer of ownership.
878:Creation and characteristic of fee simple
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1188:
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1209:
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727:The word "fee" is related to the term
1183:
1122:
218:Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
1106:"What Is Fee Simple In Real Estate?"
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
14:
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1129:Indiana Court of Appeals (2007).
834:or put up as security. Owners of
907:and is not a right in property.
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992:covenants running with the land
802:was introduced to England, the
34:needs additional citations for
16:Form of freehold land ownership
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1013:– in the unconstrained sense:
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525:Lateral and subjacent support
1132:Jensen v. City of New Albany
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492:Practicing without a license
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767:In English common law, the
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418:Doctrine of worthier title
911:Retained life estate gift
549:Conflict of property laws
405:Rule against perpetuities
1145:: CS1 maint: location (
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949:fee simple determinable
400:Restraint on alienation
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717:fee simple conditional
427:Nonpossessory interest
1163:Henderson, Ernest F.
945:fee simple defeasible
707:or conditions in the
376:Action to quiet title
1227:Feudalism in England
1171:retrieved 2007-10-31
1060:Freehold (Scots law)
371:Equitable conversion
43:improve this article
941:fee simple absolute
935:Types of fee simple
737:Feudal land tenures
693:compulsory purchase
666:fee simple absolute
513:prior appropriation
461:Equitable servitude
963:The claim that no
827:William Blackstone
543:Quicquid plantatur
351:Deeds registration
193:Adverse possession
162:Community property
1222:Real property law
1135:. 868 N.E.2d 525.
1044:, cattle, beast.
1024:The English word
806:or "holder" of a
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32:This article
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815:". The 1290
790:– called an
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705:encumbrances
697:police power
686:
672:, a form of
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602:Criminal law
579:Contract law
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508:Water rights
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346:Strata title
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304:Condominiums
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140:Part of the
125:Property law
105:
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79:
72:
65:
58:"Fee simple"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1232:Land tenure
1082:Life estate
987:condominium
897:life estate
891:Life estate
872:descendible
843:life estate
658:English law
314:Land tenure
309:Real estate
272:Life estate
180:Acquisition
1217:Common law
1211:Categories
1115:2023-07-27
969:rentcharge
763:Common law
682:common law
662:fee simple
620:Common law
569:common law
530:Assignment
390:Future use
261:Fee simple
238:Alienation
142:common law
69:newspapers
1141:cite book
1077:Leasehold
1038:pecuniary
998:Etymology
976:. In the
868:devisable
864:alienable
832:mortgaged
800:feudalism
713:reversion
554:Blackacre
487:Partition
335:purchaser
333:Bona fide
287:remainder
213:Accession
208:Discovery
99:July 2010
1072:Fee tail
1048:See also
917:bequests
857:Duration
851:fee tail
777:allodium
689:taxation
674:freehold
607:Evidence
584:Tort law
536:Nemo dat
518:riparian
477:Fixtures
456:Covenant
451:Usufruct
441:Easement
410:Rule in
366:Mortgage
266:Fee tail
228:Bailment
203:Conquest
1169:Excerpt
1034:pecunia
929:probate
817:Statute
775:or the
723:History
701:escheat
597:estates
392:control
381:Escheat
233:License
83:scholar
1011:Simple
905:equity
804:tenant
796:Norman
757:homage
753:fealty
741:tenant
733:feudal
699:, and
668:is an
593:trusts
567:Other
446:Profit
144:series
85:
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1093:Notes
1030:*peku
769:Crown
589:Wills
571:areas
482:Waste
149:Types
90:JSTOR
76:books
1151:link
1147:link
1042:Vieh
1007:fief
965:rent
959:Rent
953:deed
947:(or
870:and
808:fief
771:had
729:fief
709:deed
660:, a
618:and
595:and
436:Lien
198:Deed
188:Gift
62:news
1026:fee
1003:Fee
919:to
819:of
755:or
664:or
656:In
616:Law
45:by
1213::
1185:^
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1139:{{
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