66:
269:
237:
from 7 October 1954. When testing with NTSC between
November 1956 and April 1958, the colour subcarrier was 2.6578125 MHz with a 'Q' bandwidth of 340 kHz (matching the rolloff of the luminance signal at +3.0 MHz). On the low-frequency side, a full 1.0 MHz single-sideband of the
241:
When testing with PAL, the colour subcarrier was 2.66034375 MHz and the sidebands of the PAL signal had to be truncated on the high-frequency side at +330 kHz (matching the rolloff of the luminance signal at +3.0 MHz). On the low-frequency side, a full 1.0 MHz sideband was
202:
of System A was 4.26 MHz, allowing System A to be transmitted in the 5.0 MHz wide channels specified for television in the
British VHF bands with an ample 740 kHz guard zone between channels.
284:
television allocation was agreed at the 1947 ITU (International
Telecommunication Union) conference in 1947, effectively "grandfathering in" the VHF allocation that has been used in Britain since 1936.
181:
results in an increase in RF power and vice versa. Specifically, the sync pulses (being "blacker than black") result in minimum power (possibly zero power) from the vision transmitter.
1700:
614:
230:
colour systems. However, apart from out-of-hours technical tests in the 1950s and 1960s, colour was never transmitted officially on System A.
385:
in London were 41.25 – 48.00 DSB from 1936 to 1956. Every other transmitter on channel B1 used VSB to save bandwidth and transmission power.
1693:
206:
In specifications, sometimes, other parameters such as vestigial sideband characteristics and gamma of display device are also given.
2392:
2127:
1405:
1329:
1273:
1232:
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661:
2047:
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860:
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radiated. (This behaviour would cause massive U/V crosstalk in the NTSC system, but delay-line PAL hides such artefacts.)
234:
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599:
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2042:
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2006:
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110:
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177:). The polarity of modulation is positive, meaning that an increase in the instantaneous brightness of the
65:
48:
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1985:
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1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
980:
965:
955:
702:
260:
No changes were made to the audio specification over the 49 years that the 405-line system was in use.
60:
44:
1960:
1605:
1494:
1139:
1134:
1124:
950:
245:
When used with SECAM, the FM carrier was nominally 2.66 MHz with a deviation of ±250 kHz.
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945:
31:
17:
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2167:
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51:
adopted in the UK and
Ireland. System A service started in 1936 and was discontinued in 1985.
2336:
2073:
1621:
1468:
1458:
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1011:
142:
is the number of pictures displayed in one second. But each frame is actually scanned twice
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2037:
1945:
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1339:
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8:
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588:
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1065:
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2269:
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2087:
2082:
1709:
1504:
1453:
935:
693:
248:
None of the above colour encoding systems had any effect on the bandwidth of system
195:
The separation between the audio AM carrier and the video carrier is −3.5 MHz.
98:
2196:
2137:
1980:
1930:
1651:
1116:
1074:
600:
http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/archive/pdffiles/monographs/bbc_monograph_18.pdf
280:
was the first formal broadcasting standard in the world. A European 41–68 MHz
85:
2295:
2187:
2112:
2068:
1935:
1646:
1478:
169:, but a portion of the upper sideband is suppressed. This technique is known as
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2102:
2016:
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1210:
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728:
158:(line frequency) is 405 times the frame frequency or 405•25=10,125 Hz.
146:
odd and even lines. Each scan is known as a field (odd and even fields.) So
2341:
2132:
2021:
1955:
1925:
1850:
919:
886:
740:
185:
131:
91:
639:
2310:
2305:
2244:
1970:
1910:
1900:
975:
624:
2239:
2172:
2107:
1920:
1433:
1367:
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1237:
551:
116:
79:
2346:
2331:
2264:
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2234:
1641:
1220:
760:
720:
104:
71:
The separation between the audio and video carriers is −3.5 MHz.
2097:
1965:
1815:
1519:
1509:
1400:
1385:
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38:
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was 3.0 MHz. The video signal modulates the carrier by
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1156:
1151:
1129:
1092:
1087:
732:
219:
1855:
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804:
635:
BBC Report on the state of
Television in Southern Ireland
223:
69:
Channel spacing for CCIR television System A (VHF Bands)
150:
is twice the frame rate. In each frame there are 405
615:World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms
272:Plan showing VHF frequency ranges for ITU Systems
2359:
620:Fernsehnormen aller Staaten und Gebiete der Welt
381:† Channel limits of the original transmitter at
289:United Kingdom: 1936 – 1985, Ireland 1961 – 1982
30:"System A" redirects here. For other uses, see
75:Some of the important specs are listed below.
27:405-line analog television transmission format
1694:
655:
579:Not an independent value: 25 Hz•405=10,125 Hz
669:
1701:
1687:
662:
648:
2128:Output power of an analog TV transmitter
1550:
1548:
267:
263:
64:
570:Not an independent value: 25 Hz•2=50 Hz
557:
14:
2360:
1542:Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.
630:405-line TV in the Republic of Ireland
233:Colour tests were first radiated from
2158:Direct-broadcast satellite television
1682:
1580:
1545:
1538:
1536:
681:
643:
1581:
154:(or 202.5 lines in a field.) So the
2048:Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)
589:British Experiments with NTSC Color
218:has variously been tested with the
24:
1533:
138:A frame is the total picture. The
25:
2404:
608:
255:
54:
2393:Standards of the United Kingdom
2043:Quadrature amplitude modulation
397:Vision carrier frequency (MHz)
302:Vision carrier frequency (MHz)
2207:Television channel frequencies
682:
593:
582:
573:
564:
400:Audio carrier frequency (MHz)
305:Audio carrier frequency (MHz)
13:
1:
2178:Digital television transition
2007:Multichannel television sound
1047:Field-sequential color system
532:§ Allocated, but never used.
2250:Field strength in free space
1951:Horizontal blanking interval
1627:Reverse Standards Conversion
542:Broadcast television systems
209:
7:
2148:Superheterodyne transmitter
625:Analog TV Broadcast Systems
535:
128:Sound offset: −3.5 MHz
49:broadcast television system
10:
2409:
1986:Vertical blanking interval
61:405-line television system
58:
29:
2324:
2288:
2225:
2186:
2056:
2030:
1999:
1961:Nominal analogue blanking
1884:
1833:
1719:
1587:
1576:
1528:
1487:
1414:
1376:
1358:
1305:
1287:
1264:
1246:
1201:
1115:
1073:
1064:
999:
928:
885:
869:
853:
831:
759:
719:
701:
692:
688:
677:
238:'I' signal was radiated.
32:Systema (disambiguation)
2280:Television interference
2153:Television receive-only
671:Broadcast video formats
2202:Microwave transmission
2168:Terrestrial television
2163:Television transmitter
2123:Intermediate frequency
1916:Chrominance subcarrier
1637:Television transmitter
547:Television transmitter
273:
72:
2383:Broadcast engineering
2373:Television technology
2368:ITU-R recommendations
2074:Broadcast transmitter
1622:MPEG transport stream
1449:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
1012:Mechanical television
920:Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)
394:Channel limits (MHz)
299:Channel limits (MHz)
271:
264:Transmission channels
68:
2316:Zero reference pulse
2301:Field strength meter
2038:Frequency modulation
1946:Horizontal scan rate
1657:Widescreen signaling
1632:Standards conversion
1617:Moving image formats
558:Notes and references
190:amplitude modulation
167:amplitude modulation
125:Sound modulation: A3
2255:Noise (electronics)
2118:Intercarrier method
2078:Transmitter station
1713:broadcasting topics
1612:Display motion blur
2143:Split sound system
2093:Differential phase
1663:Analogue TV Topics
274:
171:vestigial sideband
73:
2355:
2354:
2270:Radiation pattern
2088:Differential gain
1710:Analog television
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1454:MPEG Multichannel
1060:
1059:
530:
529:
379:
378:
188:was modulated by
132:Channel bandwidth
122:Preemphasis: none
117:Vision modulation
16:(Redirected from
2400:
2197:Frequency offset
2138:Residual carrier
2083:Cavity amplifier
1981:Television lines
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1652:Video processing
1582:Technical issues
1578:
1577:
1555:
1552:
1543:
1540:
1071:
1070:
803:(Color systems:
731:(Color systems:
699:
698:
690:
689:
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678:
664:
657:
650:
641:
640:
602:
597:
591:
586:
580:
577:
571:
568:
520:216.00 – 221.00
506:211.00 – 216.00
492:206.00 – 211.00
478:201.00 – 206.00
464:196.00 – 201.00
450:191.00 – 196.00
436:186.00 – 191.00
422:181.00 – 186.00
408:176.00 – 181.00
388:
387:
383:Alexandra Palace
293:
292:
235:Alexandra Palace
111:Visual bandwidth
21:
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2407:
2403:
2402:
2401:
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2398:
2397:
2358:
2357:
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2320:
2296:Distortionmeter
2284:
2221:
2182:
2113:Frequency mixer
2069:Antenna (radio)
2052:
2026:
1995:
1936:Composite video
1880:
1829:
1715:
1707:
1677:
1668:
1647:Video on demand
1592:14:9 compromise
1583:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1546:
1541:
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1524:
1483:
1479:MPEG-H 3D Audio
1410:
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1111:
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881:
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163:video bandwidth
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2110:
2105:
2103:Dipole antenna
2100:
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2071:
2066:
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2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
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2040:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2017:Sound-in-Syncs
2014:
2009:
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1997:
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1968:
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1906:Blanking level
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1602:Digital cinema
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1597:Broadcast-safe
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929:Hidden signals
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915:Sound-in-Syncs
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609:External links
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369:63.00 – 68.00
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355:58.00 – 63.00
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341:53.00 – 58.00
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327:48.00 – 53.00
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313:41.25 – 46.25
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256:Improved audio
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120:
119:: AC3 positive
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59:Main article:
56:
55:Specifications
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9:
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2378:Video formats
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1991:White clipper
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1941:Frame (video)
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2342:Hanover bars
2133:Pre-emphasis
2057:Transmission
2022:Zweikanalton
1926:Color killer
1851:Clear-Vision
1747:
1203:MPEG-2 Video
741:Clear-Vision
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200:RF bandwidth
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186:audio signal
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179:video signal
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173:modulation (
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144:interleaving
143:
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134:: 5 MHz
113:: 3 MHz
107:: 10.125 kHz
74:
37:
36:
2388:CCIR System
2311:VIT signals
2306:Vectorscope
2245:Earth bulge
2227:Propagation
2190:& bands
2188:Frequencies
1971:Raster scan
1911:Chrominance
1901:Black level
1896:front porch
1661:Templates (
1378:MPEG-H HEVC
1117:Progressive
2362:Categories
2240:Distortion
2173:Transposer
2108:Dummy load
2064:Amplifiers
2031:Modulation
1921:Colorburst
1892:Back porch
1505:Captioning
1307:MPEG-4 AVC
1075:Interlaced
1000:Historical
936:Captioning
895:BTSC (MTS)
870:1250 lines
854:1125 lines
683:Television
552:Transposer
198:The total
148:field rate
140:frame rate
97:Lines per
92:Field rate
80:Frame rate
2347:Sparklies
2332:Dot crawl
2325:Artifacts
2265:Path loss
2260:Null fill
2235:Beam tilt
1976:Safe area
1642:Test card
1315:ATSC A/72
1221:DVB 3D-TV
833:819 lines
761:625 lines
721:525 lines
703:405 lines
210:Colour TV
156:line rate
105:Line rate
86:Interlace
2337:Ghosting
2098:Diplexer
1966:Overscan
1931:Color TV
1824:System F
1820:System E
1816:819-line
1810:System N
1806:System L
1802:System K
1798:System I
1794:System H
1790:System G
1786:System D
1782:System C
1778:System B
1774:625-line
1768:System M
1764:525-line
1759:455-line
1754:441-line
1748:System A
1744:405-line
1739:375-line
1734:343-line
1729:180-line
1554:Defunct.
1520:Teletext
1386:ATSC 3.0
1042:567-line
1037:455-line
1032:441-line
1027:375-line
1022:343-line
1017:180-line
1007:Pre-1940
961:Teletext
841:System E
769:System B
729:System M
711:System A
536:See also
391:Channel
296:Channel
45:405-line
43:was the
41:System A
18:System A
2289:Testing
1871:PALplus
1721:Systems
1401:ISDB-S3
1350:MobaHo!
1297:MobaHo!
1066:Digital
813:PALplus
526:216.25
523:219.75
512:211.25
509:214.75
498:206.25
495:209.75
484:201.25
481:204.75
470:196.25
467:199.75
456:191.25
453:194.75
442:186.25
439:189.75
428:181.25
425:184.75
414:176.25
411:179.75
276:System
214:System
94:: 50 Hz
82:: 25 Hz
47:analog
1846:NTSC-J
1474:HE-AAC
1396:HD DMB
941:CGMS-A
877:HD-MAC
737:NTSC-J
694:Analog
517:B14 §
375:63.25
372:66.75
361:58.25
358:61.75
347:53.25
344:56.75
333:48.25
330:51.75
319:41.50
316:45.00
282:Band I
2012:NICAM
2000:Sound
1885:Video
1876:SECAM
1866:PAL-S
1861:PAL-M
1416:Audio
1368:ABS-S
1340:SBTVD
1279:ABS-S
1238:ABS-S
1181:UHDTV
1174:1080p
1105:1080i
905:NICAM
887:Audio
817:SECAM
809:PAL-N
751:B-MAC
745:PAL-M
310:B1 †
228:SECAM
152:lines
101:: 405
99:frame
88:: 2/1
2275:Skew
1956:Luma
1894:and
1841:NTSC
1510:CPCM
1464:LPCM
1434:AC-4
1424:AC-3
1406:DTMB
1360:AVS2
1345:1seg
1330:DTMB
1320:CMMB
1274:DTMB
1266:AVS+
1256:CMMB
1233:DTMB
1228:ISDB
1211:ATSC
1169:720p
1164:HDTV
1157:576p
1152:480p
1147:EDTV
1140:288p
1135:240p
1130:1seg
1125:LDTV
1100:HDTV
1093:576i
1088:480i
1083:SDTV
1052:OSKM
981:VITC
971:VEIL
900:EIAJ
861:MUSE
733:NTSC
503:B13
489:B12
475:B11
461:B10
226:and
220:NTSC
184:The
161:The
39:CCIR
2217:VHF
2212:UHF
1856:PAL
1606:DCI
1515:EPG
1495:AFD
1469:AAC
1459:PCM
1444:DRA
1439:DTS
1428:5.1
1391:DVB
1335:DVB
1325:DMB
1248:AVS
1216:DVB
991:XDS
986:WSS
976:VIT
966:VBI
956:PDC
951:GCR
946:EPG
910:SAP
823:MAC
805:PAL
447:B9
433:B8
419:B7
405:B6
366:B5
352:B4
338:B3
324:B2
224:PAL
175:AC3
2364::
1822:,
1808:,
1804:,
1800:,
1796:,
1792:,
1788:,
1784:,
1780:,
1547:^
1535:^
1191:8K
1186:4K
843:,
815:,
811:,
807:,
799:,
795:,
791:,
787:,
783:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
743:,
739:,
735:,
222:,
192:.
2076:/
1826:)
1818:(
1812:)
1776:(
1770:)
1766:(
1750:)
1746:(
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1695:t
1688:v
1665:)
1608:)
1604:(
1430:)
1426:(
845:F
819:)
801:N
797:L
793:K
789:I
785:H
781:G
777:D
773:C
747:)
663:e
656:t
649:v
278:A
250:A
216:A
34:.
20:)
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