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August 1957, practically on the date foreseen. A press release by CERN on 16 August 1957, stated that the SC, as the third-largest accelerator of its type in the world, had started to work at its full energy. In late 1958, the
Synchrocyclotron made its first important contribution to nuclear physics by the discovery of the rare
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particle. This discovery helped theorists a lot by proving that this decay really occurs. The
Synchrocyclotron was used for an average of 135 hours per week during 1961; it ran continuously every day of the week except Mondays which were reserved for maintenance. The Synchrocyclotron was accelerating
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which was going to be held in
Amsterdam in October. According to the report, the group aimed to finish its work in a year and a complete report to be presented to the European Council for Nuclear Research. A preliminary design drawing of the SC was attached to the report which stated that the work of
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in mid-June. Decisions made in the meeting included several trips to see similar machines around the world, making contacts to find appropriate companies that can build necessary pieces and preparing basic drawings of the machine. After a second meeting at
Amsterdam in August, a progress report dated
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was appointed as director of the
Synchro-Cyclotron Study Group. After a month, in a report called Provisional Program of Synchro-Cyclotron Study Group, the group decided that they would need a design that could provide 600 MeV protons. The initial objective of the group stated as indicating the scope
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In 1969, preparations started to increase the beam intensity and improve the beam extraction efficiency of the SC. It was shut down in June 1973 for modifications. The highly improved machine started working again for physical research with its new name, SC2, in
January 1975. In 1990, ISOLDE was
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became the director of the
Synchro-Cyclotron Study Group, as former director Cornelis Bakker became the Director-General of CERN. The research program for the Synchrocyclotron started to be planned to be able to start experiments as soon as possible. The SC was ready to produce its first beam in
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created by two large magnets placed below and above the structure. The machine continues to accelerate particles by alternating the direction of the electrical field until they reach the maximum radius and then extracts them via a beam tube and sends them towards a target or another machine.
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Having served as storage facility since the 1990 shutdown, the SC and its building, the SC hall, were renovated in 2012-2013 to become an exhibition area for visitors, opening
September 2013. The exhibition includes a multi-media show about the birth of CERN and the Synchrocyclotron. Using
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source. These dees are placed on a plane in a way that their openings on the flat sides look at each other. The particles inside the
Syncrocylotron can be accelerated from one dee to the other by the force produced by the
233:. In May 1966, the Synchrocyclotron was shut down for major modifications. Until mid-July, the capacity of the SC and its associated facilities were improved. Also, a new tunnel was constructed for an external proton
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was proposed as an ideal solution for a medium-energy accelerator to use until they built a more powerful accelerator. Later in May 1952, in the first council meeting of the proposed organization,
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project. In late 1964, a formal proposal was submitted for the project and accepted by the CERN Director-General. In the same year, the
Synchrocyclotron started to concentrate on
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produced in the Synchrocyclotron. High production rates observed during these measurements proved that the SC was the ideal machine for experiments for on-line production of rare
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of the work to be done and studying and/or designing the necessary items. After preliminary studies, the first meeting of the SC study group was held in
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are featured in the show. Some objects and tools which were used at the time the Synchrocyclotron was started are also in the hall for visitors to see.
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technology, it displays simulations of the accelerating particles on the SC and demonstrates parts of it. SC physicicts—and CERN pioneers—Giuseppe and
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to the new underground hall for the new isotope separator. In 1967, it started supplying beams for the dedicated radioactive-ion-beam facility called
66:. After its remarkably long 33 years of service time, the SC was decommissioned in 1990. Nowadays it accepts visitors as an exhibition area in CERN.
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were published in Vienna. This isotope separator was built by CERN's Nuclear Chemistry Group (NCG) and used in measurements of production rates of
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54 times a second, up to a speed of approximately 240,000 kilometers per second (80% percent of the
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Hermann, Armin; Krige, Gerhard John; Mersits, Ulrike; Pestre, Dominique; Weiss, Laura (1990).
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Hermann, Armin; Krige, Gerhard John; Mersits, Ulrike; Pestre, Dominique; Weiss, Laura (1990).
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between dees. The particles accelerated between dees with this method are rotated by the
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the group was progressing "satisfactorily" and they were cooperating "adequately".
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alone, leaving particle physics to a more powerful accelerator built in 1959, the
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In 1953, after a year of research, meetings and reports alike, the design of
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Synchrocyclotron from Scientific Experiment to Public Exhibition (video)
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Throughout the process, the frequency is being decreased to compensate
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Crucial Experiment With CERN 600 MeV Synchro-Cyclotron (Press Release)
476:: discovery of shape staggering and shape coexistence in the Hg region
221:. In April 1963, a group of physicists met at CERN to discuss for the
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started. The construction of the machine began in 1954 on the site at
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with the parts coming from all over Western Europe. In late 1955,
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1 October 1952 was prepared to be presented in the meeting of the
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in 1945. Its main purpose is to accelerate charged particles like
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History of CERN Volume II: Building and Running the Laboratory
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History of CERN Volume II: Building and Running the Laboratory
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CERN Synchro-cyclotron working at full energy (Press Release)
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Below is the list of some physics activities done at the SC.
257:, and the SC finally closed down after 33 years of service.
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918:"Maria and Giuseppe: Lives intertwined with CERN's history"
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increase due to the speed of the particles approaching the
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Studies on nuclear masses, nuclear shapes, exotic decays
94:(called "dee"s) with a gap between them, connected to a
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Construction of the CERN Synchro-Cyclotron (1952-1957)
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Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
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reactions with the production of radioactive species
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90:. The machine consists of two D-shaped hollow metal
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Preparation For Experimentation With The SC Machine
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750:"Plans for an isotope separator are published"
399:Strength functions and statistical aspects of
165:The Synchro-Cyclotron (CERN) construction site
16:This article is about the specific machine at
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641:Scientific Policy Committee, 11 November 1955
51:. It accelerated particles to energies up to
890:"The Synchrocyclotron prepares for visitors"
837:"Archives of Synchro-Cyclotron Division, SC"
779:"CERN approves the online separator project"
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128:In late 1951, a UNESCO meeting about a new
1203:European Organization for Nuclear Research
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1037:. Amsterdam: North-Holland. p. 330.
601:. Amsterdam: North-Holland. p. 106.
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522:Rubbia, Carlo (1993). "Opening address".
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314:Observation of the beta decay of the pion
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139:was held in Paris. In the meeting, the
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479:Rabi apparatus for the measurement of
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155:European Council for Nuclear Research
570:Synchro-Cyclotron Divisional Reports
78:(as a general idea) was invented by
1741:The Globe of Science and Innovation
841:CERN Scientific Information Service
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261:Converted to a CERN visitor point
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1271:Large Electron–Positron Collider
439:between the muon and the nucleus
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20:. For the general concept, see
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452:Pion production and absorption
1:
1761:Scientific committees of CERN
808:"Synchrocyclotron shuts down"
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1726:Worldwide LHC Computing Grid
1158:46.232976000°N 6.052763000°E
544:10.1016/0370-1573(93)90155-7
7:
1800:Particle physics facilities
1655:Non-accelerator experiments
1438:81 cm Saclay Bubble Chamber
1075:. Studies in CERN history.
449:Pion double charge exchange
437:Electromagnetic interaction
10:
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255:Proton Synchrotron Booster
209:In May 1960, plans for an
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1756:Directors-general of CERN
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472:Radioactive detection of
1688:Future Circular Collider
1310:Super Proton Synchrotron
1127:(1–3): 1–191. April 1993
1069:Mersits, Ulrike (1984).
982:(1–3): 1–191. April 1993
904:"Our universe was yours"
405:Atomic physics: x-rays,
141:synchrocyclotron machine
1683:Compact Linear Collider
1319:List of SPS experiments
1280:List of LEP experiments
1221:List of LHC experiments
1012:(9): 2. September 1962
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166:
39:), built in 1957, was
1212:Large Hadron Collider
866:"The Sychrocyclotron"
501:Resonance ionization
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171:the Synchro-Cyclotron
164:
1731:Microcosm exhibition
1433:30 cm Bubble Chamber
1002:"Last Month at CERN"
573:, CERN-ARCH-Series,
385:Nuclear spectroscopy
1447:Linear accelerators
1154: /
701:, 11 September 1958
536:1993PhR...225...12R
483:and magnetic moment
417:solid-state physics
304:Measurement of the
294:Observation of the
253:transferred to the
1750:(2013 documentary)
1493:Other accelerators
1428:2 m Bubble Chamber
1394:Proton Synchrotron
943:"Synchrocyclotron"
906:. 21 October 2013.
497:laser spectroscopy
444:strong interaction
426:: distribution of
342:Muonic and pionic
276:projection mapping
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269:On display in 2024
231:Proton Synchrotron
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1805:CERN accelerators
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1539:LPI (LIL and EPA)
731:, 25 January 1962
503:mass spectroscopy
424:nuclear structure
422:Investigation of
415:Implantation for
223:isotope separator
211:isotope separator
114:relativistic mass
98:(RF) alternating
29:Synchro-Cyclotron
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1697:Related articles
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1500:AA (part of AAC)
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366:solid-state work
179:Wolfgang Gentner
137:nuclear research
105:electrical field
76:Synchrocyclotron
60:Director-General
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22:Synchrocyclotron
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391:unstable nuclei
317:Measurement of
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395:decay modes
64:Felix Bloch
1794:Categories
1423:Gargamelle
1354:NA61/SHINE
1044:0444882073
947:Visit CERN
928:2023-11-02
875:2014-10-10
608:0444882073
509:References
495:Collinear
456:Spallation
401:beta decay
368:: Metals,
357:scattering
350:scattering
326:muon decay
308:anomalous
286:Activities
150:Copenhagen
92:electrodes
70:Background
1102:ignored (
1092:cite book
1050:13 August
614:13 August
552:0370-1573
489:-induced
393:and rare
62:of CERN,
53:600
1779:Category
1704:LHC@home
1617:Miniball
1612:LUCRECIA
1607:ISOLTRAP
1570:facility
1131:8 August
1016:8 August
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411:francium
374:polymers
335:hydrogen
322:helicity
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296:electron
235:beamline
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184:electron
130:European
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532:Bibcode
460:fission
355:Nucleon
200:protons
189:of the
124:History
100:voltage
84:protons
1637:WISArD
1592:EC-SLI
1568:ISOLDE
1484:Linac4
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1290:DELPHI
1251:MoEDAL
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792:9 July
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446:effect
344:x-rays
239:ISOLDE
175:Meyrin
1643:WITCH
1544:n-TOF
1526:PS210
1469:Linac
1464:CLEAR
1454:AWAKE
1324:AWAKE
1312:(SPS)
1285:ALEPH
1273:(LEP)
1261:FASER
1256:TOTEM
1231:ATLAS
1226:ALICE
1214:(LHC)
725:(PDF)
695:(PDF)
665:(PDF)
635:(PDF)
487:Laser
360:Muon
348:Pion
324:from
187:decay
31:, or
1815:CERN
1662:CAST
1632:VITO
1587:CRIS
1534:LEIR
1520:LEAR
1459:CTF3
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1374:BIBC
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1349:NA60
1339:NA49
1334:NA48
1329:CNGS
1295:OPAL
1246:LHCf
1241:LHCb
1133:2019
1104:help
1084:2019
1077:CERN
1052:2019
1039:ISBN
1018:2019
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870:CERN
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548:ISSN
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364:for
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