899:
4505:
2286:
2658:
2278:
2033:
1555:
1819:
1322:
750:
2606:
2201:
2441:
1737:
563:
2462:
2028:{\displaystyle {\frac {1\;{\text{eV}}}{hc}}={\frac {1.602\ 176\ 634\times 10^{-19}\;{\text{J}}}{(2.99\ 792\ 458\times 10^{10}\;{\text{cm}}/{\text{s}})\times (6.62\ 607\ 015\times 10^{-34}\;{\text{J}}{\cdot }{\text{s}})}}\thickapprox 8065.5439\;{\text{cm}}^{-1}.}
1550:{\displaystyle p=1\;{\text{GeV}}/c={\frac {(1\times 10^{9})\times (1.602\ 176\ 634\times 10^{-19}\;{\text{C}})\times (1\;{\text{V}})}{2.99\ 792\ 458\times 10^{8}\;{\text{m}}/{\text{s}}}}=5.344\ 286\times 10^{-19}\;{\text{kg}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}/{\text{s}}.}
2636:
In a low-energy nuclear scattering experiment, it is conventional to refer to the nuclear recoil energy in units of eVr, keVr, etc. This distinguishes the nuclear recoil energy from the "electron equivalent" recoil energy (eVee, keVee, etc.) measured by
2057:
2308:
1604:
490:
In the fields of physics in which the electronvolt is used, other quantities are typically measured using units derived from the electronvolt as a product with fundamental constants of importance in the theory are often used.
2467:
745:{\displaystyle 1\;{\text{eV}}/c^{2}={\frac {(1.602\ 176\ 634\times 10^{-19}\,{\text{C}})\times 1\,{\text{V}}}{(299\ 792\ 458\;\mathrm {m/s} )^{2}}}=1.782\ 661\ 92\times 10^{-36}\;{\text{kg}}.}
1143:
2649:
per keV electron-equivalent energy). The relationship between eV, eVr, and eVee depends on the medium the scattering takes place in, and must be established empirically for each material.
3331:
2601:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E&=4.135\ 667\ 696\times 10^{-15}\;\mathrm {eV/Hz} \times \nu \\&={\frac {1\ 239.841\ 98\;\mathrm {eV{\cdot }nm} }{\lambda }}.\end{aligned}}}
1227:
966:
1267:
such that an applied energy with expressed in the unit eV conveniently results in a numerically approximately equivalent change of momentum when expressed with the unit eV/
1261:
3814:
3423:
3379:
2668:
varies only with the frequency of the photon, related by the speed of light. This contrasts with a massive particle of which the energy depends on its velocity and
2196:{\displaystyle {1\,\mathrm {eV} /k_{\text{B}}}={1.602\ 176\ 634\times 10^{-19}{\text{ J}} \over 1.380\ 649\times 10^{-23}{\text{ J/K}}}=11\ 604.518\ 12{\text{ K}},}
1054:
1169:
1024:
997:
2436:{\displaystyle E=h\nu ={\frac {hc}{\lambda }}={\frac {\mathrm {4.135\ 667\ 696\times 10^{-15}\;eV/Hz} \times \mathrm {299\,792\,458\;m/s} }{\lambda }}}
3947:
3792:
3677:
3648:
3904:
1732:{\displaystyle \hbar =1.054\ 571\ 817\ 646\times 10^{-34}\ \mathrm {J{\cdot }s} =6.582\ 119\ 569\ 509\times 10^{-16}\ \mathrm {eV{\cdot }s} .}
1590:. In these units, both distances and times are expressed in inverse energy units (while energy and mass are expressed in the same units, see
838:), one twelfth of the mass a carbon-12 atom, is close to the mass of a proton. To convert to electronvolt mass-equivalent, use the formula:
3726:
4480:
1070:
1294:. Dividing a unit of energy (such as eV) by a fundamental constant (such as the speed of light) that has the dimension of velocity (
3762:
4534:
124:
3969:
1174:
4011:
3827:
3570:
One mole of particles given 1 eV of energy each has approximately 96.5 kJ of energy – this corresponds to the
4196:
4056:"Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments"
3882:
1601:
Outside this system of units, the conversion factors between electronvolt, second, and nanometer are the following:
4386:
3997:
3822:
273:(10), the respective symbols being meV, keV, MeV, GeV, TeV, PeV and EeV. The SI unit of energy is the joule (J).
1816:
Energy in electronvolts is sometimes expressed through the wavelength of light with photons of the same energy:
4490:
3296:
3857:
4205:
3615:
2926:
1810:
1065:
913:
903:
3553:
3238:
3234:
2225:
1591:
524:
500:
3937:
2046:, it is convenient to use the electronvolt to express temperature. The electronvolt is divided by the
4529:
4539:
4444:
3914:
2909:
2739:
4485:
3461:
2804:
2638:
99:
4189:
1240:
4051:
4016:
3057:
2995:
239:
4132:
4077:
3707:
3401:
3357:
2867:
2778:
2759:
1230:
1032:
828:
36:
32:
28:
24:
20:
8:
4470:
4144:
3269:
3032:
2846:
2798:
2784:
2765:
1316:
1148:
969:
223:
4136:
4081:
3711:
511:, where units of mass and energy are often interchanged, to express mass in units of eV/
4148:
4122:
4067:
3061:
2930:
2745:
2211:
2047:
1301:) facilitates the required conversion for using a unit of energy to quantify momentum.
1009:
982:
3754:
2224:
is assumed when using the electronvolt to express temperature, for example, a typical
4549:
4508:
4394:
4182:
4095:
1595:
898:
875:
By dividing a particle's kinetic energy in electronvolts by the fundamental constant
177:
4152:
4544:
4140:
4090:
4085:
4055:
4047:
3571:
3496:
3444:
3334:
3194:
3173:
3109:
3049:
3024:
2998:(operated at 3.5 TeV since its start on 30 March 2010, reached 13 TeV in May 2015)
2753:
2709:
1565:
1264:
508:
235:
3994:"A growing astrophysical neutrino signal in IceCube now features a 2-PeV neutrino"
4261:
3784:
3640:
3156:
3092:
3074:
2448:
1573:
231:
128:
120:
91:
83:
4414:
4346:
3669:
3535:
3508:
3342:
3262:
3242:
3226:
3208:
3126:
2947:
2863:
2692:
2456:
2043:
1027:
973:
520:
227:
219:
63:
895:
may be informally be omitted to express momentum using the unit electronvolt.
4523:
4475:
4399:
4336:
4326:
3291:
3258:
3078:
2892:
2772:
2725:
2665:
2646:
1742:
1233:. When a relatively high energy is applied to a particle with relatively low
907:
540:
4025:
4376:
4361:
4316:
4296:
4213:
4099:
2874:
2051:
766:
536:
4169:
3913:. Help from: Kowitt, Mark; Corcoran, Mike; Garcia, Leonard. Archived from
4291:
4246:
3878:
3539:
3512:
3482:
3265:
3212:
3053:
2838:
2733:
2719:
1749:
410:
3993:
1785:
1000:
4356:
4271:
3430:
3130:
3028:
2683:
2669:
2642:
1234:
243:
4236:
4127:
4072:
3853:
3448:
3426:
3382:
3177:
3012:
2792:
1057:
1004:
880:
755:
548:
464:
382:
278:
157:
156:
An electronvolt is the amount of energy gained or lost by a single
67:
2285:
1568:, a system of natural units in which the speed of light in vacuum
307:
4424:
4409:
4351:
4281:
4276:
4226:
3386:
3134:
2981:
2871:
2855:
2831:
2657:
1764:
292:
215:
161:
95:
71:
43:
2232:(kiloelectronvolt), which is equal to 174 MK (megakelvin).
1813:
are often expressed in the more convenient inverse picoseconds.
4439:
4341:
4251:
4231:
4221:
3557:
2901:
2884:
2842:
2277:
977:
785:
774:
535:). It is common to informally express mass in terms of eV as a
326:
79:
887:. In natural units in which the fundamental velocity constant
4454:
4449:
4434:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4286:
4241:
4113:
Mertens, Susanne (2016). "Direct neutrino mass experiments".
3160:
3096:
2973:
2700:
87:
1809:
Conversely, the tiny meson mass differences responsible for
4429:
4371:
4366:
4174:
4021:
3942:
3909:
3138:
3113:
2939:
2918:
1598:
are often presented using a unit of inverse particle mass.
504:
439:
354:
169:
165:
75:
4404:
4331:
4321:
3338:
3255:
3230:
214:
The electronvolt (eV) is a unit of energy, but is not an
119:
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard
3826:. IST 8A (Shedding Light on Life) - W06. Archived from
3789:
The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
3674:
The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
3645:
The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
2994:
designed proton center-of-mass collision energy at the
3304:
879:(the speed of light), one can describe the particle's
3854:"Electromagnetic Spectrum, The Physics Hypertextbook"
3698:
Barrow, J. D. (1983). "Natural Units Before Planck".
3404:
3360:
3299:
2662:
Photon frequency vs. energy particle in electronvolts
2620:
would correspond to an infrared photon of wavelength
2465:
2311:
2060:
1822:
1748:
of an unstable particle (in seconds) in terms of its
1607:
1579:
are dimensionless and equal to unity is widely used:
1325:
1243:
1177:
1151:
1073:
1035:
1012:
985:
916:
566:
2946:
energy consumed by a 10-watt device (e.g. a typical
2612:(green light) would have an energy of approximately
3700:
Quarterly
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
3417:
3373:
3325:
2600:
2435:
2195:
2027:
1731:
1549:
1255:
1221:
1163:
1137:
1048:
1018:
991:
960:
744:
90:(symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the
19:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
4521:
799:a convenient unit of mass for particle physics:
3727:"Energy and momentum units in particle physics"
3056:, as measured by two separate detectors at the
2281:Energy of photons in the visible spectrum in eV
1138:{\displaystyle E^{2}=p^{2}c^{2}+m_{0}^{2}c^{4}}
308:Relation to other physical properties and units
102:, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value
3635:
3633:
3631:
1741:The above relations also allow expressing the
4190:
3785:"2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant in eV/Hz"
3777:
3724:
2980:the highest-energy neutrino detected by the
503:, the electronvolt corresponds to a unit of
4481:Historical definitions of the SI base units
3628:
4197:
4183:
3662:
2565:
2511:
2414:
2380:
2006:
1978:
1922:
1883:
1829:
1518:
1471:
1432:
1414:
1335:
733:
672:
570:
197:. Therefore, one electronvolt is equal to
4126:
4089:
4071:
3326:{\displaystyle ({\tfrac {hc}{\lambda }})}
3155:approximate average energy released in a
2631:
2410:
2406:
2065:
646:
631:
276:In some older documents, and in the name
4170:Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST
4046:
3851:
3812:
3747:
2656:
2284:
2276:
897:
4112:
4106:
3970:"How Many Watts Does a Light Bulb Use?"
3902:
3091:approximate average energy released in
3011:, about the kinetic energy of a flying
2289:Graph of wavelength (nm) to energy (eV)
4522:
3697:
3670:"2022 CODATA Value: elementary charge"
4178:
4115:Journal of Physics: Conference Series
2652:
1222:{\displaystyle E^{2}=p^{2}+m_{0}^{2}}
961:{\displaystyle E^{2}=p^{2}+m_{0}^{2}}
151:
3935:
3896:
3590:moles of particles each with energy
4024:. Electronvolt (eV). Archived from
3759:Associate Teacher Institute Toolkit
3556:radiation temperature of ~2.7
3035:for which this has been determined
2641:light. For example, the yield of a
144:after passing through a voltage of
13:
3950:from the original on 11 March 2020
3879:"Definition of frequency bands on"
3813:Molinaro, Marco (9 January 2006).
3641:"2022 CODATA Value: electron volt"
2581:
2578:
2570:
2567:
2527:
2524:
2516:
2513:
2423:
2415:
2395:
2392:
2384:
2381:
2070:
2067:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1663:
1655:
682:
674:
127:sciences, because a particle with
125:electrostatic particle accelerator
14:
4561:
4163:
3903:Lochner, Jim (11 February 1998).
3586:), where the energy in joules of
3145:per kilogram of product produced
2984:neutrino telescope in Antarctica
2929:particle observed, the so-called
2000:
86:, the numerical value of 1 eV in
62:, is the measure of an amount of
4504:
4503:
4000:from the original on 2015-03-19.
3765:from the original on 14 May 2011
1784:has a lifetime of 1.530(9)
784:. In general, the masses of all
539:, effectively using a system of
304:, though neither is an SI unit.
4040:
4004:
3986:
3962:
3929:
3885:from the original on 2010-04-30
3860:from the original on 2016-07-29
3823:University of California, Davis
3565:
3125:average energy released in the
2862:energy released from a 20
754:For example, an electron and a
222:within physics, widely used in
168:. Hence, it has a value of one
4491:System of units of measurement
4145:10.1088/1742-6596/718/2/022013
4091:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.191803
3871:
3845:
3806:
3718:
3691:
3320:
3300:
3229:systems, like the core of the
2608:A photon with a wavelength of
2037:
1994:
1944:
1938:
1891:
1438:
1426:
1420:
1380:
1374:
1355:
687:
654:
637:
597:
1:
4535:Units of chemical measurement
3621:
2272:
1304:For example, if the momentum
1284:. The dimension of energy is
1274:The dimension of momentum is
162:electric potential difference
72:electric potential difference
4204:
3616:Orders of magnitude (energy)
3235:magnetically confined plasma
2927:ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
1237:, it can be approximated as
972:that can be visualized as a
7:
3938:"Open Questions in Physics"
3761:. Fermilab. 22 March 2002.
3755:"Units in particle physics"
3609:
3554:cosmic microwave background
3073:average energy released in
3060:to a certainty better than
2673:
2305:of a photon are related by
2226:magnetic confinement fusion
2042:In certain fields, such as
1594:). In particular, particle
1559:
870:
300:is therefore equivalent to
242:. It is commonly used with
10:
4566:
3495:, of one gas molecule at
3159:neutron released from one
2645:is measured in phe/keVee (
123:through its usefulness in
18:
4499:
4463:
4385:
4260:
4212:
3180:, the lowest-mass quark.
2864:kiloton of TNT equivalent
1315:, then the conversion to
1256:{\displaystyle E\simeq p}
160:when it moves through an
4445:minute and second of arc
3936:Baez, John (July 2012).
2910:grand unification energy
1066:energy–momentum relation
904:energy–momentum relation
240:high-energy astrophysics
218:. It is a commonly used
70:accelerating through an
4486:2019 revision of the SI
4060:Physical Review Letters
3254:the energy required to
1788:, mean decay length is
1592:mass–energy equivalence
1574:reduced Planck constant
1145:in natural units (with
501:mass–energy equivalence
494:
100:2019 revision of the SI
3525:, at room temperature
3462:average kinetic energy
3419:
3375:
3327:
2811:
2632:Scattering experiments
2602:
2437:
2290:
2282:
2265:) at a temperature of
2197:
2029:
1798:, or a decay width of
1733:
1551:
1257:
1223:
1165:
1139:
1061:
1050:
1020:
993:
962:
891:is numerically 1, the
795:, which makes the GeV/
758:, each with a mass of
746:
98:(symbol C). Under the
4017:Compact Muon Solenoid
3856:. hypertextbook.com.
3594: eV is equal to
3420:
3418:{\displaystyle E_{g}}
3376:
3374:{\displaystyle E_{g}}
3328:
2996:Large Hadron Collider
2660:
2603:
2438:
2288:
2280:
2235:As an approximation:
2198:
2030:
1734:
1552:
1258:
1224:
1166:
1140:
1051:
1049:{\displaystyle m_{0}}
1021:
994:
963:
901:
747:
4387:Other accepted units
3425:required to break a
3402:
3381:required to break a
3358:
3297:
3286:1.65 to 3.26 eV
3239:inertial confinement
2868:nuclear weapon yield
2866:explosion (e.g. the
2740:extremely high freq.
2463:
2309:
2058:
1820:
1605:
1323:
1319:can be achieved by:
1241:
1231:Pythagorean equation
1175:
1149:
1071:
1033:
1010:
983:
970:Pythagorean equation
914:
829:atomic mass constant
788:are of the order of
564:
176:, multiplied by the
37:PEV (disambiguation)
33:TEV (disambiguation)
29:GEV (disambiguation)
25:KEV (disambiguation)
21:MEV (disambiguation)
4471:Conversion of units
4137:2016JPhCS.718b2013M
4082:2015PhRvL.114s1803A
4028:on 11 December 2013
3833:on 29 November 2007
3712:1983QJRAS..24...24B
3451:(sum of 3 flavors)
3443:upper bound on the
3033:elementary particle
2847:observable universe
2805:extremely low freq.
1763:. For example, the
1317:MKS system of units
1265:high-energy physics
1218:
1164:{\displaystyle c=1}
1124:
957:
286:is used, where the
66:gained by a single
4264:with special names
3815:""What is Light?""
3725:Gron Tudor Jones.
3415:
3371:
3323:
3318:
3193:, about twice the
2931:Oh-My-God particle
2812:
2666:energy of a photon
2653:Energy comparisons
2598:
2596:
2459:. This reduces to
2433:
2291:
2283:
2212:Boltzmann constant
2193:
2050:to convert to the
2048:Boltzmann constant
2025:
1811:meson oscillations
1729:
1596:scattering lengths
1547:
1308:of an electron is
1253:
1219:
1204:
1161:
1135:
1110:
1062:
1046:
1016:
989:
958:
943:
850:931.4941 MeV/
742:
507:. It is common in
152:Definition and use
94:of an electron in
35:, and
4517:
4516:
4395:astronomical unit
4054:(26 March 2015).
3917:on 19 August 2014
3905:"Big Bang Energy"
3563:
3562:
3317:
2950:) in one second (
2810:
2809:
2705:FIR: far infrared
2688:MIR: mid-infrared
2589:
2561:
2555:
2491:
2485:
2431:
2360:
2354:
2340:
2301:, and wavelength
2188:
2181:
2175:
2165:
2162:
2139:
2130:
2107:
2101:
2086:
2011:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1958:
1952:
1936:
1926:
1905:
1899:
1887:
1863:
1857:
1844:
1833:
1709:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1653:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1498:
1488:
1485:
1475:
1454:
1448:
1436:
1418:
1394:
1388:
1339:
1019:{\displaystyle p}
992:{\displaystyle E}
737:
713:
707:
697:
668:
662:
650:
635:
611:
605:
574:
488:
487:
321:SI value of unit
183: =
178:elementary charge
82:. When used as a
4557:
4530:Particle physics
4507:
4506:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4157:
4156:
4130:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4093:
4075:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3819:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3637:
3585:
3583:
3572:Faraday constant
3550:
3532:
3523:
3505:
3497:room temperature
3493:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3458:
3445:rest mass energy
3440:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3395:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3351:
3335:visible spectrum
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3305:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3251:
3223:
3204:
3203:1 to 10 keV
3195:rest mass energy
3192:
3187:
3174:rest mass energy
3170:
3152:
3144:
3122:
3110:rest mass energy
3106:
3088:
3070:
3050:rest mass energy
3046:
3044:
3025:rest mass energy
3021:
3010:
3005:
2991:
2977:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2922:
2905:
2888:
2859:
2835:
2829:
2814:
2813:
2779:ultra high freq.
2760:super high freq.
2754:near ultraviolet
2674:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2559:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2530:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2489:
2483:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2398:
2391:
2379:
2378:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2328:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2248:
2231:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2105:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2012:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1956:
1950:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1589:
1566:particle physics
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1314:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1200:
1199:
1187:
1186:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1118:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
998:
996:
995:
990:
976:where the total
967:
965:
964:
959:
956:
951:
939:
938:
926:
925:
867:
865:
860:
854:
824:
822:
820:
817:
814:
808:
794:
783:
772:
764:
751:
749:
748:
743:
738:
735:
732:
731:
711:
705:
698:
696:
695:
694:
685:
681:
666:
660:
652:
651:
648:
636:
633:
630:
629:
609:
603:
595:
590:
589:
580:
575:
572:
557:
533:
523:in vacuum (from
509:particle physics
484:
482:
479:
459:
457:
454:
434:
432:
428:
405:
403:
400:
397:
377:
375:
372:
369:
349:
346:
344:
341:
338:
312:
311:
210:
208:
205:
202:
196:
194:
191:
188:
175:
143:
134:gains an energy
115:
113:
110:
107:
54:), also written
4565:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4540:Units of energy
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4495:
4476:Metric prefixes
4459:
4381:
4263:
4256:
4208:
4203:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4111:
4107:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4010:
4009:
4005:
3996:. 21 May 2014.
3992:
3991:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3918:
3901:
3897:
3888:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3863:
3861:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3796:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3696:
3692:
3683:
3681:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3639:
3638:
3629:
3624:
3612:
3581:
3579:
3568:
3546:
3540:
3530:
3519:
3513:
3503:
3489:
3483:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3456:
3438:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3393:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3306:
3303:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3285:
3277:
3273:
3259:atomic hydrogen
3249:
3243:nuclear weapons
3219:
3213:
3202:
3197:of an electron
3190:
3185:
3168:
3157:nuclear fission
3150:
3142:
3120:
3104:
3093:nuclear fission
3086:
3068:
3042:
3040:
3031:, the heaviest
3019:
3008:
3003:
2989:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2937:
2916:
2899:
2882:
2853:
2843:ordinary matter
2827:
2825:
2799:very high freq.
2785:super low freq.
2766:ultra-low freq.
2716:SX: soft X-rays
2655:
2634:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2595:
2594:
2573:
2566:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2519:
2512:
2502:
2498:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2449:Planck constant
2418:
2402:
2387:
2371:
2367:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2329:
2327:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2275:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2229:
2223:
2209:
2185:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2133:
2127:
2118:
2114:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2040:
2013:
2008:
2007:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1969:
1965:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1912:
1890:
1884:
1874:
1870:
1851:
1849:
1836:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1753:
1717:
1710:
1698:
1694:
1658:
1654:
1642:
1638:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1580:
1562:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1505:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1442:
1433:
1415:
1405:
1401:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1341:
1336:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1213:
1208:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1011:
1008:
1007:
984:
981:
980:
952:
947:
934:
930:
921:
917:
915:
912:
911:
883:in units of eV/
873:
868:
858:
856:
849:
847:
841:
837:
825:
818:
815:
812:
810:
803:
802:
789:
779:0.938 GeV/
778:
770:
760:0.511 MeV/
759:
734:
724:
720:
690:
686:
677:
673:
653:
647:
632:
622:
618:
596:
594:
585:
581:
576:
571:
565:
562:
561:
552:
525:
497:
480:
477:
475:
455:
452:
450:
430:
426:
424:
421:
401:
398:
395:
393:
373:
370:
367:
365:
347:
342:
339:
336:
334:
310:
206:
203:
200:
198:
192:
189:
186:
184:
173:
154:
135:
129:electric charge
121:unit of measure
111:
108:
105:
103:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4563:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4282:degree Celsius
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4262:Derived units
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4164:External links
4162:
4159:
4158:
4105:
4066:(19): 191803.
4039:
4003:
3985:
3961:
3928:
3895:
3870:
3852:Elert, Glenn.
3844:
3805:
3776:
3746:
3734:Indico.cern.ch
3717:
3690:
3661:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3608:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3544:
3536:thermal energy
3533:
3527:
3526:
3517:
3509:thermal energy
3506:
3500:
3499:
3487:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3412:
3408:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3368:
3364:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3302:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3227:nuclear fusion
3217:
3209:thermal energy
3205:
3199:
3198:
3191:0.1602 pJ
3188:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3127:nuclear fusion
3123:
3117:
3116:
3107:
3105:105.7 MeV
3101:
3100:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3009:0.1602 μJ
3006:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2948:LED light bulb
2944:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2860:
2850:
2849:
2836:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2748:
2746:very low freq.
2742:
2736:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2654:
2651:
2647:photoelectrons
2633:
2630:
2626:241.8 THz
2593:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2457:speed of light
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2274:
2271:
2239:
2221:
2207:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2044:plasma physics
2039:
2036:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1931:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1828:
1777:
1769:
1752:Γ (in eV) via
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1561:
1558:
1546:
1537:
1527:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1043:
1039:
1015:
988:
974:right triangle
955:
950:
946:
942:
937:
933:
929:
924:
920:
872:
869:
845:
840:
835:
801:
777:has a mass of
771:1.022 MeV
741:
730:
727:
723:
719:
716:
710:
704:
701:
693:
689:
684:
680:
676:
671:
665:
659:
656:
645:
642:
639:
628:
625:
621:
617:
614:
608:
602:
599:
593:
588:
584:
579:
569:
551:equivalent of
547:set to 1. The
521:speed of light
496:
493:
486:
485:
473:
467:
461:
460:
448:
442:
436:
435:
422:
419:
413:
407:
406:
404:10 kg·m/s
391:
385:
379:
378:
363:
357:
351:
350:
332:
329:
323:
322:
319:
316:
309:
306:
220:unit of energy
153:
150:
84:unit of energy
64:kinetic energy
16:Unit of energy
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4562:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4510:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4415:degree of arc
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4121:(2): 022013.
4120:
4116:
4109:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4007:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3932:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3859:
3855:
3848:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3816:
3809:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3577:
3573:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3410:
3406:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3366:
3362:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3293:
3292:photon energy
3289:
3284:
3283:
3271:
3267:
3266:bond energies
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:17.6 MeV
3119:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:Planck energy
2890:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2773:visible light
2771:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2732:EUV: extreme
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2639:scintillation
2629:
2624:or frequency
2616:. Similarly,
2591:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2534:
2531:
2520:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2428:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2388:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2279:
2270:
2247:0.025 eV
2244:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2206:
2190:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2080:
2075:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2003:
1985:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1929:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1826:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1795:459.7 μm
1792:
1787:
1783:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:mean lifetime
1739:
1726:
1718:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1659:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1544:
1535:
1525:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1429:
1423:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1059:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1013:
1006:
1002:
986:
979:
975:
971:
953:
948:
944:
940:
935:
931:
927:
922:
918:
909:
908:natural units
905:
900:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
864:
853:
844:
839:
834:
830:
807:
800:
798:
793:
787:
782:
776:
773:of energy. A
768:
763:
757:
752:
739:
728:
725:
721:
717:
714:
708:
702:
699:
691:
678:
669:
663:
657:
643:
640:
626:
623:
619:
615:
612:
606:
600:
591:
586:
582:
577:
567:
559:
556:
550:
546:
542:
541:natural units
538:
534:
532:
528:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
492:
474:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
449:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
423:
418:
414:
412:
409:
408:
392:
390:
386:
384:
381:
380:
364:
362:
358:
356:
353:
352:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
320:
317:
314:
313:
305:
303:
299:
296:. The symbol
295:
294:
289:
285:
282:, the symbol
281:
280:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
241:
238:physics, and
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
182:
179:
171:
167:
163:
159:
149:
147:
142:
138:
133:
130:
126:
122:
117:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:electron volt
57:
56:electron-volt
53:
49:
45:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4420:electronvolt
4419:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4063:
4059:
4042:
4030:. Retrieved
4026:the original
4015:
4006:
3988:
3977:. Retrieved
3973:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3941:
3931:
3919:. Retrieved
3915:the original
3908:
3898:
3887:. Retrieved
3873:
3862:. Retrieved
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3828:the original
3821:
3808:
3797:. Retrieved
3788:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3758:
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3733:
3720:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3682:. Retrieved
3673:
3664:
3653:. Retrieved
3644:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3575:
3569:
3566:Molar energy
3547:
3541:
3531:230 μeV
3520:
3514:
3490:
3484:
3439:120 meV
3394:720 meV
3250:13.6 eV
3220:
3214:
3207:approximate
3169:1.9 MeV
3143:0.41 PJ
3087:200 MeV
3069:210 MeV
3045:0.2 GeV
3020:172 GeV
2964:10 eV/s
2908:approximate
2875:fission bomb
2710:medium freq.
2661:
2635:
2622:1240 nm
2614:2.33 eV
2452:
2444:
2302:
2298:
2297:, frequency
2294:
2292:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2218:
2216:
2204:
2052:Kelvin scale
2041:
1815:
1808:
1790:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1600:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1273:
1268:
1063:
1056:are the two
892:
888:
884:
876:
874:
862:
851:
842:
832:
826:
805:
796:
791:
780:
761:
753:
560:
554:
544:
537:unit of mass
530:
526:
516:
512:
498:
489:
469:
444:
416:
388:
360:
301:
297:
291:
287:
283:
277:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
213:
180:
155:
145:
140:
136:
131:
118:
59:
55:
51:
48:electronvolt
47:
41:
3921:26 December
3769:13 February
3584: C⋅mol
3504:25 meV
3457:38 meV
3350:1.1 eV
3268:are on the
3054:Higgs boson
2990:14 TeV
2956:10 J/s
2839:mass-energy
2734:ultraviolet
2720:radio waves
2610:532 nm
2293:The energy
2230:15 keV
2038:Temperature
1786:picoseconds
1750:decay width
1310:1 GeV/
804:1 GeV/
790:1 GeV/
411:temperature
290:stands for
244:SI prefixes
224:solid state
172:, which is
4524:Categories
4214:Base units
4128:1605.01579
4073:1503.07589
4012:"Glossary"
3979:2024-06-06
3974:EnergySage
3889:2010-10-16
3881:. Vlf.it.
3864:2016-07-30
3837:7 February
3799:2024-05-18
3795:. May 2024
3684:2024-05-18
3680:. May 2024
3655:2024-05-18
3651:. May 2024
3622:References
3437:<
3278:10 eV
3186:1 MeV
3151:2 MeV
3141:; this is
3004:1 TeV
2938:62.4
2883:12.2
2854:52.5
2791:NIR: near
2693:high freq.
2684:gamma rays
2273:Wavelength
2267:20 °C
2260:11604 K/eV
2228:plasma is
1804:10 eV
1001:hypotenuse
861: GeV/
821:10 kg
767:annihilate
553:1 eV/
376:10 kg
174:1 J/C
4357:steradian
4272:becquerel
4032:18 August
3552:, at the
3449:neutrinos
3431:germanium
3315:λ
3290:range of
3280:per bond
3274:1 eV
3263:molecular
3131:deuterium
3029:top quark
2952:10 W
2917:300
2726:low freq.
2699:HX: hard
2670:rest mass
2643:phototube
2618:1 eV
2587:λ
2575:⋅
2535:ν
2532:×
2504:−
2496:×
2429:λ
2400:×
2373:−
2365:×
2338:λ
2322:ν
2245:is about
2161: J/K
2152:−
2144:×
2120:−
2112:×
2015:−
2004:8065.5439
2001:≈
1986:⋅
1971:−
1963:×
1942:×
1910:×
1876:−
1868:×
1800:4.302(25)
1719:⋅
1700:−
1692:×
1660:⋅
1644:−
1636:×
1609:ℏ
1526:⋅
1511:−
1503:×
1459:×
1424:×
1407:−
1399:×
1378:×
1362:×
1248:≃
1235:rest mass
1028:rest mass
848:= 1 Da =
769:to yield
726:−
718:×
641:×
624:−
616:×
483:10 m
458:10 s
345:10 J
209:10 J
195:10 C
114:10 J
4550:Electron
4509:Category
4464:See also
4237:kilogram
4206:SI units
4153:56355240
4100:26024162
3998:Archived
3948:Archived
3883:Archived
3858:Archived
3763:Archived
3610:See also
3578:≈
3429:bond in
3427:covalent
3385:bond in
3383:covalent
3178:up quark
3137:to form
3013:mosquito
2900:10
2830:10
2793:infrared
1572:and the
1560:Distance
1005:momentum
1003:and the
881:momentum
871:Momentum
756:positron
549:kilogram
515:, where
465:distance
383:momentum
315:Quantity
279:Bevatron
269:(10) or
236:particle
158:electron
96:coulombs
68:electron
50:(symbol
4545:Voltage
4425:hectare
4410:decibel
4352:sievert
4347:siemens
4277:coulomb
4227:candela
4133:Bibcode
4078:Bibcode
3954:19 July
3708:Bibcode
3479:
3467:
3398:energy
3387:silicon
3354:energy
3135:tritium
3095:of one
3077:of one
3075:fission
3062:5 sigma
3052:of the
3027:of the
2982:IceCube
2972:2
2872:Fat Man
2870:of the
2845:in the
2841:of all
2820:Source
2677:Legend
2557:239.841
2455:is the
2447:is the
2263:
2251:
2210:is the
2187: K
2177:604.518
2129: J
999:is the
968:, is a
786:hadrons
519:is the
433: K
348:
293:billion
232:nuclear
216:SI unit
164:of one
74:of one
44:physics
4440:minute
4400:dalton
4342:radian
4337:pascal
4327:newton
4252:second
4232:kelvin
4222:ampere
4151:
4098:
3739:5 June
3706:: 24.
3558:kelvin
3343:violet
3256:ionize
3163:atom.
3099:atom.
3079:Pu-239
2925:first
2817:Energy
2701:X-rays
2664:. The
2560:
2554:
2490:
2484:
2443:where
2359:
2353:
2203:where
2180:
2174:
2138:
2106:
2100:
1957:
1951:
1904:
1898:
1862:
1856:
1708:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1652:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1497:
1453:
1447:
1393:
1387:
978:energy
775:proton
765:, can
712:
706:
667:
661:
610:
604:
327:energy
265:(10),
261:(10),
257:(10),
253:(10),
249:(10),
247:milli-
228:atomic
92:charge
88:joules
80:vacuum
31:,
27:,
23:,
4455:tonne
4450:neper
4435:litre
4377:weber
4362:tesla
4317:lumen
4312:katal
4307:joule
4302:hertz
4297:henry
4287:farad
4242:metre
4149:S2CID
4123:arXiv
4068:arXiv
4048:ATLAS
3831:(PDF)
3818:(PDF)
3730:(PDF)
3337:from
3270:order
3225:, in
3161:U-235
3112:of a
3097:U-235
3081:atom
3041:125.1
2803:ELF:
2797:VHF:
2783:SLF:
2777:UHF:
2764:ULF:
2758:SHF:
2752:NUV:
2744:VLF:
2738:EHF:
2481:4.135
2350:4.135
2254:290 K
2135:1.380
2097:1.602
1853:1.602
1782:meson
1671:6.582
1615:1.054
1494:5.344
1384:1.602
1229:is a
857:0.931
811:1.782
703:1.782
601:1.602
543:with
476:1.973
451:6.582
394:5.344
366:1.782
335:1.602
267:peta-
263:tera-
259:giga-
255:mega-
251:kilo-
199:1.602
185:1.602
104:1.602
46:, an
4430:hour
4372:watt
4367:volt
4292:gray
4247:mole
4096:PMID
4034:2014
4022:CERN
3956:2012
3943:DESY
3923:2016
3910:NASA
3839:2014
3793:NIST
3771:2011
3741:2022
3678:NIST
3649:NIST
3241:and
3139:He-4
3133:and
3114:muon
2960:6.24
2891:the
2724:LF:
2708:MF:
2691:HF:
2217:The
1948:6.62
1895:2.99
1754:Γ =
1444:2.99
1064:The
1058:legs
1026:and
902:The
859:4941
827:The
558:is:
505:mass
495:Mass
440:time
429:.518
355:mass
318:Unit
271:exa-
234:and
170:volt
166:volt
76:volt
58:and
4405:day
4332:ohm
4322:lux
4141:doi
4119:718
4086:doi
4064:114
4052:CMS
3582:485
3447:of
3341:to
3339:red
3333:of
3276:to
3272:of
3231:sun
3176:of
3129:of
3058:LHC
2682:γ:
2493:696
2487:667
2412:458
2408:792
2404:299
2362:696
2356:667
2249:(≈
2141:649
2109:634
2103:176
1960:015
1954:607
1907:458
1901:792
1865:634
1859:176
1689:509
1683:569
1677:119
1633:646
1627:817
1621:571
1588:= 1
1564:In
1500:286
1456:458
1450:792
1396:634
1390:176
1338:GeV
1263:in
906:in
813:661
709:661
670:458
664:792
658:299
613:634
607:176
499:By
472:/eV
453:119
447:/eV
427:604
415:eV/
396:285
387:eV/
368:661
359:eV/
340:634
337:176
302:GeV
298:BeV
284:BeV
204:634
201:176
190:634
187:176
109:634
106:176
78:in
42:In
4526::
4147:.
4139:.
4131:.
4117:.
4094:.
4084:.
4076:.
4062:.
4058:.
4050:;
4020:.
4014:.
3972:.
3946:.
3940:.
3907:.
3820:.
3791:.
3787:.
3757:.
3732:.
3704:24
3702:.
3676:.
3672:.
3647:.
3643:.
3630:^
3606:.
3580:96
3538:,
3511:,
3464:,
3261:;
3237:,
3233:,
3211:,
2976:eV
2966:)
2958:≈
2954:=
2942:eV
2921:eV
2904:eV
2887:eV
2877:)
2858:eV
2834:eV
2672:.
2628:.
2563:98
2507:15
2500:10
2451:,
2376:15
2369:10
2269:.
2214:.
2183:12
2171:11
2155:23
2148:10
2123:19
2116:10
2054::
2010:cm
1974:34
1967:10
1925:cm
1918:10
1914:10
1879:19
1872:10
1832:eV
1806:.
1793:=
1791:cτ
1703:16
1696:10
1647:34
1640:10
1584:=
1521:kg
1514:19
1507:10
1463:10
1410:19
1403:10
1366:10
1271:.
1171:)
910:,
855:=
816:92
809:=
736:kg
729:36
722:10
715:92
627:19
620:10
573:eV
531:mc
529:=
478:27
470:ħc
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