470:, are sexually dimorphic. Adult males grow a head hump, and males are larger than females. These fishes lay about 40 spherical eggs per clutch. The eggs measure between 0.05 and 0.06 in (1.2–1.5 mm) in diameter and have a pair of long filaments for adhesion to the substrate. Reproduction takes place during the wet season, which lasts for several months, during which females probably spawn more than once. Data acquired from studying juvenile growth and the length of representative individuals within a population suggests that they are a short-lived species that matures during the first year, with few individuals surviving to the second breeding season.
53:
31:
496:
410:. They usually are found in swamps, caves, and sluggish fresh and brackish waters. When found in pools, they typically are associated with leaf litter and mats of fine tree roots along the banks. Swamp eels are capable of overland excursions, and some can live out of water for extended periods of time. Some species are burrowers. Four species are found exclusively in caves:
321:
are present as distinct bones and are nonprotrusible. The gills are poorly developed, and their openings are usually single, small, confluent across the breast, and restricted to the lower half of the body. Oxygen is absorbed through the membranes of the throat or intestine. The dorsal and anal fins
216:
No synbrachiform fossil is known. The
Mastacembeloidei were removed from the Perciformes and added to the Synbranchiformes after a phylogenetic analysis by Johnson and Patterson. These authors consider the Synbranchiformes to be part of a
448:
Some species are considered air-breathing fishes because of their ability to breathe by highly vascularized buccopharyngeal pouches (pharynx modified for breathing air). They usually are active only at night.
492:. The fish have numerous sharp dorsal spines and belly thorns which, together with its sliminess make them extremely difficult to handle. The spines must be cut off with scissors before consumption.
418:
661:
Roberts, T.R. (1986). "Systematic review of the
Mastacembelidae or spiny eels of Burma and Thailand, with description of two new species of Macrognathus".
921:
Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; OrtĂ, Guillermo (2017-07-06).
1574:
1599:
1554:
1624:
1806:
1584:
1569:
1589:
226:
222:
1832:
322:
are low and continuous around the tail tip. Pelvic fins are absent. Scales are either absent or very small. They lack a swim bladder.
1780:
1036:
1819:
809:
905:
1824:
878:
641:
lo Nostro, F.L.; Guerrero, G.A. (1996). "Presence of primary and secondary males in a population of the protogynous
1884:
1837:
1922:
1917:
823:
981:
488:
and sometimes are kept in ponds or rice fields. Except for a few mastacembelids, they are rarely seen in home
52:
1029:
784:"A review of the Mastacembeloidei, a suborder of Synbranchoform teleost fish Part 2: Phylogenetic analysis"
608:
Kerle, R.; Britz, R.; Ng, P.K.L. (2000). "Habitat preference, reproduction, and diet of the earthworm eel,
595:
Johnson, G.D.; Patterson, C. (1993). "Percomorph phylogeny: A survey of
Acanthomorphs and a new proposal".
366:), Asia, Hawaii, and the Indo-Australian Archipelago. The Mastacembelidae are found in Africa and through
1741:
1728:
480:
268:
There are a total of about 99 species divided over 15 genera in three families. There are two suborders:
1706:
1876:
1746:
1912:
1889:
783:
582:
Humphreys, W.F.; Feinberg, M.N. (1995). "Food of the blind cave fishes of northwestern
Australia".
1022:
371:
350:. The three families each have a somewhat different distribution: The Synbranchidae are found in
1863:
1668:
531:
Chan, S.T.H.; Tang, F.; Lofts, B. (1973). "The role of sex steroids on natural sex reversal in
436:
139:
1858:
690:
Sadovy, Y.; Shapiro, D.Y. (1987). "Criteria for the diagnosis of hermaphroditism in fishes".
430:
1850:
1811:
1767:
1715:
1014:
870:
805:
424:
8:
1720:
1307:
864:
262:
1733:
1524:
1449:
1403:
1254:
1001:
957:
922:
707:
678:
629:
526:] (in German). Vol. 2. Melle, West Germany: Verlag fĂĽr Naturund Heimtierkunde.
47:
1845:
1754:
1619:
1226:
1218:
962:
944:
901:
874:
818:
412:
254:
234:
1005:
682:
633:
1629:
1604:
1454:
1259:
1203:
1159:
1130:
993:
952:
934:
741:
736:
720:
699:
670:
621:
250:
39:
982:"It's a Wonderful Hypogean Life: A Guide to the Troglomorphic Fishes of the World"
1759:
1639:
1579:
1539:
1479:
1436:
1315:
612:(Teleostei: Chaudhuriidae), a rare freshwater fish from Sundaic southeast Asia".
355:
285:
205:
194:
190:
165:
1519:
1494:
1464:
1411:
1383:
1373:
1364:
1297:
1289:
1231:
1046:
763:
499:
314:
242:
230:
94:
997:
939:
721:"Karyotypic analysis in three populations of the South-American eel-like fish
625:
297:, the sole genus within the family Indostomidae, within the Synbranchiformes.
1906:
1691:
1544:
1534:
1504:
1484:
1459:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1077:
948:
548:. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome, IT: FAO.
359:
281:
277:
246:
238:
186:
161:
157:
1609:
1564:
1549:
1529:
1514:
1444:
1388:
1378:
1353:
1348:
1249:
1083:
966:
539:. International Congress of Endocrinology. New York, NY: American Elsevier.
456:
453:
169:
131:
1793:
1700:
1634:
1594:
1559:
1474:
1469:
1421:
1330:
1193:
1185:
1141:
1122:
1112:
895:
407:
343:
258:
107:
1614:
1426:
1325:
1320:
1241:
1198:
1164:
1071:
893:
711:
674:
318:
310:
293:
261:
which has been called the “Carangimorpharia” but in the 5th
Edition of
241:. Later authors have proposed that the Synbranchiformes along with the
202:
569:
Humphreys, W.F. (1999). "The distribution of
Australian cave fishes".
280:; four genera; and 17 species. The Mastacembeloidei has two families:
1798:
1416:
1393:
1093:
347:
218:
182:
64:
30:
1662:
703:
1785:
1685:
1509:
1499:
1340:
1151:
1065:
489:
466:
At least some of the species of the family
Synbranchidae, that is,
391:
387:
331:
122:
84:
495:
313:). Although they are eel-like, they are not related to true eels (
1279:
1175:
485:
363:
478:
In some parts of Asia, swamp eels and one species of spiny eel,
1101:
1059:
395:
351:
335:
74:
517:
201:-like but have spiny rays, indicating that they belong to the
1871:
1772:
640:
581:
530:
460:
383:
379:
375:
367:
1044:
607:
920:
339:
306:
594:
537:
1208:
440:, commonly occurs in coastal areas of southeastern Asia.
305:
These eel-like fishes range in size from 8–48
198:
718:
979:
804:
689:
276:, or Opisthomi. The Synbranchoidei has one family, the
894:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
648:, a protogynous fish (Teleost, Synbranchiformes)".
543:
808:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
185:, though that name can also refer specifically to
781:
1904:
788:Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
552:
568:
382:. The Chaudhuriidae are found in northeastern
1030:
660:
980:Romero, Aldemaro; Paulson, Kelly M. (2001).
923:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
502:caught in River Tlawng, Mizoram, India 2012
1037:
1023:
288:, with three genera and about 26 species.
265:this clade remained unnamed and unranked.
29:
956:
938:
740:
518:Baensch, Hans A.; Riehl, RĂĽdiger (1985).
330:These fishes are distributed in tropical
284:, with four genera and five species, and
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
584:Records of the Western Australian Museum
571:Records of the Western Australian Museum
494:
973:
473:
1905:
887:
862:
775:
1667:
1666:
1018:
837:
1877:497DDA6B-FF9C-F119-43AB-B12E4EC4C3DA
900:(5th ed.). Wiley. p. 380.
750:
798:
719:Sanchez, S.; Fenocchio, A. (1996).
13:
406:All except three species occur in
14:
1934:
51:
986:Environmental Biology of Fishes
663:Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
614:Environmental Biology of Fishes
325:
914:
824:California Academy of Sciences
760:". 4 Dec. 2002 (31 Jan. 2003).
742:10.1080/00087114.1996.10797351
562:
555:The Biology of Hypogean Fishes
553:Romero, Aldemaro, ed. (2001).
546:Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong
300:
1:
769:
535:". In Scow, Robert O. (ed.).
390:to Korea (including parts of
544:Rainboth, Walter J. (1996).
7:
481:Mastacembelus erythrotaenia
338:, southeastern and eastern
291:Modern studies have placed
257:form a sister clade to the
211:
10:
1939:
863:Nelson, Joseph S. (2006).
782:Robert A. Travers (1985).
597:Bulletin of Marine Science
506:
443:
434:from Mexico. One species,
401:
1675:
1435:
1402:
1362:
1339:
1306:
1288:
1240:
1217:
1184:
1173:
1150:
1139:
1121:
1110:
1092:
1054:
940:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
155:
150:
137:
130:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
927:BMC Evolutionary Biology
511:
998:10.1023/A:1011844404235
756:"Ophisternon infernale
650:Journal of Fish Biology
626:10.1023/A:1007631312359
372:Maritime Southeast Asia
1923:Taxa named by Lev Berg
1918:Ray-finned fish orders
723:Synbranchus marmoratus
643:Synbranchus marmoratus
503:
140:Synbranchus marmoratus
1859:Paleobiology Database
871:John Wiley & Sons
806:Eschmeyer, William N.
498:
413:Rakthamichthys eapeni
557:. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
474:Importance to humans
428:from Australia, and
425:Ophisternon candidum
1308:Protacanthopterygii
1298:Lepidogalaxiiformes
897:Fishes of the World
866:Fishes of the World
309:(20–150
263:Fishes of the World
1525:Cyprinodontiformes
1450:Trachichthyiformes
1404:Paracanthopterygii
1255:Alepocephaliformes
1049:orders by subclass
675:10.1007/BF02905838
504:
225:, also containing
1900:
1899:
1846:Open Tree of Life
1669:Taxon identifiers
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1620:Tetraodontiformes
1575:Chaetodontiformes
1510:Pleuronectiformes
1465:Batrachoidiformes
1227:Osteoglossiformes
1219:Osteoglossomorpha
907:978-1-118-34233-6
819:Catalog of Fishes
751:Other Information
255:Pleuronectiformes
235:Gasterosteiformes
195:ray-finned fishes
176:
175:
126:
24:Synbranchiformes
1930:
1913:Synbranchiformes
1893:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1802:
1801:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1734:Synbranchiformes
1724:
1723:
1721:Synbranchiformes
1711:
1710:
1709:
1707:Synbranchiformes
1696:
1695:
1694:
1677:Synbranchiformes
1664:
1663:
1630:Centrarchiformes
1605:Priacanthiformes
1600:Scatophagiformes
1555:Uranoscopiformes
1500:Istiophoriformes
1490:Synbranchiformes
1455:Holocentriformes
1422:Stylephoriformes
1374:Ateleopodiformes
1260:Gonorynchiformes
1204:Notacanthiformes
1182:
1181:
1178:
1160:Lepisosteiformes
1148:
1147:
1144:
1131:Acipenseriformes
1119:
1118:
1115:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
977:
971:
970:
960:
942:
918:
912:
911:
891:
885:
884:
860:
835:
834:
832:
830:
802:
796:
795:
779:
759:
746:
744:
715:
686:
657:
647:
637:
604:
591:
578:
558:
549:
540:
533:Monopterus albus
527:
484:, are valued as
274:Mastacembeloidei
251:Istiophoriformes
179:Synbranchiformes
121:
118:Synbranchiformes
56:
55:
40:Monopterus albus
33:
21:
20:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1671:
1661:
1644:
1640:Scorpaeniformes
1580:Acanthuriformes
1540:Gobiesociformes
1480:Syngnathiformes
1437:Acanthopterygii
1431:
1398:
1394:Polymixiiformes
1358:
1335:
1316:Argentiniformes
1302:
1284:
1236:
1213:
1174:
1169:
1140:
1135:
1111:
1106:
1102:Polypteriformes
1088:
1050:
1043:
1013:
978:
974:
919:
915:
908:
892:
888:
881:
861:
838:
828:
826:
803:
799:
780:
776:
772:
757:
753:
704:10.2307/1446046
645:
610:Chendol keelini
565:
514:
509:
476:
446:
404:
362:, West Africa (
328:
303:
286:Mastacembelidae
214:
206:Acanthopterygii
181:, often called
168:
166:Mastacembelidae
164:
160:
146:
143:
120:
50:
17:
16:Order of fishes
12:
11:
5:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1829:
1816:
1803:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1712:
1697:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1625:Pempheriformes
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Atheriniformes
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1495:Anabantiformes
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1412:Percopsiformes
1408:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Myctophiformes
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1365:incertae sedis
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1232:Hiodontiformes
1229:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1209:Anguilliformes
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:Actinopterygii
1042:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1012:
1011:
992:(1/3): 13–41.
972:
913:
906:
886:
879:
836:
797:
773:
771:
768:
767:
766:
764:Tire track eel
761:
752:
749:
748:
747:
716:
698:(1): 136–156.
687:
658:
638:
620:(4): 413–422.
605:
592:
579:
564:
561:
560:
559:
550:
541:
528:
524:Aquarium Atlas
520:Aquarien Atlas
513:
510:
508:
505:
500:Tyre track eel
475:
472:
463:, and fishes.
445:
442:
403:
400:
327:
324:
315:Anguilliformes
302:
299:
270:Synbranchoidei
243:Anabantiformes
231:Atherinomorpha
213:
210:
174:
173:
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
135:
134:
128:
127:
115:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
95:Actinopterygii
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1935:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Lutjaniformes
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Ephippiformes
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Blenniiformes
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Carangiformes
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:Scombriformes
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:Ophidiiformes
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:Salmoniformes
1324:
1322:
1321:Galaxiiformes
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1290:Lepidogalaxii
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:Gymnotiformes
1273:
1271:
1270:Characiformes
1268:
1266:
1265:Cypriniformes
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1078:Gnathostomata
1075:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
976:
968:
964:
959:
954:
950:
946:
941:
936:
932:
928:
924:
917:
909:
903:
899:
898:
890:
882:
880:0-471-25031-7
876:
872:
868:
867:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
825:
821:
820:
815:
813:
807:
801:
793:
789:
785:
778:
774:
765:
762:
758:(Hubbs, 1938)
755:
754:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
724:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:(2): 95–109.
668:
664:
659:
655:
651:
646:(Bloch, 1795)
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
603:(1): 554–626.
602:
598:
593:
589:
585:
580:
576:
572:
567:
566:
556:
551:
547:
542:
538:
534:
529:
525:
521:
516:
515:
501:
497:
493:
491:
487:
483:
482:
471:
469:
464:
462:
459:, especially
458:
457:invertebrates
455:
452:They feed on
450:
441:
439:
438:
437:O. bengalense
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:South America
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
295:
289:
287:
283:
282:Chaudhuriidae
279:
278:Synbranchidae
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Carangiformes
244:
240:
239:Elassomatidae
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:group called
220:
209:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:Synbranchidae
184:
180:
172:
171:
167:
163:
162:Chaudhuriidae
159:
158:Synbranchidae
154:
149:
142:
141:
136:
133:
129:
124:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1676:
1615:Lophiiformes
1610:Caproiformes
1590:Lobotiformes
1565:Moroniformes
1550:Gerreiformes
1535:Mugiliformes
1530:Beloniformes
1515:Cichliformes
1489:
1445:Beryciformes
1389:Lampriformes
1379:Aulopiformes
1363:
1354:Stomiiformes
1349:Osmeriformes
1280:Siluriformes
1250:Clupeiformes
1199:Albuliformes
1084:Osteichthyes
1076:Infraphylum
989:
985:
975:
930:
926:
916:
896:
889:
865:
827:. Retrieved
817:
811:
800:
791:
787:
777:
735:(1): 65–71.
732:
728:
722:
695:
691:
666:
662:
653:
649:
642:
617:
613:
609:
600:
596:
587:
583:
574:
570:
554:
545:
536:
532:
523:
519:
479:
477:
468:O. infernale
467:
465:
451:
447:
435:
431:O. infernale
429:
423:
422:from India,
417:
411:
405:
329:
326:Distribution
304:
292:
290:
273:
269:
267:
227:Mugilimorpha
223:Smegmamorpha
219:monophyletic
215:
178:
177:
170:Indostomidae
156:
138:
132:Type species
117:
101:
38:
18:
1794:iNaturalist
1701:Wikispecies
1635:Perciformes
1595:Spariformes
1560:Labriformes
1475:Gobiiformes
1470:Kurtiformes
1331:Esociformes
1194:Elopiformes
1186:Elopomorpha
1142:Neopterygii
1123:Chondrostei
1113:Actinopteri
1082:Superclass
829:11 November
812:Synbranchus
563:Periodicals
408:fresh water
344:East Indies
334:, tropical
319:premaxillae
301:Description
259:Ovalentaria
145:Bloch, 1795
108:Percomorpha
1907:Categories
1427:Gadiformes
1242:Otocephala
1165:Amiiformes
1072:Vertebrata
1070:Subphylum
933:(1): 162.
770:References
729:Caryologia
656:: 788–800.
577:: 469–472.
294:Indostomus
203:superorder
183:swamp eels
1417:Zeiformes
1176:Teleostei
1094:Cladistia
949:1471-2148
794:: 83–151.
419:R. roseni
348:Australia
197:that are
151:Families
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1686:Wikidata
1341:Stomiati
1152:Holostei
1066:Chordata
1060:Animalia
1058:Kingdom
1006:34127843
967:28683774
683:89096162
634:21964814
590:: 29–33.
392:Malaysia
388:Thailand
386:through
212:Taxonomy
189:, is an
85:Chordata
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
1692:Q119671
1064:Phylum
1045:Extant
958:5501477
873:, Inc.
712:1446046
507:Sources
490:aquaria
454:benthic
444:Ecology
402:Habitat
364:Liberia
356:Central
332:America
317:). The
114:Order:
91:Class:
1890:154218
1851:765116
1825:166686
1004:
965:
955:
947:
904:
877:
710:
692:Copeia
681:
632:
461:larvae
396:Borneo
378:, and
352:Mexico
346:, and
336:Africa
307:inches
237:, and
125:, 1940
1885:WoRMS
1872:Plazi
1864:92079
1838:43697
1812:12797
1807:IRMNG
1799:53512
1002:S2CID
708:JSTOR
679:S2CID
630:S2CID
522:[
512:Books
384:India
380:Korea
376:China
368:Syria
191:order
102:Clade
1833:NCBI
1820:ITIS
1781:GBIF
1773:5069
1742:BOLD
963:PMID
945:ISSN
902:ISBN
875:ISBN
831:2019
696:1987
486:food
416:and
394:and
358:and
340:Asia
272:and
253:and
123:Berg
1786:889
1768:EoL
1760:46Q
1755:CoL
1747:277
1729:AFD
1716:ADW
994:doi
953:PMC
935:doi
737:doi
700:doi
671:doi
622:doi
398:).
370:to
199:eel
193:of
1909::
1887::
1874::
1861::
1848::
1835::
1822::
1809::
1796::
1783::
1770::
1757::
1744::
1731::
1718::
1703::
1688::
1000:.
990:62
988:.
984:.
961:.
951:.
943:.
931:17
929:.
925:.
869:.
839:^
822:.
816:.
792:47
790:.
786:.
733:49
731:.
727:.
706:.
694:.
677:.
667:33
665:.
654:49
652:.
628:.
618:57
616:.
601:52
599:.
588:17
586:.
575:19
573:.
374:,
354:,
342:,
311:cm
249:,
245:,
233:,
229:,
208:.
104::
1038:e
1031:t
1024:v
1008:.
996::
969:.
937::
910:.
883:.
833:.
814:"
810:"
745:.
739::
725:"
714:.
702::
685:.
673::
636:.
624::
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