320:
noting that "the ethnic associations were mainly symbolic, and that the traditional community interactions were lost". Those
Catholic and Jewish Americans identified "their ethnic race in a personal perspective, as opposed to a communal" perspective, which actions produced an "outward ethnic identity that uses superficial symbols and icons to label and categorizes a certain race". That is to say, people identify their ethnicity by way of images from the mass communications media, as accepted through past associations derived from social and historical judgments.
207:
131:
70:
1799:
29:
332:
decreases. Ethnicity then becomes a symbolic identity more than a lifestyle. The definition of ethnicity, as formed by cinema, follows this symbolic pattern. In fact, in most cinemas that deals with ethnic integration, ethnic lifestyle is inseparable from its symbolic codes. Ethnic lifestyle is not an associative or collective means of existence, but a symbolic code—an icon.
291:
and who are often subsumed into the general "white" population, including on historical Census Bureau returns, which did not have a separate category for "Hispanic". That term did not refer to a race in the traditional conception of the term, as it was understood during the 19th century. Many
Latinos
307:
In the U.S., symbolic ethnicity is an important component of
American cultural identity, assumed as "a voluntary, personally chosen identity marker, rather than the totally ascribed characteristic" determined by physical appearance. As a sociological phenomenon, symbolic ethnicity is attributed to
331:
From unrelenting integration of outside influences, self-definition becomes less associated with the community as a collective and becomes more associated with personal ethnicity as self. As the definition of ethnicity becomes increasingly personal, the need to reassert the community associations
319:
whereby the person's "ethnic identity is solely associated with iconic elements of the culture" from which he or she originated. Gans's investigations concentrated on the later generations of Roman
Catholic and Jewish Americans who had "begun to re-associate themselves with their ethnic culture",
428:
Symbolic ethnicity is concerned with the symbols of ethnic cultures rather than with the cultures themselves, and this seems true also of the cultural commitments of ethnic identity: the cultural stuff of ethnicity continues to wither, and thus ethnic identity tend to latch onto a few symbolic
356:
used to describe symbolic ethnicity in the Irish diaspora, Hickman (2002) states that the use of this term was "a part of the process by which the second-generation Irish are positioned as inauthentic within the two identities, of
Englishness and Irishness... The message from each is that
292:
were recorded on official US government records as simply "white". This is doubly true for fair-skinned
Latinos who only speak English, and remains true to this day, as the primary marker of ethnicity for Latino group membership is not physical appearance but rather language spoken.
348:. . . ethnicity that is individualistic in nature and without real social cost for the individual. These symbolic identifications are essentially leisure-time activities, rooted in nuclear family traditions and reinforced by the voluntary enjoyable aspects of being ethnic.
372:
in North
America, do not necessarily conform to the stereotype of individuals feeling entitled to a cultural ethnicity due to ancestry. Most Gaelic learners in one study, even those with Scottish ancestry, stated that Gaelic ethnic identity was not related to ancestry.
691:
Marc Scully. (2009). 'Plastic and Proud'?: The discourse of
Authenticity among the second-generation Irish in England. Open University p126-127. Marc Scully. (2009). 'Plastic and Proud'?: The discourse of Authenticity among the second-generation Irish in England. Open
299:, which often require only 25% blood quotient to be a member of the tribe (ie, 3 white ancestors and 1 Native American ancestor). Many of these people can easily pass themselves as white, if they so choose, thus rendering their ethnicity "optional", as well.
701:
Hickman, M.J. et al., (2005). The
Limitations of Whiteness and the Boundaries of Englishness. Ethnicities, 5 160–182. Cited in Marc Scully. (2009). 'Plastic and Proud'?: The discourse of Authenticity among the second-generation Irish in England. Open
344:, on family holidays, or for vacations. They do not usually belong to Irish-American organizations, live in Irish neighborhoods, work in Irish jobs, or marry other Irish people." Therefore, the symbolic identity of "being Irish" is:
275:
do not have the option of a symbolic ethnicity, at present, in the United States"; a socio-economic circumstance "in which ethnicity does not matter for white
Americans, it does matter for non-whites".
233:
that can be felt and lived without having to be incorporated to the person's everyday behavior; as such, a symbolic ethnic identity usually is composed of images from mass communications media.
340:(2006), by B. Singh Bolaria and Sean P. Hier, symbolic ethnicity is defined by, with, and in the actions of "individuals who identify as Irish, for example, on occasions such as
259:
The development of symbolic ethnicity, as a sociological phenomenon, is attributed to mainly to ethnic European immigrants of second and subsequent generations, because "
357:
second-generation Irish are 'really English' and many of the second-generation resist this." This perspective suggests that symbolic ethnicity is a result of
279:
This view, however, ignores the complicated history of actual race relations in the United States, including persons of black ancestry who appeared
141:
1287:
608:
Gans, Herbert J. (1994). "Symbolic ethnicity and symbolic religiosity: Towards a comparison of ethnic and religious acculturation".
361:
and some assimilated individuals may prefer to explore a culture that they may not have been raised with to a significant extent.
1219:
295:
Lastly, there are a number of "thin-blooded" Native American tribes where many members appear phenotypically white, such as the
534:
Winter, J. Alan (March 1996). "Symbolic ethnicity or religion among Jews in the United States: a test of Gansian hypothesis".
506:
241:
The term was introduced in the article "Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America" (1979), by
1745:
1224:
811:
42:
1204:
1199:
1180:
1175:
1162:
1819:
780:
644:
518:
478:
450:
421:
193:
175:
112:
56:
1273:
1229:
1209:
1268:
1188:
79:
664:
1398:
1234:
746:
Gans, Herbert J. (1 January 1979). "Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic groups and cultures in America*".
287:
as white. It also ignores the reality of many Americans of Cuban, Argentine, and other Latino descent who have
1311:
1258:
1248:
1214:
573:
309:
1363:
1263:
1058:
938:
1789:
1281:
1253:
713:
1329:
1043:
581:
296:
284:
247:
1418:
210:
In the culture of the U.S., the celebration of Saint Patrick's Day, by many Americans, not just of
157:
1300:
1292:
1137:
804:
153:
48:
1538:
1438:
881:
341:
83:
1563:
1348:
1242:
849:
358:
308:
Americans of European ancestry, most of whom either are influenced by or assimilated to the
149:
1776:
1700:
1608:
1433:
1316:
1068:
1038:
1033:
871:
866:
859:
387:
94:
8:
1740:
1643:
1638:
1525:
1443:
1063:
854:
1824:
1623:
1583:
1578:
1483:
1423:
1368:
1053:
901:
876:
844:
797:
769:
551:
206:
1705:
1618:
1603:
1588:
1548:
1543:
1533:
1468:
1353:
1343:
1073:
776:
640:
514:
474:
446:
417:
369:
364:
Many displays of what could be argued to be symbolic ethnicity, such as the study of
264:
1675:
1670:
1553:
1112:
1095:
1085:
981:
755:
617:
590:
543:
272:
227:
759:
621:
594:
1710:
1656:
1628:
1568:
1503:
1458:
1393:
1127:
1122:
1100:
1028:
569:
365:
316:
242:
211:
1803:
1735:
1725:
1695:
1633:
1613:
1558:
1147:
1117:
976:
943:
896:
891:
886:
268:
260:
17:
90:
1813:
1715:
1680:
1473:
1413:
1388:
1383:
1152:
1107:
1001:
928:
908:
382:
353:
1750:
1690:
1573:
1515:
1508:
1463:
1403:
1334:
1142:
1132:
1080:
1018:
1006:
996:
986:
971:
923:
839:
457:
While symbolic expressions of Irish ethnicity, such as St. Patrick's Day...
1685:
1493:
1478:
1453:
1378:
1048:
1023:
1013:
991:
918:
574:"Symbolic ethnicity: the future of ethnic groups and cultures in America"
511:
Identity and Belonging: Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Canadian Society
338:
Identity and Belonging: Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Canadian Society
714:""This Could Have Been Mine": Scottish Gaelic Learners in North America"
1760:
1755:
1730:
1665:
1598:
1488:
933:
555:
288:
1720:
1593:
1498:
1090:
963:
820:
280:
230:
219:
547:
1408:
1373:
392:
1798:
1428:
1358:
283:
close enough to perceived norms of "whiteness" to allow them to
913:
416:(New ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 306.
1448:
953:
789:
687:
685:
834:
445:. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 117.
682:
140:
deal primarily with North America and do not represent a
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
429:
commitments (such as St. Patrick's Day among the Irish).
226:
is a nostalgic allegiance to, love for, and pride in a
1787:
487:
771:
Ethnic options : choosing identities in America
414:
Ethnic Identity: The Transformation of White America
637:
Everyday Religion: Observing Modern Religious Lives
768:
327:(1993), Stephen Lee describes symbolic ethnicity:
665:"(E)race: Symbolic Ethnicity and the Asian Image"
1811:
504:
639:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 56.
325:(E)race: Symbolic Ethnicity and the Asian Image
315:As such, symbolic ethnicity is the process of
805:
138:The examples and perspective in this article
775:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
509:. In B. Singh Bolaria; Sean P. Hier (eds.).
443:It Looks At You: The Returned Gaze of Cinema
57:Learn how and when to remove these messages
812:
798:
601:
93:. Please do not remove this message until
194:Learn how and when to remove this message
176:Learn how and when to remove this message
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
634:
205:
89:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1812:
766:
533:
214:, is an example of symbolic ethnicity.
793:
658:
656:
513:. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press.
507:"Optional Ethnicity for Whites Only?"
468:
745:
607:
568:
411:
124:
63:
22:
662:
440:
13:
739:
711:
653:
471:Process, Praxis, and Transcendence
14:
1836:
38:This article has multiple issues.
1797:
670:. University of British Columbia
352:In terms of the derogatory term
129:
68:
27:
705:
695:
46:or discuss these issues on the
663:Lee, Stephen (December 1993).
628:
562:
527:
473:. SUNY Press. pp. 12–13.
462:
434:
405:
254:
1:
819:
760:10.1080/01419870.1979.9993248
622:10.1080/01419870.1994.9993841
595:10.1080/01419870.1979.9993248
398:
536:Review of Religious Research
310:White Anglo-Saxon Protestant
236:
7:
635:Ammerman, Nancy T. (2007).
376:
302:
152:, discuss the issue on the
95:conditions to do so are met
10:
1841:
1181:Countries by ethnic groups
1176:Contemporary ethnic groups
15:
1769:
1652:
1524:
1327:
1161:
962:
827:
748:Ethnic and Racial Studies
610:Ethnic and Racial Studies
582:Ethnic and Racial Studies
505:Marcy. C. Waters (2006).
469:Jiobu, Robert M. (1988).
412:Alba, Richard D. (1992).
297:Seminole Tribe of Florida
248:Ethnic and Racial Studies
1820:Sociological terminology
767:Waters, Mary C. (1990).
16:Not to be confused with
1293:Torres Strait Islanders
1138:Ethnopsychopharmacology
882:In-group and out-groups
1539:Cultural appropriation
1439:Lineage-bonded society
350:
334:
215:
1564:Ethnic interest group
1399:Ethnicity in censuses
1349:Cultural assimilation
850:Ethnolinguistic group
346:
329:
209:
1777:Minzu (anthropology)
1746:Separatist movements
1609:Ethnographic village
1434:Legendary progenitor
1069:Transidioethnography
872:Hyphenated ethnicity
867:Ethnographic realism
860:Ethnoreligious group
388:Symbolic religiosity
158:create a new article
150:improve this article
1644:Multinational state
1639:Model minority myth
1526:Multiethnic society
1444:Linguistic homeland
855:Ethnonational group
441:Uba, Laura (2002).
342:Saint Patrick's Day
82:of this article is
1624:Middleman minority
1584:Ethnic pornography
1579:Ethnic nationalism
1484:Pantribal sodality
1424:Imagined community
949:Symbolic ethnicity
877:Indigenous peoples
845:Ethnographic group
312:(WASP) community.
224:symbolic ethnicity
216:
1785:
1784:
1706:Ethnic stereotype
1619:Indigenous rights
1604:Ethnographic film
1589:Ethnic theme park
1549:Dominant minority
1544:Diaspora politics
1534:Consociationalism
1469:National language
1354:Cultural identity
1344:Cross-race effect
1288:Aboriginal groups
712:Newton, Michael.
370:Scottish diaspora
245:, in the journal
204:
203:
196:
186:
185:
178:
160:, as appropriate.
123:
122:
115:
61:
1832:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1676:Ethnic cleansing
1671:Ethnic bioweapon
1554:Ethnic democracy
1163:Groups by region
1113:Ethnomethodology
1096:Ethnomathematics
1086:Ethnolinguistics
982:Ethnoarchaeology
814:
807:
800:
791:
790:
786:
774:
763:
733:
732:
730:
728:
718:
709:
703:
699:
693:
689:
680:
679:
677:
675:
669:
660:
651:
650:
632:
626:
625:
605:
599:
598:
578:
572:(January 1979).
570:Gans, Herbert J.
566:
560:
559:
531:
525:
524:
502:
485:
484:
466:
460:
459:
438:
432:
431:
409:
289:fair complexions
273:Indian Americans
199:
192:
181:
174:
170:
167:
161:
133:
132:
125:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
72:
71:
64:
53:
31:
30:
23:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1765:
1711:Ethnic violence
1659:
1657:ethnic conflict
1655:
1648:
1629:Minority rights
1569:Ethnic majority
1520:
1504:Detribalization
1459:Nation-building
1394:Ethnic religion
1337:
1333:
1323:
1230:Central America
1157:
1128:Ethnophilosophy
1123:Ethnomusicology
1101:Ethnostatistics
1059:Person-centered
1029:Autoethnography
958:
823:
818:
783:
742:
740:Further reading
737:
736:
726:
724:
716:
710:
706:
700:
696:
690:
683:
673:
671:
667:
661:
654:
647:
633:
629:
606:
602:
576:
567:
563:
548:10.2307/3512276
532:
528:
521:
503:
488:
481:
467:
463:
453:
439:
435:
424:
410:
406:
401:
379:
366:Scottish Gaelic
317:social identity
305:
257:
243:Herbert J. Gans
239:
200:
189:
188:
187:
182:
171:
165:
162:
147:
134:
130:
119:
108:
102:
99:
88:
73:
69:
32:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1807:
1806:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Indigenization
1733:
1728:
1726:Ethnosymbolism
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:Ethnic penalty
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:Model minority
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1614:Ethnopluralism
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1559:Ethnic enclave
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1304:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1269:Southeast Asia
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1148:Ethnosemiotics
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1118:Ethnomuseology
1115:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
984:
979:
977:Ethnic studies
974:
968:
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
951:
946:
944:Supraethnicity
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
905:
904:
897:Minority group
894:
892:Metroethnicity
889:
887:Meta-ethnicity
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
837:
831:
829:
825:
824:
817:
816:
809:
802:
794:
788:
787:
781:
764:
741:
738:
735:
734:
704:
694:
681:
652:
645:
627:
616:(4): 577–592.
600:
561:
542:(3): 233–247.
526:
519:
486:
479:
461:
451:
433:
422:
403:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
390:
385:
378:
375:
304:
301:
281:phenotypically
256:
253:
238:
235:
202:
201:
184:
183:
144:of the subject
142:worldwide view
137:
135:
128:
121:
120:
76:
74:
67:
62:
36:
35:
33:
26:
18:Ethnosymbolism
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1837:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:Ethnocentrism
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:Ethnic hatred
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:National myth
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:Folk religion
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:Ethnic origin
1387:
1385:
1384:Ethnic option
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Northern Asia
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:South America
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:United States
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1153:Ethnotaxonomy
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Ethnomedicine
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:Institutional
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Ethnomycology
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
965:
961:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
929:Polyethnicity
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:Monoethnicity
907:
903:
900:
899:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
826:
822:
815:
810:
808:
803:
801:
796:
795:
792:
784:
782:9780520070837
778:
773:
772:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
743:
722:
715:
708:
698:
688:
686:
666:
659:
657:
648:
646:9780195305401
642:
638:
631:
623:
619:
615:
611:
604:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
575:
571:
565:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
530:
522:
520:9781551303123
516:
512:
508:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
482:
480:9781438407906
476:
472:
465:
458:
454:
452:9780791489079
448:
444:
437:
430:
425:
423:9780300052213
419:
415:
408:
404:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
383:Plastic Paddy
381:
380:
374:
371:
367:
362:
360:
355:
354:Plastic Paddy
349:
345:
343:
339:
333:
328:
326:
321:
318:
313:
311:
300:
298:
293:
290:
286:
282:
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
252:
250:
249:
244:
234:
232:
229:
225:
221:
213:
212:Irish descent
208:
198:
195:
180:
177:
169:
159:
155:
151:
145:
143:
136:
127:
126:
117:
114:
106:
96:
92:
86:
85:
81:
75:
66:
65:
60:
58:
51:
50:
45:
44:
39:
34:
25:
24:
19:
1751:Xenocentrism
1701:Ethnic slurs
1691:Ethnic party
1654:Ideology and
1574:Ethnic media
1516:White ethnic
1509:Neotribalism
1464:Nation state
1404:Ethnofiction
1335:ethnogenesis
1306:
1299:
1280:
1249:Central Asia
1241:
1194:
1187:
1170:
1143:Ethnoscience
1133:Ethnopoetics
1081:Ethnohistory
1019:Ethnogeology
1007:Ethnozoology
997:Ethnoecology
987:Ethnobiology
972:Anthropology
948:
924:Panethnicity
840:Ethnic group
770:
751:
747:
725:. Retrieved
720:
707:
697:
672:. Retrieved
636:
630:
613:
609:
603:
586:
580:
564:
539:
535:
529:
510:
470:
464:
456:
442:
436:
427:
413:
407:
363:
359:assimilation
351:
347:
337:
336:In the book
335:
330:
324:
322:
314:
306:
294:
278:
258:
246:
240:
223:
217:
190:
172:
163:
139:
109:
100:
78:
54:
47:
41:
40:Please help
37:
1686:Ethnic joke
1494:Tribal name
1479:Origin myth
1454:Mythomoteur
1379:Ethnic flag
1364:Development
1049:Netnography
1024:Ethnography
1014:Ethnocinema
992:Ethnobotany
919:Nationality
754:(1): 1–20.
702:University.
692:University.
589:(1): 1–20.
255:Development
1814:Categories
1761:Xenophobia
1756:Xenophilia
1731:Indigenism
1666:Allophilia
1599:Ethnocracy
1489:Statistext
1419:Historical
1312:Indigenous
1264:South Asia
1200:Indigenous
934:Population
674:1 December
399:References
166:April 2017
103:April 2017
80:neutrality
43:improve it
1825:Ethnicity
1721:Ethnocide
1594:Ethnoburb
1499:Tribalism
1282:Australia
1274:West Asia
1254:East Asia
1225:Caribbean
1210:Greenland
1091:Ethnology
964:Ethnology
902:Influence
821:Ethnicity
237:Etymology
231:tradition
220:sociology
154:talk page
91:talk page
49:talk page
1741:Nativism
1409:Ethnonym
1374:Ethnarch
1330:Identity
1317:European
1195:Americas
1039:Critical
1034:Clinical
828:Concepts
727:20 April
393:Tartanry
377:See also
303:Overview
265:Hispanic
228:cultural
148:You may
84:disputed
1804:Society
1770:Related
1429:Kinship
1369:Endonym
1359:Demonym
1307:Oceania
1064:Salvage
721:EKeltoi
556:3512276
368:by the
1790:Portal
1301:Europe
1215:Mexico
1205:Canada
1189:Africa
1054:Online
914:Nation
779:
643:
554:
517:
477:
449:
420:
1449:Mores
1171:World
1074:Video
954:Tribe
717:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
577:(PDF)
552:JSTOR
269:Asian
261:Black
156:, or
1243:Asia
939:Race
835:Clan
777:ISBN
729:2017
723:: 17
676:2012
641:ISBN
515:ISBN
475:ISBN
447:ISBN
418:ISBN
285:pass
271:and
77:The
1332:and
756:doi
618:doi
591:doi
544:doi
323:In
218:In
1816::
750:.
719:.
684:^
655:^
614:17
612:.
585:.
579:.
550:.
540:37
538:.
489:^
455:.
426:.
267:,
263:,
251:.
222:,
52:.
1792::
813:e
806:t
799:v
785:.
762:.
758::
752:2
731:.
678:.
649:.
624:.
620::
597:.
593::
587:2
558:.
546::
523:.
483:.
197:)
191:(
179:)
173:(
168:)
164:(
146:.
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
97:.
87:.
59:)
55:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
