437:, where he had established his headquarters, he personally directed the siege of Cayes, of which eventually he would have taken possession had not fortunes of war gone contrary to his plan in the Artibonite. His principal lieutenant, General Victorin Chevallier, had been obliged to evacuate Gonaïves, which was occupied by Saget's troops. On their arrival at Port-au-Prince Chevallier's soldiers created such disturbances that Salnave had to leave Camp-Boudet hurriedly for the capital, where he arrived on September 1, 1869. He had also at that time to fight the opposition of the Catholic clergy. On June 28 he had summarily dismissed
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300:, a member of the provisional government which was organized. His adherents were displeased at this distribution of power, and under their pressure he assumed, on May 4, the title of "Protector of the Republic". The attitude of the masses and the growing popularity of Salnave began to occasion much concern to the liberals, who found themselves once more obliged to submit to a military man. This mistrust of their new leader boded ill for the country.
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discontent reigning throughout the country by relinquishing the absolute power he had usurped. In August 1869, he appointed a
Legislative Council. This body met in November and, reestablishing the Presidency for life assumed by Salnave, reenacted the Constitution of 1846. But it was too late to be of avail and the abolition of the dictatorship was powerless in saving the Government; for Cap-Haitien and the whole
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Salnave tried to come to terms with them; but failing in his attempt, he determined to rely henceforth on his energy and valor in maintaining his authority. He had the advantage of the unity of command over his opponents; for the rebels in the South had numerous leaders: Domingue, whose headquarters
452:
Salnave's position was getting worse; one of his most faithful followers, General
Victorin Chevallier, Secretary of War, who was in command of the army surrounding Jacmel, deserted his cause in November and joined the insurrection. Salnave now began to reflect that he might yet be able to allay the
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against
Salnave; and the General was charged with being the instigator, if not the leader, of the uprising. The members of the Cabinet openly accused the House of Representatives of being in connivance with the rebels; whereupon the mob invaded the House on October 14 and drove out the Congressmen.
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The
National Assembly met at Port-au-Prince on May 6, 1867, and on June 14 adopted a Constitution which abolished the Presidency for life, the duration of the authority vested in the Chief of the Executive Power being fixed at four years. On the same day Salnave was elected President of Haiti. He
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by Spain. Geffrard, whose popularity began to decline, was powerless to punish
Salnave. Salnave promoted and encouraged frequent insurrections on the borders, and in 1864 he abetted an insurrection in the northern part of Haiti, but the movement was put down with the aid of the Spanish. In July
324:; yet he affected to believe that the opposition he met with was due to his limited authority. Accordingly, on April 22, 1868, he committed yet another blunder by permitting the officers and non-commissioned officers of his army, whose headquarters were at
335:, took up arms against this usurpation. Once more frustrated in the hopes of having a government founded on legality and liberty, the country reached one of the most critical periods of its existence, as the insurrection soon became general.
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gained the sympathy of the people by his courage and his simple tastes. But he was far from being a liberal; so much so in fact that he was soon at odds with the legislative body, which thought that the time had come to establish the
317:
This ill-considered act of violence was followed by grave consequences. In the meantime, the
President had left for Gonaïves with a view of subduing the insurgents at Vallières, who had assumed the name of "Cacos".
387:, the insurgents were compelled to raise the siege of Port-au-Prince on July 17, 1868. They now felt the necessity of organizing their government; therefore, on September 19, 1868, Nissage Saget was proclaimed at
465:. During the fight which ensued this ship began bombarding the Executive Mansion; a shot struck the powder magazine, causing it to explode just after Salnave had left the place. Salnave succeeded in reaching the
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in
January 1859, and was rewarded for his aid with the rank of major. In 1861 Salnave was bitter in his denunciation of Geffrard for what he called Geffrard's subserviency in the matter of the occupation of the
328:, to form a petition requesting the suspension of the Constitution and dictatorship for the head of the Executive Power. Thus Salnave reestablished the Presidency for life and arrogated unlimited power.
308:. On October 11, 1867, the rupture with Congress was complete, caused by an interpellation of the Cabinet by the House of Representatives concerning the arrest and imprisonment of General
280:. Although he was again defeated, the revolt continued to increase. Geffrard resigned the presidency on March 13, 1867, and left for Jamaica, where he spent the remainder of his life.
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Salnave's intrepidity gave him for a while all the chances of crushing his foes. He had purchased a steamer in the United States to replace the two men-of-war,
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all rose up against the dictatorship assumed by
Salnave, who was being besieged at Port-au-Prince. The insurgents from the South had their headquarters at
480:. He was sentenced to death and shot on the same day at six o'clock in the evening, tied to a pole set up on the smoking ruins of the Executive Mansion.
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had already joined the cause of the insurrection. A bold attack on Port-au-Prince at length put an end to this civil war. On
December 16, 1869, Generals
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After
Geffrard's departure the Council of the Secretaries of State became the supreme authority for a time. But in April 1867, Salnave arrived in
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238:. During his term there were constant civil wars between the various factions. Eventually, he was overthrown in a coup by his eventual successor
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383:, Nissage Saget's authority was fully acknowledged. In consequence of a counter-revolution which occurred at Léogâne and in the mountains of
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This success made Salnave master of Petit-Goave, which town the insurgents were compelled to evacuate. In February 1869, the whole of the
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provisional President, whilst on September 22 Domingue was acknowledged President of the Meridianal State, with headquarters at Cayes.
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and Boisrond-Canal landed at the capital at the head of 1,200 soldiers; in the night they had surprised the Government man-of-war
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Latin American lives: selected biographies from the five-volume Encyclopedia of Latin American history and culture
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473:, who was in sympathy with his opponents, betraying the trust he had placed in him, gave him up to the Haitians.
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By forcibly ejecting the members of the House of Representatives, Salnave had suspended the
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from 1867 to 1869. He was elected president after he led the overthrow of President
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On January 15, 1870, Salnave arrived at Port-au-Prince, where he appeared before a
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Haggerty, Richard A.; Division, Library of Congress Federal Research (1991).
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Pickering-Sumter
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505:(Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp.
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was once more under his authority, with the exception of
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blew up his ship so as to prevent her being captured.
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Nissage Saget, who was at that time Commandant of the
312:. About that time the peasants had taken up arms at
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242:, and Salnave was tried for treason and executed.
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433:and Cayes, which were closely surrounded. From
250:Salnave, a light-skinned mulatto, was born in
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719:. Neale Publishing Company. pp. 211–216.
533:Dominican Republic and Haiti: country studies
379:, Normil at Anse-à-Veau, etc.; whilst in the
226:; February 6, 1827 – January 15, 1870) was a
140:Member of the Provisional Government of Haiti
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439:Martial-Guillaume-Marie Testard du Cosquer
56:June 14, 1867 – December 19, 1869
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572:Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John (1898).
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716:Haiti, Her History and Her Detractors
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276:1866, Salnave led a new uprising at
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1297:Transitional Presidential Council
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605:. Macmillan. 1998. p. 916.
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501:A Brief History of the Caribbean
1376:People executed by firing squad
914:Council of Secretaries of State
713:Léger, Jacques Nicolas (1907).
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16:President of Haiti (1827–1870)
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536:. The Division. p. 221.
254:in 1827. He enlisted in the
1116:Executive Government Council
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443:Archbishop of Port-au-Prince
357:Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
333:arrondissement of Saint-Marc
258:in 1850. He was captain of
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1381:People executed for treason
984:Commission for Public Order
578:. D. Appleton. p. 378.
455:department of the Northwest
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230:general who served as the
191:January 15, 1870 (aged 42)
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93:4 May 1867 – 14 June 1867
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1391:Leaders ousted by a coup
1371:People executed by Haiti
497:Rogozinski, Jan (1999).
1386:People from Cap-Haïtien
1035:Revolutionary Committee
802:Heads of state of Haiti
82:(as President of Haiti)
69:(as President of Haiti)
929:Public Order Committee
747:Nissage Saget (acting)
223:[silvɛ̃salnav]
246:Early life and career
219:French pronunciation:
1141:Jean-Claude Duvalier
820:Dessalines/Jacques I
598:"Salnave, Sylvain".
306:parliamentary system
1356:Executed presidents
1351:Presidents of Haiti
865:Soulouque/Faustin I
467:Dominican territory
427:Southern Department
298:Victorin Chevallier
273:Dominican territory
825:Christophe/Henry I
753:President of Haïti
740:Political offices
365:Croix-des-Bouquets
284:President of Haiti
232:President of Haïti
204:Wilmina Delacourse
44:President of Haiti
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1341:1827 births
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408:Petit-Goâve
400:Le Geffrard
361:Pétionville
345:Anse-à-Veau
310:Leon Montas
252:Cap-Haïtien
181:Cap-Haïtien
117:Preceded by
62:Preceded by
1335:Categories
1247:earthquake
1211:Jonassaint
1062:Occupation
757:1867–1869
463:La Terreur
389:Saint-Marc
381:Artibonite
266:overthrew
1231:Alexandre
969:Simon Sam
964:Hyppolite
939:Hyppolite
484:Footnotes
369:Carrefour
314:Vallières
156:President
147:In office
107:In office
89:In office
52:In office
1314:De facto
1256:Martelly
1226:Aristide
1216:Aristide
1191:Aristide
1152:Duvalier
1096:Magloire
1024:Théodore
1019:Polynice
1009:Polynice
954:Légitime
919:Domingue
894:Geffrard
885:Imperial
850:Guerrier
830:Blanchet
375:were at
278:Gonaïves
1319:‡
1261:Privert
1201:Nérette
1181:Abraham
1166:Manigat
1131:Kébreau
1126:Fignolé
1121:Cantave
1111:Cantave
1106:Sylvain
1071:Vincent
999:Auguste
994:Leconte
944:Salomon
934:Lamothe
904:Salnave
855:Pierrot
431:Jérémie
341:Léogâne
260:cavalry
228:Haitian
196:, Haiti
183:, Haiti
134:Himself
67:Himself
1286:Joseph
1236:Préval
1221:Préval
1196:Cédras
1171:Namphy
1161:Namphy
1091:Lavaud
1086:Estimé
1081:Lavaud
1076:Lescot
1004:Oreste
979:Alexis
835:Pétion
609:
540:
513:
441:, the
385:Jacmel
355:, and
201:Spouse
1291:Henry
1277:Moïse
1275:Post–
1266:Moïse
1245:Post–
1206:Bazin
1176:Avril
1150:Post–
1060:Post–
1046:Borno
1014:Zamor
989:Simon
959:Jeune
909:Saget
899:Saget
883:Post–
860:Riché
840:Boyer
809:Post–
377:Cayes
353:Aquin
262:when
607:ISBN
538:ISBN
511:ISBN
398:and
363:and
296:and
188:Died
175:Born
42:9th
1051:Roy
507:220
359:at
351:at
339:at
1337::
621:^
552:^
509:.
347:,
1311:*
794:e
787:t
780:v
730:.
615:.
589:.
546:.
519:.
217:(
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