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move down to the lower part of rivers to breed. Some die after breeding and only live one year, but others return to live in the ocean and may spawn up to three times, each time moving into the lower part of rivers in the autumn. In Japan, some populations live their entire life in freshwater, only moving between lakes and the associated streams where they breed. These have a more variable migration pattern, moving upstream from the lakes in the spring, summer or autumn. Although their larvae mostly stay within freshwater, some are carried downstream with the current to the sea and become part of the amphidromous populations. The freshwater-restricted populations typically reach an age of two or three years. During the breeding season the amphidromous and freshwater-restricted forms may occur together. Ayu are also
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are carried downriver to the sea. They overwinter in coastal regions, staying there until the spring where the young fish typically are about 6 cm (2.5 in) long and move back to the rivers. Here they reach 15–30 cm (6–12 in) by the summer. They reach maturity by the autumn and
541:
that migrate into their spawning streams in the spring can reach up to about 15 cm (6 in) in length, but those that migrate later in the year, primarily in the autumn, only grow to 10 cm (4 in). This is caused by differences in the availability of food.
536:
Although there are reports of ayu up to 70 cm (2.3 ft) long, a more typical maximum size for the species is about 30 cm (1 ft). The form restricted to freshwater is considerably smaller than the amphidromous form. The freshwater-restricted ayu of
661:
494:. It feeds on algae that accumulates on the rocks, scraping it off the rocks with their saw-shaped teeth. Adults typically maintain a feeding territory, but the form restricted to lakes and associated streams is
1200:
Takeshima, Hirohiko; Iguchi, Kei-ichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi (2005): Unexpected
Ceiling of Genetic Differentiation in the Control Region of the Mitochondrial DNA between Different Subspecies of the Ayu
1023:
Shirakihara, Yoshids, Nishino, Takao and Sawada (2001). Acoustic evaluation of the vertical distribution of dwarf ayu
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in Lake Biwa. Fisheries Science 67: 430–435.
1062:
Otake and Uchida (1998). Application of
Otolith Microchemistry for Distinguishing between Amphidromous and Non-amphidromous Stocked Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. Fisheries Science 64(4): 517-521.
1071:
Shimizu, Uchida, Udagawa, Inoue, Sato and
Katsura (2007). Multiple spawning and related variations in female reproductive parameters of amphidromous type ayu. Fisheries Science 73(1): 9–18.
566:
in Japan. The decoy is a living ayu placed on a hook, which swims when immersed into water. It provokes the territorial behavior of other ayu, which assault the "intruder" and get caught.
554:. Its flesh has a distinctive, sweet flavour with "melon and cucumber aromas". It is consequently highly prized as a food fish. The main methods for obtaining ayu are by means of
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and breed in the lower part of rivers during the autumn, laying their eggs in small pits they dig in the gravel. The eggs hatch shortly after and the
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368:, moving between coastal marine waters and freshwater lakes and rivers. A few landlocked populations also exist in lakes in Japan such as
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597:) are used by the fishermen, the fishing season draws visitors from all over the world. The Japanese cormorants, known in Japanese as
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The name "sweetfish" was inspired by the sweetness of its flesh. In reference to its typical one-year lifespan, it is also written as
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601:(ウミウ, "sea-cormorant"), are domesticated birds trained for this purpose. The bird catches the ayu, stores it in its
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became extinct in 1968 due to pollution and present extant populations were reintroduced from Japan in the 1990s.
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Morphological comparison between
Chinese Ayu and Japanese Ayu and establishment of Wu & Shan subsp. nov.
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Ayu being grilled with salt in Japan; note the wave-like "swimming" shape of the skewered fish
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387:("year-fish"). Some individuals live two to three years. The ayu is the prefectural fish of
1520:
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1041:
Lucas, M., and E. Baras (2001). Migration of
Freshwater Fishes, p. 187. Blackwell Science.
8:
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it in such a way so that its body forms a wave, making it look as though it is swimming.
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are recognized by some authors. Others do not distinguish the subtaxa.
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A common method of preparing ayu and other small fish in Japan is to
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Ayu is also fished commercially, and captive juveniles are raised in
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Scrape marks left by ayu feeding on algae when the rock was submerged
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1141:(1st ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. pp.
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Gadsby, Patricia; Eschliman, Dwight (25 November 2004).
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Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
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before being released into rivers for sport fishing.
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1019:
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1240:Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
1109:
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941:World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996).
806:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T62222A3110058.en
780:
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1037:
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1011:The Japan Times. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
970:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17595A7151908.en
1080:FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department:
998:
920:
918:
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550:Ayu is an edible fish, mostly consumed in
59:
40:
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1026:
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903:Shan, X., Wu, Y., & Kang, B. (2005).
804:
568:
524:
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336:, it is distributed in the northwestern
321:Plecoglossidae. It is a relative of the
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1126:
913:
852:
850:
14:
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1166:Cormorant-Fishing on the Nagara River.
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509:Most populations of this species are
1491:IUCN Red List data deficient species
908:Journal of Ocean University of China
866:Food Forum. Kikkoman Global Website.
847:
605:, and delivers it to the fishermen.
956:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
792:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
1194:
992:"Rock Fishing in Tokushima, Japan"
924:Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Editors.
887:Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Editors.
247:Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis
25:
1532:
1228:
1187:Hiroko's Kitchen. 10 August 2010.
1007:Hooper, R. (21 September 2005).
927:Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis
826:
730:
715:
700:
684:
672:
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644:
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263:Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis
242:(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
239:Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis
234:(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
84:
1178:
1159:
1103:
1074:
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910:(English Edition), 1(4), 61-66.
435:Y. F. Wu & X. J. Shan, 2005
372:. Original wild populations in
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897:
881:
869:
820:
13:
1:
754:
545:
398:
1137:100 Weird Ways to Catch Fish
878:Gifu Prefectural Government.
857:Queen of Freshwater Streams.
325:and other fish in the order
7:
1084:Retrieved 13 February 2017.
876:Symbols of Gifu Prefecture.
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10:
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829:"盤點台灣淡水魚 原生種香魚已滅絕│TVBS新聞網"
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81:Scientific classification
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57:
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1501:Freshwater fish of Japan
1100:. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
595:Phalacrocorax capillatus
255:Plecoglossus ryukyuensis
1171:19 January 2014 at the
1112:"The Chemistry of Fish"
667:Watercolor illustration
655:(Ayu grilled with salt)
1516:Fish described in 1846
1288:Plecoglossus altivelis
1258:Plecoglossus altivelis
1236:Plecoglossus altivelis
1203:Plecoglossus altivelis
945:Plecoglossus altivelis
785:Plecoglossus altivelis
781:Huckstorf, V. (2012).
574:
533:
506:
467:
282:Plecoglossus altivelis
266:(Wu & Shan, 2005)
201:Plecoglossus altivelis
862:25 April 2014 at the
835:(in Chinese (Taiwan))
572:
528:
504:
465:
1133:Waldman, J. (2005).
963:: e.T17595A7151908.
799:: e.T62222A3110058.
581:also catch it using
410:Subspecies include:
591:Japanese cormorants
474:, the ayu feeds on
340:along the coast of
51:Conservation status
1496:Fauna of Hong Kong
1221:10.2108/zsj.22.401
1096:Lake Biwa Museum:
693:cold water disease
575:
534:
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468:
302:, is a species of
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1450:Open Tree of Life
1250:Taxon identifiers
1223:
1175:Gifu Rotary Club.
1122:on 12 April 2015.
1116:Discover Magazine
679:Swimming up a dam
583:cormorant fishing
445:
441:P. a. ryukyuensis
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348:southward to the
306:. It is the only
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183:P. altivelis
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16:(Redirected from
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1185:No. 2: Ayu fish.
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1118:. Archived from
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652:Ayu no shio yaki
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444:M. Nishida, 1988
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428:(ayu, sweetfish)
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389:Gunma Prefecture
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1224:(HTML abstract)
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638:P. a. altivelis
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564:ayu-no-tomozuri
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522:in reservoirs.
466:A school of ayu
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432:P. a. chinensis
415:P. a. altivelis
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393:Gifu Prefecture
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231:Salmo altivelis
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27:Species of fish
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1506:Plecoglossidae
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1214:(4): 401–410.
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66:Data Deficient
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437:(Chinese ayu)
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403:Two to three
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338:Pacific Ocean
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293:アユ, 鮎, 年魚, 香魚
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277:ayu sweetfish
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1120:the original
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994:. USA Today.
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974:. Retrieved
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890:Plecoglossus
889:
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837:. Retrieved
832:
822:
810:. Retrieved
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784:
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607:
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587:Nagara River
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511:amphidromous
508:
469:
450:ayu-fish) –
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366:amphidromous
331:
327:Osmeriformes
315:Plecoglossus
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159:Plecoglossus
158:
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138:Osmeriformes
29:
1521:Edible fish
1362:iNaturalist
1282:Wikispecies
976:18 November
949:ryukyuensis
812:18 November
610:aquaculture
556:fly fishing
480:crustaceans
352:Peninsula,
1485:Categories
1208:Zool. Sci.
1152:0811731790
839:8 November
755:References
737:Farmed ayu
546:Human uses
452:endangered
405:subspecies
399:Subspecies
332:Native to
585:. On the
577:Japanese
560:fish trap
552:East Asia
539:Lake Biwa
530:Lake Biwa
496:schooling
358:Hong Kong
334:East Asia
300:sweetfish
177:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
18:Sweetfish
1380:10150103
1336:FishBase
1267:Wikidata
1169:Archived
1098:Aquarium
860:Archived
743:See also
472:omnivore
424:Schlegel
420:Temminck
364:. It is
342:Hokkaidō
222:Synonyms
213:Schlegel
209:Temminck
169:Schlegel
165:Temminck
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1354:4283980
1273:Q642906
724:tempura
709:sashimi
623:Gallery
579:fishers
520:stocked
488:sponges
484:insects
458:Biology
426:, 1846)
362:Vietnam
310:in the
308:species
215:, 1846)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1468:293715
1455:486933
1442:293715
1393:162027
1367:188070
1328:994386
1149:
1045:
827:TVBS.
636:Young
617:skewer
589:where
515:larvae
490:, and
448:Ryukyu
422:&
374:Taiwan
350:Korean
323:smelts
319:family
211:&
171:, 1846
167:&
1463:WoRMS
1429:61084
1413:NAS:
1406:62222
1375:IRMNG
1315:4K2R5
1302:27919
947:ssp.
691:With
599:umi-u
492:worms
476:algae
354:China
346:Japan
312:genus
1437:OBIS
1424:NCBI
1401:IUCN
1388:ITIS
1349:GBIF
1297:BOLD
1147:ISBN
1043:ISBN
978:2021
961:1996
841:2022
833:TVBS
814:2021
797:2012
603:crop
391:and
370:Biwa
317:and
304:fish
275:The
1416:797
1341:251
1323:EoL
1310:CoL
1217:doi
1143:6–7
965:doi
801:doi
722:As
707:As
532:ayu
470:An
344:in
298:or
287:ayu
285:),
1487::
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1439::
1426::
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1364::
1351::
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1284::
1269::
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1205:.
1145:.
1114:.
1089:^
1053:^
1028:^
1016:^
1000:^
959:.
953:.
915:^
849:^
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795:.
789:.
763:^
486:,
482:,
478:,
395:.
383:年魚
356:,
329:.
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1155:.
980:.
967::
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843:.
816:.
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