Sustainable transport

2236: 1381: 2160: 2148: 2268:(Samgöngugreiðslur) where those who do not drive a car to work, get paid a lump of money monthly. An employee must sign a statement not to use a car for work more often than one day a week, or 20% of the days for a period. Some employers pay fixed amounts based on trust. Other employers reimburse the expenses for repairs on bicycles, period-tickets for public transport and the like. Since 2013, amounts up to ISK 8000 per month have been tax-free. Most major workplaces offer this, and a significant proportion of employees use the scheme. Since 2019 half the amount is tax-free if the employee signs a contract not to use a car to work for more than 40% of the days of the contract period. 1390: 20: 1050:. The majority of the emissions, almost 97%, came from direct burning of fossil fuels. In 2019, about 95% of the fuel came from fossil sources. The main source of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union is transportation. In 2019 it contributes to about 31% of global emissions and 24% of emissions in the EU. In addition, up to the COVID-19 pandemic, emissions have only increased in this one sector. Greenhouse gas emissions from transport are increasing at a faster rate than any other energy using sector. Road transport is also a major contributor to local 47: 1501: 1814: 1306: 2010: 6472: 1826: 1159: 1805:(C40) is a group of 94 cities around the world driving urban action that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks, while increasing the health and wellbeing of urban citizens. In October 2019, by signing the C40 Clean Air Cities Declaration, 35 mayors recognized that breathing clean air is a human right and committed to work together to form a global coalition for clean air. Papers have been written showing with satellite data that cities with subway systems produce much less greenhouse gas. 272: 2027: 2173: 1677: 330: 1562: 2249: 8298: 7747: 921: 2264:, employers have for many years been providing employees with financial incentives. The employee leases or borrows a bike that the employer has purchased. You can also get other support. The scheme is beneficial for the employee who saves money and gets an incentive to get exercise integrated in the daily routine. The employer can expect a tax deduction, lower sick leave and less pressure on parking spaces for cars. Since 2010, there has been a scheme in 935: 1527:. In many cases, streets became void of "life." Stores, schools, government centers and libraries moved away from central cities, and residents who did not flee to the suburbs experienced a much reduced quality of public space and of public services. As schools were closed their mega-school replacements in outlying areas generated additional traffic; the number of cars on US roads between 7:15 and 8:15 a.m. increases 30% during the school year. 1712: 7759: 1282: 1259:, sustainable transport can help create jobs, improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes, pedestrian pathways and non-pedestrian pathways, make access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient. It also offers a practical opportunity to save people's time and household income as well as government budgets, making investment in sustainable transport a 'win-win' opportunity. 8286: 1611: 2822: 1333:. After decades in which all the analysis has been focused on emending the Von Karman model, Dewulf and Van Langenhove have introduced a model based on the second law of thermodynamics and exergy analysis. Chester and Orwath, have developed a similar model based on the first law that accounts the necessary costs for the infrastructure. 2083:. The pandemic's impact on urban public transportation means revenue declines will put a strain on operators' finances and may cause creditworthiness to worsen. Governments might be forced to subsidize operators with financial transfers, in turn reducing resources available for investment in greener transportation systems. 2133:

and lower harmful emissions. The Bank also offered an average of €11 billion per year from 2012 to 2022 for sustainable transportation solutions and climate-friendly initiatives. In 2022, railway projects received around 32% of overall transport loans, while urban mobility received approximately 37%.

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included a model of an imagined city, built around a car-based transport system. In this "greater and better world of tomorrow", residential, commercial and industrial areas were separated, and skyscrapers loomed over a network of urban motorways. These ideas captured the popular imagination, and are

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Transport systems are major emitters of greenhouse gases, responsible for 23% of world energy-related GHG emissions in 2004, with about three-quarters coming from road vehicles. Data from 2011 stated that one-third of all greenhouse gases produced are due to transportation. Currently 95% of transport

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Relatively low and stable oil prices during the 1980s and 1990s led to significant increases in vehicle travel from 1980 to 2000, both directly because people chose to travel by car more often and for greater distances, and indirectly because cities developed tracts of suburban housing, distant from

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Whereas it started as a movement driven by environmental concerns, over these last years there has been increased emphasis on social equity and fairness issues, and in particular the need to ensure proper access and services for lower income groups and people with mobility limitations, including the

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cities make more frequent and longer car trips, while residents of traditional urban neighborhoods make a similar number of trips, but travel shorter distances and walk, cycle and use transit more often. It has been calculated that New York residents save $ 19 billion each year simply by owning

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In developing countries such as Uganda, researchers have sought to determine factors that could possibly influence travelers to opt for bicycles as an alternative to motorcycle taxis (Bodaboda). The findings suggest that generally, the age, gender, and ability of the individual to cycle in the first

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has warned that the success of (first-generation) biofuels in Brazil is due to specific local circumstances. Internationally, first-generation biofuels are forecast to have little or no impact on greenhouse emissions, at significantly higher cost than energy efficiency measures. The later generation

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In March 2022, an advertising regulation will come into force in France, requiring all advertising materials for automobiles to include one of three standard disclaimers promoting the use of sustainable transport practices. This applies to all vehicles, including electric vehicles. In 2028, it will

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A companion document to the White Paper called "Smarter Choices" researched the potential to scale up the small and scattered sustainable transport initiatives then occurring across Britain, and concluded that the comprehensive application of these techniques could reduce peak period car travel in

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Transport Structure Scheme has since the 1970s required that demand for additional vehicle capacity only be met "if the contribution to societal welfare is positive", and since 1990 has included an explicit target to halve the rate of growth in vehicle traffic. Some cities outside Europe have also

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The Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV), developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), is an electric vehicle that can be charged while stationary or driving, thus removing the need to stop at a charging station. The City of Gumi in South Korea runs a 24 km roundtrip

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The post-war years brought increased wealth and a demand for much greater mobility for people and goods. The number of road vehicles in Britain increased fivefold between 1950 and 1979, with similar trends in other Western nations. Most affluent countries and cities invested heavily in bigger and

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Increase the cost of car ownership and gas taxes through increased parking fees and tolls, encouraging people to drive more fuel efficient vehicles. This can produce a social equity problem, since lower income people usually drive older vehicles with lower fuel efficiency. Government can use the

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Battery electric vehicles have lower lifecycle emissions than other vehicle types. Abbreviations used in this chart: - ICE(V): internal combustion engine vehicle, CNG: compressed natural gas, HEV: hybrid electric vehicle, BEV: battery electric vehicle, PHEV: plugin hybrid electric vehicle, FCEV:

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along which the bus will receive 100 kW (136 horsepower) electricity at an 85% maximum power transmission efficiency rate while maintaining a 17 cm air gap between the underbody of the vehicle and the road surface. At that power, only a few sections of the road need embedded cables.

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by ride-sharing cross country stopping over at various destinations along the way and documenting their travel through video footage, posts and photography. Ride-sharing reduces individual's carbon footprint by allowing several people to use one car instead of everyone using individual cars.

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on 30 September 2009 for sustainable urban mobility. The European Commission will conduct a review of the implementation of the Action Plan in the year 2012, and will assess the need for further action. In 2007, 72% of the European population lived in urban areas, which are key to growth and

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emissions when comparing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with equivalent internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The extent to which it does this depends on the embodied energy of the vehicle and the source of the electricity. Lifecycle greenhouse gas emission reductions from BEVs are

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aims to improve mobility, especially for vehicles, and may fail to adequately consider wider impacts. But the real purpose of transport is access – to work, education, goods and services, friends and family – and there are proven techniques to improve access while simultaneously reducing

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Sustainable transport systems make a positive contribution to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the communities they serve. Transport systems exist to provide social and economic connections, and people quickly take up the opportunities offered by increased

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Kostnaður fyrirtækja við gerð og viðhald á bílastæðum er mikill. Nú bjóða ýmis fyrirtæki starfsfólki sínu upp á samgöngusamning en þá skuldbindur starfsmaðurinn sig til þess að fara ekki á einkabíl til og frá vinnu og fær í staðinn ákveðna greiðslu. Slíkt býðst t.d. starfsfólki

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Even in countries where electricity is largely generated from coal, such as China and India, battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) have lower lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. The advantages of BEVs will further increase by 2030 as countries increasingly adopt clean electricity

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responded that they will spend 2 billion pounds on active transport, more than ever, including making England and the rest of the UK's railways greener. UK studies have shown that a modal shift to rail from air could result in a sixty fold reduction in CO2 emissions.

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place are key determinants of their willingness to shift to a more sustainable mode. Transport system improvements that could reduce the perceived risks of cycling were also seen to be the most impactful changes that could contribute towards the greater use of bicycles.

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have been linked to a decline in per capita fuel use for private vehicle travel in the US, Britain and Australia. In 2008, global oil consumption fell by 0.8% overall, with significant declines in consumption in North America, Western Europe, and parts of Asia.

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fast-growing population of older citizens. Many of the people exposed to the most vehicle noise, pollution and safety risk have been those who do not own, or cannot drive cars, and those for whom the cost of car ownership causes a severe financial burden.

1746:, carsharing can reduce car ownership at an estimated rate of one rental car replacing 15 owned vehicles. Car sharing has also begun in the developing world, where traffic and urban density is often worse than in developed countries. Companies like 5076: 4919:

Levine, Jonathan. 2013. "Urban Transportation and Social Equity: Transportation Planning Paradigms that Impede Policy Reform," in Naomi Carmon and Susan S. Fainstein, eds. Policy, Planning and people: promoting Justice in Urban Development

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A similar study by the United States Federal Highway Administration, was also released in 2004 and also concluded that a more proactive approach to transportation demand was an important component of overall national transport strategy.

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first published research into the impacts of traffic on child independent mobility in 1971. Despite these notes of caution, trends in car ownership, car use and fuel consumption continued steeply upward throughout the post-war period.

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networks based on traditional diesel buses use less fuel per passenger than private vehicles, and are generally safer and use less road space than private vehicles. Green public transport vehicles including electric trains, trams and

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environmental and social impacts, and managing traffic congestion. Communities which are successfully improving the sustainability of their transport networks are doing so as part of a wider program of creating more vibrant, livable,

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Encourage walking and biking through the provision of wider pedestrian pathway, bike share stations in downtowns, locate parking lots far from the shopping center, limit on street parking, slower traffic lane in downtown

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in transport infrastructure including roads, bridges and railways. Motorized transport also releases exhaust fumes that contain particulate matter which is hazardous to human health and a contributor to climate change.

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transport options. The advantages of increased mobility need to be weighed against the environmental, social and economic costs that transport systems pose. Short-term activity often promotes incremental improvement in

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Dewulf J, and Van Langenhove H., "Exergetic material input per unit of service (EMIPS) for the assessment of resource productivity of transport commodities". Resources Conservation and Recycling. 38(2), Pages: 161–174

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in India, eHi in China, and Carrot in Mexico, are bringing car-sharing to developing countries in an effort to reduce car-related pollution, ameliorate traffic, and expand the number of people who have access to cars.

2890:(which also often directly or indirectly affects people) in order to make (urban) society more livable, as well as solving various interconnected logistical, social, economic and energy issues and inefficiencies. 4705: 2228:(ACCC) describes "green" claims on products as "very vague, inviting consumers to give a wide range of meanings to the claim, which risks misleading them". In 2008 the ACCC forced a car retailer to stop its 1598:

documented how the location and layout of cities was shaped around a walkable center, often located near a port or waterway, and with suburbs accessible by animal transport or, later, by rail or tram lines.

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Improve public transport through the provision of larger coverage area in order to provide more mobility and accessibility, new technology to provide a more reliable and responsive public transportation

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Since many Western countries are highly automobile-oriented, the main transit that people use is personal vehicles. About 80% of their travel involves cars. Therefore, California, is one of the highest

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Chester et al., "Infrastructure and Automobile Shifts: Positioning Transit to Reduce Life-cycle Environmental Impacts for Urban Sustainability Goals", Environmental Research Letters 8(1), 2012

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provide a poignant reminder of what was lost in this transformation, and a record of community efforts to resist these changes. Lewis Mumford asked "is the city for cars or for people?"

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than a Chinese urban resident, and almost four times as much as a European urban dweller. These differences cannot be explained by wealth alone but are closely linked to the rates of

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can be reduced by reducing the weight of vehicles, sustainable styles of driving, reducing the friction of tires, encouraging electric and hybrid vehicles, improving the walking and

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Chester M, and Horvath A, High-speed Rail with Emerging Automobiles and Aircraft Can Reduce Environmental Impacts in California's Future, Environmental Research Letters 7(3), 2012.

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The popularity of the car in the post-war era led to major changes in the structure and function of cities. There was some opposition to these changes at the time. The writings of

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transport an increasingly sustainable investment at local level—both by reducing emission levels and thus mitigating climate change; and by improving public health through better

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Some Western countries are making transportation more sustainable in both long-term and short-term implementations. An example is the modification in available transportation in

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Mainstream transport planning in Europe has, by contrast, never been based on assumptions that the private car was the best or only solution for urban mobility. For example, the

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is also used as a transport fuel, but is a less promising technology as it is still a fossil fuel and still has significant emissions (though lower than gasoline, diesel, etc.).

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emitters in the United States. The federal government has to come up with some plans to reduce the total number of vehicle trips to lower greenhouse gases emission. Such as:

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present barriers to employment in low-income neighbourhoods, with many low-income individuals and families forced to run cars they cannot afford to maintain their income.

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Chester M, and Horvath A, Environmental Assessment of Passenger Transportation Should Include Infrastructure and Supply Chains, Environmental Research Letters 4(2), 2009.

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at or below their rates of generation, and uses non-renewable resources at or below the rates of development of renewable substitutes, while minimizing the impact on the

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The British Government's White Paper on Transport marked a change in direction for transport planning in the UK. In the introduction to the White Paper, Prime Minister

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are intended to have less environmental impact than equivalent standard vehicles, although when the environmental impact of a vehicle is assessed over the whole of its

5587: 4083: 4701: 4961: 4050: 1102:(UNEP) estimates that each year 2.4 million premature deaths from outdoor air pollution could be avoided. Particularly hazardous for health are emissions of 300: 8190: 4752: 1723:

The cities and nations that have invested most heavily in car-based transport systems are now the least environmentally sustainable, as measured by per capita

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Sustainable transport has many social and economic benefits that can accelerate local sustainable development. According to a series of serious reports by the

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are also involved in evaluation. Transportation sustainability is largely being measured by transportation system effectiveness and efficiency as well as the

6020: 2115: 1990:– to compel its transport agencies to actively consider sustainability issues including climate change impacts in transport policy, planning and operations. 4986: 7725: 4157: 1373:

significant, even in countries with relatively high shares of coal in their electricity generation mix, such as China and India. As a specific example, a

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Sustainable transport is fundamentally a grassroots movement, albeit one which is now recognized as of citywide, national and international significance.

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biofuels however (2nd to 4th generation) do have significant environmental benefit, as they are no driving force for deforestation or struggle with the

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declined dramatically in the United States, Great Britain and Australia, although this did not occur to the same extent in Canada or mainland Europe.

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combine the advantages of green vehicles with those of sustainable transport choices. Other transport choices with very low environmental impact are

5012: 3160:"About Transportation & Climate Change: Transportation's Role in Climate Change: Overview - DOT Transportation and Climate Change Clearinghouse" 5162: 4726: 3879: 3431: 3328: 3253: 5923: 5713: 2882:. The main motivation for mobility transition is the reduction of the harm and damage that traffic causes to people (mostly but not solely due to 5239: 4611: 3663: 2225: 1962:

Outside Western Europe, cities which have consistently included sustainability as a key consideration in transport and land use planning include

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There are major differences in transport energy consumption between cities; an average U.S. urban dweller uses 24 times more energy annually for

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Allows the basic access and development needs of individuals, companies and society to be met safely and in a manner consistent with human and

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We recognise that we cannot simply build our way out of the problems we face. It would be environmentally irresponsible – and would not work.

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better-designed roads and motorways, which were considered essential to underpin growth and prosperity. Transport planning became a branch of

2235: 6985: 6045: 3167: 3054: 2591: 5994: 5216: 4907: 1110:, which is a known cause of respiratory and carcinogenic diseases and a significant contributor to global climate change. The links between 2280: 966: 5833: 5687: 2153:

The global stock of both plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has grown steadily since the 2010s.

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Many other cities throughout the world have recognized the need to link sustainability and transport policies, for example by joining the

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employment. Cities need efficient transport systems to support their economy and the welfare of their inhabitants. Around 85% of the EU's

8215: 7598: 4275: 3389: 1637: 293: 4578: 4485: 3742: 8128: 7345: 6531: 6505: 5315: 4516: 4217: 6274: 3249: 2734:. The high cost and limited availability of fuel led to a resurgence of interest in alternatives to single occupancy vehicle travel. 3083: 8160: 7851: 6795: 5902: 3819: 3281: 1460:, but only in comparison with standard vehicles, and they still contribute to traffic congestion and road crashes. Well-patronized 2196:, and the rising use of technology (internet, mobile devices) which have made travel less necessary and possibly less attractive. 3634: 3349: 1137:. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars. 4676: 2780:

At the same time, the academic foundations of the "predict and provide" approach to transport were being questioned, notably by

7295: 6294: 5504: 4192: 2781: 2694:, and remain the only options for most people in the developing world. Freight was moved by human power, animal power or rail. 1456:

In practice there is a sliding scale of green transport depending on the sustainability of the option. Green vehicles are more

461: 286: 4930: 4541: 3480: 3394: 7714: 6231: 6217: 5514: 3130: 1994: 1181:, and is used to describe modes of transport, and systems of transport planning, which are consistent with wider concerns of 5583: 4075: 1042:

impacts of the system. Transport systems have significant impacts on the environment, accounting for between 20% and 25% of

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date from the 1860s. These were the only personal transport choices available to most people in Western countries prior to

2129:, funding the building of new ships and the retrofitting of current ships with eco-friendly technologies to increase their 1844: 1099: 4339:"Modeling the potential shift from motorcycles (boda bodas) to bicycles among young people on a Ugandan university campus" 8220: 2773:. Trends in freight logistics, including a movement from rail and coastal shipping to road freight and a requirement for 1802: 1603: 1565: 4849: 4455: 3773:

Buehler, Ralph; Pucher, John (2011). "Sustainable Transport in Freiburg: Lessons from Germany's Environmental Capital".

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documented the consequences for communities of increasing car traffic in "The View from the Road" (1964) and in the UK,

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Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Emissions in Urban Passenger Transport Systems : A Study of 84 Global Cities

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Several European countries are opening up financial incentives that support more sustainable modes of transport. The

1489: 788: 608: 329: 5562: 5341: 4051:"Comparative life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of a mid-size BEV and ICE vehicle – Charts – Data & Statistics" 2159: 7866: 7623: 7580: 6820: 5548: 5124: 2936: 2931: 2746: 2643: 2601: 2257: 1407: 1403: 1399: 959: 396: 260: 222: 6024: 2260:, which focuses on daily cycling for transport, has created a document containing a non-complete overview. In the 8261: 8195: 7618: 7300: 7229: 7168: 6961: 6853: 6597: 6521: 6494: 6374: 6344: 5961: 3040: 2683: 2526: 1125:

The social costs of transport include road crashes, air pollution, physical inactivity, time taken away from the

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Cities and Automobile Dependence: An International Sourcebook, Newman P and Kenworthy J, Gower, Aldershot, 1989

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A Global Comparison of the Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Combustion Engine and Electric Passenger Cars

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is generated in cities. Urban areas face today the challenge of making transport sustainable in environmental (

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imposes economic costs by wasting people's time and by slowing the delivery of goods and services. Traditional

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Car travel increased steadily throughout the twentieth century, but trends since 2000 have been more complex.

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53% of trips are made by walking, 3% by bicycle, 34% by public transport, and only 10% by car. In the entire

1795: 481: 5813: 5650: 4635: 4306:"'Forced Car Ownership' in the UK and Germany: Socio-Spatial Patterns and Potential Economic Stress Impacts" 3599: 7520: 6788: 5481: 2762: 2633: 2596: 2570: 2217: 2213: 1898:

extra revenue collected from taxes and tolls to improve public transportation and benefit poor communities.

1577: 1389: 1031: 217: 187: 3713: 3684: 3243:"IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Mitigation of Climate Change, chapter 5, Transport and its Infrastructure" 1926:

also become illegal to advertise vehicles which emit more than 128 grams of carbon dioxide per-kilometre.

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energy comes from petroleum. Energy is consumed in the manufacture as well as the use of vehicles, and is

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Adey, Peter; Cresswell, Tim; Lee, Jane Yeonjae; Nikolaeva, Anna; Nóvoa, André; Temenos, Cristina (2021).

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Share of firms in the EU and the US taking action on climate by including sustainable transport options.

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fewer cars and driving less than the average American. A less car intensive means of urban transport is

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Gabrielli G, and von Karman Th, "What price speed?," Mechanical Engineering, Vol 72, pp. 775-781, 1950.

2507: 2114:, even for commercial purposes, for example, Fairtrannsport and New Dawn Traders They have created the 1914: 1728: 1420: 1377:

in the UK in 2019 produced one third of the greenhouse gases than the average internal combustion car.

1092: 822: 177: 5955:"Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health:Lessons from The Netherlands and Germany" 4782: 4600: 3655: 8017: 7841: 7530: 7325: 7163: 6815: 6732: 6717: 6450: 6334: 6178: 6049: 5530: 5345: 3001: 2961: 2666:

Most of the tools and concepts of sustainable transport were developed before the phrase was coined.

2521: 2434: 1987: 1955:, 28% of trips are made by walking, 31% by bicycle, 18% by public transport and only 23% by car. In 1329:

The first historical attempts of evaluating the Life Cycle environmental impact of vehicle is due to

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who now drive less, preference for other travel modes (such as transit) by younger age cohorts, the

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Cities with overbuilt roadways have experienced unintended consequences, linked to radical drops in

8022: 7811: 7463: 7340: 7305: 7054: 7044: 7018: 6722: 6666: 6435: 6420: 6394: 6310: 5849: 5679: 4425: 3357:, U.S. Department of Transportation's Research and Innovative Technology Administration, May 2010, 3011: 2996: 2916: 2296: 2221: 2122: 1856: 1786:) terms while at the same time addressing social concerns. These range from the need to respond to 1680:

Greenhouse gas emissions from transport vary widely, even for cities of comparable wealth. Source:

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Ellis, Cliff (2005). "Lewis Mumford and Norman Bel Geddes: the highway, the city and the future".

4104: 3159: 2283:(DG-TREN) has launched a program which focusses mostly on urban transport. Its main measures are: 1971: 1666: 1380: 7964: 7751: 7525: 7368: 7178: 7150: 6873: 6863: 6781: 6445: 6430: 6415: 5998: 5625: 5392: 5212: 4753:"C40: 35 CITIES UNITE TO CLEAN THE AIR THEIR CITIZENS BREATHE, PROTECTING THE HEALTH OF MILLIONS" 2901: 2784:

in a set of comparative studies of cities and their transport systems dating from the mid-1980s.

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started in 2011 created a national awareness campaign in the United States encouraging people to

1956: 1474: 1240: 1213: 1178: 939: 817: 807: 511: 446: 227: 182: 4702:"How are social enterprises helping address road safety and transportation challenges in India?" 8133: 8091: 8086: 7969: 7846: 7777: 7770: 7590: 7545: 7500: 7315: 7279: 7269: 7064: 7039: 7023: 7008: 6990: 6712: 6440: 6409: 6399: 6324: 3831: 3782: 2966: 2307: 1952: 1441: 1341: 903: 712: 697: 645: 506: 426: 162: 6122: 6085:

Transition towards Sustainable Mobility: The Role of Instruments, Individuals and Institutions

5829: 3948:"What price of speed? A critical revision through constructal optimization of transport modes" 3212: 8200: 8064: 7903: 7668: 7613: 7453: 7428: 7393: 7069: 6591: 6212:, Earthscan, London, Washington DC, 2010. Schiller P Eric C. Bruun and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, 6083: 4897:

Barbour, Elissa and Elizabeth A. Deakin. 2012. "Smart Growth Planning for Climate Protection"

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marketing of Saab cars, which was found by the Australian Federal Court to be "misleading".

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Other factors affecting a decline in driving, at least in America, include the retirement of

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Council of Ministers of Transport, defines a sustainable transportation system as one that:

1122:. The term "green mobility" also refers to clean ways of movement or sustainable transport. 8230: 8185: 8153: 8148: 8074: 8049: 8005: 7633: 7603: 7555: 7550: 7473: 7378: 7274: 7097: 6956: 6941: 6916: 6901: 6858: 6762: 6692: 6682: 6619: 6555: 6369: 6339: 5898: 5291: 4871:

Shirres, David (June 2023). Sherratt (ed.). "DfT understates the benefits of modal shift".

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as a pivotal change from "predict and provide" toward a sustainable approach incorporating

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marketing technique for products which are not proven to make a positive contribution to

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Some of the biggest cities in Western Europe have a relatively sustainable transport. In

1755: 1590: 1531: 1330: 1134: 991: 702: 568: 551: 496: 351: 339: 207: 147: 6269: 5894: 4798: 4354: 4253:. American Journal of Health Promotion 18: 47-57. September–October 2003. Archived from 1434: 8205: 8143: 7931: 7920: 7898: 7893: 7882: 7510: 7505: 7140: 7102: 7059: 6978: 6565: 6547: 6536: 6500: 6455: 6425: 4826: 4403: 4368: 4008: 3800: 2825: 2754: 2731: 2575: 2410: 2126: 2110:

At the beginning of the 21st century, some companies are trying to increase the use of

2072: 1944: 1783: 1747: 1220: 1142: 1138: 1088: 583: 411: 321: 5266:"Paris to roll out 50km of cycle lanes to stop spread of Covid-19 on public transport" 5131:. International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives. 1995–2008. Archived from 3626: 3277: 8180: 8054: 7947: 7856: 7719: 7702: 7673: 7468: 7352: 7158: 6911: 6848: 6612: 6489: 6227: 6213: 6200: 6182: 6154: 6089: 5510: 4880: 4830: 4818: 4810: 4666: 4407: 4372: 4000: 3016: 2986: 2883: 2863: 2851: 2712: 2439: 2352: 2068: 2040: 1689: 1658: 1500: 1286: 1209: 1015: 657: 573: 4806: 4185: 3845: 3804: 3504: 2840:, he caricatures the enormous spatial demands of motorised private transport (2007). 1813: 1305: 1185:. There are many definitions of the sustainable transport, and of the related terms 8256: 8251: 8037: 8032: 7915: 7871: 7643: 7515: 7490: 7383: 7209: 7183: 7135: 7130: 7112: 7049: 7000: 6921: 6891: 6886: 6843: 6707: 6661: 6628: 6602: 6576: 6526: 6510: 6364: 6359: 6329: 5928: 4802: 4548: 4395: 4358: 4317: 4012: 3992: 3959: 3841: 3792: 3484: 3381: 3098: 2981: 2921: 2906: 2867: 2859: 2679: 2671: 2628: 2479: 2327: 2312: 1967: 1882: 1852: 1794:

trends, fostering economic and social cohesion to taking into account the needs of

1701: 1641: 1547: 1516: 1461: 1365: 1345: 1202: 1147: 1084: 764: 759: 593: 578: 539: 491: 466: 406: 276: 202: 167: 152: 142: 106: 101: 6471: 4987:"'Opt for cycling': French car ads required to back travel alternatives from 2022" 3138: 2252:

Anthropogenic per capita emissions of greenhouse gases by country by the year 2000

2220:

has targeted car manufacturers who claim that their cars are "green", "clean" or "

2009: 8266: 8027: 7478: 7388: 7373: 7239: 7204: 7013: 6727: 6702: 6570: 6560: 6148: 5856: 5837: 5817: 5798: 5779: 5760: 5740: 5316:"Protecting public transport from the coronavirus... and from financial collapse" 5111: 4582: 2946: 2829: 2777:

deliveries, meant that freight traffic grew faster than general vehicle traffic.

2727: 2560: 2510: 2420: 2399: 2394: 2193: 2165:

Sales of electric vehicles (EVs) indicate a trend away from gas-powered vehicles.

1848: 1825: 1541: 1481:. The most common green transport choice, with the least environmental impact is 1428: 1322: 1228: 1158: 1072: 516: 471: 401: 192: 116: 4399: 4363: 4338: 4276:"Tackling transport-related barriers to employment in low-income neighbourhoods" 4186:"Making Transit Work: insight from Western Europe, Canada and the United States" 2726:

Concerns about the sustainability of this approach became widespread during the

8271: 7403: 7320: 7254: 7249: 6968: 6946: 6881: 6804: 6651: 6633: 6404: 6384: 6349: 6210:

Introduction to Sustainable Transportation: Policy, Planning and Implementation

4596: 4251:

Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity

3189:"Get on the bus first to make Nicosia tram infrastructure worth the investment" 3021: 2951: 2879: 2833: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2493: 2487: 2322: 2277: 2261: 1911: 1847:

issued a statement saying that car use in the United Kingdom must shrink while

1768: 1569: 1457: 1424: 1416: 1314: 1294: 1194: 1182: 1039: 1011: 1003: 987: 886: 859: 832: 800: 783: 662: 451: 421: 197: 137: 71: 31: 4445: 3964: 3947: 3796: 8316: 8010: 7959: 7708: 7433: 7418: 7413: 7398: 7219: 7173: 6931: 6389: 6354: 6254: 6196: 4884: 4845: 4814: 4671: 4441: 2991: 2871: 2675: 2474: 2380: 2291: 2172: 2076: 2026: 1948: 1940:

Sustainable transport policies have their greatest impact at the city level.

1775: 1742: 1705: 1676: 1645: 1595: 1355: 1268: 1235:

Sustainability extends beyond just the operating efficiency and emissions. A

1051: 898: 864: 771: 754: 635: 625: 476: 237: 172: 4254: 1219:

Limits emissions and waste within the planet's ability to absorb them, uses

8059: 7681: 7079: 6838: 6752: 6671: 6279: 4822: 4215: 4039:. Berlin: International Council on Clean Transportation Europe. p. ii. 4004: 2875: 2770: 2691: 2585: 2361: 2337: 2111: 2015: 1998: 1935: 1732: 1583: 1466: 1450: 1272: 1107: 1103: 837: 722: 391: 356: 271: 121: 96: 66: 6265:

Sustainable-mobility.org: the centre of resources on sustainable transport

5621: 4962:"France will force car ads to place messages encouraging cycling, walking" 4322: 4305: 2075:

and air pollution from increase in car use. A similar plan was adopted by

1740:, which is becoming popular in North America and Europe, and according to 1561: 7942: 7264: 7259: 7224: 7087: 6687: 5340:

Welle, Ben; Berg, Rogier van den; Adriazola-Steil, Claudia (2022-02-03).

3507:"Making the Connections - final report on transport and social exclusion" 3240: 2976: 2911: 2687: 2606: 2565: 2538: 2533: 2469: 2444: 2189: 1724: 1653: 1633: 1374: 1119: 1080: 994:

impacts. Components for evaluating sustainability include the particular

842: 717: 667: 630: 613: 598: 416: 232: 157: 81: 5360:"Making the Connections: Final report on transport and social exclusion" 5132: 2846:

is a set of social, technological and political processes of converting

7827: 7423: 7408: 7234: 7214: 6264: 4218:"Active Transportation to School Then and Now — Barriers and Solutions" 4121:"KAIST's wireless Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV) runs inner city roads" 3278:"National multipollutant emissions comparison by source sector in 2002" 2855: 2788: 1791: 1737: 1310: 1276: 1115: 1067: 1063: 852: 677: 672: 640: 603: 588: 371: 76: 3996: 2248: 7997: 7692: 7638: 7092: 6757: 6480: 6150:

Moving Towards Transition: Commoning Mobility for a Low-Carbon Future

5954: 5791: 3351:

Helping to Build a Safe and Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure

2750: 2464: 2301: 2209: 1983: 1607:

credited with influencing city planning from the 1940s to the 1970s.

1509: 1505: 1395: 1130: 1027: 983: 707: 687: 456: 366: 61: 5869: 5104: 3570: 2071:

by avoiding public transport and at the same time prevent a rise in

1711: 934: 8069: 7992: 7953: 7485: 5186:"Milan announces ambitious scheme to reduce car use after lockdown" 2758: 2623: 2366: 2060: 1716: 1298: 1224: 1208:

Is affordable, operates fairly and efficiently, offers a choice of

1163: 1019: 847: 732: 727: 381: 376: 346: 5443: 5413: 4783:"Subways and CO2 emissions: A global analysis with satellite data" 3983:(2003). "OECD's Economic Assessment of Biofuel Support Policies". 3538: 3416: 3414: 1281: 7458: 6773: 6581: 6260:

Bridging the Gap: Pathways for transport in the post 2012 process

5810: 5604:"Electric Vehicles Look Poised for Slower Sales Growth This Year" 5584:"Global EV Outlook 2023 / Trends in electric light-duty vehicles" 5342:"3 Ways to Reimagine Public Transport for People and the Climate" 4482:

Key publicatonson children's quality of life by Dr. Mayer Hillman

4450: 2847: 2742: 2720: 2674:

dates back at least as far as the invention of the public bus by

2667: 2614: 2546: 2388: 2347: 2265: 2103: 2099: 2048: 1731:

has also been questioned. Within the United States, residents of

1697: 1693: 1622: 1568:, an exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair, was sponsored by 1535: 1524: 1520: 1482: 1470: 1167: 995: 869: 827: 563: 546: 6259: 5473: 5240:"New York City to open 100 miles of city streets to pedestrians" 4727:"Transport: Action Plan on urban mobility - European commission" 4109:. Paris: International Energy Agency. November 2021. p. 14. 4076:"Factcheck: How electric vehicles help to tackle climate change" 3427:

Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP)

3324:

Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP)

2224:". Manufacturers risk fines if they fail to drop the words. The 1548:

Potential shift to sustainable transport in developing countries

1257:

Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP)

1205:, and promotes equity within and between successive generations. 7974: 7122: 6250:

Sustainable Urban Transport Project - knowledge platform (SUTP)

3818:

Pearce, Joshua M.; Johnson, Sara J.; Grant, Gabriel B. (2007).

3539:"Measuring Transportation: Traffic, Mobility and Accessibility" 3411: 3301:

Schafer, A. (1998) "The global demand for motorized mobility."

2064: 2056: 2044: 1818: 1787: 1610: 1126: 999: 558: 6275:

Switching Gears: Enabling Access to Sustainable Urban Mobility

4510:"Transport Statistics Great Britain 2008: Section 9, Vehicles" 3820:"3D-Mapping Optimization of Embodied Energy of Transportation" 2043:

pushed several cities to adopt a plan to drastically increase

1951:

region, walking is the most popular way of transportation. In

7796: 5044:"Copenhagen has taken bicycle commuting to a whole new level" 4781:

Dasgupta, Susmita; Lall, Somik; Wheeler, David (2023-07-20).

3952:

International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering

3478: 2670:, the first mode of transport, is also the most sustainable. 2080: 2052: 2032:

Vehicle-miles traveled in the United States up to March 2009.

1779: 1626: 1538:, and accompanying dramatically increased health care costs. 1023: 793: 6075: 4539: 2862:

resources, and an integration of several different modes of

1079:

while long-term goals include migrating transportation from

6224:

Sustainable Transport, Mobility Management and Travel Plans

6175:

Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence

4542:"National and Regional Transport Policy in the Netherlands" 4153: 1681: 1445: 1290: 1091:. The entire life cycle of transport systems is subject to 1055: 1007: 891: 16:

Transport with sustainable social and environmental impacts

4846:"Climate change: Set target to cut car use, minister told" 3876:

The Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership

3718:

The Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership

3689:

The Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership

3660:

The Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership

3505:

Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister (UK).

2821: 2216:. Such claims can be legally challenged. For instance the 1243:

is more important than a focus on a single factor such as

6118:"Verkehrswende in München – Das Drama einer Umverteilung" 6063: 5384: 5362:. UK Social Exclusion Unit. February 2003. Archived from 5013:"On foot or by bike? While Paris walks, Amsterdam pedals" 4337:

Dzisi, Emmanuel Komla Junior; Lugada, Tracy (July 2021).

1764: 1727:

use. The social and economic sustainability of car-based

5576: 5546: 5339: 4158:"OECD's Economic Assessment of Biofuel Support Policies" 3382:"Air pollution: World's worst Environmental health risk" 2878:, and different ways of financing and spending money in 2271: 2018:

trend, 1939–2007, both nominal and adjusted to inflation

1239:

involves production, use and post-use considerations. A

7663:

UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)

6249: 5734:

ACCC: Green marketing and the Trade Practices Act, 2008

5654: 1657:

consistently linked transport to sustainability and to

1488:

Transport on rails boasts an excellent efficiency (see

8191:

International Conference on Population and Development

6195:, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, England, 2000. 3627:"European Union's End-of-life Vehicle (ELV) Directive" 2737:

Transport innovations dating from this period include

2125:

committed €314 million between 2018 and 2022 to green

1495: 1431:

than a regular combustion engine, are already common.

5594: 4420: 998:

used for road, water or air transport; the source of

6021:"Smarter Choices, Changing the Way we Travel page v" 4222:

KidsWalk-to-School: Resource Materials - DNPAO - CDC

3128: 1959:

62% of people commute to school or work by bicycle.

6226:, Ashgate Press, Farnham, Surrey, 2012, Enoch M P. 5870:"Online TDM Encyclopedia - About This Encyclopedia" 4780: 3775:

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

3122: 3048:

Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

1704:use and to enduring features of the city including 6255:German Partnership for Sustainable Mobility (GPSM) 5924:"March 18, 1662: The Bus Starts Here ... in Paris" 4931:"mobilizing sustainable transport for development" 4608:Transportation Research Record, 1780: 87-114. 2001 4129:Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 3817: 3241:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007). 2086: 1534:, causing and complicating a national epidemic of 246: 4216:U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3939: 1588:Cities are shaped by their transport systems. In 8314: 3601:Strategies for Managing Impacts from Automobiles 2226:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission 1817:Seven sustainable transportations in one photo ( 1440:Brazil met 17% of its transport fuel needs from 5506:Clean oceans and the blue economy Overview 2023 5377: 4908:Transportation Engineering Basics (2nd Edition) 4601:"Travel and the Built Environment: A Synthesis" 3743:"Van Hool presents the ExquiCity Design Mettis" 1902:Other states and nations have built efforts to 1066:, with poor households benefiting greatly from 7687:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 5960:. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 93. 5292:"Urban mobility gets a rethink after COVID-19" 5155:"14 gorgeous car-free cities around the world" 2769:shops and from workplaces, now referred to as 7812: 6789: 6295: 6115: 4910:. (American Society of Civil Engineers 2001). 4689:Published in the Sept 22nd 2012 print edition 4504: 4502: 3772: 3131:"Transport Technologies and Policy Scenarios" 3055:International Association of Public Transport 2344:Sustainable (green) transport infrastructure 1368:technology significantly reduces transport CO 960: 294: 6309: 6153:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 4. 5651:"BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009" 5125:"ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability" 4594: 4570: 4568: 4540:van den Hoorn, T & B van Luipen (2003). 3280:. US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. 3081: 2719:. Public investment in transit, walking and 2281:Directorate-General for Transport and Energy 2001:, e.g., limit or exclude the usage of cars. 1572:and showed a vision of the City of Tomorrow. 8216:United Nations world population conferences 6146: 6069: 5710:"Norways Says Cars Neither Green Nor Clean" 5601: 5586:. International Energy Agency. April 2023. 4336: 3568: 3536: 3390:United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 1638:The Death and Life of Great American Cities 1216:, as well as balanced regional development. 8129:Population and housing censuses by country 7819: 7805: 7758: 6796: 6782: 6302: 6288: 6245:Guiding Principles to Sustainable Mobility 5041: 4499: 4073: 1808: 1177:came into use as a logical follow-on from 967: 953: 328: 301: 287: 45: 7698:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) 6018: 4565: 4440: 4362: 4321: 3963: 3945: 3835: 3786: 3453:"What are connected autonomous vehicles?" 3250:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 1026:and terminals). Transport operations and 7852:Estimates of historical world population 7726:UN Conference on Sustainable Development 6395:Environmentally healthy community design 5727: 5503:Bank, European Investment (2023-08-17). 4843: 4303: 2820: 2247: 2234: 2171: 1824: 1812: 1710: 1675: 1609: 1560: 1499: 1388: 1379: 1344:in cities, and by enhancing the role of 1304: 1280: 1157: 18: 6088:. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 65–68. 6081: 5547:European Investment Bank (2023-09-11). 5210: 5010: 4870: 4475: 4191:. Transportation Research Board. 2001. 3714:"LEDS in Practice: Save money and time" 3577:. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. 3544:. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. 2243: 2067:. These plans were taken to facilitate 1262: 8315: 7296:Corporate environmental responsibility 5690:from the original on 29 September 2013 5602:McKerracher, Colin (12 January 2023). 5237: 5213:"'Car-Free Zones' Launching in London" 5177: 5152: 4180: 4178: 4032: 3985:Environmental Science & Technology 3979:Heather L. MacLean and Lester B. Lave 3474: 3472: 3236: 3234: 3232: 2807: 1530:Yet another impact was an increase in 462:List of low-energy building techniques 7800: 6777: 6283: 6177:, Island Press, Washington DC, 1999. 5610:from the original on 12 January 2023. 5183: 5050:from the original on 23 November 2021 4906:Murthy, A.S. Narasimha Mohle, Henry. 4385: 4304:Mattioli, Giulio (28 December 2017). 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 3824:Resources, Conservation and Recycling 3768: 3766: 3764: 3637:from the original on January 29, 2015 3103:10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2005)11:1(31) 2272:Possible measures for urban transport 1995:Cities for Climate Protection program 1297:driving system, developed by Belgian 8285: 7669:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983) 6019:Cairns, S; et al. (July 2004). 5502: 5496: 3852:from the original on 16 January 2014 3571:"Sustainable Transportation and TDM" 2697: 1845:Institute for Public Policy Research 1100:United Nations Environment Programme 8221:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement 6270:Transportation Research at IssueLab 6193:Sustainable Transportation Networks 5754:Drive.com.au: Coming clean on green 5549:Sustainable transport overview 2023 5531:"Review of maritime transport 2021" 5484:from the original on 8 January 2020 5284: 5082:from the original on April 12, 2016 4175: 4106:Global Fuel Economy Initiative 2021 3685:"LEDS in Practice: Make roads safe" 3479:World Health Organisation, Europe. 3469: 3229: 1997:. Some cities are trying to become 1803:C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group 1496:Transport and social sustainability 1408:Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario 1006:used to accommodate the transport ( 23:Possible scenario of clean mobility 13: 7311:Environmental full-cost accounting 6803: 6532:waste-water treatment technologies 5192:from the original on 22 April 2020 5042:KIRSCHBAUM, ERIK (8 August 2019). 5023:from the original on 7 August 2020 4019: 3761: 3608:from the original on March 4, 2016 3181: 3082:Jeon, C M; Amekudzi (March 2005), 2543:Car/driver license exit strategies 1338:environmental impacts of transport 14: 8334: 8113:Population and Development Review 7245:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity 6517:agricultural wastewater treatment 6238: 5622:"Transportation Energy Data Book" 5590:from the original on 12 May 2023. 5165:from the original on 7 April 2020 5105:http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au 4852:from the original on 22 June 2021 4247:"An interview with Dr Reid Ewing" 3872:"LEDS in Practice: Breathe clean" 3422:"LEDS in Practice: Breathe clean" 3319:"LEDS in Practice: Fight poverty" 3091:Journal of Infrastructure Systems 1986:passed legislation in 2010 – the 1838: 1490:fuel efficiency in transportation 130:Aspects of sustainable transport: 8297: 8296: 8284: 8161:Population concern organizations 7867:Projections of population growth 7757: 7746: 7745: 7715:UN Millennium Declaration (2000) 6470: 6109: 6038: 6012: 5987: 5978: 5947: 5916: 5887: 5862: 5843: 5823: 5804: 5454:from the original on 19 May 2020 5424:from the original on 10 May 2020 5272:from the original on 18 May 2020 5246:from the original on 11 May 2020 5219:from the original on 23 May 2020 5211:Corbett, Jessica (16 May 2020). 5070:"Transport Integration Act 2010" 5011:Vigneau, Laurent (30 May 2018). 4844:Harrabin, Roger (23 June 2021). 4787:Science of the Total Environment 4636:"New York City's Green Dividend" 4152: 2937:Environmental impact of shipping 2932:Environmental impact of aviation 2813:This section is an excerpt from 2747:transportation demand management 2682:began operation in 1807 and the 2644:Transportation management system 2602:Transportation demand management 2158: 2146: 2137: 2025: 2008: 1929: 1875: 1193:. One such definition, from the 933: 920: 919: 397:Energy efficiency implementation 270: 261:Index of sustainability articles 223:Transportation demand management 8262:Human impact on the environment 8196:Population Action International 7301:Corporate social responsibility 7230:Ocean thermal energy conversion 7169:Community-supported agriculture 6854:Human impact on the environment 6598:List of energy storage projects 6522:industrial wastewater treatment 6375:Environmental impact assessment 6345:Environmental impact assessment 6140: 6046:"Mitigating Traffic Congestion" 5967:from the original on 2021-02-22 5905:from the original on 2014-02-28 5876:from the original on 2010-07-06 5785: 5766: 5746: 5716:from the original on 2009-05-16 5702: 5672: 5661:from the original on 2011-06-08 5643: 5632:from the original on 2009-03-12 5614: 5563:"Transport Lending Policy 2022" 5555: 5540: 5523: 5466: 5436: 5406: 5395:from the original on 2011-06-04 5352: 5333: 5308: 5258: 5231: 5204: 5146: 5117: 5094: 5062: 5035: 5004: 4979: 4954: 4943:from the original on 2021-05-14 4923: 4913: 4900: 4891: 4864: 4837: 4807:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163691 4774: 4763:from the original on 2019-12-07 4745: 4719: 4708:from the original on 2014-03-25 4694: 4679:from the original on 2013-05-20 4659: 4648:from the original on 2021-02-07 4628: 4617:from the original on 2016-10-20 4588: 4533: 4488:from the original on 2009-02-03 4469: 4458:from the original on 2010-02-13 4434: 4414: 4379: 4330: 4297: 4286:from the original on 2021-04-13 4268: 4239: 4209: 4198:from the original on 2017-08-08 4146: 4113: 4097: 4086:from the original on 2021-08-25 4074:Hausfather, Zeke (2019-05-13). 4067: 4043: 3972: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3902: 3893: 3882:from the original on 2018-12-19 3864: 3846:10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.10.010 3811: 3735: 3724:from the original on 2016-11-11 3706: 3695:from the original on 2018-12-18 3677: 3666:from the original on 2016-11-11 3656:"LEDS in Practice: Create jobs" 3648: 3619: 3592: 3581:from the original on 2020-05-13 3562: 3551:from the original on 2018-05-16 3530: 3498: 3445: 3434:from the original on 2018-12-19 3400:from the original on 2016-04-14 3374: 3364:from the original on 2017-07-10 3342: 3331:from the original on 2016-06-24 3284:from the original on 2019-06-30 3259:from the original on 2008-07-18 3170:from the original on 2015-10-31 3112:from the original on 2016-03-03 2527:List of bicycle-sharing systems 2504:Public transport route planners 2431:Collective passenger transport 2376:Access management / enforcement 2199: 2087:Community and grassroots action 653:Ocean thermal energy conversion 8211:United Nations Population Fund 7826: 7541:Socially responsible marketing 5238:BUDRYK, ZACK (27 April 2020). 5184:Laker, Laura (21 April 2020). 5101:Transport Integration Act 2010 4879:(897). Key Publishing: 62–63. 3311: 3295: 3270: 3205: 3152: 3075: 2927:Energy efficiency in transport 2858:to sustainable transport with 2407:Integrated pricing strategies 1829:Carbon emissions per passenger 1684:, Mobility in Cities Database. 1083:to other alternatives such as 1: 7732:Sustainable Development Goals 7536:Socially responsible business 5153:Barber, Megan (17 May 2017). 5129:Cities for Climate Protection 4476:Hillman, Mayer (2014-08-10). 3481:"Health effects of transport" 3129:World Energy Council (2007). 3068: 2518:Less car intensive lifestyle 2258:European Cyclists' Federation 1833: 1796:persons with reduced mobility 1760:Action Plan on urban mobility 1153: 990:in terms of their social and 482:Passive solar building design 247:Sustainable transport toolbox 6116:Gianna Niewel (2020-03-02). 5932:. 2008-03-18. Archived from 5773:Commuting: Who pays the bill 5509:. European Investment Bank. 4667:"Seeing the back of the car" 4131:. 2013-08-07. Archived from 2739:high-occupancy vehicle lanes 2684:first passenger rail service 2634:Intermodal freight transport 2620:Clean vehicles / clean fleet 2597:Transit oriented development 2435:Accessible transport systems 2218:Norwegian Consumer Ombudsman 2214:environmental sustainability 1715:A bypass in the Old Town in 1578:Transit-oriented development 1398:vehicle, STEPS: IEA's 1114:and particulate matter make 1032:transit-oriented development 218:Transit-oriented development 188:Integrated transport network 7: 8236:World Population Foundation 8226:World Population Conference 8139:World population milestones 7561:Sustainability organization 7346:Standards and certification 6937:Social return on investment 6380:Environmental impact design 5712:. Reuters.com. 2007-09-06. 4478:"Children Key publications" 4446:"Lewis Mumford on the City" 4400:10.1080/0266543042000300537 4364:10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00741 3062:Michelin Challenge Bibendum 2894: 2765:system in the early 1980s. 2450:Demand responsive transport 1542:Car-based transport systems 1250: 940:Renewable energy portal 658:Renewable energy transition 10: 8339: 8108:Population and Environment 6986:Systemic change resistance 6738:High-performance buildings 5995:"White Paper on Transport" 5268:. The local. 12 May 2020. 5019:. La Fabrique de la Cité. 2812: 2659: 2655: 2287: 2176:Overall GHG from transport 1933: 1915:sustainable transportation 1863: 1729:transportation engineering 1581: 1575: 1421:internal combustion engine 1404:Announced Pledges Scenario 1362:this may not be the case. 1266: 1187:sustainable transportation 1162:Ekorent's electric car in 1093:sustainability measurement 1077:vehicle emissions controls 178:Human-powered land vehicle 8280: 8244: 8169: 8121: 8100: 8018:Human population planning 7983: 7929: 7880: 7842:Demographics of the world 7834: 7741: 7652: 7589: 7361: 7288: 7197: 7164:Climate-smart agriculture 7149: 7121: 7078: 7032: 6999: 6872: 6829: 6811: 6733:Heat recovery ventilation 6718:Environmental remediation 6643: 6546: 6479: 6468: 6335:Climate smart agriculture 6317: 5346:World Resources Institute 4641:. CEOs for Cities. 2009. 3965:10.1007/s40095-015-0160-6 3797:10.1080/15568311003650531 3303:Transportation Research A 3002:Sustainable aviation fuel 2962:Green transport hierarchy 2800:urban areas by over 20%. 2182:Oil price rises from 2003 1988:Transport Integration Act 1920: 1855:should be used more. The 1798:, families and children. 1556: 502:Sustainable refurbishment 256:Outline of sustainability 8023:Compulsory sterilization 7306:Environmental accounting 7055:Sustainable architecture 7045:Environmental technology 6723:Glass in green buildings 6667:sustainable architecture 6311:Environmental technology 5296:European Investment Bank 4427:The Geography of Nowhere 3457:European Investment Bank 3193:European Investment Bank 3012:Sustainable distribution 2997:Sustainable architecture 2917:Ecological modernization 2571:Personalised travel plan 2297:Animal-powered transport 2292:Clean fuels and vehicles 2222:environmentally friendly 2123:European Investment Bank 1857:Department for Transport 1479:animal powered transport 1400:Stated Policies Scenario 1112:greenhouse gas emissions 1048:carbon dioxide emissions 1044:world energy consumption 487:Sustainable architecture 442:Glass in green buildings 432:Environmental technology 362:Compact fluorescent lamp 7965:Malthusian growth model 7179:Sustainable agriculture 6082:Shiftan, Yoram (2016). 5763:. Retrieved 2009-10-04. 5743:. Retrieved 2009-10-04. 5626:US Department of Energy 3575:Online TDM Encyclopedia 2902:Alternatives to car use 2761:began implementing its 2757:in the late 1970s, and 2379:Car restricted zones / 2318:Human-powered transport 2098:An organization called 1809:Policies and governance 1782:) and competitiveness ( 1241:cradle-to-cradle design 1179:sustainable development 808:Human-powered transport 512:Tropical green building 447:Green building and wood 228:Transportation planning 183:Human-powered transport 8092:Zero population growth 8087:Sustainable population 8011:Malthusian catastrophe 7970:Overshoot (population) 7847:Demographic transition 7722:(Rio+10, Johannesburg) 7591:Sustainable management 7576:Urban drainage systems 7316:Environmental planning 7280:Water recycling shower 7270:Tidal stream generator 7065:Sustainable industries 7024:Sustainable population 7009:Demographic transition 6991:Tragedy of the commons 6713:Environmental movement 6410:Sustainability science 6400:Public interest design 6325:Appropriate technology 6048:. 2004. Archived from 5997:. 2004. Archived from 5859:, Retrieved 2019-01-31 5840:, Retrieved 2019-01-14 5820:, Retrieved 2019-01-14 5801:, Retrieved 2019-01-14 5782:, Retrieved 2019-01-14 4033:Bieker, Georg (2021). 3946:Trancossi, M. (2014). 2874:, a redistribution of 2841: 2836:for decades. With his 2797: 2253: 2240: 2177: 1830: 1822: 1720: 1685: 1629: 1573: 1512: 1475:human-powered vehicles 1411: 1386: 1317: 1302: 1295:diesel-electric hybrid 1227:and the generation of 1170: 904:Personal rapid transit 646:Tidal stream generator 507:Thermal energy storage 427:Environmental planning 163:Cycling infrastructure 24: 8323:Sustainable transport 8201:Population Connection 8065:Mere addition paradox 7904:Physiological density 7614:Humanistic capitalism 7429:Environmental finance 7070:Sustainable packaging 6592:hydrogen technologies 6506:Solid waste treatment 5474:"Sail Cargo Alliance" 5414:"About Fairtransport" 5046:. Los Angeles Times. 4422:James Howard Kunstler 4388:Planning Perspectives 4323:10.17645/si.v5i4.1081 3981:University of Toronto 3213:"Transport emissions" 2942:Free public transport 2828:has been criticising 2824: 2793: 2660:Further information: 2588:and New pedestrianism 2582:Transport management 2385:Multifunctional areas 2251: 2238: 2175: 1828: 1816: 1714: 1679: 1613: 1604:New York World's Fair 1582:Further information: 1564: 1503: 1392: 1383: 1308: 1284: 1237:life-cycle assessment 1175:sustainable transport 1161: 1133:and vulnerability to 980:Sustainable transport 748:Sustainable transport 693:Floating wind turbine 522:Zero heating building 437:Fossil fuel phase-out 213:Sustainable transport 87:Free public transport 39:Sustainable transport 22: 8231:World Population Day 8186:Church of Euthanasia 8075:Non-identity problem 8050:Political demography 8006:Human overpopulation 7581:Urban infrastructure 7275:Water heat recycling 7098:Conservation biology 6942:Steady-state economy 6917:Micro-sustainability 6902:Ecological footprint 6859:Planetary boundaries 6763:Water heat recycling 6693:Efficient energy use 6683:Conservation biology 6620:Sustainable lighting 6556:Efficient energy use 6370:Environmental Design 6340:Environmental design 5899:Transport for London 5478:Sail Cargo Alliuance 3631:End of Life Vehicles 3604:, US EPA Region 10, 3569:Todd Litman (2009). 3537:Todd Litman (1998). 3135:World Energy Council 3041:EcoMobility Alliance 3027:Wind-powered vehicle 2957:Green infrastructure 2662:History of transport 2492:Security, including 2460:Intermodal transfers 2455:Integrated ticketing 2416:Integrated ticketing 2373:Access restrictions 2244:Tools and incentives 1908:behavioral economics 1532:sedentary lifestyles 1263:Environmental impact 1191:sustainable mobility 1135:fuel price increases 882:Personal transporter 777:Wind-powered vehicle 621:Marine current power 527:Zero-energy building 387:Efficient energy use 277:Transport portal 112:Sustainable urbanism 8080:Reproductive rights 7911:Population dynamics 7862:Population momentum 7682:Earth Summit (1992) 7336:Metrics and indices 7189:Sustainable fishery 7108:Holocene extinction 6927:Product stewardship 6897:Earth Overshoot Day 6748:Nature conservation 6743:Land rehabilitation 6698:Energy conservation 6587:carbon-neutral fuel 6495:dispersion modeling 6123:Süddeutsche Zeitung 5831:Umhverfisstofnunar. 5320:blogs.worldbank.org 4799:2023ScTEn.883p3691D 4355:2021SciAf..1200741D 3007:Sustainable biofuel 2870:. It also includes 2844:Mobility transition 2815:Mobility transition 2808:Mobility transition 2678:in 1662. The first 2500:Travel information 2208:is often used as a 2116:Sail Cargo Alliance 1904:translate knowledge 1756:European Commission 1591:The City in History 1342:cycling environment 1331:Theodore Von Karman 1221:renewable resources 1214:competitive economy 1089:renewable resources 1081:fossil-based energy 569:Carbon-neutral fuel 497:Sustainable habitat 352:Building insulation 340:Energy conservation 316:Part of a series on 208:Road traffic safety 148:Carbon neutral fuel 8206:Population Matters 7921:Population pyramid 7899:Population density 7894:Population decline 7141:Sustainable energy 7103:Endangered species 7060:Sustainable design 6974:Consumer behaviour 6566:Energy development 6548:Sustainable energy 6537:water purification 6501:Industrial ecology 5895:"Walking benefits" 5855:2019-03-21 at the 5836:2019-01-14 at the 5816:2019-03-25 at the 5797:2019-03-25 at the 5778:2017-07-25 at the 5759:2012-02-22 at the 5739:2010-12-12 at the 5444:"New Dawn Traders" 5110:2011-02-05 at the 4595:Ewing, Reid & 4585:Murdoch University 4581:2008-09-09 at the 4343:Scientific African 2842: 2826:Hermann Knoflacher 2755:congestion pricing 2732:1979 energy crisis 2576:Walking school bus 2484:Quality of service 2421:Parking management 2411:Congestion pricing 2254: 2241: 2178: 2073:traffic congestion 1831: 1823: 1721: 1708:and urban design. 1686: 1630: 1574: 1513: 1427:to achieve better 1412: 1387: 1318: 1303: 1171: 1148:sustainable cities 1143:transport planning 1139:Traffic congestion 1108:particulate matter 1095:and optimization. 982:refers to ways of 584:Geothermal heating 412:Energy saving lamp 322:Sustainable energy 25: 8310: 8309: 8181:7 Billion Actions 8055:Population ethics 7948:Carrying capacity 7857:Population growth 7794: 7793: 7720:Earth Summit 2002 7703:Lisbon Principles 7675:Our Common Future 7353:Sustainable yield 7159:Civic agriculture 6912:Green consumption 6849:Global governance 6771: 6770: 6608:commercialization 6232:978-0-7546-7939-4 6218:978-1-84407-665-9 6181:and Kenworthy J, 5680:"A New Direction" 5516:978-92-861-5518-5 3997:10.1021/es034574q 3991:(23): 5445–5452. 3017:Transport ecology 2987:Road reallocation 2864:private transport 2852:freight transport 2763:Bus Rapid Transit 2713:land use planning 2698:Mass motorization 2653: 2652: 2440:Bus rapid transit 2402:/ speed reduction 2313:Electric vehicles 2131:energy efficiency 2069:social distancing 2051:; these included 2041:COVID-19 pandemic 1980:state of Victoria 1976:Vancouver, Canada 1870:Freiburg, Germany 1690:private transport 1671:Vancouver, Canada 1659:land-use planning 1444:in 2007, but the 1423:combined with an 1287:bus rapid transit 1245:energy efficiency 1212:, and supports a 1106:, a component of 1087:and use of other 977: 976: 574:Geothermal energy 311: 310: 54:Also relevant to: 8330: 8300: 8299: 8288: 8287: 8257:Green Revolution 8038:Two-child policy 8033:One-child policy 7956: 7916:Population model 7872:World population 7821: 7814: 7807: 7798: 7797: 7761: 7760: 7749: 7748: 7693:Agenda 21 (1992) 7664: 7629:Natural resource 7516:Organic movement 7491:Impact investing 7210:Hydroelectricity 7184:Sustainable diet 7136:Renewable energy 7131:Carbon footprint 7113:Invasive species 7050:Natural building 7001:World population 6962:Marketing myopia 6922:Over-consumption 6892:Circular economy 6887:Anti-consumerism 6844:Environmentalism 6798: 6791: 6784: 6775: 6774: 6708:Energy recycling 6629:electric vehicle 6603:Renewable energy 6577:alternative fuel 6527:sewage treatment 6511:Waste management 6474: 6365:Energy recycling 6360:Electric vehicle 6330:Clean technology 6304: 6297: 6290: 6281: 6280: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6079: 6073: 6070:Adey et al. 2021 6067: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6027:on June 14, 2007 6023:. 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The Guardian. 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5121: 5115: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5081: 5074: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4942: 4935: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4729:. Archived from 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4698: 4692: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4647: 4640: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4605: 4592: 4586: 4572: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4553: 4547:. Archived from 4546: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4521: 4515:. 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Archived from 3126: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3111: 3088: 3079: 2982:Michael Replogle 2922:Electric bicycle 2907:Circular economy 2868:public transport 2860:renewable energy 2672:Public transport 2629:Fleet management 2480:Public transport 2328:Hydrogen vehicle 2286: 2285: 2162: 2150: 2127:marine transport 2029: 2012: 1972:Portland, Oregon 1968:Bogota, Colombia 1964:Curitiba, Brazil 1883:greenhouse gases 1853:public transport 1849:active transport 1702:public transport 1667:Portland, Oregon 1663:Curitiba, Brazil 1642:Donald Appleyard 1636:, in particular 1517:public transport 1462:public transport 1366:Electric vehicle 1346:public transport 1203:ecosystem health 1085:renewable energy 969: 962: 955: 942: 938: 937: 928: 923: 922: 760:Electric vehicle 609:Run-of-the-river 594:Hydroelectricity 579:Geothermal power 540:Renewable energy 492:Sustainable city 467:Low-energy house 407:Energy recycling 332: 313: 312: 303: 296: 289: 275: 274: 203:Public transport 168:Electric vehicle 153:Complete streets 143:Bicycle-friendly 107:Sustainable city 102:Renewable energy 49: 27: 26: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8313: 8312: 8311: 8306: 8276: 8240: 8174: 8172: 8165: 8117: 8096: 8045:Overconsumption 8028:Family planning 7985: 7979: 7952: 7936: 7933: 7925: 7887: 7884: 7876: 7830: 7825: 7795: 7790: 7737: 7662: 7654: 7653:Agreements and 7648: 7585: 7389:Climate finance 7357: 7284: 7240:Reclaimed water 7193: 7145: 7117: 7074: 7028: 7014:Family planning 6995: 6868: 6825: 6807: 6802: 6772: 6767: 6728:Green computing 6703:Energy recovery 6639: 6571:Energy recovery 6561:Electrification 6542: 6488:Air pollution ( 6475: 6466: 6313: 6308: 6241: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6143: 6138: 6137: 6128: 6126: 6114: 6110: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6080: 6076: 6068: 6064: 6055: 6053: 6044: 6043: 6039: 6030: 6028: 6017: 6013: 6004: 6002: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5939: 5937: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5908: 5906: 5893: 5892: 5888: 5879: 5877: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5857:Wayback Machine 5848: 5844: 5838:Wayback Machine 5828: 5824: 5818:Wayback Machine 5809: 5805: 5799:Wayback Machine 5790: 5786: 5780:Wayback Machine 5771: 5767: 5761:Wayback Machine 5751: 5747: 5741:Wayback Machine 5732: 5728: 5719: 5717: 5708: 5707: 5703: 5693: 5691: 5678: 5677: 5673: 5664: 5662: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5635: 5633: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5599: 5595: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5545: 5541: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5517: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5412: 5411: 5407: 5398: 5396: 5389:GreenXC Website 5383: 5382: 5378: 5369: 5367: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5338: 5334: 5325: 5323: 5322:. 24 April 2020 5314: 5313: 5309: 5300: 5298: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5275: 5273: 5264: 5263: 5259: 5249: 5247: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5151: 5147: 5138: 5136: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5112:Wayback Machine 5103:, Part 2 - see 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5040: 5036: 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3926: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3885: 3883: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3837:10.1.1.394.9520 3816: 3812: 3788:10.1.1.233.1827 3771: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3727: 3725: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3698: 3696: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3669: 3667: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3640: 3638: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3611: 3609: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3584: 3582: 3567: 3563: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3535: 3531: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3490: 3488: 3477: 3470: 3461: 3459: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3437: 3435: 3420: 3419: 3412: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3334: 3332: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3300: 3296: 3287: 3285: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3245: 3239: 3230: 3221: 3219: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3197: 3195: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3171: 3164:climate.dot.gov 3158: 3157: 3153: 3144: 3142: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3086: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3031: 2947:Freeway removal 2897: 2892: 2891: 2818: 2810: 2728:1973 oil crisis 2707:and identified 2700: 2664: 2658: 2561:Travel blending 2511:journey planner 2475:Park & Ride 2400:Traffic calming 2395:Pedestrian zone 2323:Hybrid vehicles 2274: 2246: 2206:green transport 2202: 2194:Great Recession 2170: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2140: 2089: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2013: 1999:car-free cities 1938: 1932: 1923: 1878: 1866: 1841: 1836: 1811: 1772: 1586: 1580: 1559: 1550: 1498: 1429:fuel efficiency 1425:electric engine 1419:, which use an 1417:Hybrid vehicles 1371: 1279: 1267:Main articles: 1265: 1253: 1156: 1073:fuel efficiency 973: 932: 931: 918: 911: 910: 750: 740: 739: 542: 532: 531: 517:Waste-to-energy 472:Microgeneration 402:Energy recovery 342: 307: 269: 193:Pedestrian zone 117:Transit village 17: 12: 11: 5: 8336: 8326: 8325: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8294: 8281: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8274: 8272:Sustainability 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8248: 8246: 8245:Related topics 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8177: 8175: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8163: 8158: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8136: 8134:Largest cities 8131: 8125: 8123: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8115: 8110: 8104: 8102: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8015: 8014: 8013: 8003: 7995: 7989: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7954:I = P × A × T 7950: 7945: 7939: 7937: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7907: 7906: 7896: 7890: 7888: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7831: 7824: 7823: 7816: 7809: 7801: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7767: 7755: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7735: 7729: 7728:(Rio+20, 2012) 7723: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7684: 7679: 7671: 7666: 7658: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7595: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7474:Infrastructure 7471: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7404:Eco-capitalism 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7321:Sustainability 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7292: 7290: 7289:Accountability 7286: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7155: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7084: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7036: 7034: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6947:Sustainability 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6882:Anthropization 6878: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6835: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6823: 6818: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6805:Sustainability 6801: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6778: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6634:hybrid vehicle 6631: 6625:Transportation 6622: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6600: 6595: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6540: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6492: 6485: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6412: 6407: 6405:Sustainability 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6385:Green building 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6350:Eco-innovation 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6307: 6306: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6240: 6239:External links 6237: 6236: 6235: 6221: 6207: 6190: 6172: 6159: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6108: 6094: 6074: 6062: 6037: 6011: 5986: 5977: 5946: 5915: 5886: 5861: 5842: 5822: 5803: 5784: 5765: 5745: 5726: 5701: 5671: 5642: 5613: 5593: 5575: 5554: 5539: 5522: 5515: 5495: 5465: 5435: 5405: 5376: 5351: 5332: 5307: 5283: 5257: 5230: 5203: 5176: 5145: 5116: 5093: 5061: 5034: 5003: 4978: 4953: 4922: 4912: 4899: 4890: 4863: 4836: 4773: 4744: 4718: 4693: 4675:. 2012-09-22. 4658: 4627: 4587: 4564: 4532: 4498: 4468: 4433: 4413: 4378: 4329: 4316:(4): 147–160. 4296: 4282:. 2018-08-06. 4267: 4238: 4208: 4174: 4145: 4112: 4096: 4066: 4042: 4018: 3971: 3958:(4): 425–448. 3938: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3901: 3892: 3863: 3830:(2): 435–453. 3810: 3760: 3749:on 5 June 2013 3734: 3705: 3676: 3647: 3618: 3591: 3561: 3529: 3497: 3468: 3444: 3410: 3373: 3341: 3310: 3294: 3269: 3228: 3204: 3180: 3151: 3121: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3022:Urban vitality 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2952:Green building 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2880:urban planning 2834:car dependency 2819: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2717:public transit 2709:induced demand 2705:Urban Planning 2699: 2696: 2688:Pedal bicycles 2680:passenger tram 2657: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2639:Route planning 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2557:Soft measures 2553: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2516: 2515: 2514: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2494:transit police 2490: 2488:Rail transport 2485: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2397: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2381:living streets 2377: 2371: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2355: 2350: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2304: 2299: 2273: 2270: 2245: 2242: 2201: 2198: 2164: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2088: 2085: 2031: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2014: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2003: 1931: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1912:evidence-based 1900: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1877: 1874: 1865: 1862: 1840: 1839:United Kingdom 1837: 1835: 1832: 1810: 1807: 1770: 1621:near downtown 1576:Main article: 1570:General Motors 1558: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1497: 1494: 1467:electric buses 1458:fuel-efficient 1369: 1356:Green vehicles 1315:Guatemala City 1264: 1261: 1252: 1249: 1233: 1232: 1217: 1210:transport mode 1206: 1195:European Union 1183:sustainability 1155: 1152: 1004:infrastructure 984:transportation 975: 974: 972: 971: 964: 957: 949: 946: 945: 944: 943: 929: 913: 912: 909: 908: 907: 906: 896: 895: 894: 887:Rail transport 884: 879: 878: 877: 872: 867: 862: 860:Roller skating 857: 856: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 833:Cycle rickshaw 830: 820: 815: 805: 804: 803: 798: 797: 796: 789:Human-electric 784:Hybrid vehicle 781: 780: 779: 774: 769: 768: 767: 751: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 736: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 675: 670: 665: 663:Renewable heat 660: 655: 650: 649: 648: 643: 638: 628: 623: 618: 617: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 555: 554: 543: 538: 537: 534: 533: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 452:Green building 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 422:Energy storage 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 343: 338: 337: 334: 333: 325: 324: 318: 317: 309: 308: 306: 305: 298: 291: 283: 280: 279: 266: 265: 264: 263: 258: 250: 249: 243: 242: 241: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 198:Plug-in hybrid 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 138:15-minute city 132: 131: 127: 126: 125: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 72:Climate change 69: 64: 56: 55: 51: 50: 42: 41: 35: 34: 32:sustainability 30:A subtopic of 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8335: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8303: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8283: 8282: 8279: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8252:Bennett's law 8250: 8249: 8247: 8243: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8173:organizations 8168: 8162: 8159: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8141: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8012: 8009: 8008: 8007: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7982: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7960:Kaya identity 7958: 7955: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7928: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7879: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7817: 7815: 7810: 7808: 7803: 7802: 7799: 7787: 7786: 7782: 7780: 7779: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7756: 7754: 7753: 7744: 7743: 7740: 7733: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7710: 7709:Earth Charter 7707: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7651: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7599:Environmental 7597: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7531:Refurbishment 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7521:Organizations 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7434:Green economy 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7419:Eco-socialism 7417: 7415: 7414:Eco-investing 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7399:Disinvestment 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7360: 7354: 7351: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7287: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7220:Marine energy 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7174:Cultured meat 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7148: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7077: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6932:Simple living 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6794: 6792: 6787: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6678: 6677:New Classical 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6451:refurbishment 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414:Sustainable ( 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6390:Green vehicle 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6355:Ecotechnology 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6305: 6300: 6298: 6293: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6205:1-84064-357-9 6202: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6187:1-55963-660-2 6184: 6180: 6176: 6173: 6162: 6160:9781786998989 6156: 6152: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6097: 6095:9781317007302 6091: 6087: 6086: 6078: 6071: 6066: 6052:on 2018-12-08 6051: 6047: 6041: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6001:on 2010-02-06 6000: 5996: 5990: 5981: 5963: 5956: 5950: 5936:on 2009-05-22 5935: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5919: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5858: 5854: 5851: 5846: 5839: 5835: 5832: 5826: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5807: 5800: 5796: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5769: 5762: 5758: 5755: 5749: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5730: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5689: 5686:. U.S. PIRG. 5685: 5681: 5675: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5597: 5589: 5585: 5579: 5571: 5564: 5558: 5550: 5543: 5532: 5526: 5518: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5499: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5423: 5419: 5418:Fairtransport 5415: 5409: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5366:on 2008-05-21 5365: 5361: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5336: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5271: 5267: 5261: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5164: 5161:. Vox Media. 5160: 5156: 5149: 5135:on 2009-03-07 5134: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5097: 5078: 5071: 5065: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5007: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4939: 4932: 4926: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4894: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4867: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4777: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4732: 4728: 4722: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4690: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4672:The Economist 4668: 4662: 4644: 4637: 4631: 4613: 4609: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4554:on 2011-07-24 4550: 4543: 4536: 4522:on 2009-01-03 4518: 4511: 4505: 4503: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4457: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4442:Lewis Mumford 4437: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4257:on 2006-03-15 4256: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4228:on 2010-03-09 4227: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4194: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4164:on 2009-05-15 4163: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4135:on 2013-12-31 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4108: 4107: 4100: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4038: 4037: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3942: 3933: 3924: 3915: 3905: 3896: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3595: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3519:on 2010-09-07 3515: 3508: 3501: 3487:on 2010-04-30 3486: 3482: 3475: 3473: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3383: 3377: 3360: 3353: 3352: 3345: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3314: 3308:(6), 455-477. 3307: 3304: 3298: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3255: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3141:on 2008-12-04 3140: 3136: 3132: 3125: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2992:Solar vehicle 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2967:Hypermobility 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2876:public spaces 2873: 2872:social change 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2676:Blaise Pascal 2673: 2669: 2663: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2362:foreshoreways 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2338:Sailing ships 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2250: 2237: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2183: 2174: 2161: 2149: 2138:Recent trends 2135: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2112:sailing ships 2108: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2077:New York City 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2039:In 2020, the 2028: 2017: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1949:Ile-de-France 1946: 1941: 1937: 1930:At city level 1927: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1876:United States 1873: 1871: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1827: 1820: 1815: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1790:problems and 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1776:air pollution 1773: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1743:The Economist 1739: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1706:urban density 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1647: 1646:Mayer Hillman 1643: 1639: 1635: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1619:Interstate 45 1616: 1615:Interstate 10 1612: 1608: 1605: 1602:In 1939, the 1600: 1597: 1596:Lewis Mumford 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Retrieved 3139:the original 3124: 3114:, retrieved 3094: 3090: 3077: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3033: 3032: 2838:walking gear 2837: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2786: 2782:Peter Newman 2779: 2775:just in time 2771:urban sprawl 2767: 2753:implemented 2745:systems and 2736: 2725: 2701: 2692:World War II 2665: 2613:Sustainable 2586:New urbanism 2522:Bike sharing 2445:Bus services 2275: 2255: 2229: 2205: 2203: 2200:Greenwashing 2190:Baby Boomers 2187: 2179: 2120: 2109: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2038: 1992: 1961: 1942: 1939: 1936:Urban sprawl 1924: 1901: 1879: 1867: 1843:In 2021 the 1842: 1800: 1758:adopted the 1753: 1741: 1722: 1687: 1651: 1631: 1601: 1589: 1587: 1584:Carfree city 1551: 1540: 1529: 1514: 1487: 1455: 1451:food vs fuel 1439: 1433: 1413: 1364: 1354: 1335: 1328: 1319: 1273:electric bus 1254: 1234: 1190: 1186: 1174: 1172: 1124: 1104:black carbon 1097: 1060: 979: 978: 838:Kick scooter 823:Land vehicle 747: 392:Energy audit 357:Cogeneration 212: 122:Urban design 97:New Urbanism 67:Carfree city 38: 7984:Society and 7943:Biocapacity 7655:conferences 7526:Procurement 7469:Development 7369:Advertising 7331:Measurement 7265:Tidal power 7260:Small hydro 7225:Micro hydro 7088:Biosecurity 7040:Appropriate 6969:Sustainable 6952:Advertising 6874:Consumption 6864:Development 6688:Ecoforestry 6446:procurement 6431:development 6416:agriculture 6166:26 February 6101:26 February 5811:CycleScheme 2977:Modal share 2912:Cyclability 2888:environment 2850:(including 2830:auto cities 2791:stated that 2741:, citywide 2607:Walkability 2592:TDM Toolbox 2566:Travel plan 2539:Car sharing 2534:Car pooling 2470:Paratransit 1792:demographic 1725:fossil fuel 1634:Jane Jacobs 1435:Natural gas 1375:Nissan Leaf 1225:use of land 1120:air quality 1030:as well as 988:sustainable 843:Quadracycle 698:Forecasting 631:Tidal power 614:Small hydro 599:Micro hydro 552:Sustainable 417:Energy Star 233:Walkability 158:Cyclability 82:Ecodistrict 8171:Events and 7986:population 7932:Population 7883:Population 7828:Population 7546:Sanitation 7501:Livelihood 7424:Ecovillage 7409:Eco-cities 7326:Accounting 7235:Pico hydro 7215:Hydropower 7033:Technology 6831:Principles 6657:insulation 6650:Building ( 6613:transition 6456:technology 6441:industries 6197:Nagurney A 6129:2020-03-05 6056:2009-07-04 6031:2008-07-27 6005:2009-07-04 5971:2008-08-30 5940:2009-05-16 5909:2009-05-16 5880:2010-05-24 5720:2009-10-04 5694:15 October 5665:2010-05-14 5636:2010-05-14 5600:Data from 5399:2021-11-23 5370:2008-07-22 5326:2022-09-01 5301:2022-09-01 5139:2009-03-18 4997:2022-01-04 4972:2022-01-04 4947:2021-09-07 4793:: 163691. 4767:2019-12-11 4712:2014-03-25 4683:2012-09-23 4652:2010-05-15 4621:2008-07-22 4558:2008-07-27 4526:2009-03-18 4492:2009-03-18 4462:2009-03-18 4349:: e00741. 4290:2021-04-13 4261:2008-07-25 4232:2008-07-22 4202:2008-07-22 4168:2009-07-31 4139:2013-12-31 4090:2021-06-05 4060:2023-09-20 3886:2016-05-25 3728:2021-09-07 3699:2021-09-07 3670:2021-09-07 3585:2009-04-07 3555:2009-03-18 3523:2003-02-01 3491:2008-08-29 3462:2023-08-21 3438:2016-05-25 3404:2016-05-25 3368:2012-11-21 3335:2016-05-25 3288:2009-03-18 3263:2009-05-26 3222:2022-09-01 3198:2022-09-01 3174:2015-11-15 3145:2009-05-26 3116:2012-11-21 3069:References 2886:) and the 2884:collisions 2866:and local 2789:Tony Blair 2617:transport 2508:intermodal 2391:management 1957:Copenhagen 1934:See also: 1917:policies. 1834:By country 1784:congestion 1738:carsharing 1661:, notably 1504:A tram in 1473:and other 1442:bioethanol 1360:life cycle 1311:Transmetro 1277:light rail 1154:Definition 1116:low carbon 1068:low carbon 1002:; 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