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652:... from the third hour (9 am) until midday, we saw left and right from the Sun what looked like two other Suns: they did not shine like the big one, but smaller in appearance and radiance they reddened moderately. Above their circle a halo appeared, shining very brightly, extending in its breadth as if it were some kind of city. Inside this circle a half-circle appeared, similar to a rainbow, distinct in its fourfold color, in the higher part curved towards the two aforementioned Suns, touching them in an embrace of the Sun.
785:
36:
816:; "The Sundog Painting", literally "The Weather Sun Painting") is arguably also one of the oldest known depictions of a halo display, including a pair of sun dogs. For two hours in the morning of 20 April 1535, the skies over the city were filled with white circles and arcs crossing the sky, while additional suns (i.e., sun dogs) appeared around the sun. The phenomenon quickly resulted in rumours of an
239:, which forms a ring at roughly the same angular distance from the sun as the sun dogs, thus appearing to interconnect them. As the Sun rises higher, the rays passing through the plate crystals are increasingly skewed from the horizontal plane, causing their angle of deviation to increase and the sun dogs to move farther from the 22° halo, while staying at the same elevation.
178:
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their ends pointed away from each other. And this I, Jakob, saw with my own eyes, and many brothers and sisters saw it with me. After a while the two suns and rainbows disappeared, and only the one sun remained. Even though the other two suns were not as bright as the one, they were clearly visible. I feel this was no small miracle…
922:"Part of the time we marched in the teeth of a biting storm of snow, and at every hour of the day the sun could be discerned sulking behind soft grey mists in company with rivals, known in the language of the plains as 'Sun-dogs', whose parahelic splendors warned the traveler of the approach of the ever-to-be-dreaded 'blizzard'."
220:, bending the light rays passing through them with a minimum deflection of 22°. As the crystals gently float downwards with their large hexagonal faces almost horizontal, sunlight is refracted horizontally, and sun dogs are seen to the left and right of the Sun. Larger plates wobble more, and thus produce taller sun dogs.
609:
Be it so, said Tubero; and since you invite me to discussion, and present the opportunity, let us first examine, before any one else arrives, what can be the nature of the parhelion, or double sun, which was mentioned in the senate. Those that affirm they witnessed this prodigy are neither few nor
740:
My beloved children, I want to tell you that on the day after the departure of our brothers Kuntz and Michel, on a Friday, we saw three suns in the sky for a good long time, about an hour, as well as two rainbows. These had their backs turned toward each other, almost touching in the middle, and
839:
scholar, ordered a painting to be produced documenting the event. When confronted with the painting, the King, however, interpreted it as a conspiracy — the real sun, of course, being himself —threatened by competing fake suns, one being Olaus Petri and the other the clergyman and scholar
570:
III.2, 372a14) notes that "two mock suns rose with the sun and followed it all through the day until sunset." He says that "mock suns" are always to the side, never above or below, most commonly at sunrise or sunset, more rarely in the middle of the day.
223:
Sun dogs are red-colored at the side nearest the Sun; farther out the colors grade through oranges to blue. The colors overlap considerably and are muted, never pure or saturated. The colors of the sun dog finally merge into the white of the
925:
On 14 February 2020, the people of Inner
Mongolia Autonomous Region witnessed a different complex halo display called the Five-fold sun miracle, in which all five sun halos were linked to each other by rays, forming a circle among them.
235:, meaning that these two types of halo tend to co-occur. The latter is often missed by viewers, since it is located more or less directly overhead. Another halo variety often seen together with sun dogs is the
121:
above the horizon as the Sun. They can be seen anywhere in the world during any season, but are not always obvious or bright. Sun dogs are best seen and most conspicuous when the Sun is near the horizon.
769:, which is 28 October. The Thursday after was 30 October. It is likely that the "two rainbows with their backs turned toward each other, almost touching" involved two further halo phenomena, possibly a
844:(1470–1552). Both were thus accused of treachery, but eventually escaped capital punishment. The original painting is lost, but a copy from the 1630s survives and can still be seen in the church
634:
says "What is the cause of the prismatic colours of the rainbow, or of the appearance in heaven of two rival images of the sun, with sundry other phenomena treated in a monumental volume by
301:, being one of the most common varieties). However, sun dogs represent just one of many different types of halos. For referring to the atmospheric phenomenon in general, the term
1428:
p. 125 Artemidorus – The
Interpretation Of Dreams Oneirocritica by Artemidorus Translation and Commentary by Robert J. White c. 1975 1990 Original Books, Inc. 2nd Edition
700:, convinced his initially frightened troops that it represented the three sons of the Duke of York, and Edward's troops won a decisive victory. The event was dramatized by
985:
1515:
582:, lines 880–891) mentions parhelia as part of his catalogue of Weather Signs; according to him, they can indicate rain, wind, or an approaching storm.
663:
And also abowte Ester was sene in Sussex three sonnes shenynge at one tyme in the eyer, that thei cowde not dysserne wych shulde be the very sonne.
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on 31 October 1533. The original was written in German and is from a letter originally sent in
November 1533 from Auspitz in Moravia to the
1332:
919:
was referred to as the 'Winter of Three Suns' and was unusually cold with 15 days of temperatures between 3–10 degrees below zero.
1239:
Folk-etymology: A Dictionary of Verbal
Corruptions Or Words Perverted in Form Or Meaning, by False Derivation Or Mistaken Analogy
328:
Folk-etymology: A Dictionary of Verbal
Corruptions Or Words Perverted in Form Or Meaning, by False Derivation Or Mistaken Analogy
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761:. The Kuntz Maurer and Michel Schuster mentioned in the letter left Hutter on the Thursday after the feast day of
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The phenomena of false suns which sometimes attend or dog the true when seen through the mist (
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hunting the Sun and the Moon, one after and one before, may be a possible origin for the term.
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A somewhat common misconception among the general public is to refer to any member of the ice
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in 1461 is supposed to have involved the appearance of a halo display with three "suns". The
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It is possible to predict the forms of sun dogs as would be seen on other planets and moons.
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The same plate-shaped ice crystals that cause sun dogs are also responsible for the colorful
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A series of complex parhelia displays in Rome in 1629, and again in 1630, were described by
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in the atmosphere. Sun dogs typically appear as a pair of subtly colored patches of light,
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during the 1520s and for being heavy-handed with his enemies allied with the Danish king.
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1516:"The Mortimer's Cross Parhelion: How a Meteorological Phenomenon Changed English History"
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While mostly known and often quoted for being the oldest color depiction of the city of
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605:(54–51 BC) is one of many Roman authors who refer to sun dogs and similar phenomena:
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unworthy of credit, so that there is more reason for investigation than incredulity.
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in 1535 and the celestial phenomenon at the time interpreted as an ominous presage
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4 point Sun dog with complete 360 degree ring in
Shubarkurduk, Kazachstan
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This article is about the atmospheric phenomenon. For other uses, see
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529:, 'weather/wind'). This is in turn related to the Anglo-Cornish term
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1368:. Federation of Old Cornwall Societies. pp. 61, 104, 155, 172.
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makes an incidental reference to sun dogs in the first book of his
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Seneca, Ricerche sulla Natura, P. Parroni editor, Mondadori, 2010
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in
English as a verb can mean "hunt, track, or follow", so
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that consists of a bright spot to one or both sides of the
773:(prone to co-occur with sun dogs) together with a partial
177:
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91:
1624:
J. C. Payne (1905–1984) Scrapbooks (newspaper clippings)
986:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1716:
Starry Night Photography – Sun Dog, Sun Halo, Moon Halo
1738:– A phenomenon that occurred during the launch of the
212:, or drifting in freezing moist air at low levels as
1504:
Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 2.35.4
1176:
26:"Parhelion" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1745:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (8 November 2011).
401:Alternatively, Jonas Persson suggested that out of
246:
might have sun dogs formed by both water-ice and CO
1626:. Harbour Grace Public Library. Harbour Grace, NL.
728:Another early clear description of sun dogs is by
117:to the left and right of the Sun, and at the same
1547:. Rifton, NY: Plough Publishing. pp. 20–21.
1480:"The Apologia and Florida of Apuleius of Madaura"
910:
193:of light from horizontally oriented plate-shaped
1772:
981:"American Heritage Dictionary Entry — parhelion"
125:
30:, the inner orbital extreme of a planetary body.
1744:
1050:
880:, described by Georg Fehlau in a pamphlet, the
367:
1150:
146:, a 22° halo, and part of the parhelic circle.
1364:Nance, Robert Morton; Pool, P. A. S. (1963).
626:The 2nd-century Roman writer and philosopher
533:for a halo round the Sun or the Moon, also a
524:
518:
512:
373:
94:. Two sun dogs often flank the Sun within a
831:Hoping to end speculations, the Chancellor
47:(the arcs passing through each sun dog), a
1308:
1639:Mackenzie's Last Fight with the Cheyennes
1363:
915:In 1843, winter in the British Colony of
101:The sun dog is a member of the family of
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745:The observation most likely occurred in
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176:
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34:
1568:Schaaf, Fred (November–December 1997),
1486:. Translated by H.E. Butler. p. 16
674:, Printed for the Camden society, 1852
1773:
1747:"Jumping Sundog video and explanation"
1636:
1630:
1612:, Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy
1567:
1539:
1533:
1444:
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671:Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London
297:family as a "sun dog" (especially the
1513:
820:of God's forthcoming revenge on King
285:is also known as a "leaping Sundog".
1477:
1313:. Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc
656:
185:Sun dogs are commonly caused by the
1380:"Meteorology by Aristotle – Part 2"
723:
549:Sun dog phenomenon depicted in the
13:
1675:
1610:René Descartes – Metaphysical turn
1514:Young, Jennifer (2 October 2011).
1280:
1182:
1156:
884:, and again the following year by
872:On 20 February 1661 the people of
824:(1496–1560) for having introduced
788:The so-called "Sun Dog Painting" (
350:here is no doubt the same word as
342:is a light spot near the sun, and
14:
1797:
1703:
1641:. Argonaut Press Ltd. p. 10.
1621:
648:(1127) that on February 23, 1106
323:says it is "of obscure origin".
181:Parhelion seen in central London
43:. Also visible are parts of the
1687:Light and Color in the Outdoors
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1615:
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1366:A Glossary of Cornish Sea-Words
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363:
317:largely remains a mystery. The
270:—other crystals form clouds of
1259:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1125:
1100:
1075:
1025:
1000:
973:
911:Late modern era to current day
890:Mercurius in Sole visus Gedani
288:
16:Atmospheric optical phenomenon
1:
1781:Atmospheric optical phenomena
1458:. pp. (260), 367, (369).
1409:Theoi Classical Texts Library
1384:The Internet Classics Archive
1236:Palmer, Abram Smythe (1882).
966:
346:are the light watery clouds;
126:Formation and characteristics
51:(the vertical line), and the
1752:Astronomy Picture of the Day
1159:"Sundogs & Sun Altitude"
558:
480:
468:
456:
326:In Abram Palmer's 1882 book
308:
228:(if the latter is visible).
7:
1451:On the Commonwealth, Book 1
1288:Online Etymology Dictionary
946:Corona (optical phenomenon)
929:
354:, dew or mist as "a little
10:
1802:
1740:Solar Dynamics Observatory
1454:. Translated by CD Yonge.
682:Battle of Mortimer's Cross
540:
474:
462:
451:
281:A related phenomenon, the
25:
18:
1712:, Explanations and Images
1338:Oxford English Dictionary
1215:Oxford English Dictionary
517:meaning 'weather's eye' (
460:, 'beside the sun'; from
320:Oxford English Dictionary
1012:Georgia State University
901:Saint Petersburg, Russia
646:Historia Hierosolymitana
499:, sun dogs are known as
330:, sun-dogs are defined:
134:A right-hand sun dog in
39:Very bright sun dogs in
21:Sun dog (disambiguation)
1586:"Look for the rare one"
313:The exact etymology of
216:. The crystals act as
1311:"Norse Constellations"
878:a complex halo display
848:in central Stockholm.
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717:The Sunne In Splendour
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55:(the horizontal line).
1731:Rare sun halo appears
1637:Bourke, John (1966).
1484:The Project Gutenberg
882:Sevenfold Sun Miracle
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707:King Henry VI, Part 3
661:
650:
620:Naturales Quaestiones
607:
548:
511:term for the sun dog
507:which comes from the
360:Philolog. Soc. Trans.
332:
305:is more appropriate.
303:(ice crystal) halo(s)
180:
168:
153:
138:. Also visible are a
133:
38:
1405:"Aratus, Phaenomena"
1133:"Circumzenithal Arc"
956:Liljequist parhelion
941:Circumhorizontal arc
897:Johann Tobias Lowitz
698:Edward IV of England
405:and archaic names —
136:Salem, Massachusetts
1571:Sky & Telescope
1242:. G. Bell and Sons.
747:Auspitz (Hustopeče)
732:, who wrote in his
702:William Shakespeare
680:The prelude to the
642:Fulcher of Chartres
552:Nuremberg Chronicle
210:cirrostratus clouds
81:atmospheric science
41:Fargo, North Dakota
1736:SDO Sundog Mystery
1710:Sundogs – Parhelia
1659:. 15 February 2020
1590:Atmospheric Optics
1478:Apuleius, Lucius.
1345:on 15 October 2012
1189:Atmospheric Optics
1163:Atmospheric Optics
1137:Atmospheric Optics
1112:Atmospheric Optics
1087:Atmospheric Optics
1062:Atmospheric Optics
1058:"Sundog formation"
1037:Atmospheric Optics
853:Christoph Scheiner
842:Laurentius Andreae
800:
771:circumzenithal arc
556:
505:a lagas in the sky
398:since the 1510s.)
233:circumzenithal arc
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88:optical phenomenon
57:
1696:978-0-387-97935-9
1554:978-0-87486-191-4
1456:Project Gutenberg
1281:Harper, Douglas.
1262:. Merriam-Webster
1108:"Parhelic Circle"
886:Johannes Hevelius
712:Sharon Kay Penman
696:commander, later
657:Wars of the Roses
372:, Dan. and Swed.
204:in high and cold
144:upper tangent arc
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198:ice crystals
184:
154:Sun dogs in
111:ice crystals
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60:
58:
32:
1663:22 February
1333:"Parhelion"
1183:Cowley, L.
1157:Cowley, L.
951:Crown flash
905:Lowitz arcs
833:Olaus Petri
822:Gustav Vasa
759:South Tyrol
586:Artemidorus
568:Meteorology
491:dialect of
484:, 'sun')).
421:(sun dog),
413:(sun dog),
289:Terminology
283:Crown flash
85:atmospheric
1775:Categories
1294:3 December
1266:3 December
967:References
876:witnessed
846:Storkyrkan
636:Archimedes
580:Phaenomena
531:cock's eye
514:lagas awel
394:has meant
358:of rain" (
344:water-dogs
336:parhelions
191:scattering
187:refraction
115:around 22°
107:refraction
49:sun pillar
28:perihelion
936:Anthelion
866:The World
804:Stockholm
796:Stockholm
710:, and by
574:The poet
564:Aristotle
559:Antiquity
440:Parhelion
415:Norwegian
309:Etymology
202:suspended
195:hexagonal
171:Saskatoon
140:Parry arc
73:parhelion
1685:(1993),
1657:ARY News
1543:(1979).
1448:(1877).
1210:"Sundog"
1017:20 April
961:Moon dog
930:See also
857:Parhelia
837:Lutheran
775:46° halo
632:Apologia
628:Apuleius
493:Cornwall
457:parēlion
452:παρήλιον
444:parhelia
442:(plural
411:solhunde
378:= Eng. "
299:22° halo
237:22° halo
173:, Canada
119:altitude
96:22° halo
83:, is an
77:parhelia
75:(plural
69:mock sun
45:22° halo
1490:8 April
814:Swedish
751:Moravia
694:Yorkist
690:England
630:in his
588:in his
541:History
535:portent
487:In the
427:solvarg
423:Swedish
419:solhund
340:sun-dog
315:sun dog
276:methane
272:ammonia
268:Neptune
256:Jupiter
200:either
160:Germany
61:sun dog
1762:16 May
1693:
1595:16 May
1551:
1525:16 May
1446:Cicero
1432:
1414:16 May
1389:16 May
1349:16 May
1317:16 May
1221:16 May
1194:16 May
1168:16 May
1142:16 May
1117:16 May
1092:16 May
1067:16 May
1042:16 May
992:16 May
874:Gdańsk
615:Seneca
597:Cicero
576:Aratus
481:helios
434:wolves
407:Danish
366:Icel.
266:, and
264:Uranus
260:Saturn
218:prisms
206:cirrus
65:sundog
1283:"dog"
1254:"Dog"
899:, in
763:Simon
520:lagas
475:ἥλιος
156:Hesse
142:, an
103:halos
79:) in
67:) or
1764:2017
1757:NASA
1691:ISBN
1665:2021
1597:2017
1549:ISBN
1527:2017
1492:2022
1430:ISBN
1416:2017
1391:2017
1351:2017
1319:2017
1296:2017
1268:2017
1223:2017
1196:2017
1170:2017
1144:2017
1119:2017
1094:2017
1069:2017
1044:2017
1019:2023
994:2017
818:omen
767:Jude
765:and
599:'s
526:awel
469:para
463:παρά
369:dogg
295:halo
244:Mars
189:and
63:(or
1786:Sun
777:or
757:in
714:in
704:in
684:in
431:two
388:Dog
380:dew
375:dug
364:Cf.
356:dag
352:dag
348:dog
208:or
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