417:
576:
317:
528:
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515:. An opium-based poison was administered everyday so that the prince would descend into madness and infirmity. Many months passed, but Shikoh somehow did not deteriorate. In May 1662, after nearly eighteen months of imprisonment, Aurangzeb resolved to end the threat forever and ordered his men to strangle the prince. Suleiman Shikoh was thus executed. He was buried in the Traitor's Cemetery in Gwalior, where his uncle
49:
186:
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conferring favours and making him distinguished, is hereby sent along with the farman. It has been enjoined that he (the Raja) should be thankful to the
Emperor and be always firm in adopting the right path of obedience and submission. The prosperity of the Empire shall be considered by him the best means for fulfilling his hopes and desires and welfare of his present and future.
445:...of Dara’s family, there now remained Soliman Chekouh, whom it would not have been easy to draw from Serenaguer if the Raja had been faithful to his engagements. But the intrigues of Jesseingue, the promises and threats of Aurengzebe, the death of Dara and the hostile preparations of the neighbouring Rajahs, shook the resolution of this pusillanimous protector.
398:
needed neither his promises nor his menaces. He further wrote that he might inform the Mughal that he had no respect for either his power or his victories and let him recall to mind the occasion when his father Shah Jahan sent an army to
Garhwal and the survivors of that army had their noses chopped off. In the end he has commented,
450:"hostile preparations of the neighbouring Rajahs," and Walton has mentioned that "during the reign of Pirthvi Shah the aggressions of the Kumaonis continued under the leadership of the then Raja Baz Bahadur who had already fought on the side of Khalel Ullah against the Garhwalis". It is possible that the neighbouring Raja of
393:
field and maketh directly to the hills ... But the Rajah laughs at all that, neither hath he more cause to fear on that side. Aurangzebe may cut long enough, they are mountains inaccessible to an army, and stones would be sufficient to stop the forces of four
Hindustan, so that he was constrained to turn back again.
424:
According to the sources of local history, the tradition goes that when
Prithvi Pat Shah sentenced his minister to death, the other ministers, officials and all the members of the family became hostile to him. Thereafter, his son Medni Shah, on the advice of his ministers, revolted against his father
397:
Manucci has also mentioned the defiant attitude of the Raja of
Garhwal. The Raja wrote back to Raja Jai Singh that on no account he could harm his reputation by making over to Aurangzeb anyone who had sought his protection. He was however thankful for Raja Jai Singh's friendship, as for Aurangzeb he
392:
He maketh the Raja
Jesseinge write one letter after another to the Rajah Serenaguer promising him very great things, if he would surrender Suleiman Chekouh to him...The Rajah answers that he would rather lose his estate, than do so unworthy an action. And Aurangzeb, seeing his resolution, taketh the
1668:
Bernier's Voyage to the East Indies: Containing the
History of the Late Revolution of the Empire of the Great Mogul : Together With the Most Considerable Passages for Five Years Following, in Thet Empire : to which is Added a Letter to the Lord Colbert, Touching the Extent of Indostan ...
357:
In the footnote, the translator V. Ball has mentioned that, "Sreenagar is the original
Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir, and that the account is based upon hearsay". However, it is well known that Srinagar was the capital of the kingdom of Garhwal and it was founded by Raja Ajay Pal in 1358 A.D. In
502:
On 5 January 1661, Shikoh was brought before
Aurangzeb. Accounts say that Shikoh's entry into the court, in chains, made quite an impression. Many were moved to tears at the sight of the fallen prince. Apparently, even Aurangzeb softened and offered to spare Sulaiman. The prince stoically replied
465:
The aged Rajah of
Srinagar felt greatly the vileness of the deed carried out by his only son and so great was his sorrow that in short space be ended his days under the disgrace, saying he would sooner have lost his territory and all his wealth than that his son should be guilty of such an act of
404:
Aurangzeb then took recourse to ruse. Dr. Qanungo is of the view that when Jai Singh could not convince the king of Garhwal to surrender Suleiman Shikoh, he instigated a powerful Brahmin minister against him who tried to give him poison in the form of medicine. But the vigilant prince tested the
449:
Bernier has not detailed the circumstances in which Shikoh was surrendered and from his account it appears that Prithvi Pat Shah had to surrender to circumstances. But during the surrender it seems he was away from Srinagar, the capital of Garhwal. Bernier in his description has referred to the
486:
Exalted amongst the nobles Prithi Singh, the Raja of Srinagar, having the hopes of benign favours, should know that recently Medni Singh, the son of Raja Prithi Singh has passed away. He (the Raja) should have all the patience and toleration. A robe of honour having been awarded to him, for
366:
has also mentioned the name of Srinagar the capital, and the country of Srinagar, for the Garhwal kingdom. The translator's footnote that the incident is hearsay therefore cannot be accepted. According to Muntakhab- ul-Lubab, it is vividly evidenced that Suleiman Shikoh took refuge in
387:
to capture the prince. Aurangzeb sent repeated messages through Raja Jai Singh to Prithvi Pat Shah, Raja of Garhwal, to surrender the prince but his persuasion and threats were met with contempt. In the book 'Bernier's Voyage to the East Indies’ it is mentioned that:
429:
to Srinagar, Garhwal, to persuade the authorities to hand over Suleiman Shikoh to him, bearing the Emperor's dire threats. However, when Ram Singh met Prithvi Pat Shah, he refused to comply and told him that he will protect the Mughal prince as long as he lived.
352:
Aurangzeb ordered troops to advance towards the mountains of Srinagar in order to compel Raja Nakti Rani to put Suleiman Shikoh in his power. But the Raja ... rendered all Aurangzeb's efforts futile who thereupon had recourse to ruse, seeing that force availed
433:
Then Ram Singh and Medni Shah, who were friends, tried to hatch a conspiracy against Shikoh. But before they could take any action against him he discovered their motive and slipped away in the night with the intention of escaping to
503:
that if he was a lingering threat, he should be killed immediately; he also requested that he would not be left to rot in some prison. Perhaps miffed by the rebuff, Aurangzeb did not grant his wish.
348:
has also referred to Suleiman Shikoh's escape to Garhwal, but he has mixed the two incidents in one, i.e. of 'Nak-kati-Rani' and of Suleiman Shikoh's taking refuge in Garhwal. He has stated:
441:
Shikoh was surrendered to Aurangzeb somewhere around December 1660 AD because according to Dr. Qanungo he was brought before Aurangzeb on 5 January 1661. Bernier has mentioned that,
438:. Unfortunately he lost his way in the hills and was betrayed by the villagers. They informed Medni Shah of his whereabouts who had him arrested and handed him over to Ram Singh.
454:
must have launched an attack on the borders of Garhwal and during that period Prithvi Pat Shah had to move from Srinagar the capital to thwart the invasions of the
478:
on this issue where he died in 1662 A.D. His death in Delhi is corroborated by the ‘farman' which Aurangzeb sent to Prithvi Pat Shah in 1662 A.D. In the ‘
305:
He was called "Potay Miya" by his grandfather Shah Jahan. Sulaiman Shikoh had two brothers and four sisters among his closed was Only Javeda un nissa.
461:
The penitence of Raja Prithvi Pat Shah about his son's treachery indicates his innocence as regards the surrender of Shikoh. Manucci has stated:
335:
in 1659 A.D. Aurangzeb had spared the daughters and minor sons of his brothers, but as Dara Shikoh's heir, Sulaiman Shikoh was a threat.
1920:
416:
1549:
1878:
1719:
1644:
Storia do Mogor: or, Mogul India, 1653-1708. by Niccolao Manucci. Translated with introd. and notes by William Irvine
1618:
1588:
405:
adulterated medicine on a cat and was saved. When the king discovered his minister's treachery he had him beheaded.
274:(son of Jahangir) and Shazadi Iffat Jahan Begum. He was also the first grandchild of the then 43 year-old emperor,
1817:
553:
408:
Later Jai Singh inspired the Garhwali prince Medni Shah to emulate Aurangzeb and revolt against his father.
1403:
1736:
316:
425:
and tried to seize power. Concomitantly, on Aurangzeb's orders, in late 1660 Jai Singh sent his son
535:
Sulaiman Shikoh was married several times. Among these was a marriage with Anup Kanwar, daughter of
919:
77:
575:
1915:
1910:
1608:
345:
1870:
1642:
1524:
1862:
1905:
1900:
765:
1709:
8:
1530:, the title of Mirza and not Khan or Padshah, which were the titles of the Mongol rulers.
291:
372:
1805:
Maāsir-i-ʻĀlamgiri: a history of the emperor Aurangzib-ʻl̀amgir (reign 1658-1707 A. D.)
536:
340:
328:
1874:
1863:
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128:
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702:
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An incomplete draft showing Dara Shikoh (left) with his son Sulaiman Shikoh (right)
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31:
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In 1642, his father Dara Shikoh became the heir apparent to the Mughal throne.
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1894:
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267:
258:
Shazada Muhammad Sulaiman Shikoh Bahadur was born on 15 March 1635 to Prince
101:
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39:
35:
1835:
The Taj and Its Environments: With 8 Illus. from Photos., 1 Map, and 4 Plans
1754:
1216:
977:
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516:
512:
400:"let him know that he who could cut off noses could equally cut off heads."
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owing to his misdeed of surrendering Shikoh. He had to leave Srinagar for
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344:, "Suleiman Shikoh had sought refuge with the zamindar of Srinagar".
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On Aurangzeb's orders, Shikoh was imprisoned into a dungeon in
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435:
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362:, Srinagar has been referred to for the kingdom of Garhwal.
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Daughter- married to Khwaja Bahauddin, son of Khwaja Parsa
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311:
379:
Aurangzeb's attempts to extricate Sulaiman from Garhwal
331:
on 29 May 1658, his son Suleiman Shikoh took refuge in
238:
was a Mughal prince and the eldest son of Crown prince
470:
Moreover, it seems that Medni Shah was banished from
1711:
Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective
730:
Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Mughal Emperor
601:Commander-in-Chief of Dara Shikoh's army 1641-1650
1892:
1803:Muḥammad Sāqī Mustaʻidd Khān, Jadunath Sarkar,
383:Aurangzeb tasked Sulaiman Shikoh's former ally
246:on the orders of his paternal uncle, Emperor
1157:Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor
670:Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor
1849:Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions
1822:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 1979. p. 78.
1669:with an Exact Description of Delhi and Agra
1377:Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor
1130:Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor
643:Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor
1577:Khān, Muḥammad Hāshim Khāfī (2006-09-12).
47:
1606:
231:An unfinished portrait of Sulaiman Shikoh
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526:
415:
411:
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1687:
1664:
1640:
1607:Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste (2012-05-10).
327:After the defeat of Dara Shikoh at the
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1860:
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1792:Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: S-Z
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312:Refuge in Srinagar, Kingdom of Garhwal
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1779:Women in Mughal India, 1526-1748 A.D.
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1707:
1550:"Sulaiman Shikoh, The Refugee Prince"
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552:Salima Banu Begum- married to Prince
1869:. Oxford University Press. pp.
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371:. The view is further supported by
13:
1865:Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India
1744:
14:
1932:
1921:17th-century Mughal Empire people
1698:
1676:
1651:
1627:
1597:
1567:
1533:
270:princess and daughter of Shazada
242:. He was executed in May 1662 at
1738:British Garhwal: A Gazetteer ...
1708:Rawat, Ajay S. (November 2002).
522:
491:This farman is preserved in the
184:
1841:
1826:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1688:Qanungo, Kalika Ranjan (1952).
1012:22. Ghias ud-din ‘Ali Asaf Khan
1861:Findly, Ellison Banks (1993).
1728:
1613:. Cambridge University Press.
1518:
278:. His paternal aunts included
1:
1511:
253:
54:
1837:. R. G. Bansal. p. 101.
1583:. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
614:Ancestors of Sulaiman Shikoh
570:
531:A drawing of Sulaiman Shikoh
144:Total 3 sons and 2 daughters
7:
1833:Ahmad, Moin-ud-din (1924).
1755:"::. UP State Archives .::"
605:
582:(left) with Sulaiman Shikoh
556:. They were parents to the
290:. His paternal uncles were
262:and his first wife Shazadi
10:
1937:
1665:Bernier, François (1670).
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987:
871:
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323:(left) and Sulaiman Shikoh
1641:Manucci, Niccolò (1967).
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16:Mughal prince (1635–1662)
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375:, Manucci and Qanungo.
53:Prince Sulaiman Shikoh,
1735:Walton, H. G. (1910).
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123:Anup Kanwar jiya begum
920:Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan
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412:Capture and aftermath
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236:Mirza Sulaiman Shikoh
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158:Mirza Sulaiman Shikoh
1759:uparchives.up.nic.in
1714:. Indus Publishing.
826:19. Manrang Devi of
1790:Nagendra Kr Singh,
1456:7. Jahan Banu Begum
266:. His mother was a
1647:. Editions Indian.
1580:Muntakhab-ul lubab
584:
533:
495:State Archives in
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360:Tuzuk-i- Jahangiri
341:Muntakhab-al Lubab
329:battle of Samugarh
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114:Traitor's Cemetery
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1337:Nadira Banu Begum
1035:11. Diwanji Begum
894:I'timad-ud-Daulah
519:was also buried.
264:Nadira Banu Begum
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210:Nadira Banu Begum
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141:Fatima Banu Begum
135:Salima Banu Begum
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364:Niccolao Manucci
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1694:. S. C. Sarkar.
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284:Roshanara Begum
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558:Mughal emperor
554:Muhammad Akbar
548:
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482:it is stated,
413:
410:
385:Raja Jai Singh
380:
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313:
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280:Jahanara Begum
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95:(aged 27)
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26:
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1851:(2001), p.128
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1807:(1947), p.103
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1794:(2001), p. 74
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1781:(1967), p.157
1780:
1777:Rekha Misra,
1774:
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1721:9788173871368
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1283:Sahib-i-Jamal
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523:Personal life
520:
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338:According to
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138:Junaid Shikoh
137:
134:
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130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
106:
103:
102:Mughal Empire
99:
90:
86:
83:
82:Mughal Empire
79:
75:15 March 1635
67:
63:
50:
45:
42:
41:
37:
36:Mughal Empire
33:
27:
20:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1834:
1828:
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1812:
1804:
1799:
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1778:
1773:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:
1737:
1730:
1710:
1690:
1667:
1643:
1609:
1579:
1558:. Retrieved
1556:. 2018-06-10
1553:
1526:
1520:
1217:Parviz Mirza
1087:
978:Mumtaz Mahal
796:Jagat Gosain
594:Governor of
587:Governor of
534:
513:Gwalior Fort
510:
501:
490:
485:
469:
464:
460:
448:
444:
440:
432:
423:
407:
403:
399:
396:
391:
382:
356:
351:
339:
337:
326:
307:
304:
296:Murad Bakhsh
257:
244:Gwalior Fort
235:
234:
98:Gwalior Fort
93:(1662-05-16)
29:
24:سلیمان شیکوه
1906:1662 deaths
1901:1635 births
1691:Dara Shukoh
1404:Murad Mirza
952:Asmat Begam
854:Dara Shikoh
580:Dara Shikoh
321:Dara Shikoh
260:Dara Shikoh
240:Dara Shikoh
220:Sunni Islam
200:Dara Shikoh
91:16 May 1662
58: 1652
1895:Categories
1764:2018-12-26
1560:2018-12-26
1512:References
1379:(= 16, 24)
1132:(= 16, 28)
768:, Raja of
766:Udai Singh
645:(= 24, 28)
561:Neku Siyar
537:Amar Singh
346:Travernier
292:Shah Shuja
276:Shah Jahan
254:Early life
71:1635-03-15
1255:Hasan of
598:1655-1657
591:1649-1651
571:Positions
427:Ram Singh
300:Aurangzeb
248:Aurangzeb
111:June 1662
78:Sultanpur
606:Ancestry
466:infamy.
456:Kumaonis
353:nothing.
216:Religion
32:Shahzada
828:Gwalior
497:Lucknow
480:farman'
472:Garhwal
369:Garhwal
333:Garhwal
180:Dynasty
34:of the
1877:
1718:
1617:
1587:
1253:Khwaja
1192:(= 17)
770:Marwar
705:(= 25)
672:(= 12)
589:Thatta
541:Nagaur
452:Kumaon
268:Mughal
206:Mother
196:Father
120:Spouse
108:Burial
1873:125.
1527:Mirza
1257:Herat
1159:(= 8)
596:Awadh
547:Issue
517:Murad
507:Death
476:Delhi
436:Tibet
168:House
153:Names
129:Issue
40:Mirza
1875:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1402:14.
1375:28.
1281:13.
1251:26.
1188:25.
1155:12.
1128:24.
950:21.
918:10.
892:20.
764:18.
701:17.
641:16.
493:U.P.
298:and
286:and
88:Died
65:Born
1871:124
1554:dna
1335:3.
1215:6.
1086:1.
976:5.
852:2.
794:9.
728:4.
668:8.
539:of
1897::
1757:.
1746:^
1700:^
1678:^
1653:^
1629:^
1599:^
1569:^
1552:.
1535:^
543:.
499:.
458:.
302:.
294:,
282:,
250:.
100:,
80:,
55:c.
1883:.
1767:.
1724:.
1672:.
1623:.
1593:.
1563:.
563:.
73:)
69:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
