734:
52:
675:
667:
160 million subjects, 23 percent of world's population. The
Dynasty's power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century with internal dynastic conflicts, incompatible monarchs, foreign invasions from Persians and Afghans, as well as revolts from Marathas, Sikh, Rajputs and regional Nawabs. The power of the last emperor was limited only to the
411:
through marriage and common ancestry. Many of the later Mughal emperors had significant Indian Rajput and
Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses. Akbar, for instance, was half-Persian (his mother was of Persian origin), Jahangir was
666:
Around 1700, the dynasty was ruling the wealthiest empire in the world, with also the largest military on earth. Mughals had approximately 24 percent share of world's economy and a military of one million soldiers. At that time the
Mughals ruled almost the whole of the South Asia with
845:, he still believes that the government will release properties of the erstwhile Mughals to the legal heirs. He also demands restoration of scholarships for Mughal descendants, that was discontinued by the government a while back. He wants that amount be raised to
791:
governed the empire's entire territory with complete sovereignty, that only one person at a time could be the
Emperor, and that every male member of the dynasty was hypothetically eligible to become Emperor, even though an
804:. To go into greater detail about these processes, the history of succession between Emperors can be divided into two eras: Era of Imperial successions (1526–1713) and Era of Regent successions (1713–1857).
685:
Many of the
Mughals had significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as they were born to Rajput and Persian princesses. Mughals played a great role in the flourishing of
713:; all were flourished during Mughal era. Mughals were not only guardians of art and culture but they also took interest in these fields personally. Emperor Babur, Aurangzeb and
559:
was applied to them in India by association with the
Mongols and to distinguish them from the Afghan elite which ruled the Delhi Sultanate. The term remains disputed by
1873:
681:; represents all the descendants mentioned in written sources and verbal sources found and researched in the New Era. Contains male issues only.
1822:
1370:
1368:
849:
8,000 and that the government should grant the economically depressed Mughal descendants the money for their upliftment. Tucy has two sons.
1003:
1365:
374:
from its inception in 1526 till the early eighteenth century, and then as ceremonial suzerains over much of the empire until 1857.
852:
Yaqoob
Ziauddin Tucy also has a younger brother Yaqoob Shajeeuddin Tucy. Shajeeuddin Tucy has served the country as a part of the
1962:
1933:
1847:
1805:
1699:
1672:
1662:
1645:
1618:
1591:
1564:
1489:
1386:
1323:
1293:
1266:
1239:
1177:
1124:
1092:
1034:
981:
954:
912:
1664:
Perspectives on Indo-Islamic
Civilization in Mughal India: Historiography, Religion and Politics, Sufism and Islamic Renewal
1898:
624:
were influenced by Mughal dynasty historiography, as he found out the literal structure similarities of
Hikayat Aceh with
452:
439:. However, even in the declining era, the Mughal Emperor continued to be the highest manifestation of sovereignty on the
1925:
1532:
1459:
1349:
1184:
In India the dynasty always called itself
Gurkani, after Temür's title Gurkân, the Persianized form of the Mongolian
1065:
1082:
628:, as the former has shared the similar theme with the latter about the lifetime and exploits of the protagonist of
796:
was appointed several times in dynastic history. The certain processes through which imperial princes rose to the
841:
Yaqoob Ziauddin Tucy is a sixth generation descendant of the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. Living in
1412:
1338:
Kissling, H. J.; N. Barbour; Bertold Spuler; J. S. Trimingham; F. R. C. Bagley; H. Braun; H. Hartel (1997).
663:, the dynasty reached its zenith in terms of geographical extent, economy, military and cultural influence.
1437:
689:(Indo-Islamic civilization). Mughals were also great patrons of art, culture, literature and architecture.
1977:
868:. He lives in Hyderabad along with his two sons Yaqoob Muzammiluddin Tucy and Yaqoob Mudassiruddin Tucy.
838:
has claimed that her late husband, Mirza Mohammad Bedar Bakht was the great-grandson of Bahadur Shah II.
19:
This article is about the historical imperial family. For the territorial state over which it ruled, see
1378:
The Heritage of Traditional Malay Literature: A Historical Survey of Genres, Writings and Literary Views
1011:
56:
608:
and ultimately moved towards the Indian subcontinent. Mughal rule was interrupted for 16 years by the
408:
1967:
468:
159:
1400:...author shares T. Iskandar's opinion that Hikayat Aceh was influenced by Mughal historiography..
1952:
428:
352:
326:
101:
976:. Vol. 3: The Gunpowder Empires and Modern Times. University of Chicago Press. p. 62.
820:, who produced children. This makes it difficult to identify all the offspring of each emperor.
1957:
1635:
1608:
1581:
1479:
1339:
1283:
1024:
997:
1518:
1256:
1229:
1051:
971:
774:
494:
1514:
733:
686:
134:
8:
1481:
Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical Statistics
770:
694:
604:. After losing his ancestral domains in Central Asia, Babur first established himself in
440:
432:
1972:
1740:
464:
424:
420:
1169:
904:
555:. The Mughal dynasty's early followers were Chagatai Turks, and not Mongols. The term
1929:
1902:
1801:
1732:
1695:
1668:
1641:
1614:
1587:
1560:
1528:
1485:
1455:
1382:
1345:
1319:
1289:
1262:
1235:
1173:
1159:
1120:
1088:
1061:
1030:
977:
950:
908:
894:
467:
deposed the imperial family and abolished the empire on 21 September 1857 during the
144:
1376:
459:
leaders took part in ceremonial acknowledgements of the Emperor as the sovereign of
407:(died 1227) on his mother's side, and Babur's ancestors had other affiliations with
1724:
1225:
853:
652:
564:
341:
315:
199:
51:
507:
1691:
Librarianship and Library Science in India: An Outline of Historical Perspectives
1689:
1445:
1441:
1313:
1007:
933:, 'son-in-law,' a title Temür assumed after his marriage to a Genghisid princess.
828:
722:
702:
690:
674:
648:
593:
479:
381:
363:
258:
248:
243:
121:
71:
24:
1337:
1475:
797:
788:
706:
698:
636:. Braginskiĭ also found the similarities in structure of both Hikayat Aceh and
621:
616:'s reign. It is also though by Russian linguist, Vladimir Braginskiĭ, That the
448:
436:
401:
302:
91:
1772:"Not just the last Mughal: Three ghazals by Bahadur Shah Zafar, the poet king"
1190:, 'son-in-law,' a title he assumed after his marriage to a Genghisid princess.
1946:
1736:
1715:
Dimand, Maurice S. (1944). "The Emperor Jahangir, Connoisseur of Paintings".
1504:
Art of Mughal Warfare." Art of Mughal Warfare. Indiannetzone, 25 August 2005.
1309:
860:, Uzbekistan along with his two elder brothers. He frequently travels to the
801:
793:
710:
678:
416:
389:
371:
209:
139:
20:
415:
During much of the Empire's history, the emperor functioned as the absolute
1112:
865:
846:
714:
617:
412:
half-Rajput and quarter-Persian, and Shah Jahan was three-quarters Rajput.
404:
378:
179:
169:
81:
1108:
861:
588:
The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by
560:
472:
456:
280:
274:
1744:
758:
750:
656:
651:
around the 1580s which lasted until the 1740s, until shortly after the
609:
601:
534:
460:
225:
149:
1524:
1451:
1436:
1163:
1057:
898:
842:
742:
668:
660:
641:
253:
221:
154:
1771:
1728:
1084:
Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material
857:
813:
787:
The Mughal dynasty operated under several basic premises: that the
762:
718:
385:
217:
213:
204:
835:
816:. Besides their wives, they also had several concubines in their
766:
613:
597:
550:
490:
43:
1848:"Destitute Mughal empire 'heir' demands India 'return' Red Fort"
523:), a reference to their descent from the Turco-Mongol conqueror
189:
164:
40:
435:
and the empire became divided into many regional kingdoms and
1331:
1315:
Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls
1195:
1155:
890:
824:
817:
754:
746:
738:
633:
605:
589:
524:
444:
397:
393:
392:
and its successor states) bloodlines. The dynasty's founder,
367:
194:
111:
834:
Another woman named Sultana Begum who lives in the slums of
721:
was a great painter, Shah Jahan was a great architect while
396:(born 1483), was a direct descendant of the Asian conqueror
184:
174:
1928:. Vol. I:4. Cambridge University Press. p. 368.
1234:. Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press. p. 62.
1220:
1218:
1216:
1148:
757:
and Babur, with Abu Sa'id of Samarkand and Timur's son,
1413:"BBC - Religions - Islam: Mughal Empire (1500s, 1600s)"
1281:
1248:
1117:
Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy
1213:
1154:
889:
528:
518:
357:
331:
212:(Title), special title for a distinguished branch of
1559:. University of Missouri Press. pp. ix, x, 84.
827:
named Habeebuddin Tucy claims to be a descendant of
1165:
The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor
900:
The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor
478:The British tried and convicted the last emperor,
1800:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p. 44.
1637:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India
1026:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India
949:. National Geographic Society. pp. 318–320.
513:The Mughal designation for their own dynasty was
1944:
1579:
1282:Huskin, Frans Husken; Dick van der Meij (2004).
1275:
1610:Dynasties: A Global History of Power, 1300–1800
1204:God and Logic in Islam: The Caliphate of Reason
1185:
999:Dynasties: A Global History of Power, 1300–1800
947:National Geographic Visual History of the World
928:
807:
431:much of the power shifted to the office of the
1374:
1513:
831:, but his claim is not universally believed.
647:The Mughal imperial structure was founded by
1468:
1142:Justice System and Mutinies in British India
1049:
1520:The European Union and Global Social Change
1285:Reading Asia: New Research in Asian Studies
728:
471:. The UK declared the establishment of the
1261:. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
1201:
1133:
919:In India the dynasty always called itself
377:The Mughals originated as a branch of the
346:
320:
50:
1920:Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (2003) .
1874:"Royal descendant struggles for survival"
1795:
1633:
1554:
1107:
1022:
883:
1871:
1474:
1430:
1254:
927:, the Persianized form of the Mongolian
732:
673:
549:in English) is the Indo-Persian form of
400:(1336–1405) on his father's side and of
1717:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
1606:
1224:
1119:(2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 41.
969:
1945:
1714:
1661:Alvi, Sajida Sultana (2 August 2012).
1557:The Rajput Rebellion Against Aurangzeb
1507:
1258:Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective
1080:
963:
944:
737:Group portrait of Mughal rulers, from
1919:
1769:
1757:
1687:
1308:
938:
800:, however, were very specific to the
769:, and two of Timur's other offspring
533:'son-in-law' after his marriage to a
1660:
1583:A History of Modern India, 1480–1950
1168:. New York: Modern Library. p.
1023:Mohammada, Malika (1 January 2007).
903:. New York: Modern Library. p.
749:seated in the middle. On the right:
1820:
1770:Bilal, Maaz Bin (9 November 2018).
1101:
567:view, the dynasty should be called
345:
319:
13:
1926:The New Cambridge History of India
1913:
1899:"Monumental issue Uae – Gulf News"
1872:Baseerat, Bushra (27 April 2010).
1586:. Anthem Press. pp. 172–173.
1498:
1484:. OECD Publishing. pp. 256–.
1139:
1087:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
14:
1989:
1823:"Who is Prince Habeebuddin Tucy?"
1821:Rao, Ch Sushil (18 August 2019).
1447:Developing cultures: case studies
1053:The Great Mughals and their India
856:. He has been the state guest to
23:. For rulers of that empire, see
506:This section is an excerpt from
1891:
1865:
1840:
1814:
1789:
1763:
1751:
1708:
1681:
1654:
1627:
1600:
1573:
1548:
1405:
1302:
970:Dodgson, Marshall G.S. (2009).
484:
1694:. Concept Publishing Company.
1613:. Cambridge University Press.
1074:
1043:
1016:
990:
812:The Mughal Emperors practiced
1:
1963:Emperors of the Mughal Empire
1901:. 6 June 2024. Archived from
1555:Hallissey, Robert C. (1977).
1341:The Last Great Muslim Empires
876:
778:
1922:Architecture of Mughal India
1255:Canfield, Robert L. (2002).
1029:. Akkar Books. p. 300.
808:Disputed headship of dynasty
489:), and exiled him (1858) to
16:Dynasty of the Mughal Empire
7:
1796:Dalrymple, William (2006).
1344:. BRILL. pp. 262–263.
1186:
929:
745:, with the Mughal ancestor
529:
519:
358:
332:
10:
1994:
1634:Mohammada, Malika (2007).
1580:Claude Markovits (2004) .
1288:. Routledge. p. 104.
1012:Cambridge University Press
761:. On the left: Aurangzeb,
725:was a great poet of Urdu.
717:were great calligraphers,
583:
505:
388:(the clan which ruled the
384:, supplemented with extra
18:
1318:, Penguin Books Limited,
298:
290:
267:
236:
127:
117:
107:
97:
87:
77:
67:
49:
39:
34:
1607:Duindam, Jeroen (2016).
1208:Persianate Mogul Empire.
871:
729:Succession to the throne
469:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1688:Taher, Mohamed (1994).
1375:V.I. Braginsky (2005).
1226:Hodgson, Marshall G. S.
1006:6 December 2022 at the
996:Jeroen Duindam (2015),
655:. During the reigns of
500:
497:(present-day Myanmar).
362:), was a branch of the
1381:. BRILL. p. 381.
1081:Sharma, S. R. (1999).
945:Berndl, Klaus (2005).
923:, after Temür's title
784:
682:
493:in British-controlled
1517:(10 September 2009).
1478:(25 September 2003).
1160:Thackston, Wheeler M.
1156:Zahir ud-Din Mohammad
1050:Dirk Collier (2016).
895:Thackston, Wheeler M.
893:(10 September 2002).
891:Zahir ud-Din Mohammad
736:
677:
527:, who took the title
1438:Lawrence E. Harrison
1231:The Venture of Islam
973:The Venture of Islam
687:Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb
669:Walled city of Delhi
508:Mughal Empire § Name
475:the following year.
425:head of the military
359:Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur
135:Badshah of Hindustan
537:princess. The word
441:Indian subcontinent
427:, while during its
1978:Dynasties of India
1878:The Times of India
1827:The Times of India
785:
683:
679:The Mughal Lineage
600:which today is in
565:Marshall Hodgson's
465:East India Company
421:head of government
237:Connected families
216:, descending from
1935:978-0-521-26728-1
1852:www.aljazeera.com
1807:978-1-4088-0092-8
1701:978-81-7022-524-9
1674:978-0-19-547643-9
1647:978-81-89833-18-3
1620:978-1-107-06068-5
1593:978-1-84331-004-4
1566:978-0-8262-0222-2
1491:978-92-64-10414-3
1388:978-90-04-48987-5
1325:978-93-5118-093-7
1295:978-1-136-84377-8
1268:978-0-521-52291-5
1241:978-0-226-34688-5
1179:978-0-375-76137-9
1126:978-0-203-71253-5
1094:978-81-7156-817-8
1036:978-8-189-83318-3
983:978-0-226-34688-5
956:978-0-7922-3695-5
914:978-0-375-76137-9
638:Mahfuzat-i-Timuri
630:Mahfuzat-i-Timuri
626:Mahfuzat-i-Timuri
356:
347:خاندانِ آلِ بابُر
330:
308:
307:
303:21 September 1857
145:Sultan of Sultans
1985:
1939:
1907:
1906:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1667:. OUP Pakistan.
1658:
1652:
1651:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1202:John Walbridge.
1199:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1020:
1014:
994:
988:
987:
967:
961:
960:
942:
936:
935:
932:
887:
854:Indian Air Force
783:
780:
653:Battle of Karnal
620:literature from
532:
522:
488:
487: 1837–1857
486:
361:
351:
349:
348:
335:
325:
323:
322:
54:
32:
31:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1968:Mughal nobility
1943:
1942:
1936:
1916:
1914:Further reading
1911:
1910:
1905:on 6 June 2024.
1897:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1798:The Last Mughal
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1729:10.2307/3257119
1713:
1709:
1702:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1640:. Aakar Books.
1632:
1628:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1476:Maddison, Angus
1473:
1469:
1462:
1454:. p. 158.
1442:Peter L. Berger
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1373:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1223:
1214:
1206:. p. 165.
1200:
1196:
1180:
1153:
1149:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1021:
1017:
1008:Wayback Machine
995:
991:
984:
968:
964:
957:
943:
939:
915:
888:
884:
879:
874:
829:Bahadur Shah II
810:
781:
775:Muhammad Sultan
731:
723:Bahadur Shah II
691:Mughal painting
649:Akbar the Great
586:
581:
580:
511:
503:
483:
480:Bahadur Shah II
443:. Not only the
437:princely states
382:Timurid dynasty
370:that ruled the
364:Timurid dynasty
333:Dudmân-e Mughal
286:
263:
249:Durrani dynasty
244:Safavid dynasty
122:Bahadur Shah II
88:Place of origin
72:Timurid dynasty
63:
60:
28:
25:Mughal emperors
17:
12:
11:
5:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:Mughal dynasty
1941:
1940:
1934:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1890:
1864:
1839:
1813:
1806:
1788:
1762:
1750:
1723:(6): 196–200.
1707:
1700:
1680:
1673:
1653:
1646:
1626:
1619:
1599:
1592:
1572:
1565:
1547:
1533:
1527:. p. 21.
1506:
1497:
1490:
1467:
1460:
1429:
1404:
1387:
1364:
1350:
1330:
1324:
1310:Eraly, Abraham
1301:
1294:
1274:
1267:
1247:
1240:
1212:
1194:
1178:
1147:
1144:. p. 204.
1132:
1125:
1100:
1093:
1073:
1066:
1060:. p. 15.
1042:
1035:
1015:
989:
982:
962:
955:
937:
913:
881:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
809:
806:
798:Peacock Throne
782: 1707–12
730:
727:
622:Aceh Sultanate
594:Timurid prince
585:
582:
541:(also spelled
512:
504:
502:
499:
463:. The British
402:Mongol emperor
338:House of Babur
312:Mughal dynasty
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
292:
288:
287:
285:
284:
278:
271:
269:
265:
264:
262:
261:
256:
251:
246:
240:
238:
234:
233:
232:
231:
230:
229:
224:, leading the
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
92:Timurid Empire
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
55:
47:
46:
37:
36:
35:House of Babur
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1990:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Mughal Empire
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1760:, p. 169
1759:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1536:
1534:9781135255800
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1515:József Böröcz
1510:
1501:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1463:
1461:9780415952798
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1418:
1417:www.bbc.co.uk
1414:
1408:
1401:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1353:
1351:90-04-02104-3
1347:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1143:
1140:Bhatia, H.S.
1136:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Jalal, Ayesha
1110:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1067:9789384544980
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
993:
985:
979:
975:
974:
966:
958:
952:
948:
941:
934:
931:
926:
922:
916:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
886:
882:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
805:
803:
802:Mughal Empire
799:
795:
794:heir-apparent
790:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:Urdu language
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
680:
676:
672:
670:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
509:
498:
496:
492:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:Muslim gentry
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:declining era
426:
422:
418:
417:head of state
413:
410:
406:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:Mongol Empire
387:
383:
380:
379:Central Asian
375:
373:
372:Mughal Empire
369:
365:
360:
354:
343:
339:
334:
328:
317:
313:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
282:
279:
276:
273:
272:
270:
266:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
239:
235:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Hazrat Ishaan
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
156:
155:Mughal Caliph
153:
151:
150:Shah of Shahs
148:
146:
143:
141:
140:Khan of Khans
138:
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
102:21 April 1526
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:Imperial seal
53:
48:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
21:Mughal Empire
1921:
1903:the original
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1877:
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1851:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1826:
1816:
1797:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:
1765:
1753:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1690:
1683:
1663:
1656:
1636:
1629:
1609:
1602:
1582:
1575:
1556:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1519:
1509:
1500:
1480:
1470:
1446:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:
1407:
1399:
1392:. Retrieved
1377:
1355:. Retrieved
1340:
1333:
1314:
1304:
1284:
1277:
1257:
1250:
1230:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1183:
1164:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1116:
1109:Bose, Sugata
1103:
1083:
1076:
1052:
1045:
1025:
1018:
998:
992:
972:
965:
946:
940:
924:
920:
918:
899:
885:
866:central Asia
851:
840:
833:
822:
811:
786:
715:Shah Alam II
695:architecture
684:
665:
646:
644:manuscript.
637:
629:
625:
618:Hikayat Aceh
610:Sur Emperors
587:
577:Indo-Timurid
576:
572:
568:
556:
551:
546:
542:
538:
514:
477:
433:Grand Vizier
414:
405:Genghis Khan
376:
337:
311:
309:
82:Mughal India
68:Parent house
57:
29:
1883:4 September
1857:4 September
1832:4 September
862:Middle East
771:Umar Shaykh
561:Indologists
473:British Raj
366:founded by
291:Dissolution
283:(1582–1605)
281:Din-i Ilahi
277:(1526–1857)
275:Sunni Islam
118:Final ruler
61:(1837–1857)
1947:Categories
1758:Asher 2003
1001:, page 105
877:References
777:. Created
759:Miran Shah
751:Shah Jahan
657:Shah Jahan
602:Uzbekistan
535:Chinggisid
520:Gūrkāniyān
447:, but the
409:Genghisids
321:دودمان مغل
299:Deposition
268:Traditions
228:Sufi order
226:Naqshbandi
1973:Maturidis
1737:0026-1521
1525:Routledge
1452:Routledge
1058:Hay House
843:Hyderabad
823:A man in
743:Aurangzeb
661:Aurangzeb
642:Akbarnama
353:romanized
336:) or the
327:romanized
254:Kachhwaha
222:Aurangzeb
1776:DAWN.COM
1444:(2006).
1394:17 March
1312:(2007),
1228:(2009).
1158:(2002).
1115:(2004).
1004:Archived
858:Tashkent
814:polygamy
763:Jahangir
719:Jahangir
703:clothing
386:Borjigin
218:Jahangir
205:Shahzadi
200:Shahzade
41:Imperial
1781:24 June
1745:3257119
1422:15 June
1187:kürägän
1162:(ed.).
930:kürägän
921:Gurkani
897:(ed.).
836:Kolkata
789:Emperor
767:Humayun
707:cuisine
699:culture
614:Humayun
612:during
598:Andijan
584:History
569:Timurid
515:Gurkani
491:Rangoon
449:Maratha
355::
342:Persian
329::
316:Persian
259:Rathore
214:Princes
160:Gurkani
108:Founder
98:Founded
78:Country
44:dynasty
1932:
1804:
1743:
1735:
1698:
1671:
1644:
1617:
1590:
1563:
1540:17 May
1531:
1488:
1458:
1385:
1357:17 May
1348:
1322:
1292:
1265:
1238:
1176:
1123:
1091:
1064:
1033:
980:
953:
925:Gurkân
911:
573:Timuri
557:Mughal
552:Mongol
547:Moghul
539:Mughal
530:Gūrkān
455:, and
453:Rajput
190:Sultan
165:Sardar
128:Titles
1741:JSTOR
872:Notes
825:India
818:harem
755:Akbar
747:Timur
739:Babur
640:with
634:Timur
606:Kabul
596:from
590:Babur
563:. In
543:Mogul
525:Timur
495:Burma
461:India
398:Timur
394:Babur
368:Babur
195:Malik
180:Mirza
131:List
112:Babur
1930:ISBN
1885:2022
1859:2022
1834:2022
1802:ISBN
1783:2020
1733:ISSN
1696:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1542:2020
1529:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1424:2020
1396:2024
1383:ISBN
1359:2020
1346:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1290:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1174:ISBN
1170:xlvi
1121:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1031:ISBN
978:ISBN
951:ISBN
909:ISBN
905:xlvi
864:and
773:and
765:and
709:and
659:and
592:, a
501:Name
457:Sikh
423:and
310:The
294:1857
220:and
185:Shah
175:Baig
170:Khan
1725:doi
741:to
575:or
545:or
1949::
1924:.
1876:.
1850:.
1825:.
1774:.
1739:.
1731:.
1719:.
1523:.
1450:.
1440:,
1415:.
1398:.
1367:^
1215:^
1182:.
1172:.
1111:;
1056:.
1010:,
917:.
907:.
779:c.
753:,
705:,
701:,
697:,
693:,
671:.
632:,
485:r.
451:,
419:,
350:,
344::
324:,
318::
1938:.
1887:.
1861:.
1836:.
1810:.
1785:.
1747:.
1727::
1721:2
1704:.
1677:.
1650:.
1623:.
1596:.
1569:.
1544:.
1494:.
1464:.
1426:.
1361:.
1298:.
1271:.
1244:.
1129:.
1097:.
1070:.
1039:.
986:.
959:.
847:₹
579:.
571:/
517:(
510:.
482:(
340:(
314:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
