689:
393:
deal with lone; Louis VII also gave to Suger the task of resolving two episcopal elections, at which point Suger practically continued to hold the same level of control over the church of France as he would have had as regent. Following the failure of the Second
Crusade and letters from the Jerusalem and Pope Eugenius, Suger proposed a new crusade at a convention in Laon in 1150, with the support of Louis and St Bernard. The aim was to have a crusade run by the French church to do what the secular powers failed to do, led by Suger. Support for this fell apart from many churchmen, including the Pope losing belief in the pursuit and advising the king to remain in France to settle local issues. The matter troubled Suger to his final year of his life, at which point he nominated an (unnamed) nobleman to take his stead in battle, though it ultimately did not materialise as the idea was likely shelved by that point.
732:
920:
Instead he is generally seen as having been a bold and imaginative patron who encouraged the work of an innovative (but now unknown) master mason. It is difficult to contextualise St-Denis to other buildings of the time and place, due to the fact that many churches in
Capetian France between 1080 and 1160 were destroyed and/or rebuilt later, combined with the fact that no other building of this period enjoyed the level of precision and detail of Suger's accounts of St-Denis. Thus, the Gothic style can be seen as a multiplicity of trends in the architecture of this period, some occasionally intersecting with others: Jean Bony describes it as "a happy accident of history; it would have been infinitely more normal if the Gothic had never appeared."
711:
443:
776:
751:
425:
487:
296:
275:'s court in Italy in 1121. It was on his return from in March 1122 that Suger, now 41, learned of Abbot Adam's death and that the others at the abbey had elected him to be the new abbot. Suger took pride in the fact that this happened in his absence and without his knowledge. Until 1127, he occupied himself at court mainly with the temporal affairs of the kingdom, while during the following decade he devoted himself to the reorganization and reform of St-Denis.
47:
544:
260:'s exploitation of revenues, a series of disputes with Hugh and failing alliances eventually led to Suger gaining experience on the battlefield. He appeared to take up this new challenge and was successful, though would go on to heavily regret this by his sixties. There is a complete gap in sources on Suger's whatabouts after he left Toury in 1112, though probably he was advancing his monastic position alongside further negotiations.
1533:
1270:
1231:
463:
1951:
407:
821:(Book on Events under his Administration) is an unfinished account of his administration of the abbey, which he started on request of his monks in 1145. In these texts, he treats of the improvements he had made to St Denis, describes the treasure of the church, and gives an account of the rebuilding. Unlike other medieval texts recording the deeds of religious figures, Suger’s are written by himself.
888:, though few of the key elements that define the Gothic tradition were particularly new as they were inspired by these very Romanesque elements, especially those of Normandy and Burgundy. The key element that sets aside Gothic architecture from its predecessor is "the novelty of the spiritual message that was to be conveyed" using its "novel and anti-Romanesque" elements.
851:; The Life of Suger) authored between summer 1152 and autumn 1154. A collection of Suger’s letters exist in Saint Denis, mostly from near the end of his life, though its provenance is unknown. Suger's works served to imbue the monks of St Denis with a taste for history and called forth a long series of quasi-official chronicles.
919:
Art historians paint Gothic architecture as Suger's own creation, though some question this: Similarly the assumption by 19th century French authors that Suger was the "designer" of St Denis (and hence the "inventor" of Gothic architecture) has been almost entirely discounted by more recent scholars.
907:
influenced the architectural style of the abbey of St. Denis, it was questioned by later scholars who have argued against such a simplistic link between philosophy and architectural form. Though Suger did not leave any explicitly theological writings, his work on Saint Denis was inspired by his own
618:
The new structure was finished and dedicated on 11 June 1144, in the presence of the King. The Abbey of Saint-Denis thus became the prototype for further building in the royal domain of northern France. It is often cited as the first building in the Gothic style. A hundred years later, the old nave
392:
After the regency, Louis VII and his contemporaries still consulted Suger on matters ecclesiastical and political, and he was asked to defend in a number of cases at court. At this point, Suger was also being assigned cases to work on lone which would otherwise be given to a episcopal commission to
961:
speculates on Suger's potential involvement its creation. Though she highlights that this is "purely speculative", given Suger's willingness in his career to create documents for the benefit of the Saint-Denis, it is certainly a fitting reflection and early example of his close admiration for the
359:
Though Suger was openly against Louis VII's intention announced in 1145 to lead a crusade to rescue the
Kingdom of Jerusalem, a council in February 1147 elected Suger to be a regent. One of the reasons Suger was opposed to the crusade were the issues present in France at the time: Louis VII wrote
363:
He urged the king to destroy the feudal bandits, was responsible for the royal tactics in dealing with the communal movements, and endeavoured to regularize the administration of justice. He left his abbey, which possessed considerable property, enriched and embellished by the construction of a
205:. This may have been contributed to the factors that impressed the abbey's leaders enough to send him to another school in 1104 to further advance his education, though no more details of this education are given aside from the fact that it was near
346:
served as one of the regents of the kingdom (1147–1149). He bitterly opposed the king's divorce, having himself advised the marriage. Although he disapproved of the Second
Crusade, he himself, at the time of his death, had started preaching a new
908:
set of religious ideas influenced by a range of new or renewed theological themes in the wider context of twelfth-century France. The influence of the cosmology of the
Chartres school, which resulted from interpretations of
212:
Suger began first with a successful career in monastic administration as he went on several missions for his abbey, which held land at several vantage points across the country. Finding favour with he
603:) that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque architecture, the pointed arch, the ribbed
462:
442:
1025:
were chosen in an election dominated by St
Bernard, with the rationale as "twin swords—the ecclesiastical and securar— protect the realm." William's imminent retirement as a monk meant that
424:
400:'s appointment as abbot had the backing of Louis VII and Suger, though after the two left, it was met with violent resistance by the canons (as was the case at Sainte-Geneviève).
360:
shortly after setting out to ensure protection of Gisors, and only six weeks after his expedition, asking for money, asking Suger to use some from his own resources if necessary.
1376:
When it was decided in 1931 that the statues be moved to the birth places of their representatives, Suger's was moved to Saint-Omer from a local legend that he was born there.
1622:"n hasard heureux de l'histoire. Il aurait été infiniment plus normal que le Gothique n'eût jamais paru," p. 11. Jean Bony, "Architecture gothique. Accident ou nécessité?" in
1092:, however the extent to which Suger had any aims higher than aesthetic pleasure has been called into doubt by more recent art historians on the basis of Suger's own writings.
688:
201:
and a firm grasp of legal matters. This ability led to him being chosen to work in the abbey archives to find documents that could protect the abbey from usurpation by
1105:, meant he was exiled. It was during exile that he authored the life of Suger; it was thus intended to portray Suger in good light, implicitly criticising Odo. Grant,
599:
At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the
Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir (
486:
1378:
847:
Suger’s secretary, William, himself produced two works on Suger: the first, a letter shortly after his death announcing the death; the other a short biography (
1897:
636:
916:, created a speculative system which emphasised mathematics, particularly geometry, and the aesthetic outcomes that arise from the convergence of the two.
640:
1008:
Pope
Paschal II dies January 1118; John of Gaetani is made the new pope, becoming Gelasius II; Henry V marched on Rome and appointed Gregory (VIII) as an
263:
It is from 1118 when the sources start again, where Suger is deeply entrenched in royal affairs. He is chosen as the royal envoy to welcome the fleeing
181:, a convention of autobiographical writing. Suger was one of the younger sons in a family where many went into the church, and so he was given as an
944:
that the two were close friends yet, it is likely that the two were familiar with one another, especially given the cozy number of students present.
844:’s reign. Written in Suger’s final years, it (like his other history) covers in great detail events where Suger was himself present or involved in.
940:
Though it is often suggested that the two enjoyed a close friendship in childhood, Louis had left the abbey's schooling in 1092: whilst it is not
2011:
1692:
Edited, translated, and annotated by Erwin
Panofsky (and Gerda Panofsky-Soergel). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946, pp. 122–37.
1682:
Edited, translated, and annotated by Erwin
Panofsky (and Gerda Panofsky-Soergel). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946, pp. 82–121.
809:
Suger wrote several works, which are regarded for their accuracy and detail. Of these, two record his activities as abbot of St-Denis. The
1726:
Translated by Richard C. Cusimano and Eric Whitmore. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2018, pp. 184–216.
1716:
Translated by Richard C. Cusimano and Eric Whitmore. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2018, pp. 127–83.
1991:
2021:
2006:
216:
of Saint-Denis, Abbot Adam, Suger's political career would develop under him as in 1106 he became his secretary, though in his
177:. This was a family of some substance and upwardly connections, and so where a more humble background is suggested is likely a
1853:
Inglis, Erik. "Remembering and Forgetting Suger at Saint-Denis, 1151–1534: An Abbot’s Reputation between Memory and History."
891:
Scholars tend to attribute Suger's influences on his ideas of symbolism and manner of symbolic thought to interpretations of
596:
above the West portal is the earliest-known such example, although Romanesque circular windows preceded it in general form.
1996:
1986:
396:
Suger's final year continued to be busy for him, as he was instructed by the pope to reform Saint Corneille at Compiègne.
2031:
1173:
607:, the ambulatory with radiating chapels, the clustered columns supporting ribs springing in different directions and the
1637:
L'église Saint-Julien de Marolles-en-Brie et ses rapports avec l'architecture Parisienne de la génération de Saint-Denis
1386:
267:(John of Gaetani) to France and arrange a meeting with Louis VI. Suger was sent to his live at the court of Gelasius at
220:, Suger appeared to minimise Abbot Adam's role. Suger found himself embroiled in great events, in the same year at the
406:
1905:
1411:
731:
1981:
840:(The Illustrious King Louis) is the other demonstrably unfinished work of Suger, accounting for the first year of
1220:
1135:
904:
892:
1934:
988:
170:
82:
710:
2001:
1792:
166:
69:
2026:
1026:
1769:
453:
1686:
1022:
1676:
1662:
1941:
866:
202:
1257:
1816:
Artistic Change at St-Denis: Abbot Suger's Program and the Early Twelfth-Century Controversy over Art
1736:
1589:
Artistic Change at St Denis: Abbot Suger's Program and the Early Twelfth Century Controversy Over Art
873:
860:
656:
1876:
Rudolph, Conrad. "Inventing the Exegetical Stained-Glass Window: Suger, Hugh, and a New Elite Art."
1525:
1123:
585:
1914:
885:
648:
146:
93:
2016:
1696:
493:
1720:
1710:
659:
which he received that was subsequently offered to the saints at his abbey is now held in the
588:
façade with its single door. He designed the façade of Saint-Denis to be an echo of the Roman
190:
1971:
473:
257:
592:
with its three-part division and three large portals to ease the problem of congestion. The
306:
1976:
1163:, Peter Kidson, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 50, (1987), pp. 1–17.
896:
668:
619:
of Saint-Denis was rebuilt in the Gothic style, gaining, in its transepts, two spectacular
604:
578:
564:
548:
501:
365:
339:
1672:(and Gerda Panofsky-Soergel). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946, pp. 40–81.
1101:
After Suger’s death, William’s leading of a faction against the new abbot at Saint Denis,
991:
remain popular candidates. It is also possible that he attended various schools along the
197:. Suger took up the oblate life relatively easily, and showed strong ability including in
8:
1955:
1143:
1139:
1030:
869:
589:
574:
560:
469:
331:
150:
1227:, ed. Paula Lieber Gerson, 3–16 (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.) p. 3.
833:
722:
570:
252:
in 1108 as provost, then from mid-1109 to 1111 provost to the more important priory of
233:
194:
186:
130:
1898:"Abbé Suger and a Medieval Theory of Light in Stained Glass: Lux, Lumen, Illumination"
1826:
The Gothic Cathedral: Origins of Gothic Architecture and the Medieval Concept of Order
1547:
The Gothic Cathedral: Origins of Gothic Architecture and the Medieval Concept of Order
1532:
1269:
1230:
836:, primarily concerned with warfare, but also his dependence on the Saint-Denis abbey.
1407:
741:
245:
236:(gaining experience of the Norman courts system which he respected), and; in 1112 at
232:; in early-1109 where he met Louis VI again as he sat a dispute between the king and
182:
1731:
Oeuvres complètes de Suger; recueillies, annotées et publiées d'après les manuscrits
522:
1088:
argued that Suger was inspired to create a physical representation of the Heavenly
717:
652:
632:
272:
264:
142:
881:
244:. During this time, he held administrative roles that required him to be first at
1729:
1266:, ed. Rolf Große, 31–43 (Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004) pp. 31–2.
631:
Suger was also a patron of art. Among the liturgical vessels he commissioned are
608:
436:
pane of the Infancy Window, showing Suger, the patron, at the feet of the Virgin.
241:
229:
109:
1636:
1848:
1811:
1669:
1584:
1300:
1203:
1147:
1085:
900:
828:(Life of Louis the Fat) is his most substantial and widely circulated. It is a
497:
343:
178:
174:
138:
114:
1858:
1819:
1763:
515:
1965:
1829:
1786:
1751:
1703:
1526:
The Royal Image: Illustrations of the Grandes Chroniques de France, 1274-1422
644:
414:
20:
1923:
It is an image archive of a large number of different artworks at the abbey.
1759:
957:
coincides with his apprenticeship in the archives, which is where historian
775:
1863:
1758:. Paris: Fontenelle Collection (Figures monastiques), 1950. OCLC WorldCat
1102:
976:
766:
510:
432:
397:
369:
750:
283:
Suger served as the friend and counsellor to both Louis VI and Louis VII.
19:
This article is about the French abbot. For the Guatemalan physicist, see
1783:
Abbot Suger of St-Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth-Century France
1778:
1399:
964:
Abbot Suger of St-Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth-Century France
958:
620:
593:
449:
206:
1881:
1802:
295:
1142:(falsely) identified as the former and wrote Christian theological and
980:
612:
532:
477:
268:
1915:"Images of Medieval Art and Architecture – FRANCE: Abbey Of St. Denis"
1871:
1828:. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. OCLC WorldCat
1675:———. "Libellus Alter de Consecratione Ecclesiae Sancti Dionysii." In
1089:
841:
829:
789:
543:
335:
134:
1046:"sive de nostro seu de vestro pecuniam sumptam nobis mittatis," in
1706:. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1992.
1688:
Abbot Suger, on the Abbey Church of St.-Denis and its Art Treasures
1678:
Abbot Suger, on the Abbey Church of St.-Denis and Its Art Treasures
1664:
Abbot Suger, on the Abbey Church of St.-Denis and Its Art Treasures
1127:
1009:
814:
249:
225:
51:
A redrawing of Suger from a stained glass window found in his abbey
813:(Other Little Book on the Consecration of Saint-Denis) is a short
193:
for about a decade, where he would have first met the future king
1202:(Paris: S. E. V. P. E. N., 1965) p. 11. This is a history of the
954:
695:
600:
348:
1122:
es who have been confused and interchanged throughout history:
984:
884:
region of France. This new genre is seen as the progression of
660:
1950:
1159:
For a summary of the 'arguments against' Panofsky's view, see
1050:, ed. Martin Bouquet et al. (Paris, 1869–1904) vol 15, p. 487.
372:. Suger wrote extensively on the construction of the abbey in
141:. His writings remain seminal texts for early twelfth-century
46:
1818:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. OCLC WorldCat
1206:
and its development: the land had previously belonged to the
1131:
992:
913:
909:
664:
584:
Suger began with the West front, reconstructing the original
253:
221:
213:
198:
126:
27:
1613:
Take St-Meglorie, Ste-Genevie, and St-Victor in local Paris.
1063:
For bright is that which is brightly coupled with the bright
1549:, 3rd ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988) 62.
1529:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991) 3–6, 10.
762:
701:
387:
237:
1775:
Berlin: Matthiesen Verlag, Lübeck/Kraus Reprint Ltd, 1898.
1661:
Suger. "Liber de Rebus in Administratione sua Gestis." In
817:
on the building and consecration of the abbey church. The
811:
Libellus Alter de Consecratione Ecclesiae Sancti Dionysii
378:
Libellus Alter de Consecratione Ecclesiae Sancti Dionysii
1012:; Gelasius fled to France to the protection of Louis VI.
1904:. Stanford University, January 26, 2006. Archived from
1709:———. "The Illustrious King Louis , Son of Louis ." In
899:, as well as; those from the school of Chartres. Where
149:
where he was abbot was instrumental in the creation of
1843:
Hugenholtz, Frits, and Henk Teunis. "Suger's advice."
1299:(Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2022) 79. OCLC WorldCat
966:. (Essex: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998) p. 80, fn. 30.
569:
Abbot Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings
189:
at age ten in 1091. He first trained at the priory of
1939:
1785:. Essex: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998. OCLC WorldCat
1406:. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Publishing, p. 376.
647:
once owned by Suger is now in the collections of the
513:
is named after Suger, and two schools bear his name (
1048:
Recueil des Historiensdes Des Gaules et de la France
1685:———. "Ordinatio AD. MCXL vel MCXLI confirmata." In
1074:
Abbot Suger: On What Was Done in His Administration
765:with birds") with a 10th- or 11th-century Egyptian
1059:When the new rear part is joined to that in front,
472:(1836). Today, it stands in front of the ruins of
16:12th-century French abbot, statesman and historian
1963:
1311:For Suger's later disavowal of this, see Suger,
1256:For an analysis of Abbot Adam, see Rolf Große, "
1138:, a Greek author of the fifth/sixth century who
979:due to its tradition of historical writing, but
854:
325:
1868:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
1798:New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.
667:, believed to be the only existing artefact of
286:
1719:William (Willelmus). "The Life of Suger." In
161:Suger was born into a family of minor knights
1880:93, no. 4 (December 2011), pp. 399–422.
1857:54, no. 2 (September 2015), pp. 219–43.
1808:Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004.
1463:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983) 13–6.
1067:Bright is the noble work Enlarged in our time
577:, decided in about 1137 to rebuild the great
354:
338:on the occasion of that prince's marriage to
1722:Selected Works of Abbot Suger of Saint Denis
1712:Selected Works of Abbot Suger of Saint Denis
1313:Liber De Rebus in Administratione sua Gestis
1061:The church shines, brightened in its middle.
819:Liber De Rebus in Administratione sua Gestis
581:, the burial church of the French monarchs.
374:Liber de Rebus in Administratione sua Gestis
129:and statesman. He was a key advisor to King
538:
278:
137:, acting as the latter's regent during the
45:
1847:12, no. 3 (1986), pp. 191–206. DOI:
1174:Neoplatonism and Christianity#Middle_Ages
788:), with a vase possibly from 7th-century
330:In 1137, he accompanied the future king,
1794:Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis: a Symposium
744:from 6th- or 7th-century Persian vessel.
542:
388:Suger's final years (1149–51) and legacy
256:. The area was suffering as a result of
872:, where in its history he falls in the
554:
2012:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
1964:
1702:Translated by Richard C. Cusimano and
1150:, after whom the abbey is named after.
1033:, to be co-regents with Suger. Grant,
865:Suger is considered the forerunner of
626:
1668:Edited, translated, and annotated by
1654:
1416:
1079:
903:made the claim that this theology of
611:which enabled the insertion of large
125:1081 – 13 January 1151) was a French
108:
1282:Benton, "Life and Personality," (in
1243:Benton, "Life and Personality," (in
1069:I, who was Suger, having been leader
290:
1836:
1146:; and saint Dionysius of Paris, or
804:
13:
1912:
1866:. "Panofsky, Suger and St Denis."
1591:, Princeton University Press, 1990
1393:
1259:L'abbé Adam, Prédécesseur De Suger
14:
2043:
1065:And which the new light pervades,
975:Historians like to argue for the
799:
704:cup of the 2nd or 1st century BC.
1949:
1895:
1602:Medieval France: An Encyclopedia
1531:
1268:
1229:
989:Abbey of Saint-Florent at Saumur
838:Historia gloriosi regis Ludovici
832:chronological narrative of king
774:
749:
730:
709:
687:
485:
461:
441:
423:
405:
294:
145:, and his reconstruction of the
1649:
1629:
1616:
1607:
1594:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1517:
1504:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1453:
1440:
1428:
1370:
1357:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1305:
1166:
1153:
1136:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
1112:
1095:
1053:
1040:
1015:
1002:
893:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
165:1081 (or 1080), landholders of
1992:12th-century French historians
1935:Gothic cathedrals and churches
1289:
1276:
1250:
1237:
1213:
1192:
969:
947:
934:
169:, a small village surrounding
1:
2022:French expatriates in England
2007:12th-century writers in Latin
1849:10.1016/0304-4181(86)90031-X.
1626:, LVIII-LVIX (1983) pp. 9–20.
1186:
880:) period concentrated in the
855:Suger in the Gothic tradition
452:of Suger (1633), held at the
326:Suger and Louis VII (1137–49)
271:, and later at his successor
162:
156:
122:
65:
1221:Suger's Life and Personality
1161:Panofsky, Suger and St Denis
923:
681:series of commissioned vases
287:Suger and Louis VI (1122–37)
7:
1997:12th-century French writers
1987:12th-century French artists
1928:
1921:. University of Pittsburgh.
1888:
1845:Journal of Medieval History
1461:The Age of Abbot Desiderius
953:The appearance of a forged
228:; in Spring 1107 to attend
10:
2048:
2032:Medieval French architects
1870:50 (1987), pp. 1–17.
1791:Gerson, Paula Lieber, ed.
1698:The Deeds of Louis the Fat
1071:While it was accomplished.
1031:Archbishop Samson of Reims
858:
558:
355:Suger, the Regent (1147–9)
203:Bouchard II of Montmorency
79:13 January 1151 (aged ~70)
25:
18:
1771:Abt Suger von Saint-Denis
1737:Albert Lecoy de La Marche
1383:Saint Omer tourism office
1029:and, to a lesser degree,
861:Early Gothic architecture
738:Eleanor of Aquitaine vase
657:Eleanor of Aquitaine vase
89:
75:
61:
56:
44:
37:
1744:
1379:"Statue de l'abbé Suger"
1130:first century judge and
1124:Dionysius the Areopagite
1023:William, count of Nevers
928:
539:Contribution to the arts
279:Court life and influence
167:Chennevières-lès-Louvres
70:Chennevières-lès-Louvres
26:Not to be confused with
1982:12th-century architects
1402:and J. Fleming, (2009)
886:Romanesque architecture
649:National Gallery of Art
643:and a sardonyx ewer. A
191:Saint-Denis de L'Estrée
147:Basilica of Saint-Denis
94:Basilica of Saint-Denis
39:Abbot Suger of St-Denis
1404:A World History of Art
1297:Medieval France at War
1200:La Grange de Vaulerent
551:
529:École secondaire Suger
494:neoclassical sculpture
454:Musée d'Arts de Nantes
303:This section is empty.
118:
1643:153 (1995) pp. 23–46.
1208:Suger de Chennevières
1076:c.1144–8, Chap XXVIII
1021:Initially, Suger and
895:and the derivates of
859:Further information:
721:, with a 2nd-century
579:Church of Saint-Denis
559:Further information:
547:Gothic ambulatory at
546:
368:built in the nascent
258:Hugh III of Le Puiset
2002:12th-century regents
1573:The Gothic Cathedral
1560:The Gothic Cathedral
1424:The Gothic Cathedral
1178:The Gothic Cathedral
962:abbey. Lindy Grant,
897:John Scotus Eriugena
826:Vie de Louis le Gros
786:Aiguière en Sardoine
758:Aiguière aux oiseaux
565:Basilica of St Denis
555:Abbey of Saint-Denis
527:in Saint-Denis, and
502:Palace of Versailles
340:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2027:French male writers
1768:Cartellieri, Otto.
1600:Kibler et al (eds)
1140:pseudepigraphically
1027:Ralph of Vermandois
870:Gothic architecture
671:'s to exist today.
637:King Roger decanter
627:Suger's collections
590:Arch of Constantine
561:Gothic architecture
470:Jean-Baptiste Stouf
468:A marble statue by
418:window at St-Denis.
151:Gothic architecture
1824:von Simson, Otto.
1655:Contemporary Works
1635:Stephen Gardner, "
1459:H. E. J. Cowdrey,
1198:Charles Higounet,
1176:, and von Simson,
824:Of his histories,
552:
474:Saint-Bertin Abbey
234:Henry I of England
218:De Administratione
195:Louis VI of France
187:abbey of St. Denis
1908:on 17 March 2016.
1804:Suger en question
1801:Große, Rolf, ed.
1604:, Routledge, 1995
1545:Otto von Simson,
1523:Anne D. Hedeman,
1264:Suger en question
1219:John F. Benton, "
1172:Further reading:
878:Gothique primitif
742:rock crystal vase
609:flying buttresses
342:, and during the
323:
322:
99:
98:
2039:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1922:
1913:Stones, Alison.
1909:
1878:The Art Bulletin
1837:Journal Articles
1644:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1582:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1521:
1515:
1512:Church and State
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1389:on 12 June 2024.
1385:. Archived from
1374:
1368:
1365:Church and State
1361:
1355:
1352:Church and State
1348:
1342:
1339:Church and State
1335:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1217:
1211:
1196:
1181:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1118:There are three
1116:
1110:
1107:Church and State
1099:
1093:
1083:
1077:
1057:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1035:Church and State
1019:
1013:
1006:
1000:
997:Church and State
973:
967:
951:
945:
938:
905:Pseudo-Dionysius
805:Suger's writings
778:
753:
734:
713:
691:
653:Washington, D.C.
526:
489:
465:
445:
427:
409:
318:
315:
305:You can help by
298:
291:
273:Pope Calixtus II
265:Pope Gelasius II
164:
143:Capetian history
124:
112:
107:
68:1081, likely in
67:
49:
35:
34:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1940:
1931:
1926:
1896:Hunt, Patrick.
1891:
1886:
1839:
1834:
1812:Rudolph, Conrad
1747:
1742:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1624:Revuew de l'Art
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1595:
1583:
1579:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1553:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1398:
1394:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1214:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1117:
1113:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1041:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1003:
974:
970:
952:
948:
939:
935:
931:
926:
863:
857:
807:
802:
797:
796:
795:
794:
793:
779:
771:
770:
754:
746:
745:
735:
727:
726:
714:
706:
705:
692:
683:
682:
629:
567:
557:
541:
520:
511:a French street
505:
490:
481:
466:
457:
446:
437:
428:
419:
410:
390:
357:
328:
319:
313:
310:
289:
281:
242:Lateran council
240:for the second
230:Pope Paschal II
159:
110:[syʒɛʁ]
105:
85:
80:
52:
40:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2045:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1959:
1958:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1910:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1861:
1851:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1776:
1766:
1752:Aubert, Marcel
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1739:. Paris, 1867.
1727:
1717:
1707:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1670:Erwin Panofsky
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1628:
1615:
1606:
1593:
1585:Conrad Rudolph
1577:
1564:
1551:
1538:
1516:
1503:
1491:
1478:
1465:
1452:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1392:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1317:
1304:
1288:
1275:
1249:
1236:
1212:
1204:Vaulerent barn
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1165:
1152:
1148:Denis of Paris
1144:mystical works
1111:
1094:
1086:Erwin Panofsky
1078:
1052:
1039:
1014:
1001:
995:river. Grant,
968:
946:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
901:Erwin Panofsky
856:
853:
806:
803:
801:
800:Historiography
798:
780:
773:
772:
755:
748:
747:
736:
729:
728:
715:
708:
707:
693:
686:
685:
684:
679:vases de Suger
676:
675:
674:
673:
641:a gold chalice
628:
625:
556:
553:
540:
537:
507:
506:
500:(1835) in the
498:Denis Foyatier
491:
484:
482:
467:
460:
458:
448:A painting by
447:
440:
438:
429:
422:
420:
411:
404:
389:
386:
356:
353:
344:Second Crusade
327:
324:
321:
320:
301:
299:
288:
285:
280:
277:
179:literary topos
158:
155:
139:Second Crusade
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
73:
72:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2044:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:French abbots
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1864:Kidson, Peter
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1704:John Moorhead
1701:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1542:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1482:
1475:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1412:9781856695848
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1295:John France,
1292:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1005:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
972:
965:
960:
956:
950:
943:
937:
933:
921:
917:
915:
911:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
882:Île-de-France
879:
875:
871:
868:
862:
852:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
791:
787:
783:
782:Sardonyx ewer
777:
768:
764:
760:
759:
752:
743:
739:
733:
724:
720:
719:
718:Suger's Eagle
712:
703:
699:
697:
690:
680:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
624:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
566:
562:
550:
545:
536:
534:
530:
524:
519:
517:
512:
503:
499:
495:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
464:
459:
455:
451:
444:
439:
435:
434:
426:
421:
417:
416:
415:Tree of Jesse
412:Suger in the
408:
403:
402:
401:
399:
394:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
361:
352:
350:
345:
341:
337:
333:
317:
308:
304:
300:
297:
293:
292:
284:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
116:
111:
103:
95:
92:
90:Resting place
88:
84:
78:
74:
71:
64:
60:
55:
48:
43:
36:
33:
29:
22:
21:Eduardo Suger
1972:1080s births
1956:architecture
1918:
1906:the original
1901:
1877:
1867:
1854:
1844:
1825:
1815:
1803:
1793:
1782:
1779:Grant, Lindy
1770:
1755:
1735:. Edited by
1730:
1721:
1711:
1697:
1687:
1677:
1663:
1650:Bibliography
1640:
1631:
1623:
1618:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1571:von Simson,
1567:
1559:
1558:von Simson,
1554:
1546:
1541:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1403:
1395:
1387:the original
1382:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1239:
1224:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1180:, pp. 25–39.
1177:
1168:
1160:
1155:
1119:
1114:
1106:
1103:Odo of Deuil
1097:
1081:
1073:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1017:
1004:
996:
977:Fleury Abbey
971:
963:
949:
941:
936:
918:
890:
877:
874:Early Gothic
864:
849:Sugerii Vita
848:
846:
837:
825:
823:
818:
810:
808:
785:
781:
767:rock-crystal
757:
756:
737:
716:
694:
678:
633:a gilt eagle
630:
621:rose windows
617:
598:
583:
568:
528:
514:
508:
433:Annunciation
430:
413:
398:Odo of Deuil
395:
391:
381:
377:
373:
370:Gothic style
362:
358:
329:
311:
307:adding to it
302:
282:
262:
217:
211:
173:in northern
160:
133:and his son
101:
100:
32:
1977:1151 deaths
1575:, pp. 26–7.
1498:Willelmus,
1422:Wim Swaan,
1324:Willelmus,
1301:1381142379.
1286:) pp. 11–5.
1247:) pp. 11–5.
959:Lindy Grant
594:rose window
586:Carolingian
549:Saint-Denis
521: [
516:Lycée Suger
450:Simon Vouet
207:Fontevrault
171:Saint-Denis
83:Saint-Denis
1966:Categories
1820:614916294.
1764:778897850.
1400:Honour, H.
1187:References
987:, and the
981:Marmoutier
700:, with on
655:, and the
613:clerestory
533:Vaucresson
478:Saint-Omer
366:new church
314:April 2024
269:Maguelonne
157:Early life
1830:17476906.
1787:37509848.
1487:Hist. VII
1284:Symposium
1245:Symposium
1225:Symposium
1120:Dionysius
1090:Jerusalem
924:Citations
842:Louis VII
830:panegyric
790:Byzantium
615:windows.
575:Louis VII
382:Ordinatio
336:Aquitaine
332:Louis VII
135:Louis VII
1929:See also
1902:Philolog
1889:Websites
1641:Bull Mon
1128:Athenian
1010:antipope
912:and the
867:(French)
834:Louis VI
815:treatise
723:porphyry
698:of Suger
571:Louis VI
250:Normandy
246:Berneval
226:Poitiers
131:Louis VI
119:Sugerius
57:Personal
1760:1746084
1514:, 43–5.
1510:Grant,
1485:Suger,
1472:Suger,
1446:Suger,
1434:Suger,
1363:Grant,
1350:Grant,
1337:Grant,
1262:," in
1210:family.
999:, 82–3.
955:charter
942:certain
769:vessel.
696:Chalice
669:Eleanor
645:chalice
601:chancel
518:
509:Today,
349:crusade
334:, into
185:to the
175:Parisis
106:French:
1942:Portal
1919:Medart
1882:JSTOR.
1872:JSTOR.
1859:JSTOR.
1639:," in
1450:, 155.
1448:Admin.
1436:Consc.
1410:
1367:, 280.
1354:, 279.
1341:, 278.
1328:, 394.
1223:," in
1037:, 157.
985:Angers
661:Louvre
635:, the
380:, and
183:oblate
1855:Gesta
1756:Suger
1745:Books
1695:———.
1562:, 62.
1500:Vita.
1326:Vita.
1315:, 44.
1132:saint
1126:, an
1109:, 44.
993:Loire
929:Notes
914:Bible
910:Plato
725:vase.
665:Paris
605:vault
525:]
254:Toury
222:synod
214:abbot
199:Latin
127:abbot
115:Latin
102:Suger
28:Sugar
1408:ISBN
763:Ewer
740:, a
702:onyx
677:The
573:and
563:and
431:The
238:Rome
76:Died
62:Born
1474:VLG
663:in
651:in
535:).
531:in
496:by
309:.
248:in
224:at
1968::
1917:.
1900:.
1814:.
1781:.
1762:/
1754:.
1587:,
1381:.
1134:;
983:,
761:("
639:,
623:.
523:fr
492:A
476:,
456:.
384:.
376:,
351:.
209:.
163:c.
153:.
123:c.
121:;
117::
113:;
66:c.
1944::
1806:.
1796:.
1773:.
1733:.
1724:.
1714:.
1700:.
1690:.
1680:.
1666:.
1489:.
1476:.
876:(
792:.
784:(
504:.
480:.
316:)
312:(
104:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
