209:. They are characterised by innovative methods of teaching which aim to promote learning in communication with teachers and other learners and which take students seriously as active participants in their own learning and foster transferable skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and reflective thinking. The revised European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance (ESG) approved by the Ministerial Conference in Yerevan on 15 May 2015 include the following passage on student-centred learning: "Institutions should ensure that the programmes are delivered in a way that encourages students to take an active role in creating the learning process, and that the assessment of students reflects this approach."
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68:, also dubbed "teacher-centered learning", which situates the teacher as the primarily "active" role while students take a more "passive", receptive role. In a teacher-centered classroom, teachers choose what the students will learn, how the students will learn, and how the students will be assessed on their learning. In contrast, student-centered learning requires students to be active, responsible participants in their own learning and with their own pace of learning.
96:, whose collective work focused on how students learn, have informed the move to student-centered learning. Dewey was an advocate for progressive education, and he believed that learning is a social and experiential process by making learning an active process as children learn by doing. He believed that a classroom environment in which students could learn to think critically and solve real world problems was the best way to prepare learners for the future.
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45:. In original usage, student-centered learning aims to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of students by imparting to them skills, and the basis on how to learn a specific subject and schemata required to measure up to the specific performance requirement. Student-centered instruction focuses on skills and practices that enable
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is important when fostering independent thinking skills. Vygotsky proclaims, "Learning which is oriented toward developmental levels that have already been reached is ineffective from the viewpoint of the child's overall development. It does not aim for a new stage of the developmental process, but
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than teacher-centered learning. In student-centered learning, students participate in the evaluation of their learning. This means that students are involved in deciding how to demonstrate their learning. Developing assessment that supports learning and motivation is essential to the success of
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focuses on the degree to which an individual's behavior is self-motivated and 'self-determined'. When students are allowed to gauge their learning, learning becomes an incentive, thus more meaningful. Placing students at the center of the classroom allows them to gauge their own self-worth which
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The success of this initiative was evaluated by surveying the students. After two years, the mean ratings indicating the students' perception of the quality of the teaching and learning environment at the university all rose significantly. The study is one of many examining the process of
135:, as opposed to an instructor. In essence, the teacher's goal in the learning process is to guide students into making new interpretations of the learning material, thereby 'experiencing' content, reaffirming Rogers' notion that "significant learning is acquired through doing".
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Usage of the term "student-centered learning" may also simply refer to educational mindsets or instructional methods that recognize individual differences in learners. In this sense, student-centered learning emphasizes each student's interests, abilities, and
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have been shown to be effective in higher education. They have been defined specifically within higher education as both a mindset and a culture within a given educational institution and as a learning approach broadly related to, and supported by,
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Through peer-to-peer interaction, collaborative thinking can lead to an abundance of knowledge. In placing a teacher closer to a peer level, knowledge and learning is enhanced, benefitting the student and classroom overall. According to
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Kraft, R. G. (1994). Bike riding and the art of learning. In L. B. Barnes, C. Roland
Christensen, & A. J. Hansen (Eds.), Teaching and the case method. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, Pg. 41
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Development of a model of a broadly based teaching and learning environment influencing the development of generic capabilities to provide evidence of the need for an interactive learning environment.
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Pedersen, S., & Liu, M. (2003). Teachers' beliefs about issues in the implementation of a student-centered learning environment. Educational
Technology Research and Development, 51(2), 57-76.
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Student-centered learning means inverting the traditional teacher-centered understanding of the learning process and putting students at the center of the learning process. In the
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One of the most critical differences between student-centered learning and teacher-centered learning is in assessment. Student-centered learning typically involves more
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was also a forerunner of student-centered learning, where preschool children learn through independent self-directed interaction with previously presented activities.
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In the U.S. the principles of student-centered instruction have been promoted as a way to improve engagement and boost achievement through their inclusion in the
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Projects funded through teaching development grants, of which 16 were concerned with the introduction of active learning experiences.
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Analysis of good practice by award-winning teachers, in all faculties, to show how they made use of active forms of student learning.
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Rogers, C. R. (1983). Freedom to Learn for the 80's. New York: Charles E. Merrill
Publishing Company, A Bell & Howell Company.
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A further distinction from a teacher-centered classroom to that of a student-centered classroom is when the teacher acts as a
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Geven, K.; Attard, A. (2012). "Time for
Student-Centred Learning?". In Curaj, Adrian; Scott, Peter; Vlasceanu, Laz?r (eds.).
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is strongly encouraged. Armstrong (2012) claimed that "traditional education ignores or suppresses learner responsibility".
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Cornelius-White, Jeffrey (2007). "Learner-centered teacher-student relationships are effective: A meta-analysis".
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implementing student-centered pedagogies in large institutions of higher education.
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classroom, teachers are the primary source for knowledge. On the other hand, in
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Jones, Leo. (2007). The
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Student-centered learning puts students' interests first, acknowledging
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Student-Centered
Learning Environments in Higher Education Classrooms
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Learning Environments in Higher Education Classrooms
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Subsequent use of the analysis to promote wider use of good practice.
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Teaching
Nursing: Developing a Student-centered Learning Environment
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Attard, Angele; Iorio, Emma Di; Geven, Koen; Santa, Robert (2014).
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The introduction of program reviews as a quality assurance measure.
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International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education
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The Student Centered Classroom: Vol 1: Social Studies and History
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Crumly, Cari; Dietz, Pamela; d’Angelo, Sarah (November 1, 2014).
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Technological Change and Societal Growth: Analyzing the Future
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Pedagogies for Student-Centered Learning: Online and On-Ground
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Student-Centered Learning. (2014). Education Reform Glossary.
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Pedagogies for Student-Centered Learning: Online and On-Ground
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as central to the learning experience. In a student-centered
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ESG, European Higher Education Area (May 15, 2015).
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2982:
2976:
2897:North Macedonia
2718:
2705:
2677:
2645:
2636:
2617:Northern Cyprus
2603:
2596:
2338:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2302:
2289:
2280:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2236:
2234:
2227:
1946:
1933:
1918:
1917:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1872:
1865:
1843:
1831:
1812:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1772:
1753:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1715:
1696:
1688:
1681:
1637:
1620:
1574:
1493:Active learning
1488:Teaching method
1463:Learning theory
1404:
1370:Autodidacticism
1365:Adult education
1351:
1292:Performing arts
1173:
1080:Teacher quality
1070:Standards-based
1026:
998:
987:
982:
935:
934:
933:
918:
917:
913:
906:
848:
843:
842:
835:
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
791:
781:
779:
772:
766:
762:
749:
745:
732:
728:
704:
698:
694:
683:
679:
669:
667:
659:
658:
654:
647:
639:. p. 182.
631:
627:
619:
615:
608:
592:
588:
581:
570:Mind in Society
565:
561:
551:
546:
542:
537:
530:
522:
518:
511:
495:
491:
476:
454:
447:
440:
424:
420:
412:
401:
395:
388:
383:
379:
374:
370:
365:
361:
356:
348:Teaching method
273:
266:
259:
254:
252:
249:
187:
175:
158:
126:active learning
84:Theorists like
82:
74:learning styles
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3747:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3675:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3625:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Norfolk Island
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3459:American Samoa
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3429:of New Zealand
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3311:Sint Eustatius
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Cayman Islands
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3074:European Union
3070:
3068:
3067:Other entities
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3021:other entities
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2972:United Kingdom
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2785:Czech Republic
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2305:
2292:
2283:
2269:Canary Islands
2265:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1838:
1833:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1782:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1718:
1717:
1713:Primary school
1707:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1426:Cognitive load
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1097:Evidence-based
1094:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1031:By perspective
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1000:
999:
989:
988:
981:
980:
973:
966:
958:
952:
951:
946:
941:
932:
931:
926:
920:
919:
908:
907:
905:
904:External links
902:
901:
900:
871:
862:
847:
844:
841:
840:
834:978-9400739376
833:
813:
801:
789:
760:
743:
726:
692:
677:
652:
646:978-1466602014
645:
625:
613:
607:978-1451489538
606:
600:. p. 26.
586:
579:
573:. p. 89.
559:
548:Armstrong 2012
540:
528:
516:
510:978-1317919490
509:
503:. p. 19.
489:
474:
445:
439:978-0781757720
438:
418:
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368:
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357:
355:
352:
351:
350:
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340:
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278:
264:
261:Schools portal
248:
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230:
227:
224:
221:
195:Shimer College
186:
183:
174:
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157:
154:
81:
78:
62:learning space
26:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
3746:
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3727:
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3684:
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3636:French Guiana
3634:
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3609:
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3525:
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3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:New Caledonia
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Easter Island
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3442:
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3409:
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3327:
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3319:
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3312:
3309:
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3304:
3302:
3299:
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3272:
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3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3218:
3212:
3211:United States
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:Faroe Islands
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:South Ossetia
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Liechtenstein
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:South Ossetia
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:Guinea-Bissau
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:Undergraduate
1861:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1799:
1793:
1789:
1788:Middle school
1786:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
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1553:Project-based
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1548:Problem-based
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1237:Environmental
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1162:Instructional
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1065:Psychometrics
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836:
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747:
739:
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730:
722:
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688:
681:
670:September 16,
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629:
623:, p. 26.
622:
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63:
59:
58:student voice
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3663:
3619:Dependencies
3450:Dependencies
3436:Cook Islands
3316:Sint Maarten
3296:Saint Martin
3010:Transnistria
2642:Dependencies
2572:Turkmenistan
2537:Saudi Arabia
2308:Saint Helena
2279:
2183:South Africa
2173:Sierra Leone
1978:Burkina Faso
1870:Postgraduate
1686:Kindergarten
1557:
1538:Personalized
1518:Experiential
1478:Teacher look
1187:Agricultural
1043:Anthropology
914:
879:
875:
866:
857:
823:
816:
804:
792:
780:. Retrieved
776:
763:
753:
746:
736:
729:
715:(3): 93–94.
712:
708:
695:
686:
680:
668:. Retrieved
664:
655:
635:
628:
616:
596:
589:
569:
562:
550:, p. 2.
543:
519:
499:
492:
457:
428:
421:
410:the original
405:
380:
371:
362:
241:
211:
199:
176:
159:
141:Lev Vygotsky
137:
130:
124:classrooms,
121:
117:
115:
108:
98:
94:Lev Vygotsky
83:
70:
55:
34:
30:
29:
3693:WikiProject
3383:New Zealand
3286:Puerto Rico
3196:Saint Lucia
3146:El Salvador
3048:Isle of Man
2983:recognition
2957:Switzerland
2892:Netherlands
2701:Asia portal
2602:States with
2522:Philippines
2462:South Korea
2457:North Korea
2352:Afghanistan
2235:recognition
2188:South Sudan
2078:Ivory Coast
1794:High school
1591:Definitions
1468:Lesson plan
1357:Alternative
1262:Mathematics
1232:Engineering
882:(1): 1–13.
809:Kember 2009
797:Kember 2009
621:Crumly 2014
484:j.ctt9m0skc
179:Common Core
149:Scaffolding
133:facilitator
100:Carl Rogers
90:Jean Piaget
3708:Categories
3281:Montserrat
3276:Martinique
3271:Guadeloupe
3126:Costa Rica
2927:San Marino
2887:Montenegro
2867:Luxembourg
2847:Kazakhstan
2750:Azerbaijan
2582:Uzbekistan
2557:Tajikistan
2472:Kyrgyzstan
2452:Kazakhstan
2372:Bangladesh
2362:Azerbaijan
2290:(Portugal)
2248:Somaliland
2168:Seychelles
2133:Mozambique
2118:Mauritania
2103:Madagascar
2058:The Gambia
1993:Cape Verde
1846:Continuing
1836:Vocational
1441:Curriculum
1375:Democratic
1347:Vocational
1337:Technology
1297:Philosophy
1179:By subject
1157:Technology
1137:Psychology
1122:Philosophy
1112:Leadership
1053:Evaluation
1048:Assessment
846:References
580:0674076699
86:John Dewey
80:Background
3714:Curricula
3608:Venezuela
3553:Argentina
3353:Australia
3266:Greenland
3181:Nicaragua
3156:Guatemala
3038:Gibraltar
2862:Lithuania
2668:Hong Kong
2622:Palestine
2547:Sri Lanka
2542:Singapore
2422:Indonesia
2123:Mauritius
1679:Preschool
1579:Wikimedia
1317:Religious
1242:Euthenics
1227:Economics
1207:Chemistry
1197:Bilingual
1152:Sociology
1107:Inclusion
1087:Economics
985:Education
896:145136281
721:1812-9129
214:Hong Kong
164:and less
3724:Pedagogy
3683:Category
3598:Suriname
3588:Paraguay
3573:Colombia
3368:Kiribati
3231:Anguilla
3166:Honduras
3136:Dominica
3111:Barbados
3058:Svalbard
3043:Guernsey
2990:Abkhazia
2942:Slovenia
2937:Slovakia
2912:Portugal
2770:Bulgaria
2691:Category
2612:Abkhazia
2562:Thailand
2517:Pakistan
2497:Mongolia
2492:Maldives
2487:Malaysia
2387:Cambodia
2314: /
2310: /
2303:(France)
2297: /
2275: /
2271: /
2223:Zimbabwe
2198:Tanzania
2048:Ethiopia
2043:Eswatini
2023:Djibouti
1988:Cameroon
1973:Botswana
1563:Socratic
1523:Feedback
1409:Concepts
1302:Physical
1272:Military
1252:Language
1202:Business
1142:Research
1132:Politics
1117:Pedagogy
1012:Glossary
997:Overview
782:April 9,
343:SCALE-UP
247:See also
3603:Uruguay
3578:Ecuador
3558:Bolivia
3519:Tokelau
3418:Vanuatu
3261:Curaçao
3246:Bonaire
3241:Bermuda
3171:Jamaica
3151:Grenada
3106:Bahamas
2967:Ukraine
2917:Romania
2877:Moldova
2835:Ireland
2830:Iceland
2825:Hungary
2815:Germany
2810:Georgia
2800:Finland
2795:Estonia
2790:Denmark
2775:Croatia
2760:Belgium
2755:Belarus
2745:Austria
2740:Armenia
2735:Andorra
2730:Albania
2587:Vietnam
2502:Myanmar
2482:Lebanon
2412:Georgia
2367:Bahrain
2357:Armenia
2299:RĂ©union
2295:Mayotte
2286:Madeira
2281:(Spain)
2277:Melilla
2208:Tunisia
2178:Somalia
2163:Senegal
2148:Nigeria
2138:Namibia
2128:Morocco
2093:Liberia
2088:Lesotho
2038:Eritrea
2008:Comoros
1983:Burundi
1958:Algeria
1866:→
1841:Further
1796:→
1791:→
1773:→
1737:→
1732:→
1716:→
1689:→
1682:→
1528:Passive
1451:Studies
1332:Teacher
1322:Science
1312:Reading
1307:Physics
1282:Nursing
1267:Medical
1102:History
1022:Outline
1004:General
43:student
41:to the
39:teacher
3583:Guyana
3563:Brazil
3494:Hawaii
3413:Tuvalu
3186:Panama
3176:Mexico
3121:Canada
3116:Belize
3053:Jersey
2995:Kosovo
2962:Turkey
2952:Sweden
2932:Serbia
2922:Russia
2907:Poland
2902:Norway
2882:Monaco
2852:Latvia
2820:Greece
2805:France
2780:Cyprus
2632:Taiwan
2567:Turkey
2532:Russia
2467:Kuwait
2447:Jordan
2437:Israel
2397:Cyprus
2382:Brunei
2377:Bhutan
2318:
2301:
2288:
2218:Zambia
2213:Uganda
2153:Rwanda
2108:Malawi
2068:Guinea
1963:Angola
1913:Portal
1873:
1832:
1735:Junior
1730:Infant
1635:Stages
1611:Quotes
1596:Images
1456:Theory
1446:Hidden
1342:Values
1247:Health
1222:Design
1147:Rights
1127:Policy
912:about
894:
831:
719:
643:
604:
577:
507:
482:
472:
436:
3568:Chile
3408:Tonga
3398:Samoa
3388:Palau
3378:Nauru
3236:Aruba
3161:Haiti
3028:Ă…land
2947:Spain
2872:Malta
2842:Italy
2673:Macau
2592:Yemen
2552:Syria
2527:Qatar
2507:Nepal
2442:Japan
2417:India
2407:Egypt
2392:China
2273:Ceuta
2193:Sudan
2143:Niger
2098:Libya
2083:Kenya
2063:Ghana
2053:Gabon
2028:Egypt
1968:Benin
1616:Texts
1586:Books
1287:Peace
1277:Music
1257:Legal
1217:Death
1017:Index
892:S2CID
773:(PDF)
705:(PDF)
480:JSTOR
413:(PDF)
402:(PDF)
354:Notes
3593:Peru
3489:Guam
3441:Niue
3363:Fiji
3306:Saba
3131:Cuba
2512:Oman
2477:Laos
2432:Iraq
2427:Iran
2203:Togo
2113:Mali
2003:Chad
1606:News
829:ISBN
784:2023
717:ISSN
672:2020
665:KQED
641:ISBN
602:ISBN
575:ISBN
554:help
505:ISBN
470:ISBN
434:ISBN
92:and
3621:and
2644:and
1327:Sex
1192:Art
884:doi
462:doi
3710::
890:.
880:58
878:.
856:.
827:.
775:.
713:23
711:.
707:.
663:.
531:^
478:.
468:.
448:^
404:.
389:^
88:,
1848:)
1844:(
977:e
970:t
963:v
898:.
886::
837:.
786:.
723:.
689:.
674:.
649:.
610:.
583:.
556:)
513:.
486:.
464::
442:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
