750:
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792:
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133:
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36:
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443:
refers to a drupe having a stone which can be removed from the flesh with ease. The flesh is not attached to the stone and does not need to be cut to free the stone. Freestone varieties of fruits are preferred for uses that require careful removal of the stone, especially if removal will be done by
462:
refers to a drupe having a stone which cannot be easily removed from the flesh. The flesh is attached strongly to the stone and must be cut to free the stone. Clingstone varieties of fruits in the genus
604:), so this type of fruit is classified as a simple dry, fibrous drupe. Unlike other drupes, the coconut seed is so large that it is unlikely to be dispersed by being swallowed by
529:
with the seed inside unharmed. This passage through the digestive tract can reduce the thickness of the endocarp, thus can aid in germination rates. The process is known as
641:
Certain drupes occur in large clusters, as in the case of palm species, where a large array of drupes is found in a cluster. Examples of such large drupe clusters include
764:
1025:
291:. Other fleshy fruits may have a stony enclosure that comes from the seed coat surrounding the seed, but such fruits are not drupes.
1084:
1090:
791:
467:
are preferred as table fruit and for jams, because the flesh of clingstone fruits tends to be more tender and juicy throughout.
382:
is applied to a fruit having the structure and texture of a drupe, but which does not precisely fit the definition of a drupe.
390:
The boundary between a drupe and a berry is not always clear. Thus, some sources describe the fruit of species from the genus
962:
749:
703:
497:
family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, thus are not true botanical
1043:"Evolution of dispersal strategies in conifers: Functional divergence and convergence in the morphology of diaspores"
1007:
849:
119:
100:
1134:
72:
719:
521:(pit or stone) is sometimes dropped after the fleshy part is eaten, but is often swallowed, passing through the
1803:
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57:
79:
17:
1019:
622:
are aggregates of drupelets. The fruit of blackberries and raspberries comes from a single flower whose
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954:
86:
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414: in) thick, other fruits with a stony endocarp being drupes. In marginal cases, terms such as
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Contreras, D.L.; Duijnstee, I.A.P.; Ranks, S.; Marshall, C.R.; Looy, C.V. (February 2017).
8:
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1378:
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Many drupes, with their sweet, fleshy outer layer, attract the attention of animals as a
433:) can be a synonym for drupe or, more typically, it can mean just the fruit of the genus
236:
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647:
93:
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177:-month period, from bud formation in early winter to fruit ripening in midsummer
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Fleshy fruit with hard inner layer (endocarp or stone) surrounding the seed
1256:
400:, as a drupe, others describe avocado fruit as a berry. One definition of
1540:
1348:
1339:
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1168:
926:
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278:, and may together form an aggregate fruit. Such fruits are often termed
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The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, woody (
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770:'Black Butte' blackberry, a bramble fruit of aggregated drupelets
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The development sequence of a typical drupe, a smooth-skinned (
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477:-like drupes that are difficult to categorize. Hickory nuts (
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137:
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874:
Categorical
Glossary for the Flora of North America Project
811:
608:, but it can float extremely long distances—across oceans.
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510:
372:
270:, which is composed of small, individual drupes (such as a
228:
145:
444:
hand. Freestone plums are preferred for making homegrown
1047:
Perspectives in Plant
Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
1308:
897:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
513:, and the plant population benefits from the resulting
638:, each drupelet thus belonging to a different flower.
577:(Indian gooseberries). Other examples include sloe (
998:Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
837:
868:Kiger, Robert W. & Porter, Duncan M. (2001).
626:is made up of a number of free carpels. However,
404:requires the endocarp to be less than 2 mm (
1790:
239:. These fruits usually develop from a single
1324:
1128:
867:
844:(Seventh ed.). Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown.
664:Drupe-like "fruits" are also known in many
1331:
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205:, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1023:, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
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939:
927:"Identification of Major Fruit Types"
915:
835:
1000:Excursion Flora of the British Isles
824:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1142:
1085:Identification of Major Fruit Types
1021:Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis
892:
858:
800:"fruits", often noted as drupe-like
634:, actually derived from bunches of
24:
886:
452:are preferred for making pies and
25:
1820:
1078:
790:
775:
763:
748:
733:
718:
713:is a typical drupe (stone fruit)
702:
690:
34:
473:is a specialized term for such
341:, and all members of the genus
274:), each individual is termed a
243:, and mostly from flowers with
197:in which an outer fleshy part (
45:needs additional citations for
1105:New International Encyclopedia
1034:
1012:
992:
971:
525:, and returned to the soil in
385:
13:
1:
818:
1002:. Cambridge University Press
600:is fibrous or dry (termed a
297:that produce drupes include
258:) stone is derived from the
136:Diagram of a typical drupe (
7:
1068:10.1016/j.ppees.2016.11.002
836:Stern, Kingsley R. (1997).
805:
536:
284:, although botanists use a
10:
1825:
955:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
840:Introductory Plant Biology
683:
504:
1731:
1644:
1466:
1346:
1285:
1244:
1151:
1028:October 17, 2012, at the
978:Armstrong, W. P. (2009).
925:Armstrong, W. P. (2008).
596:is also a drupe, but the
1756:Queensland macadamia nut
1338:
1018:C. Michael Hogan. 2008.
870:"Find term 'drupaceous'"
313:, most palms (including
286:different definition of
899:Flora of North America
541:Typical drupes include
1553:Johnstone River almond
951:The Kew Plant Glossary
949:Beentje, Henk (2010).
515:dispersal of its seeds
178:
148:
1804:Edible nuts and seeds
1481:Australian cashew nut
725:'Elena', a freestone
654:Washingtonia filifera
651:in central Chile and
396:, which includes the
154:
135:
1245:Categories of fruits
980:"Fruits Called Nuts"
953:. Richmond, Surrey:
893:Wofford, B. Eugene.
814:(polypyrenous drupe)
54:improve this article
1559:Irvingia gabonensis
1059:2017PPEES..24...93C
614:fruits such as the
249:polypyrenous drupes
1716:Single-leaf pinyon
1091:Fruits Called Nuts
661:of North America.
251:are exceptions).
179:
149:
1786:
1785:
1684:Monkey-puzzle nut
1546:Shellbark hickory
1531:Mockernut hickory
1491:Borneo tallow nut
1306:
1305:
964:978-1-84246-422-9
755:Unripe drupes of
159:) type of peach (
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1816:
1809:Fruit morphology
1541:Shagbark hickory
1443:Malabar chestnut
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648:Jubaea chilensis
448:, and freestone
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295:Flowering plants
245:superior ovaries
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1701:Colorado pinyon
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1277:Dehiscent fruit
1267:Aggregate fruit
1252:Accessory fruit
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1152:Types of fruits
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268:aggregate fruit
201:, or skin, and
193:) is a type of
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1629:English walnut
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1575:Planted karuka
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1455:
1453:Red bopple nut
1450:
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1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1416:European hazel
1413:
1408:
1406:American hazel
1398:
1397:
1396:
1394:Sweet chestnut
1386:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1372:European beech
1369:
1367:American beech
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1349:botanical nuts
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580:Prunus spinosa
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161:Prunus persica
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1659:Burrawang nut
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904:. eFloras.org
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110:November 2011
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1763:Paradise nut
1670:
1619:Black walnut
1593:Panda oleosa
1591:
1557:
1467:
1411:Beaked hazel
1257:Simple fruit
1190:
1103:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1020:
1014:
999:
994:
983:. Retrieved
973:
950:
930:. Retrieved
906:. Retrieved
902:
898:
888:
877:. Retrieved
873:
839:
757:black pepper
663:
652:
646:
640:
610:
601:
591:
586:Hedera helix
584:
578:
540:
508:
495:Juglandaceae
488:
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335:white sapote
293:
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262:wall of the
253:
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107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Stone fruits
1773:Peanut tree
1733:Angiosperms
1706:Korean pine
1646:Gymnosperms
1580:Wild karuka
1426:Asian hazel
1298:Drift fruit
1169:Hesperidium
666:gymnosperms
583:) and ivy (
454:cherry soup
427:stone fruit
386:Terminology
237:indehiscent
191:stone fruit
1793:Categories
1741:Brazil nut
1721:Stone pine
1666:Ginkgo nut
1496:Breadfruit
1226:Schizocarp
1093:(archived)
1087:(archived)
1053:: 93–117.
985:2023-01-16
932:2023-01-16
908:2017-03-29
879:2015-08-14
819:References
727:prune plum
628:mulberries
616:blackberry
460:Clingstone
431:stonefruit
420:drupe-like
416:drupaceous
380:drupaceous
80:newspapers
1746:Macadamia
1679:Bunya nut
1672:Araucaria
1624:Butternut
1609:Pistachio
1599:Pekea nut
1521:Gabon nut
1486:Betel nut
1438:Kurrajong
1384:Candlenut
1347:True, or
1186:Caryopsis
1143:Types of
784:areca nut
742:nectarine
678:cypresses
676:and some
620:raspberry
493:) in the
441:Freestone
425:The term
378:The term
369:nectarine
331:pistachio
327:oil palms
272:raspberry
256:lignified
163:) over a
157:nectarine
1691:Pine nut
1634:Heartnut
1604:Pili nut
1587:Mongongo
1565:Jack nut
1448:Palm nut
1433:Kola nut
1401:Hazelnut
1389:Chestnut
1379:Breadnut
1293:Diaspore
1286:Function
1236:Syconium
1196:Follicle
1026:Archived
901:(online)
895:"Persea"
806:See also
618:and the
598:mesocarp
563:cherries
543:apricots
537:Examples
519:endocarp
276:drupelet
266:. In an
225:endocarp
203:mesocarp
1778:Soybean
1526:Hickory
1511:Coconut
1421:Filbert
1231:Silique
1181:Capsule
1108:. 1905.
1055:Bibcode
782:A ripe
684:Gallery
674:ginkgos
657:in the
636:catkins
612:Bramble
594:coconut
567:mangoes
555:peaches
505:Ecology
490:Juglans
485:walnuts
409:⁄
398:avocado
353:apricot
281:berries
227:with a
199:exocarp
172:⁄
94:scholar
69:"Drupe"
1799:Drupes
1768:Peanut
1614:Walnut
1570:Karuka
1516:Durian
1501:Cashew
1476:Almond
1468:Drupes
1221:Samara
1206:Loment
1201:Legume
1159:Achene
1145:fruits
1006:
961:
848:
798:Ginkgo
670:cycads
624:pistil
573:, and
571:pecans
551:loquat
547:olives
517:. The
483:) and
465:Prunus
446:prunes
435:Prunus
429:(also
393:Persea
371:, and
361:damson
357:cherry
349:almond
344:Prunus
339:cashew
303:jujube
299:coffee
264:flower
241:carpel
233:kernel
220:pyrena
213:(US),
209:(UK),
183:botany
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1675:spp.
1654:Cycad
1536:Pecan
1362:Beech
1357:Acorn
1191:Drupe
1164:Berry
711:peach
668:like
643:dates
606:fauna
575:amlas
559:plums
527:feces
480:Carya
471:Tryma
402:berry
365:peach
323:sabal
311:olive
307:mango
288:berry
260:ovary
217:, or
215:stone
195:fruit
187:drupe
142:fruit
138:peach
101:JSTOR
87:books
1340:Nuts
1216:Pome
1174:Pepo
1004:ISBN
959:ISBN
846:ISBN
812:Pome
709:The
602:husk
592:The
511:food
499:nuts
373:plum
325:and
319:date
315:açaí
229:seed
189:(or
185:, a
146:seed
144:and
73:news
1211:Nut
1063:doi
589:).
475:nut
418:or
329:),
211:pit
207:pip
181:In
56:by
1795::
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