446:. Nozette was also the president, treasurer and director of the Alliance for Competitive Technology (ACT), a non-profit organization that he organized in March 1990. In 2006 ACT acted for Mississippi State University in bringing together MSU and British microsatellite manufacturer SSTL to form Infinisat as part of a $ 20m earmark in the FY05 and 06 NASA budget for NASA Stennis Space Centre courtesy of Mississippi Senator Thad Cochran. ACT was also involved with the $ 40m earmark in the same budget, courtesy of Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, for MSFC’s lander programme.
455:
mortgages, nine credit cards, a tennis club, pool cleaning, and the
Mercedes-Benz Credit Corporation. Documents found by the Justice Department while investigating these irregularities included classified documents and an e-mail in which Nozette "threatened to take a classified program on which he worked to an unnamed foreign country or Israel." This information was passed along to the FBI.
471:, however, does not charge that "the government of Israel or anyone acting on its behalf committed any offense under U.S. laws." Nozette's contention is that this was a sting set up as the result of being forced to co-operate in a planned sting of senior political leadership responsible for NASA funding in Mississippi and Alabama. This is documented in his pardon plea.
490:
and Public
Corruption Section of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia and Trial Attorney Kenneth C. Vert from the Department of Justice’s Tax Division. He was sentenced to thirteen years of prison. Held in custody since his arrest in 2009, Nozette received credit for the time he had already served. Nozette was released on November 13, 2020.
489:
Nozette reached a plea bargain with prosecutors and pleaded guilty to a single count of espionage, as well as pleading guilty earlier to the charges of fraud and tax evasion. The prosecution of the fraud and tax evasion case was handled by
Assistant U.S. Attorney Michael K. Atkinson from the Fraud
458:
In
September 2009, Nozette began receiving phone calls from a person claiming to be an agent of Mossad. In reality this was an undercover FBI agent. Nozette expressed a willingness to exchange American intelligence for financial rewards. His first payment was received upon his answers to a list of
454:
Nozette was under investigation by the
Justice Department for possible fraudulent billing on a NASA contract by a nonprofit corporation he ran, "Alliance for Competitive Technology". An agent for the NASA inspector general had found billing to NASA for expenses including, among other things, three
364:
on the south pole of the Moon. Although the significance of the result was questioned, measurements made by subsequent Lunar missions have supported the hypothesis that the Moon holds substantially greater reserves of water than had been thought based on Apollo program results and confirmed
1055:
Spudis, P.D.; Bussey, D.B.J.; Baloga, S.M.; Cahill, T.S.; Glaze, L.S.; Patterson, G.W.; Raney, R.K.; Thompson, T.W.; Thompson, B.J.; Ustinov, E.A. (2013). "Evidence for Water Ice on the Moon: Results for
Anomalous Polar Craters From the LRO Mini-RF imaging Radar".
463:
contained "information classified as both top secret and secret that concerned US satellites, early warning systems, means of defense or retaliation against large-scale attack, communications intelligence information, and major elements of defense strategy." The
868:
1726:
1236:
1440:
1681:
459:
questions regarding
American satellite technology for public access GPS. The information he claimed he would hand over included classified information. A folder left for this contact in a
1621:
31:
1279:
274:
employee. He pleaded guilty to one charge of attempted espionage and was sentenced, under the terms of a plea bargain, to thirteen years in prison. After serving time at the
1004:
Campbell, Donald B.; Campbell, Bruce A.; Carter, Lynn M.; Margot, Jean-Luc; Stacy, Nicholas J. S. (2006). "No evidence for thick deposits of ice at the lunar south pole".
1406:
1195:
816:
1731:
1484:
365:
Nozette's original findings. The engineering model of the
Clementine spacecraft, which Nozette worked on, hangs in the Air & Space Museum in Washington, DC.
247:. He is also a convicted felon for attempted espionage and fraud against the United States. The FBI arrested him on October 19, 2009, charging him with attempted
1721:
1426:
1357:
Office of Public
Affairs | Noted Scientist Sentenced to 13-Year Prison Term for Attempted Espionage, Fraud and Tax Charges | United States Department of Justice
1233:
353:
as a means to both provide a test bed for the development of lighter, more cost effective advanced space technology, as well as to obtain data for the Moon.
1696:
1531:
1309:
544:
Spudis, Paul D.; Bussey, B.; Lichtenberg, C.; Marinelli, B.; Nozette, S. (2005). "mini-SAR: An
Imaging Radar for the Chandrayaan 1 Mission to the Moon".
349:
In the early 1990s, Nozette, as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative's 'Brilliant Pebbles', conceived the idea (and then led the mission) of the
1488:
1626:
1616:
1507:
831:
1582:
275:
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Nozette, Stewart; John S. Lewis (9 April 1982). "Venus: Chemical Weathering of Igneous Rocks and Buffering of Atmospheric Composition".
1711:
1691:
1276:
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1252:
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's FY2006 Budget Request: Description, Analysis, and Issues for Congress (fas.org)
319:
883:
240:
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737:
Nozette, S.; Boynton, W.V (16 October 1981). "Superheavy Elements: An Early Solar System Upper Limit for Elements 107 to 110".
546:
148:
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315:
91:
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1508:"Stewart Nozette Mini-RF Principal Investigator (on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter) and Co-investigator (on Chandrayaan-1)"
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906:
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565:
271:
959:
Simpson, R. A.; Tyler, G. L. (1999). "Reanalysis of Clementine bistatic radar data from the lunar South Pole".
397:
155:
1371:
869:
Maryland scientist Stewart Nozette sentenced for passing secrets to supposed Mossad agent, expresses regret
439:
1706:
415:
172:
1477:
227:(born May 20, 1957) is an American planetary scientist, technologist, and consultant who worked for the
1515:
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1701:
1306:"Office of the Pardon Attorney | Search for a Case | United States Department of Justice"
503:
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561:"Integration of lunar polar remote-sensing data sets: Evidence for ice at the lunar south pole"
508:
431:
393:
385:
164:
596:
Pettengill, G.H.; Ford, P.G.; Nozette, S. (1982). "Venus: Global Surface Radar Reflectivity".
474:
According to the criminal complaint, Nozette told his espionage contact that his parents were
1478:"Criminal Complaint, United States of America v. Stewart David Nozette, case number 09-0565M"
350:
303:
87:
330:
In 1983-1984 Nozette was co-director of the California Space Institute, affiliated with the
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between 1998 and 2008. After he left the government job, Nozette was heavily involved in
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643:
Nozette, Stewart; et al. (16 December 1994). "The Clementine mission to the Moon".
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578:
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772:
739:
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692:
678:
645:
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468:
369:
1152:"An Upper Limit for ice in Shackleton Crater as revealed by LRO Mini RF Orbital Radar"
880:
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Scott Shane, "Ex-White House Scientist Pleads Guilty in Spy Case Tied to Israel,"
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479:
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318:, 1983). He worked a couple of summers in the 1970's as a guide-lecturer at the
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1111:"Initial Results for the North Pole of the Moon from the Chandrayaan-1 Mission"
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1994 Aerospace Laurel Award for outstanding achievement in the field of Space
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Jim McElhatton, "Prominent scientist pleads guilty to attempted espionage,"
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388:. He held Top Secret security clearances to study nuclear material with the
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290:, on May 20, 1957, to Helen and Morris Nozette. He grew up in Chicago’s
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American people convicted of attempted spying against the United States
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126:
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Toby Harnden, "Top US scientist accused of trying to spy for Israel,"
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Attempting to transfer American nuclear and space technology to Israel
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62:
486:. He also asked allegedly for two million dollars and a passport.
403:. From 1989 to 2006, Nozette held a security clearance as high as
30:
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58:
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Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Vol 26,
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
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results from Clementine claimed to support the discovery of
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The Physical and Chemical Properties of the Surface of Venus
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United States District Court for the District of Columbia
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Alliance for Competitive Technology (1990–present)
1532:"US scientist charged with attempted spying for Israel"
368:
Over the course of his career, Nozette held high level
1427:"Top US scientist accused of trying to spy for Israel"
530:
1995 Space Frontier Foundation Vision to Reality Award
1583:"Maryland Scientist Charged with Attempted Espionage"
881:
US scientist Stewart Nozette admits Israel spy charge
411:. He left the employ of the U.S. government in 2006.
16:
American scientist imprisoned for attempted espionage
689:
1458:"Scientist arrested on spy charges; worked for DoD"
736:
342:as an Assistant Professor of Aerospace Engineering
1632:FBI Criminal Complaint USA v Stewart David Nozette
1506:Nozette, Stewart; Bill Keeter (18 November 2008).
1505:
322:while he was home from the University of Arizona.
1732:People convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917
1653:
533:X-Prize Foundation New Spirit of St. Louis Award
259:. At trial, Nozette admitted attempting to sell
1722:American people convicted of spying for Israel
1109:Spudis, P.D; Nozette, S.; et al. (2010).
281:
1108:
502:1994 for his conception and execution of the
414:Nozette worked as a technical consultant for
278:, Nozette was released on November 13, 2020.
276:Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute
1697:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory staff
958:
814:The Scientist Who Mistook Himself for a Spy
518:Rotary National Award for Space Achievement
376:nuclear and satellite programs. He held a
1224:
1222:
934:Stewart Nozette, "The Clementine Mission"
898:
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521:National Space Club Nelson P Jackson Award
255:which Nozette's lawyer claims amounted to
29:
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1397:"Scientist Gets 13 Years in Spying Case"
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1058:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
938:1995, p. 1061, doi:1995LPI....26.1061N (
874:
799:
797:
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320:Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)
1476:Martell, Leslie G. (October 16, 2009).
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642:
558:
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241:United States Naval Research Laboratory
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904:An Israel Espionage Drama, Sans Israel
841:
806:
559:Nozette, Stewart; et al. (2001).
547:Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
384:clearance, and was read into multiple
263:to someone he believed was an Israeli
149:Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
1150:Thompson, B.J.; et al. (2012b).
861:
790:
316:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
92:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1443:from the original on 22 October 2009
1566:. November 12, 2008. Archived from
1456:Margasak, Larry (19 October 2009).
1324:
466:United States Department of Justice
332:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
233:United States Department of Defense
161:United States Department of Defense
141:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
13:
1717:American people convicted of fraud
1593:. October 19, 2009. Archived from
1409:from the original on 22 March 2012
525:Aviation Week and Space Technology
500:NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal
407:and handled documents relating to
390:United States Department of Energy
229:United States Department of Energy
153:United States Department of Energy
110:NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal
14:
1743:
1642:Nozette Sentencing Memo-Espionage
1610:
1542:. 19 October 2009. Archived from
1275:Washington Times," Sept 7, 2011.
1198:from the original on May 24, 2021
267:operative, but was in reality an
1712:Espionage scandals and incidents
1692:21st-century American physicists
829:Spying Charges Against Scientist
1494:from the original on 2013-08-18
1374:from the original on 2014-01-29
1360:
1351:
1312:from the original on 7 May 2023
1298:
1289:
1255:
1246:
1192:"Clementine, Engineering Model"
1184:
1143:
1102:
1048:
997:
566:Journal of Geophysical Research
272:Federal Bureau of Investigation
952:
928:
1:
1677:American planetary scientists
1647:Nozette Sentencing Memo-Fraud
1388:
1243:, retrieved 19 October 2009).
838:, October 20, 2009, page A19
667:10.1126/science.266.5192.1835
302:with honors and distinction (
156:Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
1687:University of Arizona alumni
803:Agence France-Presse (2009).
761:10.1126/science.214.4518.331
714:10.1126/science.216.4542.181
620:10.1126/science.217.4560.640
440:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
338:. From there he went to the
7:
1337:September 8, 2011, p A22 (
416:Israel Aerospace Industries
282:Personal life and education
261:U.S. classified information
173:Goddard Space Flight Center
10:
1748:
890:BBC News. 7 September 2011
478:, and therefore claimed a
294:neighborhood and earned a
1627:Nozette Indian Experience
1295:DOJ press release (2009).
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442:and a co-investigator on
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21:
1261:News | GRI (msstate.edu)
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372:and worked on sensitive
356:Nozette and colleagues'
1672:Scientists from Chicago
386:special access programs
1637:Nozette Plea Agreement
1564:National Space Society
509:National Space Society
432:principal investigator
394:National Space Council
165:National Space Council
538:Selected publications
351:Clementine spacecraft
304:University of Arizona
225:Stewart David Nozette
88:University of Arizona
42:Stewart David Nozette
1540:Agence France-Presse
1230:The Daily Telegraph,
1177:10.1029/2012GL052119
1136:10.1029/2009GL042259
981:10.1029/1998JE900038
823:, Oct 21 2009; also
588:10.1029/2000JE001417
573:(E10): 23253–23266.
450:Espionage and arrest
422:'s extraterrestrial
286:Nozette was born in
1622:The FBI Sting Video
1570:on February 5, 2005
1432:The Daily Telegraph
1425:(19 October 2009).
1168:2012GeoRL..3914201T
1127:2010GeoRL..37.6204S
1070:2013JGRE..118.2016S
1026:10.1038/nature05167
1018:2006Natur.443..835C
973:1999JGR...104.3845S
753:1981Sci...214..331N
706:1982Sci...216..181N
659:1994Sci...266.1835N
653:(5192): 1835–1839.
612:1982Sci...217..640P
579:2001JGR...10623253N
513:Space Pioneer Award
370:security clearances
340:University of Texas
145:University of Texas
1707:Incarcerated spies
1546:on 27 October 2009
1518:on 23 October 2009
1405:. March 22, 2012.
1344:2017-10-16 at the
1282:2011-09-08 at the
1239:2019-07-10 at the
1156:Geophys. Res. Lett
1115:Geophys. Res. Lett
1078:10.1002/jgre.20156
945:2012-10-25 at the
913:," Jewish Forward.
909:2011-10-19 at the
886:2018-07-18 at the
834:2018-07-02 at the
819:2012-05-10 at the
504:Clementine mission
469:criminal complaint
438:instrument on the
312:Planetary sciences
1587:DOJ press release
1560:"Stewart Nozette"
1012:(7113): 835–837.
967:(E2): 3845–3862.
867:Washington Post,
747:(4518): 331–333.
700:(4542): 181–183.
606:(4560): 640–642.
409:national security
401:George H. W. Bush
392:, and was on the
288:Chicago, Illinois
222:
221:
213:Gordon Pettengill
167:(1989–1990)
158:(1990–1999)
131:Planetary Science
117:Scientific career
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1462:Associated Press
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482:under Israel's
480:right to return
461:post office box
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300:geosciences
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