68:
61:
274:
266:
301:
3825:
258:
3835:
372:, brought water from 20 km away, which was stored in two large open reservoirs in the east of the city, while further west a porticoed space, now called the Square of the Cisterns, stood above a set of seventeen vaulted cisterns, capable of holding 7,000 kilolitres. These were rediscovered during the Italian occupation, when they were found to be used as a hiding place for rebels, two or three hundred of whom could easily hide in them.
3845:
45:
465:
condemned at Nicaea in 325 was named. Secundus, who was bishop of
Ptolemais and a patron of Arius, is listed among those present at the council. He refused to accept its decree and was deposed by the bishop of Alexandria, but later recovered power. His Arian successor Stephanus was deposed in about
379:. There are many chamber tombs in the quarries east and west of the city, which have yielded a few tombstones and numerous inscriptions. Important sculptures and inscriptions have also been found within the city, including imperial edicts such as that by which Diocletian attempted to fix prices.
293:, 24 kilometres (15 mi) inland, he transformed into a city that enclosed 280 hectares within its walls. Ptolemais probably served as the residence of the Ptolemaic governor of the region but, in spite of its large area, its population did not rival that of Cyrene, which under
352:
Buried in the sands, the town's ruins have been remarkably well preserved. Excavation of the site began in the 1930s, revealing a planned city of rectangular shape, some 1650 by 1400 metres (about one square mile) and composed of blocks of about 180 by 36 metres. It held a
484:(553) were signed by Georgius of Ptolemais. The last bishop of Ptolemais mentioned by the sources is Gabriel (6th century), the signing Archbishop Gabrielis Pentapolis. Information on all of these can be found, for instance, in
331:
struck the region and destroyed all the five major cities of the
Pentapolis. Ptolemais survived the tragedy in relatively good condition. It served as capital of Cyrenaica until 428. The city was destroyed by the
393:
were stolen. Looters tunnelled into the vault and broke into two safes that held the artifacts which were part of the so-called
Benghazi Treasure. The objects have not been traced.
3869:
289:(246–221 BC). What had been a small Greek settlement of unknown name that originated in the late 7th century BC and that acted as a port for the city of
3889:
297:
became the capital of the region that, from then on, and still today, is called
Cyrenaica. However, the term "Pentapolis" also continued to be used.
565:
972:
3884:
376:
3894:
415:
at an early stage, since it seems to have been the see of the
Pentapolitan bishop Basilides to whom, in a letter of about 260 quoted by
114:
2572:
870:
Oriens christianus: in quatuor patriarchatus digestus : quo exhibentur ecclesiae, patriarchae caeterique praesules totius orientis
544:
683:
3879:
504:
17:
798:
Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia
Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 5, стр. 324; vol. 6, стр. 349; vol. 7, стр. 314–315; vol. 8, стр. 471–472.
891:
729:
713:
1960:
389:
In May 2011, a number of objects excavated from
Ptolemais in 1937 and held in the vault of the National Commercial Bank in
965:
447:
2582:
2272:
1965:
1899:
595:
60:
1970:
1945:
919:
651:
627:
620:
605:
3899:
3779:
2528:
1955:
1950:
481:
2422:
2282:
2277:
1554:
758:(1962) "Ptolemis, City of the Libyan Pentapolis" The Oriental Instuitute, University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
3806:
2447:
1861:
958:
472:
was bishop of
Ptolemais from about 407 to 413, and was succeeded by his brother Evoptius, who took part in the
341:
3874:
3801:
3358:
2851:
2367:
2287:
1985:
1695:
775:
3909:
3774:
2303:
1757:
420:
2829:
2437:
2313:
1975:
1929:
1884:
1660:
1349:
3368:
3490:
3363:
2496:
2491:
2467:
2377:
1894:
992:
3848:
3791:
2747:
2550:
2535:
2457:
2392:
1712:
1607:
1081:
1015:
2359:
2339:
1537:
1195:
2545:
2508:
2442:
2108:
1995:
428:
3828:
2952:
2752:
2737:
2540:
2523:
2503:
2472:
2372:
2308:
1924:
1909:
1879:
1840:
1717:
1569:
1071:
435:
442:
held authority over the churches in the
Pentapolis, although they were not situated in the same
324:
or Libya
Pentapolis. It later decayed and was replaced as capital of the province by Apollonia.
3786:
2789:
2560:
2518:
2452:
2417:
1869:
1853:
1549:
1490:
1339:
1334:
401:
The Ptolemais of Libya, whose ruins are located near the Libyan city of Tolmeita, was also the
320:'s alteration of the administrative structure, Ptolemais became the capital of the province of
703:
3838:
3067:
3057:
3047:
3032:
2722:
2462:
2432:
2387:
2382:
2013:
1980:
1782:
1687:
1673:
1329:
1200:
1164:
945:
591:
526:
286:
705:
Cities of the Classical World: An Atlas and Gazetteer of 120 Centres of Ancient Civilization
3304:
3290:
2774:
2732:
2704:
2589:
2402:
1632:
1428:
820:
752:
328:
290:
227:
340:
the city was rebuilt, but it never regained its powers and was again destroyed during the
8:
3441:
3411:
2799:
2694:
2689:
2126:
1441:
1354:
1324:
1278:
1041:
313:
934:
3904:
3658:
3555:
3461:
3105:
3022:
2910:
2412:
2236:
1752:
1732:
1589:
1460:
1344:
1139:
1066:
903:
473:
178:
3834:
3733:
3320:
2869:
2717:
2669:
2513:
2482:
2427:
2344:
2221:
2093:
1914:
1747:
1700:
1640:
1514:
1496:
1472:
1454:
1409:
1364:
1359:
1010:
915:
887:
759:
709:
657:
647:
623:
601:
383:
375:
West of the city stands a conspicuous and tower-like Hellenistic mausoleum, known as
282:
3663:
3195:
3160:
2977:
2834:
2712:
2599:
2594:
1919:
1874:
1705:
1612:
1228:
1061:
1046:
1036:
939:
646:. University of Chicago. Oriental Institute. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
451:
362:
182:
3678:
3436:
3224:
3037:
2779:
2645:
2577:
1904:
1502:
1484:
1478:
1392:
1369:
1243:
1154:
1114:
1051:
868:
864:
684:
O. Brogan, "Ptolemais (Tolmeta), Cyrenaica, Libya" in Richard Stillwell et alii,
559:
492:
485:
409:
3703:
3416:
3560:
3500:
3495:
3451:
3232:
3180:
3170:
3150:
3140:
2884:
2879:
2874:
1727:
1526:
1520:
1508:
1308:
1283:
1056:
981:
443:
321:
309:
571:
500:
273:
3863:
3796:
3713:
3688:
3378:
3300:
2982:
2925:
2824:
2814:
2784:
2766:
2640:
1792:
1574:
1466:
1422:
1384:
1223:
1144:
699:
491:
No longer a residential bishopric, Ptolemais in Libya is today listed by the
300:
215:
129:
116:
849:
3613:
3565:
3431:
3285:
3155:
2794:
2630:
2136:
2098:
1797:
914:
Annuario Pontificio, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano, 2003,
661:
424:
358:
294:
308:
Ptolemais became a Roman possession in 96 BC. It was soon included in the
3633:
3525:
3505:
3333:
2841:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2727:
2684:
2231:
2141:
2131:
2018:
2008:
1772:
1149:
1124:
496:
337:
265:
231:
3338:
904:
David Cheney, Diocese of Ptolemais of Libya, at Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
763:
641:
3570:
3540:
3535:
3520:
3406:
3373:
3042:
3012:
2679:
2407:
2241:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2053:
2038:
2028:
2003:
1379:
1134:
1089:
807:
Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, (
439:
354:
317:
207:
257:
3545:
3471:
3456:
3426:
3421:
3353:
3277:
3262:
3247:
3190:
3090:
2742:
2674:
2246:
2226:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2151:
2146:
2116:
2063:
2023:
1802:
1668:
1622:
1602:
1233:
1104:
477:
211:
102:
3595:
3585:
3575:
3550:
3328:
3295:
3257:
3200:
3115:
3100:
2957:
2947:
2864:
2859:
2256:
2251:
2211:
2206:
2181:
2161:
2088:
2043:
2033:
1889:
1787:
1722:
1650:
1258:
538:
520:
469:
462:
416:
402:
390:
242:
219:
88:
3348:
44:
3738:
3728:
3673:
3668:
3653:
3643:
3628:
3623:
3510:
3398:
3388:
3267:
3242:
3237:
3210:
3205:
3185:
3175:
3165:
3130:
3120:
3110:
3062:
3052:
3027:
2992:
2987:
2962:
2615:
2397:
2058:
2048:
1807:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1742:
1737:
1617:
1564:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1248:
1238:
950:
824:
412:
369:
333:
281:
The city was founded by and named after one of the rulers of the
3683:
2997:
3708:
3638:
3618:
3580:
3446:
3252:
3145:
3082:
3072:
3017:
2635:
2620:
2216:
2201:
2176:
2171:
2156:
1817:
1812:
1579:
1559:
1303:
1293:
1288:
1159:
1119:
1109:
1094:
873:. Vol. 2. Paris: Imprimérie Royale. p. coll. 617–622.
446:. Accordingly, none of the bishoprics in the Pentapolis was a
365:, was adapted for water spectacles in the 4th or 5th century.
206:(Greek: Πτολεμαΐς) was one of the five cities that formed the
3718:
3693:
3590:
3530:
3515:
3383:
3343:
3095:
3007:
3002:
2972:
2967:
2942:
2625:
2166:
2121:
2073:
1645:
1597:
1298:
1268:
1215:
1190:
1129:
1099:
808:
458:
238:
223:
92:
3723:
3698:
3648:
3135:
3125:
405:
of the ancient Christian bishopric of Libya Pentapolitana.
621:
Jane Soames Nickerson (Biblo & Tannen Publishers 1968
361:, and three theatres, the smallest of which, used as an
431:, martyred during the anti-Christian persecutions.
3861:
1186:
966:
686:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
499:. The current archbishop, personal title, is
222:), Tauchira/Teuchira (later Arsinoe, and now
823:, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (
794:
792:
532:Stefanus (about 360 deposed) (Aryan Bishop)
519:Saint Theodorus (before 321– 25 deposited) (
218:, Euesperides (later known as Berenice, now
67:
3870:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Libya
616:
614:
438:confirmed the custom whereby the bishop of
423:said he had sent a copy of a commentary on
237:Its ruins are at a small village in modern
1852:
973:
959:
859:
857:
368:A Roman aqueduct, probably of the time of
43:
789:
639:
3890:Populated places of the Byzantine Empire
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
611:
299:
272:
264:
256:
27:One of the ancient capitals of Cyrenaica
854:
698:
427:. Another early bishop of Ptolemais is
382:In 2001 an archaeological mission from
14:
3862:
2906:
708:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 380.
505:Congregation for the Oriental Churches
3885:Populated places in ancient Cyrenaica
3763:
2905:
2334:
1838:
1185:
1005:
954:
863:
668:
3374:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
1006:
261:Map of Roman Cyrenaica and Marmarica
3895:Roman amphitheaters in North Africa
730:"Synesius, Catastasis (4) - Livius"
24:
2335:
980:
778:. Trafficking Culture Encyclopedia
535:Siderio (apostolic administrator)
25:
3921:
935:Excavations – preliminary reports
928:
886:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
688:(Princeton University Press 1976)
516:Basilide (mentioned in about 260)
450:for the others, but all acted as
386:started excavations on the site.
249:طلميتة), after the ancient name.
3843:
3833:
3824:
3823:
850:First Council of Nicaea, canon 6
510:
482:Second Council of Constantinople
66:
59:
3844:
908:
897:
877:
843:
830:
814:
811:, 1740), vol.II, coll. 617–622.
801:
768:
746:
722:
692:
633:
585:
342:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
13:
1:
3880:Archaeological sites in Libya
1445:
1432:
1413:
1396:
578:
2573:Funeral and burial practices
1758:Military of Mycenaean Greece
942:(nondestructive archaeology)
597:Libya: Continuity and Change
421:Pope Dionysius of Alexandria
396:
336:in 411. During the reign of
7:
556:Raffaele Virili (1915–1925)
10:
3926:
2497:Greek Revival architecture
1839:
550:Giorgio (mentioned in 553)
529:(about 325) (Aryan Bishop)
457:Ptolemais was the home of
347:
252:
3819:
3770:
3764:
3759:
3604:
3481:
3470:
3397:
3319:
3276:
3223:
3081:
2933:
2924:
2920:
2901:
2850:
2765:
2703:
2665:
2658:
2608:
2568:
2559:
2481:
2358:
2354:
2330:
2296:
2265:
2107:
1994:
1938:
1905:Attalid kings of Pergamon
1860:
1851:
1847:
1834:
1713:Antigonid Macedonian army
1686:
1659:
1631:
1588:
1545:
1536:
1378:
1317:
1214:
1210:
1181:
1080:
1029:
1025:
1001:
988:
640:Nasgowitz, David (1981).
193:
188:
174:
166:
158:
153:
145:
108:
98:
83:
54:
42:
35:
884:Annuario Pontificio 2013
429:Saint Theodore of Sykeon
3900:Greek colonies in Libya
940:Ptolemais survey, Libya
476:(431), which condemned
436:First Council of Nicaea
1939:Artists & scholars
1854:List of ancient Greeks
1491:Second Athenian League
1340:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1165:Ancient Greek colonies
305:
278:
270:
262:
18:Stephanus of Ptolemais
3058:Sybaris on the Traeis
1783:Sacred Band of Thebes
1523:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
1037:Cycladic civilization
592:Ronald Bruce St. John
527:Secundus of Ptolemais
303:
287:Ptolemy III Euergetes
276:
268:
260:
3875:Roman sites in Libya
2583:mythological figures
2304:Ancient Greek tribes
1429:Peloponnesian League
821:Pius Bonifacius Gams
344:in the 7th century.
329:365 Crete earthquake
3910:Crete and Cyrenaica
2695:Tunnel of Eupalinos
2690:Theatre of Dionysus
2314:Ancient Macedonians
1930:Tyrants of Syracuse
1442:Amphictyonic League
1042:Minoan civilization
776:"Benghazi Treasure"
643:Ptolemais Cyrenaica
574:(from 2009–current)
503:, secretary of the
408:Ptolemais became a
314:Crete and Cyrenaica
214:, the others being
130:32.7069°N 20.9529°E
126: /
32:
3369:Menestheus's Limin
3023:Pandosia (Lucania)
2911:Greek colonisation
2273:Athenian statesmen
2034:Diogenes of Sinope
1895:Kings of Macedonia
1885:Kings of Commagene
1753:Macedonian phalanx
1733:Hellenistic armies
1481:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
1345:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1067:Hellenistic Greece
547:(mentioned in 431)
480:. The acts of the
474:Council of Ephesus
306:
279:
271:
263:
179:Hellenistic period
75:Shown within Libya
49:Ruins of Ptolemais
30:
3857:
3856:
3815:
3814:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3321:Iberian Peninsula
3253:Lipara/Meligounis
3219:
3218:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2870:Cypriot syllabary
2761:
2760:
2670:Athenian Treasury
2654:
2653:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
1915:Ptolemaic dynasty
1875:Archons of Athens
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1701:Athenian military
1682:
1681:
1515:League of Corinth
1497:Thessalian League
1473:Chalcidian League
1455:Acarnanian League
1365:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
892:978-88-209-9070-1
753:Kraeling, Carl H.
715:978-0-14-196763-9
461:, after whom the
452:suffragan bishops
384:Warsaw University
283:Ptolemaic Kingdom
201:
200:
16:(Redirected from
3917:
3847:
3846:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3761:
3760:
3479:
3478:
2978:Heraclea Lucania
2931:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2903:
2902:
2663:
2662:
2595:Twelve Olympians
2566:
2565:
2356:
2355:
2332:
2331:
1920:Seleucid dynasty
1900:Kings of Paionia
1849:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1706:Scythian archers
1613:Graphe paranomon
1543:
1542:
1450:
1447:
1437:
1434:
1418:
1415:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1212:
1211:
1183:
1182:
1062:Classical Greece
1047:Mycenaean Greece
1027:
1026:
1003:
1002:
975:
968:
961:
952:
951:
922:
912:
906:
901:
895:
881:
875:
874:
865:Quien, Michel le
861:
852:
847:
841:
834:
828:
818:
812:
805:
799:
796:
787:
786:
784:
783:
772:
766:
750:
744:
743:
741:
740:
726:
720:
719:
696:
690:
681:
666:
665:
637:
631:
618:
609:
589:
448:metropolitan see
304:Villa of Columns
183:Byzantine Empire
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
135:32.7069; 20.9529
131:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
70:
69:
63:
47:
33:
29:
21:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3811:
3766:
3743:
3606:
3600:
3483:
3474:
3466:
3437:Melaina Korkyra
3393:
3315:
3272:
3225:Aeolian Islands
3215:
3077:
2935:
2916:
2915:
2889:
2846:
2757:
2699:
2650:
2604:
2555:
2477:
2468:Wedding customs
2350:
2349:
2318:
2309:Thracian Greeks
2292:
2283:Olympic victors
2261:
2103:
1990:
1934:
1925:Kings of Sparta
1910:Kings of Pontus
1880:Kings of Athens
1856:
1843:
1822:
1718:Army of Macedon
1678:
1655:
1627:
1584:
1532:
1505:(370–c. 230 BC)
1503:Arcadian League
1487:(c. 400–188 BC)
1485:Aetolian League
1479:Boeotian League
1461:Hellenic League
1448:
1435:
1425:(c. 650–404 BC)
1416:
1410:Italiote League
1403:
1399:
1393:Doric Hexapolis
1383:
1374:
1370:Seleucid Empire
1313:
1206:
1205:
1169:
1076:
1052:Greek Dark Ages
1021:
1020:
997:
984:
979:
931:
926:
925:
913:
909:
902:
898:
882:
878:
862:
855:
848:
844:
835:
831:
819:
815:
806:
802:
797:
790:
781:
779:
774:
773:
769:
751:
747:
738:
736:
728:
727:
723:
716:
697:
693:
682:
669:
654:
638:
634:
619:
612:
599:(Routledge 2013
590:
586:
581:
560:Cesare Orsenigo
541:(about 407–413)
513:
493:Catholic Church
486:Michel Le Quien
454:of Alexandria.
410:Catholic Church
399:
350:
269:Ptolemais ruins
255:
134:
132:
128:
125:
120:
117:
115:
113:
112:
79:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
50:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Megara Hyblaea
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Hybla Gereatis
3148:
3143:
3141:Heraclea Minoa
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2885:Attic numerals
2882:
2880:Greek numerals
2877:
2875:Greek alphabet
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2529:Musical system
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2488:
2486:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Mathematicians
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1870:Kings of Argos
1866:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1844:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1728:Cretan archers
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1527:Achaean League
1524:
1521:Euboean League
1518:
1512:
1509:Epirote League
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1457:(c. 500–31 BC)
1452:
1439:
1426:
1420:
1407:
1389:
1387:
1385:Confederations
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1309:Lissus (Crete)
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:Archaic Greece
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1007:
999:
998:
996:
995:
989:
986:
985:
982:Ancient Greece
978:
977:
970:
963:
955:
949:
948:
946:Ptolemais City
943:
937:
930:
929:External links
927:
924:
923:
907:
896:
876:
853:
842:
838:Church History
829:
813:
800:
788:
767:
745:
734:www.livius.org
721:
714:
700:McEvedy, Colin
691:
667:
652:
632:
610:
583:
582:
580:
577:
576:
575:
569:
566:Carlo Angeleri
563:
557:
554:
551:
548:
542:
536:
533:
530:
524:
517:
512:
509:
444:Roman province
398:
395:
349:
346:
322:Libya Superior
310:Roman province
254:
251:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
186:
185:
176:
172:
171:
170:7th century AD
168:
164:
163:
162:3rd century BC
160:
156:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
85:
81:
80:
74:
65:
64:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3922:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3850:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3762:
3758:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Hemeroscopion
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Magna Graecia
2923:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:Arcadocypriot
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2753:Zeus, Olympia
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Hera, Olympia
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:Mount Olympus
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:Sacred places
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Olympic Games
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Homosexuality
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Seleucid army
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:Delian League
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1443:
1440:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:Ionian League
1421:
1411:
1408:
1404: 560 BC
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Magna Graecia
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
990:
987:
983:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
957:
956:
953:
947:
944:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
921:
920:88-209-7422-3
917:
911:
905:
900:
893:
889:
885:
880:
872:
871:
866:
860:
858:
851:
846:
839:
833:
827:, 1931), p462
826:
822:
817:
810:
804:
795:
793:
777:
771:
765:
761:
757:
754:
749:
735:
731:
725:
717:
711:
707:
706:
701:
695:
689:
687:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
663:
659:
655:
653:0-226-69474-7
649:
645:
644:
636:
629:
628:9780819602190
625:
622:
617:
615:
607:
606:9781136824050
603:
600:
598:
593:
588:
584:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
518:
515:
514:
511:Known Bishops
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
411:
406:
404:
394:
392:
387:
385:
380:
378:
373:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
302:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
275:
267:
259:
250:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
196:
192:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
148:
144:
139:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
62:
53:
46:
41:
34:
19:
3644:Dionysopolis
3614:Abonoteichos
3566:Pantikapaion
3310:
3156:Hybla Heraea
2492:Architecture
2448:Prostitution
2137:Aristophanes
1996:Philosophers
1966:Philosophers
1798:Spartan army
1529:(280–146 BC)
1517:(338–322 BC)
1511:(370–168 BC)
1499:(374–196 BC)
1493:(378–355 BC)
1475:(430–348 BC)
1469:(478–404 BC)
1463:(499–449 BC)
1150:Peloponnesus
1072:Roman Greece
910:
899:
883:
879:
869:
845:
837:
832:
816:
803:
780:. Retrieved
770:
755:
748:
737:. Retrieved
733:
724:
704:
694:
685:
642:
635:
596:
587:
490:
468:
456:
433:
425:Ecclesiastes
407:
400:
388:
381:
377:Qasr Faraoun
374:
367:
359:amphitheatre
351:
326:
307:
280:
246:
236:
203:
202:
3792:Place names
3704:Salmydessus
3526:Kalos Limen
3506:Chersonesus
3496:Borysthenes
3201:Tauromenion
3013:Metapontion
2775:Proto-Greek
2728:Erechtheion
2723:Athena Nike
2685:Philippeion
2514:Mathematics
2485:and science
2368:Agriculture
2232:Stesichorus
2142:Bacchylides
2132:Archilochus
2019:Antisthenes
2009:Anaximander
1981:Seven Sages
1971:Playwrights
1951:Geographers
1946:Astronomers
1773:Pezhetairos
1400: 1100
1380:Federations
1279:Megalopolis
1216:City states
1191:City states
572:Cyril Vasiľ
568:(1948–1979)
562:(1922–1946)
501:Cyril Vasiľ
497:titular see
338:Justinian I
285:, probably
133: /
109:Coordinates
3864:Categories
3694:Polemonion
3571:Phanagoria
3541:Kimmerikon
3536:Kerkinitis
3521:Hermonassa
3511:Dioscurias
3407:Aspalathos
3354:Kalathousa
3329:Akra Leuke
3258:Phoenicusa
3043:Scylletium
3028:Poseidonia
2948:Brentesion
2835:Pamphylian
2830:Macedonian
2748:Samothrace
2733:Hephaestus
2680:Long Walls
2659:Structures
2600:Underworld
2546:Technology
2509:Literature
2443:Philosophy
2408:Euergetism
2297:By culture
2242:Thucydides
2084:Pythagoras
2079:Protagoras
2069:Parmenides
2054:Heraclitus
2039:Empedocles
2029:Democritus
2014:Anaximenes
2004:Anaxagoras
1956:Historians
1449: 595
1436: 550
1417: 800
1402: – c.
1330:Cappadocia
1135:Ionian Sea
1125:Hellespont
1090:Aegean Sea
836:Eusebius,
782:2012-09-06
739:2019-08-06
579:References
440:Alexandria
355:hippodrome
318:Diocletian
295:Roman rule
208:Pentapolis
189:Site notes
149:Settlement
121:20°57′10″E
118:32°42′25″N
3905:Cyrenaica
3780:in Epirus
3729:Trapezous
3674:Mesambria
3659:Eupatoria
3629:Apollonia
3624:Anchialos
3586:Theodosia
3556:Nymphaion
3546:Myrmekion
3516:Gorgippia
3472:Black Sea
3457:Tragurion
3442:Nymphaion
3427:Epidauros
3422:Epidamnos
3412:Apollonia
3389:Zacynthos
3311:Ptolemais
3305:Apollonia
3278:Cyrenaica
3268:Therassía
3263:Strongyle
3243:Ereikousa
3166:Leontinoi
3106:Apollonia
2983:Hipponion
2780:Mycenaean
2743:Parthenon
2675:Lion Gate
2578:Mythology
2541:Sculpture
2504:Astronomy
2438:Pederasty
2413:Festivals
2398:Education
2278:Lawgivers
2247:Timocreon
2227:Sophocles
2222:Simonides
2197:Philocles
2192:Panyassis
2187:Mimnermus
2152:Herodotus
2147:Euripides
2117:Aeschylus
2064:Leucippus
2024:Aristotle
1803:Strategos
1669:Synedrion
1623:Ostracism
1603:Areopagus
1555:Free city
1350:Macedonia
1234:Byzantion
1140:Macedonia
1105:Cyrenaica
1082:Geography
1016:Geography
894:), p. 993
840:, 7:26:2.
488:'s work.
478:Nestorius
397:Bishopric
228:Apollonia
212:Cyrenaica
204:Ptolemais
194:Condition
167:Abandoned
103:Cyrenaica
37:Πτολεμαΐς
31:Ptolemais
3829:Category
3807:Theatres
3734:Tripolis
3669:Kerasous
3664:Heraclea
3596:Tyritake
3551:Nikonion
3462:Thronion
3384:Salauris
3339:Emporion
3296:Berenice
3286:Balagrae
3238:Euonymos
3211:Tyndaris
3196:Syracuse
3191:Selinous
3161:Kamarina
3116:Casmenae
3101:Akrillai
3018:Neápolis
2953:Caulonia
2934:Mainland
2865:Linear B
2860:Linear A
2790:Dialects
2767:Language
2561:Religion
2519:Medicine
2453:Religion
2418:Folklore
2403:Emporium
2378:Clothing
2373:Calendar
2257:Xenophon
2252:Tyrtaeus
2237:Theognis
2212:Polybius
2207:Plutarch
2182:Menander
2162:Hipponax
2089:Socrates
2044:Epicurus
1890:Diadochi
1788:Sciritae
1748:Hetairoi
1723:Ballista
1688:Military
1651:Gerousia
1641:Ekklesia
1608:Ecclesia
1590:Athenian
1538:Politics
1451:–279 BC)
1438:–366 BC)
1419:–389 BC)
1355:Pergamon
1325:Bithynia
1318:Kingdoms
1259:Pergamon
1201:Military
1196:Politics
993:Timeline
867:(1740).
702:(2011).
630:), p. 20
553:Gabriele
545:Euoptius
539:Synesius
470:Synesius
463:Arianism
417:Eusebius
391:Benghazi
243:Tolmeita
220:Benghazi
197:In ruins
89:Tolmeita
84:Location
3849:Outline
3802:Temples
3739:Zaliche
3719:Thèrmae
3709:Sesamus
3679:Odessos
3654:Cytorus
3649:Cotyora
3399:Illyria
3364:Mainake
3359:Kypsela
3248:Hycesia
3206:Thermae
3186:Segesta
3176:Messana
3131:Helorus
3111:Calacte
3091:Akragas
3053:Sybaris
3038:Rhegion
2993:Krimisa
2943:Alision
2852:Writing
2825:Locrian
2815:Epirote
2785:Homeric
2718:Artemis
2705:Temples
2646:Olympia
2616:Eleusis
2551:Theatre
2536:Pottery
2463:Warfare
2458:Slavery
2393:Economy
2388:Cuisine
2383:Coinage
2360:Society
2345:Culture
2340:Society
2288:Tyrants
2127:Alcaeus
2109:Authors
2059:Hypatia
2049:Gorgias
1986:Writers
1808:Toxotai
1778:Sarissa
1768:Peltast
1763:Phalanx
1743:Hoplite
1738:Hippeis
1661:Macedon
1633:Spartan
1618:Heliaia
1565:Proxeny
1274:Larissa
1269:Kerkyra
1264:Eretria
1254:Miletus
1249:Ephesus
1244:Corinth
1239:Chalcis
1160:Taurica
1030:Periods
1011:History
825:Leipzig
764:1063867
662:6982515
523:Bishop)
413:diocese
370:Hadrian
348:Remains
334:Libyans
316:. With
277:Cistern
253:History
241:called
226:), and
175:Periods
159:Founded
154:History
3839:Portal
3787:People
3775:Cities
3714:Sinope
3699:Rhizos
3689:Phasis
3639:Bathus
3634:Athina
3619:Amisos
3581:Tanais
3576:Pityus
3501:Charax
3452:Pharos
3447:Orikon
3344:Helike
3334:Alonis
3301:Cyrene
3233:Didyme
3146:Himera
3121:Catana
3083:Sicily
3073:Thurii
3068:Terina
3033:Pixous
2988:Hydrus
2963:Croton
2795:Aeolic
2713:Aphaea
2636:Dodona
2621:Delphi
2590:Temple
2266:Others
2217:Sappho
2202:Pindar
2177:Lucian
2172:Ibycus
2157:Hesiod
2094:Thales
1862:Rulers
1841:People
1818:Xyston
1813:Xiphos
1674:Koinon
1580:Tyrant
1570:Stasis
1560:Koinon
1360:Pontus
1335:Epirus
1304:Sparta
1294:Rhodes
1289:Megara
1284:Thebes
1229:Athens
1155:Pontus
1120:Epirus
1110:Cyprus
1095:Aeolis
918:
890:
809:Parigi
762:
756:et al.
712:
660:
650:
626:
608:), p.3
604:
247:Arabic
216:Cyrene
99:Region
3797:Stoae
3765:Lists
3684:Oinòe
3607:coast
3605:South
3591:Tyras
3561:Olbia
3531:Kepoi
3484:coast
3482:North
3475:basin
3417:Aulon
3379:Rhode
3291:Barca
3181:Naxos
3136:Henna
3096:Akrai
3063:Taras
3048:Siris
3008:Medma
3003:Locri
2968:Cumae
2958:Chone
2936:Italy
2842:Koine
2820:Ionic
2810:Doric
2805:Attic
2626:Delos
2524:Music
2167:Homer
2122:Aesop
2074:Plato
1976:Poets
1646:Ephor
1598:Agora
1575:Tagus
1550:Boule
1299:Samos
1224:Argos
1130:Ionia
1115:Doris
1100:Crete
521:Aryan
495:as a
466:360.
459:Arius
363:odeon
357:, an
291:Barca
239:Libya
230:(now
224:Tocra
93:Libya
87:Near
3724:Tium
3491:Akra
3432:Issa
3126:Gela
2998:Laüs
2973:Elea
2631:Dion
2483:Arts
2473:Wine
2099:Zeno
1696:Wars
916:ISBN
888:ISBN
760:OCLC
710:ISBN
658:OCLC
648:ISBN
624:ISBN
602:ISBN
434:The
403:Seat
327:The
232:Susa
146:Type
2428:Law
312:of
234:).
210:of
181:to
3866::
1446:c.
1433:c.
1414:c.
1397:c.
856:^
791:^
732:.
670:^
656:.
613:^
507:.
419:,
91:,
3307:)
3303:(
1444:(
1431:(
1412:(
1406:)
1395:(
1382:/
974:e
967:t
960:v
785:.
742:.
718:.
664:.
594:,
245:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
