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313:, consisted in 1926 of 72 members elected for 3 years (one for every 12 000 votes cast), must be convened by the government no later than the 30th day after the election, and also met at the call of its president in the last half of February every year. It decided itself the time of its dissolution and its new meeting. It would, with the aforesaid exception, legislate, supervise the administration, and appoint government, which must enjoy its confidence and, at its request, attend its meetings and committees. The government, whose number of members was not determined in the constitution, elected the president itself, had collegial responsibility, decided by simple majority and was legally responsible before the state court in
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304:. For the former, which may refer to legislative proposals, amendments to and repeal of laws, constitutional amendments and dissolution of the Landtag, participation of at least 1/10 of those entitled to vote was required. A referendum was held if the country parliament adopted a bill brought about by people's initiative; excluded from it, however, were finance laws. At least half of those entitled to vote must participate in the referendum, and for its legal force a majority of those voting was required.
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After the Second World War, a golden lion on a red background was used. The lion was surrounded by eight silver stars, which symbolized the eight parts of the country, including the
Prussian territories incorporated into Thuringia in 1945. The stars, as a symbol of the unity of the country, have been
188:
Through the Reich Law of 30 April 1920 (RGBl. I p. 841), the seven people's or free states, excluding the Coburg region, were finally united on 1 May 1920, to form the State of
Thuringia with an area of 11,763 km. The first state coat of arms had seven stars on a red background, symbolizing
451:
At the end of March 1945, the
Western Allies approached Thuringia. Despite the imminent end of the war, Nazi officers ordered the "Trutzgau Thuringia" to be defended to the last man; the "Werra Line" west of Eisenach was to be held under all circumstances. This led to fighting on 1 April between
650:
435:. Constitutional law did not change the administrative district's affiliation to Prussia. The eighth star in the current coat of arms of Thuringia - a lion on a blue background - symbolizes these Prussian territories, which were finally legally annexed at the end of 1945.
296:, on 30 April 1920, recognized "the land of Thuringia", which on 12 May of the same year received a provisional and, after several serious disturbances, on 11 March 1921 a permanent constitution. According to this, Thuringia was a democratic republic with
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The large state flag bears the state colors of white and red and shows the state coat of arms in the white stripe on the left (Ordinance of 25 April 1922, Section III, Paragraph 2). The state colors are white and red (Law of 7 April 1921, Section 2).
489:(SBZ), was enlarged to 15,585 km by the addition of the former Prussian Erfurt administrative district. The municipality of Ostheim vor der Rhön was incorporated into Bavaria in 1945 by order of the American military government.
358:
was exercised by a municipal chamber, consisting of a chairman appointed by the government and four assistants, two of whom were elected by the
Landtag, one the chairmen of the district councils and one of those of the city councils.
220:
goes back to a law of the state parliament from 7 April 1921. The coat of arms shows seven silver stars on a red background; the stars stand for the seven individual states from which
Thuringia was formed in 1920.
103:. An integration of areas from Prussian Thuringia could not be realized despite various efforts. In Thuringia and northern Franconia, the centuries-long era of strong territorial fragmentation came to an end.
700:
694:
122:(SBZ). It was enlarged to 15,585 km by the Prussian Erfurt administrative district and received a new constitution on 20 December 1946. With the July 1952 reorganization of the East German states into
474:. This marked the beginning of the occupation of Thuringia; within around two weeks, the entire country was occupied by the Americans. Before this, on 6 April, there had been heavy bombing raids on Gera.
682:
Für den
Regierungsbezirk Erfurt wird der Reichsstatthalter in Thüringen mit der Wahrnehmung der Aufgaben und Befugnisse des Oberpräsidenten in der staatlichen Verwaltung beauftragt
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and the state of
Thuringia. A total of 1,778 hectares with 2,900 inhabitants went to Thuringia (mainly in the southern area around Gera; including the communities of
253:
862:
248:. This coat of arms was used from 1933 to 1945. The authorities only used the heart shield as the small state coat of arms. The coat of arms was designed by the
193:. The Constitution of the State of Thuringia, which was adopted on 11 March 1921, and the Community Treaty of 1919 were drafted by the Jena representative of the
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387:) and 1,115 hectares with 4,890 inhabitants went to Saxony (mainly in the area around Crimmitschau and Limbach-Oberfrohna; including the communities of
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The
Thuringian State Parliament was elected in 1946 in semi-free state elections. Thuringia received a new constitution on 20 December 1946. After the
198:
512:) in July 1952, the state transferred its administrative functions to the three new districts. The area of the state now consisted of the districts
150:
was not prepared to make any territorial changes, the founding of the state was pushed forward in 1919 as a so-called "small
Thuringian solution".
745:
224:
In 1933, the state received a new coat of arms under the
National Socialist government, as the stars were too reminiscent of the Jewish
118:
playing the more important role politically. Following World War II, after a brief American occupation, the country became part of the
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and front-line soldiers against the advancing US troops, which claimed around 350 lives and destroyed around 85% of the small town of
425:, and incorporated the region of Erfurt into the State of Thuringia. The administrative district was placed under the control of the
126:, Thuringia transferred its administrative functions to three new districts, and the state was formally dissolved in December 1958.
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had always felt more closely connected, both linguistically and regionally, to the Franconian areas, which have belonged to
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and Coburg expressed concerns about whether annexation to the state to be formed would be advantageous; because the more
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of 1803. Saxony-Meiningen's concerns were allayed (among other things by a guarantee of continued existence for the
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599:(= Culture and History of Thuringia, Volume 16). Europaforum-Verlag, Lauf a.d.Pegnitz 2001, ISBN 3-931070-27-1.
228:. The state coat of arms awarded by the National Socialists showed a Colorful Lion in the middle (symbol of the
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Chamber of Industry and Commerce and for the districts). In a referendum on 30 November 1919, the
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as the highest functionary. The highest authority in the urban districts was the city council (
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Weimarer Verlagsgesellschaft / Verlagshaus Römerweg, Wiesbaden 2020, ISBN 978-3-7374-0281-1.
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As early as the end of 1918, the governments of the Thuringian Free States, including the
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Administratively, Thuringia was divided into city and country districts and these into
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elected for 3 years after universal suffrage with one of these for 3 years elected
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In 1928, an exchange of territory and a border adjustment took place between the
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The state presidents of Thuringia (from 1947 prime ministers) from 1945 were:
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voted 88 percent against joining Thuringia, after which unification with the
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350:), who were not elected, but appointed by the government. Control over the
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Law on the coat of arms and state colors of Thuringia from April 7, 1921 (
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263:. Because of its symbols, it was also mocked as the "Thuringian Zoo".
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in its right paw; above were the Saxon Diamond Wreath (symbol of the
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524:. In December 1958, the state of Thuringia was formally dissolved.
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625:"Closer Homeland". The founding of the state of Thuringia in 1920.
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The domestic political development of Thuringia from 1918 to 1932
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342:), and the highest official in the former was the city director (
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During the founding negotiations, the state governments of the
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The state was created on 1 May 1920 from a merger of the
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267:preserved in the state coat of arms to this day.
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538:, June to July 1945, under American occupation)
611:State Center for Political Education Thuringia
110:, the country was brought into line, with the
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701:Government Gazette for the State of Thuringia
240:) and the Schwarzburg eagle. Below were the
346:) and in the latter the district director (
1057:Former states and territories of Thuringia
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504:. With the reorganization of the GDR into
623:Christian Faludi, Marc Bartuschka (ed.):
280:Politics and administration, 1920 to 1933
664:"Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags"
651:Law collection for Thuringia 1920 p. 21
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439:End of the Second World War, SBZ and GDR
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189:the former free states. The capital was
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573:This article contains content from the
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695:Constitution of the State of Thuringia
620:. Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-60523-9.
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108:Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich
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721:Parties and state politics 1920–1933
607:Parties and state politics 1920–1933
288:The old country building in Weimar.
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726:The state of Thuringia at a glance
447:Thuringian coat of arms until 1952
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307:The representative assembly, the
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155:Free State of Saxe-Meiningen
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30:[ʃtaːtˈtyːʁɪŋən]
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369:Free State of Saxony
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69:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
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872:City-states
853:Württemberg
840:(from 1920)
764:(1919–1933)
575:Owl Edition
542:Rudolf Paul
502:unity lists
477:Due to the
393:Waldsachsen
381:Rückersdorf
377:Liebschwitz
328:Gemeinderat
257: [
232:) with the
202: [
37:during the
1051:Categories
1019:Bottleneck
1000:separatist
979:Rudolstadt
935:Saxe-Gotha
899:Until 1920
632:References
590:Literature
463:Volkssturm
458:Gerstungen
385:Thonhausen
302:referendum
169:since the
159:Franconian
138:Foundation
81:Saxe-Gotha
1014:Bremen SR
1002:movements
930:Meiningen
915:Altenburg
837:Thuringia
817:Oldenburg
792:Brunswick
506:districts
472:Creuzburg
356:districts
352:Gemeinden
323:Gemeinden
250:Altenburg
175:Sonneberg
163:Rennsteig
124:districts
23:(German:
684: ».
460:between
454:Treffurt
421:and the
404:Prussian
340:Kreisrat
336:Stadtrat
252:painter
242:Reussian
234:Swastika
91:and the
1029:Rhenish
1024:Bavaria
885:Hamburg
845:Waldeck
822:Prussia
787:Bavaria
698:in the
510:Bezirke
389:Rußdorf
310:Landtag
167:Bavaria
101:Bavaria
920:Coburg
907:Ernest
890:Lübeck
880:Bremen
827:Saxony
777:Anhalt
770:States
706:online
563:Source
514:Erfurt
191:Weimar
114:under
95:. The
55:Weimar
961:Reuss
953:Reuss
925:Gotha
802:Lippe
797:Hesse
782:Baden
544:(DDP/
373:Bocka
261:]
206:]
35:state
522:Suhl
520:and
518:Gera
456:and
391:and
354:and
315:Jena
300:and
292:The
271:Flag
216:The
59:Gera
49:and
41:and
19:The
577:of
556:KPD
546:SED
536:SPD
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