387:
420:
357:
774:
209:
176:
19:
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organ. According to
Article 29 of the constitution, the Council of State consisted of seventeen people: the chairman, four deputy chairmen, the secretary, and eleven other members. All were elected by the Sejm from its members during the parliament's first session after elections. They were usually
97:
were elected. In practice, the council (and the Polish state) was often represented by its chairman, who may have been referred to as the president of Poland by foreign representatives. The council ratified or renounced international agreements, appointed and recalled representatives of Poland to
115:
When the Sejm was not in session (in practice, for most of the year), the
Council of State had the power to issue decrees that had the force of law. These decrees had to be approved by the Sejm at its next session. Due to the principles of
69:, exercise supreme control over the local national councils, approve promulgation of laws concerning the budget and military draft, declare a state of emergency and martial law, initiate legislation, and others.
135:
123:
The
Council of State institution was eliminated on 19 July 1989 by a constitutional amendment. Some of its functions were transferred to the reestablished office of the President of Poland.
712:
386:
705:
244:
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other states and to international organizations; it conferred orders and had the power of pardon. Some of its other constitutional functions were:
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82:
608:
Lepak, Keith John (1988). "Political System I, 1971-1976: Edward Gierek, the party-state, and Polish society".
270:
94:
66:
62:
798:
562:. Birmingham, England: Centre for Russian and East European Studies, University of Birmingham. p. 7.
29:
105:
issuing decrees during periods between Sejm sessions (the decrees had to be later accepted by the Sejm),
655:
356:
42:
581:
Cieplak, Tadeusz N. (1972). "Section 4. The
Government: Introduction". In Cieplak, Tadeusz N. (ed.).
248:
76:, the office of the President of Poland was eliminated and the Council of State became a collective
65:, and potential other members. The Council of State had the power to approve decrees issued by the
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586:
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377:
117:
753:
347:
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34:
240:
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533:. Alphen ann den Rijn, the Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoff. pp.
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281:
236:
594:
208:
583:
Poland Since 1956: Readings and essays on Polish government and politics
175:
18:
323:
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Prelude to
Solidarity: Poland and the Politics of the Gierek Regime
290:
635:
633:
720:
58:
630:
120:, however, such approvals were usually a mere formality.
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calling elections to the Sejm and convening its sessions,
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First
Chairman of the Council elected on the basics of
507:
445:
List of Deputy
Chairmen of the Polish Council of State
481:(in Polish). Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna. p. 232.
560:
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determining binding interpretations of Sejm statues.
580:
126:
528:
672:1952 Constitution of the Polish People's Republic
607:
785:
612:. New York: Columbia University Press. p.
706:
557:
85:, although occasionally deputies from PZPR's
49:power. The Council of State consisted of the
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289:
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74:Constitution of the Polish People's Republic
713:
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81:chosen from the deputies representing the
501:
473:
136:Chairman of the Council of State (Poland)
22:A meeting of the Council of State in 1964
531:The Constitutions of the Communist World
524:
522:
17:
585:. New York: Twayne Publishers. p.
786:
574:
694:
519:
251:served together as Acting Chairman)
660:President of the Republic of Poland
83:Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)
51:President of the Republic of Poland
13:
14:
810:
364:23 December 1970 - 28 March 1972
772:
529:Simons, William B., ed. (1980).
127:Chairmen of the Council of State
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664:
450:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
427:6 November 1985 - 19 July 1989
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601:
551:
1:
460:
7:
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91:United People's Party (ZSL)
10:
815:
656:Small Constitution of 1947
95:Alliance of Democrats (SD)
43:Small Constitution of 1947
770:
729:
57:and Vice-marshals of the
794:Polish People's Republic
41:) was introduced by the
28:Council of State of the
723:Polish Council of State
456:, a similar institution
108:initiating legislation,
558:Sakwa, George (1976).
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118:democratic centralism
21:
642:of 1952 Constitution
249:Stanisław Kulczyński
67:Council of Ministers
63:Supreme Audit Office
799:Stalinism in Poland
764:Wojciech Jaruzelski
739:Aleksander Zawadzki
516:at the Sejm website
479:Polskie Konstytucje
411:Wojciech Jaruzelski
265:(Ochab and Lange),
245:Bolesław Podedworny
216:20 November 1952 -
200:Aleksander Zawadzki
183:20 February 1947 -
142:
61:, President of the
754:Józef Cyrankiewicz
514:Small Constitution
504:, pp. 361–363
475:Ajnenkiel, Andrzej
424:
391:
361:
348:Józef Cyrankiewicz
328:
295:
213:
180:
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30:Republic of Poland
24:
781:
780:
749:Marian Spychalski
623:978-0-231-06608-2
544:978-90-286-0070-6
488:978-83-214-0256-7
436:
435:
333:23 December 1970
315:Marian Spychalski
298:12 August 1964 -
235:(Deputy Chairmen
185:20 November 1952
87:satellite parties
53:as chairman, the
806:
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759:Henryk Jabłoński
721:Chairmen of the
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396:6 November 1985
394:28 March 1972 -
378:Henryk Jabłoński
331:11 April 1968 -
256:7 August 1964 -
158:Political party
143:
140:
814:
813:
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734:Bolesław Bierut
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258:12 August 1964
167:Bolesław Bierut
129:
72:Under the 1952
45:as an organ of
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683:Died in office
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502:Ajnenkiel 1982
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414:(1923 - 2014)
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381:(1909 - 2003)
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351:(1911 - 1989)
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318:(1906 - 1980)
312:
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300:11 April 1968
296:
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285:(1906 - 1989)
279:
275:
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269:(Podedworny),
260:
254:
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241:Oskar R. Lange
230:
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218:7 August 1964
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203:(1899 - 1964)
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170:(1892 - 1956)
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132:main article:
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78:head of state
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744:Edward Ochab
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454:Soviet Union
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282:Edward Ochab
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237:Edward Ochab
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39:Rada Państwa
27:
25:
15:
788:Categories
652:Ex officio
461:References
640:Chapter 3
152:Portrait
47:executive
477:(1982).
439:See also
568:4330848
535:295–296
452:of the
55:Marshal
654:under
620:
595:282099
593:
566:
541:
485:
233:Vacant
35:Polish
155:Term
149:Name
618:ISBN
591:OCLC
564:OCLC
539:ISBN
483:ISBN
431:PZPR
401:PZPR
368:PZPR
338:PZPR
305:PZPR
263:PZPR
247:and
223:PZPR
190:PZPR
146:No.
93:and
59:Sejm
26:The
658:as
587:207
267:ZSL
790::
632:^
616:.
614:56
589:.
537:.
521:^
407:7
374:6
344:5
311:4
278:3
271:SD
243:,
239:,
229:-
196:2
163:1
89:,
37::
714:e
707:t
700:v
626:.
597:.
570:.
547:.
491:.
33:(
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