St. Peter's Basilica

4385: 1541: 2124: 3080: 1533: 2096: 3929: 3960: 3945: 1189: 2072: 2872: 4496: 129: 2006: 2478: 1860: 2112: 5627:, 2007: "Tetzel's experiences as a preacher of indulgences, especially between 1503 and 1510, led to his appointment as general commissioner by Albrecht, archbishop of Mainz, who, deeply in debt to pay for a large accumulation of benefices, had to contribute a considerable sum toward the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Albrecht obtained permission from Pope Leo X to conduct the sale of a special plenary indulgence (i.e., remission of the temporal punishment of sin), half of the proceeds of which Albrecht was to claim to pay the fees of his benefices. In effect, Tetzel became a salesman whose product was to cause a scandal in Germany that evolved into the greatest crisis (the Reformation) in the history of the Western church." 1884: 2386: 2084: 3028: 2807: 3917: 2944: 4009: 2532: 1243: 871: 3000: 2186:' treatise (1563), the dome may be represented as ovoid, but the perspective is ambiguous. Stefan du Pérac's engraving (1569) shows a hemispherical dome, but this was perhaps an inaccuracy of the engraver. The profile of the wooden model is more ovoid than that of the engravings, but less so than the finished product. It has been suggested that Michelangelo on his death bed reverted to the more pointed shape. However, Lees-Milne cites Giacomo della Porta as taking full responsibility for the change and as indicating to Pope Sixtus that Michelangelo was lacking in the scientific understanding of which he himself was capable. 2135:, is constructed of two shells of brick, the outer one having 16 stone ribs, twice the number at Florence but far fewer than in Sangallo's design. As with the designs of Bramante and Sangallo, the dome is raised from the piers on a drum. The encircling peristyle of Bramante and the arcade of Sangallo are reduced to 16 pairs of Corinthian columns, each of 15 metres (49 ft) high which stand proud of the building, connected by an arch. Visually they appear to buttress each of the ribs, but structurally they are probably quite redundant. The reason for this is that the dome is ovoid in shape, rising steeply as does the 16081: 13588: 12439: 11503: 10168: 3597: 2707: 3581: 3629: 1872: 3613: 2471:. To this end an order was issued which stated that "all work should take a second seat to that of the campanile". The south tower was completed on time even in spite of these issues, but records show that in the wake of the unveiling the Pope was not content with what he saw and he ordered the top level of Bernini's tower removed so that the structure could be made even grander. The tower continued to grow, and as the construction began to settle, the first cracks started to appear followed by Urban's infamous public admonishment of his architect. 3248: 3986: 2815:

including the olive leaves, bees, and the portrait heads of Urban's niece in childbirth and her newborn son, are picked out in gold leaf. The baldacchino stands as a vast free-standing sculptural object, central to and framed by the largest space within the building. It is so large that the visual effect is to create a link between the enormous dome which appears to float above it, and the congregation at floor level of the basilica. It is penetrated visually from every direction, and is visually linked to the

16167: 10290: 2285: 2494:" such as was occasionally found in Italian churches. This is the part of Maderno's design with which he was most satisfied. Its long barrel vault is decorated with ornate stucco and gilt, and successfully illuminated by small windows between pendentives, while the ornate marble floor is beamed with light reflected in from the piazza. At each end of the narthex is a theatrical space framed by ionic columns and within each is set a statue, an 16150: 16069: 13600: 12451: 11515: 10642: 10180: 818: 16184: 1382: 16093: 16105: 16133: 2175:

della Porta subsequently altered this model in several ways. The major change restored an earlier design, in which the outer dome appears to rise above, rather than rest directly on the base. Most of the other changes were of a cosmetic nature, such as the adding of lion's masks over the swags on the drum in honour of Pope Sixtus and adding a circlet of

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building looks nearer than it is, the breadth of the facade is minimized and its height appears greater in proportion to its width. The second section of the piazza is a huge elliptical circus which gently slopes downwards to the obelisk at its centre. The two distinct areas are framed by a colonnade formed by doubled pairs of columns supporting an

1589:. It contained a very large number of burials and memorials, including those of most of the popes from St. Peter to the 15th century. Like all of the earliest churches in Rome, both this church and its successor had the entrance to the east and the apse at the west end of the building. Since the construction of the current basilica, the name 2095: 1782:. The main difference between Bramante's design and that of the Pantheon is that where the dome of the Pantheon is supported by a continuous wall, that of the new basilica was to be supported only on four large piers. This feature was maintained in the ultimate design. Bramante's dome was to be surmounted by a 3093:

the Redeemer, St. John the Baptist and 11 Apostles. From the left: St. Thadeus, St. Matthew, St. Philip, St. Thomas, St. James the Greater, St. John the Baptist, The Redeemer, St. Andrew, St. John the Evangelist, St. James the Lesser, St. Bartholomew, St. Simeon, and St. Matthias. Above the Roman clock is the

2580:. Remarkably, all of the large altarpieces, with the exception of the Holy Trinity by Pietro da Cortona in the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, have been reproduced in mosaic. Two precious paintings from the old basilica, Our Lady of Perpetual Help and Our Lady of the Column are still being used as altarpieces. 6281:"Since Nicholas V twenty-seven popes over a span of 178 years had imagined this day. They had already spent 46 800 052 ducats (...) And still the building was not done. The basic construction was complete, but the last genius (Bernini) to put his signature on the Basilica was just beginning his work." in 3092:

The top of the facade of St. Peter's Basilica has two clocks and several sculptures. The clocks were created to replace Bernini's bell towers which had to be torn down due to insufficient support. The left hand clock shows Rome time, the right hand one shows European mean time. The statues are Christ

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The part of the colonnade that is around the ellipse does not entirely encircle it, but reaches out in two arcs, symbolic of the arms of "the Catholic Church reaching out to welcome its communicants". The obelisk and Maderno's fountain mark the widest axis of the ellipse. Bernini balanced the scheme

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The ovoid profile of the dome has been the subject of much speculation and scholarship over the past century. Michelangelo died in 1564, leaving the drum of the dome complete, and Bramante's piers much bulkier than originally designed, each 18 metres (59 ft) across. Following his death, the work

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Even though the work had progressed only a little in 40 years, Michelangelo did not simply dismiss the ideas of the previous architects. He drew on them in developing a grand vision. Above all, Michelangelo recognized the essential quality of Bramante's original design. He reverted to the Greek Cross

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Age". It occupies an awkward position, being set in a niche above a doorway into a small vestry, but Bernini has utilized the doorway in a symbolic manner. Pope Alexander kneels upon his tomb, facing outward. The tomb is supported on a large draped shroud in patterned red marble, and is supported by

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story. The breadth is caused by modifying the plan to have towers on either side. These towers were never executed above the line of the facade because it was discovered that the ground was not sufficiently stable to bear the weight. One effect of the facade and lengthened nave is to screen the view

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The facade is often cited as the least satisfactory part of the design of St. Peter's. The reasons for this, according to James Lees-Milne, are that it was not given enough consideration by the Pope and committee because of the desire to get the building completed quickly, coupled with the fact that

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Michelangelo left a few drawings, including an early drawing of the dome, and some details. There were also detailed engravings published in 1569 by Stefan du Pérac who claimed that they were the master's final solution. Michelangelo, like Sangallo before him, also left a large wooden model. Giacomo

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Sangallo's plan (1513), of which a large wooden model still exists, looks to both these predecessors. He realized the value of both the coffering at the Pantheon and the outer stone ribs at Florence Cathedral. He strengthened and extended the peristyle of Bramante into a series of arched and ordered

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The nave which leads to the central dome is in three bays, with piers supporting a barrel vault, the highest of any church. The nave is framed by wide aisles which have a number of chapels off them. There are also chapels surrounding the dome. Moving around the basilica in a clockwise direction they

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The interior dimensions are vast when compared to other churches. One author wrote: "Only gradually does it dawn upon us – as we watch people draw near to this or that monument, strangely they appear to shrink; they are, of course, dwarfed by the scale of everything in the building. This in its turn

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On 7 December 2007, a fragment of a red chalk drawing of a section of the dome of the basilica, almost certainly by the hand of Michelangelo, was discovered in the Vatican archives. The drawing shows a small precisely drafted section of the plan of the entablature above two of the radial columns of

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took over a building site at which four piers, enormous beyond any constructed since ancient Roman times, were rising behind the remaining nave of the old basilica. He also inherited the numerous schemes designed and redesigned by some of the greatest architectural and engineering minds of the 16th

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maintained changes that Raphael had proposed to the internal arrangement of the three main apses, but otherwise reverted to the Greek Cross plan and other features of Bramante. This plan did not go ahead because of various difficulties of both Church and state. In 1527 Rome was sacked and plundered

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was confirmed as the architect of St. Peter's on 1 August 1514. The main change in his plan is the nave of five bays, with a row of complex apsidal chapels off the aisles on either side. Raphael's plan for the chancel and transepts made the squareness of the exterior walls more definite by reducing

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The entire interior of St. Peter's is lavishly decorated with marble, reliefs, architectural sculpture and gilding. The basilica contains a large number of tombs of popes and other notable people, many of which are considered outstanding artworks. There are also a number of sculptures in niches and

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To the single bay of Michelangelo's Greek Cross, Maderno added a further three bays. He made the dimensions slightly different from Michelangelo's bay, thus defining where the two architectural works meet. Maderno also tilted the axis of the nave slightly. This was not by accident, as suggested by

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On 1 January 1547 in the reign of Pope Paul III, Michelangelo, then in his seventies, succeeded Sangallo the Younger as "Capomaestro", the superintendent of the building program at St Peter's. He is to be regarded as the principal designer of a large part of the building as it stands today, and as

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made its construction feasible. Its double-shell construction of bricks locked together in a herringbone pattern (re-introduced from Byzantine architecture), and the gentle upward slope of its eight stone ribs made it possible for the construction to take place without the massive wooden formwork

1801:, nave and transept arms were each to be of two bays ending in an apse. At each corner of the building was to stand a tower, so that the overall plan was square, with the apses projecting at the cardinal points. Each apse had two large radial buttresses, which squared off its semi-circular shape. 1474:

from the Circus, less than 150 metres (490 ft) from his place of death. The Via Cornelia was a road which ran east-to-west along the north wall of the Circus on land now covered by the southern portions of the Basilica and St. Peter's Square. A shrine was built on this site some years later.

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The baldacchino is surmounted not with an architectural pediment, like most baldacchini, but with curved Baroque brackets supporting a draped canopy, like the brocade canopies carried in processions above precious iconic images. In this case, the draped canopy is of bronze, and all the details,

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appear to thrust upwards because of the apparent pressure created by flattening the building's angles and restraining its projections. If this explanation is the correct one, then the profile of the dome is not merely a structural solution, as perceived by Giacomo della Porta; it is part of the

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and because the projection of the nave screens the dome from sight when the building is approached from the square in front of it, the work of Michelangelo is best appreciated from a distance. What becomes apparent is that the architect has greatly reduced the clearly defined geometric forms of

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Bernini's transformation of the site is entirely Baroque in concept. Where Bramante and Michelangelo conceived a building that stood in "self-sufficient isolation", Bernini made the whole complex "expansively relate to its environment". Banister Fletcher says "No other city has afforded such a

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and the altar of the Basilica in the "Confession". For this reason, many Popes have, from the early years of the Church, been buried near Pope St. Peter in the necropolis beneath the Basilica. Construction of the current basilica, over the old Constantinian basilica, began on 18 April 1506 and

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Bernini's ingenious solution was to create a piazza in two sections. That part which is nearest the basilica is trapezoid, but rather than fanning out from the facade, it narrows. This gives the effect of countering the visual perspective. It means that from the second part of the piazza, the

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had long been a critic of Bernini's predecessor, Carlo Maderno. His disapproval of the architect's work stemmed largely from Maderno's design for the longitudinal nave of St. Peters, which was widely condemned for obscuring Michelangelo's dome. When the Pope gave the commission to Bernini he

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Helen Gardner suggests that Michelangelo made the change to the hemispherical dome of lower profile in order to establish a balance between the dynamic vertical elements of the encircling giant order of pilasters and a more static and reposeful dome. Gardner also comments, "The sculpturing of

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submitted a plan which combines features of Peruzzi, Raphael and Bramante in its design and extends the building into a short nave with a wide façade and portico of dynamic projection. His proposal for the dome was much more elaborate of both structure and decoration than that of Bramante and

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designed by Maderno in 1613 and set to one side of the obelisk, making a line parallel with the facade. Bernini's plan uses this horizontal axis as a major feature of his unique, spatially dynamic and highly symbolic design. The most obvious solutions were either a rectangular piazza of vast

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In the mid-18th century, cracks appeared in the dome, so four iron chains were installed between the two shells to bind it, like the rings that keep a barrel from bursting. As many as ten chains have been installed at various times, the earliest possibly planned by Michelangelo himself as a

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and placed within St Peter's. In 1505 Julius made a decision to demolish the ancient basilica and replace it with a monumental structure to house his enormous tomb and "aggrandize himself in the popular imagination". A competition was held, and a number of the designs have survived at the

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It is this sense of the building being sculptured, unified and "pulled together" by the encircling band of the deep cornice that led Eneide Mignacca to conclude that the ovoid profile, seen now in the end product, was an essential part of Michelangelo's first (and last) concept. The

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had stood for so long was hallowed. The only solution was to build a nave that encompassed the whole space. In 1607 a committee of ten architects was called together, and a decision was made to extend Michelangelo's building into a nave. Maderno's plans for both the nave and the

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of Corinthian pilasters all set at slightly different angles to each other, in keeping with the ever-changing angles of the wall's surface. Above them, the huge cornice ripples in a continuous band, giving the appearance of keeping the whole building in a state of compression.

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Bramante's plan of a square with square projections, and also of Raphael's plan of a square with semi-circular projections. Michelangelo has blurred the definition of the geometry by making the external masonry of massive proportions and filling in every corner with a small

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the cupola drum. Michelangelo is known to have destroyed thousands of his drawings before his death. The rare survival of this example is probably due to its fragmentary state and the fact that detailed mathematical calculations had been made over the top of the drawing.

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necessary to construct hemispherical arches. While its appearance, with the exception of the details of the lantern, is entirely Gothic, its engineering was highly innovative, and the product of a mind that had studied the huge vaults and remaining dome of Ancient Rome.

2971:, known as "The Witness", at 25.31 metres (83.0 ft) and a total height, including base and the cross on top, of 40 metres (130 ft), is the second largest standing obelisk, and the only one to remain standing since its removal from Egypt and re-erection at the 1837:

included ribs on the exterior. Like Bramante, Sangallo proposed that the dome be surmounted by a lantern which he redesigned to a larger and much more elaborate form. Sangallo's main practical contribution was to strengthen Bramante's piers which had begun to crack.

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determined to enshrine it in suitable splendor as the object upon which the line of successors to Peter was based. Bernini created a large bronze throne in which it was housed, raised high on four looping supports held effortlessly by massive bronze statues of four

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In 1939, in the reign of Pope Pius XII, 10 years of archaeological research began under the crypt of the basilica in an area inaccessible since the ninth century. The excavations revealed the remains of shrines of different periods at different levels, from

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in Côte d'Ivoire is larger appear to be spurious, as the measurements include a rectorate, a villa and probably the forecourt. Its dome, based on that of St. Peter's Basilica, is lower but carries a taller cross, and thus claims to be the tallest domed

1149:, in reference to the confession of faith by St. Peter, which led to his martyrdom. Two curving marble staircases lead to this underground chapel at the level of the Constantinian church and immediately above the purported burial place of Saint Peter. 2563:

basins, appear of quite normal cherubic size, until approached. Then it becomes apparent that each one is over 2 metres high and that real children cannot reach the basins unless they scramble up the marble draperies. The aisles each have two smaller

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and also had Rossellino design a plan for an entirely new basilica, or an extreme modification of the old. His reign was frustrated by political problems and when he died, little had been achieved. He had, however, ordered the demolition of the

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or stairwell. The effect created is of a continuous wall surface that is folded or fractured at different angles, but lacks the right angles which usually define change of direction at the corners of a building. This exterior is surrounded by a

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openings around the base, with a second such arcade set back in a tier above the first. In his hands, the rather delicate form of the lantern, based closely on that in Florence, became a massive structure, surrounded by a projecting base, a

2829:. There was much dismay from those who thought that the dome might fall, but it did not. On the balconies Bernini created showcases, framed by the eight ancient twisted columns, to display the four most precious relics of the basilica: the 3901:. The foot of Truth rests upon a globe of the world, her toe being pierced symbolically by the thorn of Protestant England. Coming forth, seemingly, from the doorway as if it were the entrance to a tomb, is the skeletal winged figure of 3048:

with another fountain in 1675. The approach to the square used to be through a jumble of old buildings, which added an element of surprise to the vista that opened up upon passing through the colonnade. Nowadays a long wide street, the

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on 28 September 1586, was an operation fraught with difficulties and nearly ending in disaster when the ropes holding the obelisk began to smoke from the friction. Fortunately this problem was noticed by Benedetto Bresca, a sailor of

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Maderno was hesitant to deviate from the pattern set by Michelangelo at the other end of the building. Lees-Milne describes the problems of the façade as being too broad for its height, too cramped in its details and too heavy in the

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and had demonstrated himself as a dynamic architect. Maderno's idea was to ring Michelangelo's building with chapels, but the Pope was hesitant about deviating from the master's plan, even though he had been dead for forty years. The

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purple. Although it could not be determined with certainty that the bones were those of Peter, the rare vestments suggested a burial of great importance. On 23 December 1950, in his pre-Christmas radio broadcast to the world,

1314:. However, St. Peter's is functionally the Pope's principal church, as most Papal liturgies and ceremonies take place there due to its size, proximity to the Papal residence, and location within the Vatican City proper. The " 2227:, had the cross raised into place, an event which took all day, and was accompanied by the ringing of the bells of all the city's churches. In the arms of the cross are set two lead caskets, one containing a fragment of the 1345:

in 1984 under criteria (i), (ii), (iv), and (vi). With an exterior area of 21,095 square metres (227,060 sq ft), an interior area of 15,160 square metres (163,200 sq ft), St. Peter's Basilica is the

3020:. The problems of the square plan are that the necessary width to include the fountain would entail the demolition of numerous buildings, including some of the Vatican, and would minimize the effect of the facade. The 2368:

The building of the nave began on 7 May 1607, and proceeded at a great rate, with an army of 700 labourers being employed. The following year, the façade was begun, in December 1614 the final touches were added to the

2929:, the little chapel that marks the place of the death of St. Peter. On either side is an angel, one gazing in rapt adoration and the other looking towards the viewer in welcome. Bernini died in 1680 in his 82nd year. 2460:

therefore requested that a new design for the facade's bell towers to be submitted for consideration. Baldinucci describes Bernini's tower as consisting of "two orders of columns and pilasters, the first order being

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As part of the scheme for the central space of the church, Bernini had the huge piers, begun by Bramante and completed by Michelangelo, hollowed out into niches, and had staircases made inside them, leading to four

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wide-swept approach to its cathedral church, no other architect could have conceived a design of greater nobility ... (it is) the greatest of all atriums before the greatest of all churches of Christendom."

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had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built. It was a burial ground for the numerous executions in the Circus and contained many Christian burials as for many years after the burial of

1258:. Its dome is a feature of the skyline of Rome and covers an area of 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres). One of the holiest sites of Christianity and Catholic Tradition, it is traditionally the burial site of its titular, 4384: 3012:

proportions so that the obelisk stood centrally and the fountain (and a matching companion) could be included, or a trapezoid piazza which fanned out from the facade of the basilica like that in front of the

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or "throne of St. Peter" a chair which was often claimed to have been used by the apostle, but appears to date from the 12th century. As the chair itself was fast deteriorating and was no longer serviceable,

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The statue was damaged in 1972 by Lazlo Toft, a Hungarian-Australian, who considered that the veneration shown to the statue was idolatrous. The damage was repaired and the statue subsequently placed behind

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which has the effect of creating both vertical and horizontal ribs while lightening the overall load. At the summit is an ocular opening 8 metres (26 ft) across which provides light to the interior.

10791: 1853:. Michelangelo wrote, "I undertake this only for the love of God and in honour of the Apostle." He insisted that he should be given a free hand to achieve the ultimate aim by whatever means he saw fit. 2190:

architecture ... here extends itself up from the ground through the attic stories and moves on into the drum and dome, the whole building being pulled together into a unity from base to summit."

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Bernini's final work for St. Peter's, undertaken in 1676, was the decoration of the Chapel of the Sacrament. To hold the sacramental Host, he designed a miniature version in gilt bronze of Bramante's

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bringing the construction to a point where it could be carried through. He did not take on the job with pleasure; it was forced upon him by Pope Paul, frustrated at the death of his chosen candidate,

2922:, had urged Bernini to make the figures large, so that they would be seen well from the central portal of the nave. The chair was enshrined in its new home with great celebration of 16 January 1666. 2769:, a pavilion-like structure 28.74 metres (94.3 ft) tall and claimed to be the largest piece of bronze in the world, which stands beneath the dome and above the altar. Its design is based on the 1451:, Peter was crucified head downwards, by his own request because he considered himself unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus. The crucifixion took place near an ancient Egyptian obelisk in the 11458: 6687: 5012: 2914:, the Greek Church. The four figures are dynamic with sweeping robes and expressions of adoration and ecstasy. Behind and above the cathedra, a blaze of light comes in through a window of yellow 3928: 2548:

had been erected in the square outside, but had not been quite aligned with Michelangelo's building, so Maderno compensated, in order that it should, at least, align with the Basilica's façade.

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integrated design solution that is about visual tension and compression. In one sense, Michelangelo's dome may appear to look backward to the Gothic profile of Florence Cathedral and ignore the

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form but the early designs were for a centrally planned structure and this is still in evidence in the architecture. The central space is dominated both externally and internally by one of the

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The dome of the Pantheon stands on a circular wall with no entrances or windows except a single door. The whole building is as high as it is wide. Its dome is constructed in a single shell of

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Another influence on the thinking of both the Fabbrica and the Curia was a certain guilt at the demolition of the ancient building. The ground on which it and its various associated chapels,

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as a watchdog to make sure that Michelangelo's plans were carried out exactly. Despite Vignola's knowledge of Michelangelo's intentions, little happened in this period. In 1585 the energetic

1641:. A succession of popes and architects followed in the next 120 years, their combined efforts resulting in the present building. The scheme begun by Julius II continued through the reigns of 1931:

expresses it: "Without destroying the centralising features of Bramante's plan, Michelangelo, with a few strokes of the pen converted its snowflake complexity into massive, cohesive unity."

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The 19th and early-20th-century architectural revivals brought about the building of a great number of churches that imitate elements of St Peter's to a greater or lesser degree, including

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Concrete for which he had rediscovered a formula. With the exception of the lantern that surmounts it, the profile is very similar, except that in this case, the supporting wall becomes a

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planned far more for St Peter's than Nicholas V's program of repair or modification. Julius was at that time planning his own tomb, which was to be designed and adorned with sculpture by

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who viewed the basilica as belonging to Rome rather than Christendom, were in a quandary as to how the building should proceed. One of the matters that influenced their thinking was the

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raised high above ground level on four massive piers. The solid wall, as used at the Pantheon, is lightened at St. Peter's by Bramante piercing it with windows and encircling it with a

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and by the time of his death, 2,522 cartloads of stone had been transported for use in the new building. The foundations were completed for a new transept and choir to form a domed

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of columns, stretches across the end of the square and is approached by steps on which stand two 5.55-metre (18.2 ft) statues of the first-century apostles to Rome, Saints

2853:, the brother of Saint Peter. In each of the niches that surround the central space of the basilica was placed a huge statue of the saint associated with the relic above. Only 2731:

and worked on the embellishment of the Basilica for 50 years. Appointed as Maderno's successor in 1629, he was to become regarded as the greatest architect and sculptor of the

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decoration of the vault and early in 1615 the partition wall between the two sections was pulled down. All the rubble was carted away, and the nave was ready for use by

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that approximately weighs 9 tonnes. From 1931, the bells are operated electrically, thus permitting even the largest bell to be tolled from a distance. The oldest bell

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or canopy carried above the head of the pope in processions, and in part from eight ancient columns that had formed part of a screen in the old basilica. Their twisted

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The word "stupendous" is used by a number of writers trying to adequately describe the enormity of the interior. These include James Lees-Milne and Banister Fletcher.

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and other privileged persons could descend in order to be nearer to the burial place of the apostle. Its marble steps are remnants of the old basilica and around its

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dome, such as that of the Pantheon, which, although it is not buttressed, is countered by the downward thrust of heavy masonry which extends above the circling wall.

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sculptor/architect has, figuratively speaking, taken all the previous designs in hand and compressed their contours as if the building were a lump of clay. The dome

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was designed by Giacomo della Porta before the completion of St Peter's Basilica, and subsequently worked on by Carlo Maderno. This was followed by the domes of

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In 1642 all work on both towers came to a halt. Bernini had to pay the cost for the demolition; eventually the idea of completing the bell towers was abandoned.

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IOANNES PAVLVS II P.M. PORTAM SANCTAM ANNO IVBILAEI MCMLXXVI A PAVLO PP VI RESERVATAM ET CLAVSAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVB HVMANE REDEMP MCMLXXXIII–MCMLXXXIV

2803:. Based on these columns, Bernini created four huge columns of bronze, twisted and decorated with laurel leaves and bees, which were the emblem of Pope Urban. 2029:

Bramante's plan for the dome of St. Peter's (1506) follows that of the Pantheon very closely, and like that of the Pantheon, was designed to be constructed in

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In the towers to either side of the facade are two clocks. The clock on the left has been operated electrically since 1931. Its oldest bell dates from 1288.

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The dome of St. Peter's rises to a total height of 136.57 metres (448.1 ft) from the floor of the basilica to the top of the external cross. It is the

13417: 13123: 10880: 10341: 11473: 7428: 4857:, the renowned architectural historian calls it "the greatest creation of the Renaissance" and "... the greatest of all churches of Christendom" in 4790: 5004: 3346:

One of the most important treasures of the basilica is a mosaic set above the central external door. Called the "Navicella", it is based on a design by

2787:

are generally of white marble, with inlaid coloured stone. Bernini's concept was for something very different. He took his inspiration in part from the

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The Basilica has 6 bells, placed in the room under the Roman clock, only 3 of them are visible from ground level while the rest are hidden behind the

1341:

As one of the constituent structures of the historically and architecturally significant Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica was inscribed as a UNESCO

156: 13118: 11839: 9831: 4892: 3425:(John Paul II, Pontifex Maximus, again opened and closed the holy door in the year of the great jubilee, from the incarnation of the Lord 2000–2001.) 12986: 6918: 5273: 3430:

FRANCISCVS PP. PORTAM SANCTAM ANNO MAGNI IVB MM–MMI A IOANNE PAVLO PP. II RESERVATAM ET CLAVSAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVB MISERICORDIAE MMXV–MMXVI

1993:

that the architects of St. Peter's looked for solutions as to how to go about building what was conceived, from the outset, as the greatest dome of

16264: 13047: 12189: 11124: 7864: 6890: 5056: 3916: 1907:

a century earlier and which has since dominated the skyline of Renaissance Florence, and they all called for a strongly symmetrical plan of either

1350:

by the two latter metrics and the second largest by the first as of 2016. The top of its dome, at 448.1 feet (136.6 m), also places it as the

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Pope Julius' scheme for the grandest building in Christendom was the subject of a competition for which a number of entries remain intact in the

6965: 2123: 1969:. Its internal diameter is 41.47 metres (136.1 ft), slightly smaller than two of the three other huge domes that preceded it, those of the 1942:

end (the ecclesiastical "Eastern end") with its huge centrally placed dome that is the work of Michelangelo. Because of its location within the

1188: 16289: 15729: 13057: 11468: 11376: 10241: 10210: 10146: 4150: 3358: 2495: 2296:, the dismantling of the remaining parts of the Constantinian basilica began. The marble cross that had been set at the top of the pediment by 2182:

A drawing by Michelangelo indicates that his early intentions were towards an ovoid dome, rather than a hemispherical one. In an engraving in

1235:

worldwide. However, unlike all the other Papal Major Basilicas, it is wholly within the territory, and thus the sovereign jurisdiction, of the

6144: 13472: 13032: 9094: 8496: 7717: 6024: 4580: 4511: 4464:

The drum of the dome: 630 feet (190 m) in circumference and 65.6 feet (20.0 m) high, rising to 240 feet (73 m) from the ground

3525:

Set in niches within the four piers supporting the dome are the larger-than-life statues associated with the basilica's primary holy relics:

2695: 1565:

between 319 and 333 AD. It was of typical basilical form, a wide nave and two aisles on each side and an apsidal end, with the addition of a

1347: 788: 2248:("... you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church. ... and I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven ..." 16244: 15334: 12806: 12288: 11431: 11014: 10958: 10679: 10306: 9732: 3350:(early 14th century) and represents a ship symbolizing the Christian Church. The mosaic is mostly a 17th-century copy of Giotto's original. 1605:, the old basilica had fallen into disrepair. It appears that the first pope to consider rebuilding or at least making radical changes was 5868: 2727:

and stated his wish to build "a mighty throne for the apostle". His wish came true. As a young man, in 1626, he received the patronage of

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This claim has recently been made for Yamoussoukro Basilica, the dome of which, modelled on St. Peter's, is lower but has a taller cross.

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Of the five portals from the narthex to the interior, three contain notable doors. The central portal has the Renaissance bronze door by

1540: 4925: 2316:. The tombs of various popes were opened, treasures removed and plans made for re-interment in the new basilica. The Pope had appointed 15614: 14857: 11651: 11224: 11027: 9196: 9118: 9107: 8755: 8005: 5194: 6054: 16274: 16234: 15634: 15405: 14737: 10336: 10321: 10203: 9550: 8083: 7646: 6721: 2568:

and a larger rectangular chapel, the Chapel of the Sacrament and the Choir Chapel. These are lavishly decorated with marble, stucco,

1883: 763:; these liturgies draw audiences numbering from 15,000 to over 80,000 people. St. Peter's has many historical associations, with the 705:

in Rome), St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the

5492: 2223:, saw Fontana complete the lantern and had an inscription to the honour of Sixtus V placed around its inner opening. The next pope, 14697: 13229: 11780: 11453: 10796: 10634: 10279: 9149: 5446: 3385:

The northernmost door is the "Holy Door" which, by tradition, is walled-up with bricks, and opened only for holy years such as the

835: 63: 14982: 10586: 5924: 5534: 2775:, of which there are many in the churches of Rome, serving to create a sort of holy space above and around the table on which the 13108: 12968: 12312: 11819: 11119: 11102: 11072: 10801: 10756: 8272: 7885: 1330:

from St. Peter to the reigning Pope. It occupies an elevated position in the apse of the Basilica, supported symbolically by the

1026: 3024:

plan, on the other hand, would maximize the apparent width of the facade, which was already perceived as a fault of the design.

2021:, made light by the inclusion of a large amount of the volcanic stones tuff and pumice. The inner surface of the dome is deeply 17: 16279: 15714: 15294: 14862: 12240: 11406: 10471: 7824: 7071: 6256: 6201: 6172: 5994: 4531: 3511:, to contain white stoles embroidered with black crosses and woven with the wool of lambs blessed on the feastday of St. Agnes. 2992:, and for his swift intervention, his town was granted the privilege of providing the palms that are used at the basilica each 2675: 779:

and numerous artists, especially Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age.

567: 7997: 3411:(Paul VI, Pontifex Maximus, opened and closed the holy door of this patriarchal Vatican basilica in the jubilee year of 1975.) 16239: 12895: 11244: 11131: 10806: 9904: 9671: 7724: 7152: 6871: 6850: 6817: 6788: 6668: 6649: 6630: 6608: 6585: 6230: 5283: 5256: 3398: 6823: 6495: 2393:

The facade designed by Maderno, is 114.69 metres (376.3 ft) wide and 45.55 metres (149.4 ft) high and is built of

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Five portals, of which three are framed by huge salvaged antique columns, lead into the basilica. The central portal has a

945:, or entrance hall, which stretches across the building. One of the decorated bronze doors leading from the narthex is the 3262:

within St. Peter's Basilica (extant to various extents), many located beneath the Basilica. These include 91 popes, Saint

2640: 16249: 16121: 15644: 15415: 15389: 13504: 13103: 13085: 12670: 12184: 11844: 11478: 11353: 11143: 10920: 10811: 10431: 10140: 9987: 9806: 7989: 4665: 4561: 2504: 748:. For this reason, many popes, cardinals and bishops have been interred at St. Peter's since the Early Christian period. 15734: 14687: 14120: 13509: 13219: 12636: 12488: 11765: 11742: 11416: 10938: 10776: 10766: 10491: 10264: 10130: 9589: 8651: 8539: 6428:

The Development of the Cult of St. Peter in the Vatican: from the poor man's grave to the largest basilica in the world

5348: 4025: 3786:, and which was used for baptisms from the 15th century until the late 17th century, when Fontana's work was completed. 3125:" blessing to the city and to the world. Campanone also announces the death of the pope and an election of a new pope. 2679: 2203:

of the Renaissance, but on the other hand, perhaps more than any other building of the 16th century, it prefigures the

1362:. Though the largest dome in the world by diameter at the time of its completion, it no longer holds this distinction. 783: 702: 5106: 3460:

Along the floor of the nave are markers showing the comparative lengths of other churches, starting from the entrance.

2005: 1797:

Bramante had envisioned that the central dome would be surrounded by four lower domes at the diagonal axes. The equal

16214: 15952: 15684: 15554: 14772: 14125: 13890: 13646: 13287: 13148: 13080: 12835: 12230: 12225: 12133: 11436: 11363: 11214: 11194: 10905: 10722: 10371: 9651: 9087: 8489: 8018: 7772: 7639: 7625: 7001: 6435: 5845: 5812: 5595: 5502: 4947: 4551: 4201: 2663: 2464:" and "a third or attic story formed of pilasters and two columns on either side of the open archway in the center". 1903:

century. There were certain common elements in these schemes. They all called for a dome to equal that engineered by

1351: 1282:. Although the New Testament does not mention St. Peter's martyrdom in Rome, tradition, based on the writings of the 857: 16209: 11824: 2691: 759:

functions. The pope presides at a number of liturgies throughout the year both within the basilica or the adjoining

42: 16284: 15749: 15694: 15669: 15324: 14912: 14095: 13261: 13224: 13143: 12203: 11775: 11552: 11441: 10672: 10516: 9921: 9398: 9014: 8339: 8024: 8010: 7697: 7609: 7588: 5142: 4546: 3779: 3271: 1426: 1303: 1220: 682: 678: 617: 3888:, towards the end of the aisle, is the work of Bernini and called by Lees-Milne "one of the greatest tombs of the 16259: 15754: 15654: 15309: 15083: 15068: 14837: 13630: 13449: 13329: 13133: 12996: 12876: 12761: 12379: 12367: 10821: 10707: 9977: 8894: 8217: 8120: 7674: 6513:"Papal Policy: The Planning of Rome during the Renaissance in The Evidence of Art: Images and Meaning in History" 6512: 6084: 4541: 3423:

IOANNES PAVLVS II P.M. ITERVM PORTAM SANCTAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO MAGNI IVBILAEI AB INCARNATIONE DOMINI MM–MMI

3409:

PAVLVS VI PONT MAX HVIVS PATRIARCALIS VATICANAE BASILICAE PORTAM SANCTAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVBILAEI MCMLXXV

3027: 1985:, 44 metres (144 ft). It has a greater diameter by approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) than Constantinople's 1833: 1774:

that was selected, and for which the foundation stone was laid in 1506. This plan was in the form of an enormous

1536:

Maarten van Heemskerck – Santa Maria della Febbre, Vatican Obelisk, Saint Peter's Basilica in construction (1532)

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On the decorative pilasters of the piers of the nave are medallions with relief depicting 56 of the first popes.

3436:

Older commemorative plaques are removed to make way for the new plaque when the holy door is opened and sealed.

2467:

Pope Urban desired the towers to be completed by a very specific date: 29 June 1641, the feast day dedicated to

2349:

as truly symbolic of Christianity. The central plan also did not have a "dominant orientation toward the east."

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the size of the towers, and the semi-circular apses more clearly defined by encircling each with an ambulatory.

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James Lees-Milne describes St. Peter's Basilica as "a church with a unique position in the Christian world" in

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is rung at Christmas and Easter, on the Solemnity of Sts. Peter and Paul, and every time the Pope imparts the "

2468: 2215:

Giacomo della Porta and Domenico Fontana brought the dome to completion in 1590, the last year of the reign of

2131:

Michelangelo redesigned the dome in 1547, taking into account all that had gone before. His dome, like that of

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Maderno's last work at St. Peter's was to design a crypt-like space or "Confessio" under the dome, where the

1928: 1386: 1042: 1018: 725: 9458: 7892: 6949: 2389:

Maderno's façade, with the statues of Saint Peter (left) and Saint Paul (right) flanking the entrance stairs

1422: 15739: 15244: 15148: 15007: 14987: 14712: 12871: 12741: 12696: 12665: 12540: 11872: 11381: 11249: 11166: 11153: 11062: 10826: 10751: 10611: 10591: 10441: 10421: 10316: 10311: 10105: 9916: 9611: 9453: 9080: 8620: 8482: 8444: 8433: 8397: 7878: 7688: 7560: 7311: 6919:"Saint Peter's – Truth Unveiled: Bernini's Bell Towers and the Allegory of Truth: Urban VIII's Bell Towers" 4306: 4216: 3628: 3612: 3094: 1626:

with the preserved nave and side aisles of the old basilica. Some walls for the choir had also been built.

1511:

containing fragments of bones that were folded in a tissue with gold decorations, tinted with the precious

4884: 1432:

Catholic tradition holds that Peter, after a ministry of thirty-four years, travelled to Rome and met his

16229: 15831: 15709: 15679: 15385: 15249: 14832: 14827: 14802: 14792: 14777: 14757: 14727: 14594: 14564: 13406: 13324: 13282: 12723: 12582: 11446: 11358: 11239: 10875: 10665: 10601: 10436: 10426: 10401: 10391: 10376: 10356: 10326: 10000: 9840: 9696: 9191: 8673: 8563: 8333: 8265: 7984: 7814: 7681: 6922: 6898: 4672:(technically a 'precursor' and not an apostle); ⑦ Christ (centre, the only one with a halo); ⑧ Andrew, ⑨ 4282: 4156: 4105: 3794: 3295: 3275: 1553: 1545: 1476: 647: 7600: 6902: 6881:

Rasch, Jürgen (1985), "Die Kuppel in der römischen Architektur. Entwicklung, Formgebung, Konstruktion",

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Vestibule: 232.9 feet (71.0 m) wide, 44.2 feet (13.5 m) deep, and 91.8 feet (28.0 m) high

1322:, an ancient chair sometimes presumed to have been used by St. Peter himself, but which was a gift from 16254: 16139: 16059: 15972: 15058: 14807: 14762: 14732: 14100: 13623: 13499: 13304: 13166: 12818: 12731: 12300: 12261: 11887: 11689: 11348: 11290: 11234: 10943: 10406: 10361: 10331: 9744: 9574: 9561: 9443: 9300: 9133: 9042: 9032: 8936: 8630: 8315: 7967: 7064: 5669: 4536: 4300: 3369: 3241: 2667: 2608: 2439:(Paul V (Camillo Borghese), born in Rome but of a Sienese family, liked to emphasize his "Romanness".) 1409:, took a leadership position among Jesus' followers and was of great importance in the founding of the 1228: 966: 798:. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the 128: 6109:

Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 : die Kardinäle unter Coelestin III. und Innocenz III

4716:

The obelisk was originally erected at Heliopolis by an unknown pharaoh of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt (

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Betts, Richard J. (1993). "Structural Innovation and Structural Design in Renaissance Architecture".

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Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216: the cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocence III

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Julius II's tomb was left incomplete and was eventually erected in the Church of St Peter ad Vincola.

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of the dome, so that the building, from the front, has no vertical feature, except from a distance.

2148: 1038: 997:, the Chapel of the Madonna of Column, the altar of Saint Peter and the Paralytic, the apse with the 886:

St. Peter's is a church built in the Renaissance style located in the Vatican City west of the River

337: 38: 9448: 4600:" had as a consequence that Catholic Roman Rite patriarchal basilicas are today officially known as 3580: 3477:, with some scholars dating it to the fifth century. One foot of the statue is largely worn away by 16294: 15962: 15719: 15689: 15440: 15354: 15339: 15002: 14977: 14882: 14787: 14742: 14486: 14456: 14163: 14130: 13857: 12919: 12783: 12736: 12577: 12572: 12406: 12198: 11632: 11343: 11109: 10786: 10606: 10581: 10386: 10076: 10034: 9761: 9635: 9339: 9278: 8657: 8069: 6485: 5961: 3596: 2766: 2760: 2545: 2101:

The engraving by Stefan du Pérac was published in 1569, five years after the death of Michelangelo.

1982: 1577:. It was over 103.6 metres (340 ft) long, and the entrance was preceded by a large colonnaded 546: 369: 239: 13292: 6135: 6016: 4183: 3466:

In niches between the pilasters of the nave are statues depicting 39 founders of religious orders.

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Boorsch, Suzanne (Winter 1982–1983). "The Building of the Vatican: The Papacy and Architecture".

4614: 4252: 3314: 3079: 3049: 2956: 2770: 2687: 2616: 2397:

stone, with a giant order of Corinthian columns and a central pediment rising in front of a tall

1842: 828: 325: 15844: 15825: 9284: 8951: 7240: 6345: 5226: 4682: 3966: 3068:

and gives distant views of St. Peter's as the visitor approaches, with the basilica acting as a

2821:

in the apse behind it and to the four piers containing large statues that are at each diagonal.

1871: 1159: 1034: 16020: 15860: 15724: 15594: 15574: 15534: 15108: 14957: 14922: 14887: 14877: 14822: 14782: 14717: 14599: 14584: 14554: 14462: 13560: 13534: 12948: 12481: 12455: 11918: 11892: 10844: 10561: 10526: 10481: 10381: 10040: 9933: 9403: 8993: 8958: 8864: 8679: 8533: 8366: 8321: 8258: 8136: 8126: 7808: 7633: 7327: 7272: 7225: 6116:] (in German). Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften – via 5862: 5494:

The Lands of St. Peter: The Papal State in the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance, Volume 10

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and includes a portrait of Pope John XXIII kneeling before the crucified figure of Saint Peter.

2624: 2584: 2536: 1912: 1786:

with its own small dome but otherwise very similar in form to the Early Renaissance lantern of

1750: 1610: 1586: 1390: 1247: 950: 772: 764: 262: 198: 6707: 5837: 5830: 5804: 5797: 4915: 3762:, (great nephew of Domenico Fontana). The font was carved from the lid of the purple porphyry 2246:

TV ES PETRVS ET SVPER HANC PETRAM AEDIFICABO ECCLESIAM MEAM ET TIBI DABO CLAVES REGNI CAELORVM

15664: 15589: 15504: 15208: 15173: 15063: 14942: 14927: 14847: 14842: 14767: 14574: 14508: 14467: 14308: 14276: 14220: 13388: 13359: 13024: 12801: 12554: 12362: 12283: 12106: 11945: 11940: 11829: 11324: 11097: 10953: 10781: 10546: 10531: 10456: 10451: 10366: 9995: 9960: 9866: 9727: 9666: 9579: 9555: 9511: 9506: 9388: 9295: 9208: 9174: 8889: 8819: 8345: 8185: 8037: 7941: 7921: 7871: 7497: 7472: 7386: 7145: 7057: 7030: 6351: 5232: 4613:

Quarrying of stone for the Colosseum had, in turn, been paid for with treasure looted at the

4597: 4526: 4503: 4246: 3852: 3802: 3798: 3778:

sarcophagus lid font replaced an earlier font, which was re-purposed from the sarcophagus of

3354: 3283: 3279: 2938: 2895: 2800: 2612: 2301: 2116: 1966: 1578: 1562: 1521: 1456: 1376: 1359: 1331: 1283: 1199: 1171:. The apse culminates in a sculptural ensemble, also by Bernini, and containing the symbolic 903: 895: 760: 737: 651: 142: 15819: 5202: 15865: 15579: 15484: 15474: 15299: 15198: 15133: 14972: 14917: 14747: 14692: 14662: 14383: 14155: 13875: 13730: 13382: 13271: 12907: 12766: 12322: 12256: 12053: 12036: 11971: 11545: 10576: 10521: 10346: 10274: 10110: 9965: 9953: 9601: 9594: 9383: 9273: 9233: 9228: 8965: 8854: 8713: 8702: 8661: 8634: 8592: 8551: 8521: 8462: 8428: 8411: 8162: 7653: 7435: 7337: 7258: 7197: 7177: 6046: 4516: 4354: 4312: 4111: 3935: 3478: 3454: 3362: 2866: 2817: 2748: 2720: 2604: 2531: 2499: 2266:(To the glory of St Peter; Sixtus V, pope, in the year 1590, the fifth of his pontificate.) 2204: 2049: 1904: 1805: 1421:, and is the literal translation of the Aramaic "Kepa", the name given to Simon by Jesus. ( 1402: 1327: 1315: 1224: 1182:

described St. Peter's as "an ornament of the earth ... the sublime of the beautiful."

1168: 998: 879: 752: 674: 349: 301: 9816: 8297: 1859: 1025:, the Gregorian Chapel with the altar of the Madonna of Succour, the larger Chapel of the 8: 16097: 16085: 15882: 15420: 14797: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14579: 14378: 14368: 14344: 14281: 14258: 14062: 14035: 13907: 13839: 13762: 13715: 13592: 13565: 13173: 13004: 12443: 11928: 11913: 11867: 11686: 11507: 11305: 10849: 10396: 10172: 10047: 9909: 9661: 9463: 9433: 8919: 8505: 8456: 8407: 8393: 7916: 7456: 7449: 6491:

History of Architecture on the Comparative Method for the student, craftsman, and amateur

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Obelisk: 83.6 feet (25.5 m). Total height with base and cross, 132 feet (40 m).

4324: 4294: 4270: 4132: 3893:

four female figures, of whom only the two at the front are fully visible. They represent

3386: 3299: 3263: 2796: 2600: 2338: 2164: 2034: 1614: 1342: 1179: 1134: 1082: 910:. The first space is oval and the second trapezoidal. The façade of the basilica, with a 776: 510: 364: 353: 333: 321: 297: 223: 9938: 7793: 7511: 6977: 5454: 2065:

the design was "too eclectic, too pernickety and too tasteless to have been a success".

1729:

One method employed to finance the building of St. Peter's Basilica was the granting of

1581:. This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of 16073: 16030: 15992: 15982: 15619: 15464: 15459: 15304: 15012: 14902: 14589: 14531: 14503: 14438: 14373: 14140: 14057: 13794: 13752: 13604: 13411: 13334: 12813: 12357: 12295: 12220: 12026: 11984: 11978: 11519: 11386: 11189: 10646: 10616: 10506: 10184: 9811: 9739: 9528: 9473: 9290: 9223: 8884: 8839: 8824: 8720: 8610: 8389: 8029: 7788: 7768: 7567: 7442: 7393: 7317: 6762: 6597: 6543: 6470: 6462: 6406: 6377: 6320: 6107: 5916: 5111:. London, England: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne Limited. pp. 42–66. Archived from 4189: 3885: 3870: 3840: 3775: 3558: 3550: 3450: 3310: 2890: 2850: 2599:

The design of St. Peter's Basilica, and in particular its dome, has greatly influenced

2045: 1978: 1920: 1821: 1787: 1741:

by contributing to the rebuilding program. To facilitate this, he appointed the German

1444: 1118: 1078: 1058: 1010: 990: 7519: 4668:. From left to right: ① Thaddeus, ② Matthew, ③ Philip, ④ Thomas, ⑤ James the Elder, ⑥ 2385: 16025: 15629: 15479: 15400: 15239: 15188: 15078: 14997: 14817: 14619: 14559: 14433: 14422: 14388: 14315: 14225: 14205: 14110: 13922: 13912: 13824: 13809: 13339: 13095: 13072: 12689: 12609: 12604: 12544: 12474: 12021: 11966: 11391: 11298: 10416: 10152: 10100: 9569: 9533: 9344: 9305: 8803: 8584: 8403: 7265: 6867: 6861: 6846: 6840: 6813: 6794: 6784: 6778: 6754: 6713: 6664: 6645: 6626: 6604: 6581: 6535: 6474: 6431: 6414: 6389:

Boorsch, Suzanne (1982). "The Building of the Vatican: The Papacy and Architecture".

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unveiled in 1819. Opposite it is the memorial of James Francis Edward Stuart's wife,

3755: 3718: 3707: 3684: 3508: 3474: 3326: 3318: 3069: 2792: 2724: 2435:

Borghese, a Roman, Supreme Pontiff, in the year 1612, the seventh of his pontificate)

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A modern conjectural reconstruction of the relative locations of the circus, and the

1298:

St. Peter's Basilica is neither the Pope's official seat nor first in rank among the

1271: 1122: 1114: 1098: 1006: 974: 313: 6737:

McClendon, Charles (1989). "The History of the Site of St. Peter's Basilica, Rome".

2706: 2242:

Around the inside of the dome is written, in letters 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) high:

1466:

According to tradition, Peter's remains were buried just outside the Circus, on the

16173: 15803: 15699: 15564: 15519: 15509: 15274: 15203: 15163: 15088: 15036: 15027: 15017: 14952: 14677: 14525: 14497: 14240: 14145: 14052: 13968: 13870: 13819: 13769: 13735: 13705: 13550: 12796: 12567: 12278: 12161: 12016: 12011: 11834: 11804: 11724: 11719: 11570: 10915: 10621: 10556: 10226: 10195: 10029: 9887: 9722: 9616: 9378: 9368: 9354: 9331: 9312: 9166: 9037: 8899: 8834: 8764: 8624: 8598: 8438: 7951: 7926: 7708: 7400: 7344: 6774: 6746: 6703: 6527: 6454: 6398: 6369: 6312: 6300: 6117: 5990: 4919: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4440:

Total area: 227,070 square feet (21,095 m), more than 5 acres (20,000 m).

4388: 4330: 4288: 3894: 3825: 3733: 3726: 3676: 3566: 3526: 3485: 3057: 3053: 3013: 2984: 2846: 2834: 2620: 2461: 2410: 2321: 2297: 2168: 2111: 2062: 2010: 1846: 1694: 1690: 1650: 1460: 1354:

as of 2016. The dome's soaring height placed it among the tallest buildings of the

1323: 1231:. The rank of major basilica confers on St. Peter's Basilica precedence before all 1110: 1066: 620: 612: 588: 329: 309: 99: 4476:

Each arm of the colonnade: 306 feet (93 m) long, and 64 feet (20 m) high

3379: 2999: 2425:

IN HONOREM PRINCIPIS APOST PAVLVS V BVRGHESIVS ROMANVS PONT MAX AN MDCXII PONT VII

2048:, the desired visual appearance of the pointed dome existed for many years before 1219:

of Rome the others (all of which are also Papal Basilicas) being the Basilicas of

16012: 15997: 15938: 15900: 15759: 15410: 15349: 15213: 15178: 15158: 15113: 15103: 14812: 14625: 14408: 14210: 14150: 14072: 13982: 13975: 13865: 13844: 13814: 13774: 13740: 13720: 13690: 13665: 13545: 12940: 12526: 12317: 12215: 12208: 12176: 11814: 11622: 11538: 11263: 10466: 10411: 10230: 10084: 9948: 9871: 9491: 9420: 9349: 8879: 8859: 8844: 8778: 8567: 8450: 8195: 8092: 7972: 7936: 7931: 7798: 7764: 7379: 6807: 6618: 6489: 5078: 4601: 4360: 4318: 4240: 4228: 3829: 3783: 3722: 3664: 3570: 3287: 3007:

The other object in the old square with which Bernini had to contend was a large

2943: 2918:, illuminating, at its centre, the Dove of the Holy Spirit. The elderly painter, 2911: 2728: 2656: 2648: 2456: 2406: 2305: 2183: 2171:. The five-year reign of Sixtus was to see the building advance at a great rate. 1771: 1742: 1733:

in return for contributions. A major promoter of this method of fund-raising was

1718: 1714: 1710: 1658: 1606: 1311: 1292: 1263: 1090: 1050: 1030: 698: 690: 662: 639: 481: 203: 6957:‒ unofficial website on the basilica, with images and text from different books. 5886: 4473:

St. Peter's Square: 1,115 feet (340 m) long, 787.3 feet (240.0 m) wide

4348: 3372:(called Filarete) (1455), enlarged to fit the new space. The southern door, the 2963:

inspiration of Bernini who inherited a location already occupied by an Egyptian

2312:

columns, the largest of their kind, were carefully stored and later used in the

15905: 15659: 15624: 15514: 15494: 15469: 15359: 15153: 15128: 14962: 14947: 14937: 14650: 14450: 14444: 14428: 14349: 14339: 14287: 14265: 14215: 14174: 13917: 13829: 13700: 13685: 13680: 13670: 13660: 13246: 13206: 13008: 12952: 12771: 12726: 12658: 12614: 12592: 12587: 12421: 12374: 12344: 12338: 12123: 12116: 11999: 11882: 11809: 11757: 11729: 11677: 11600: 11368: 11274: 10566: 10551: 10541: 10298: 10256: 9826: 9699: 9646: 9393: 9256: 9218: 9186: 9052: 8869: 8829: 8383: 7946: 7621: 7463: 7137: 6974:- A self-directed virtual tour of St. Peter's Basilica and other Roman churches 4371: 3994: 3990: 3864: 3562: 3542: 3110: 3106: 2972: 2884: 2152: 1970: 1779: 1767: 1686: 1646: 1638: 1629: 1602: 1601:

By the end of the 15th century, having been neglected during the period of the

1504: 1452: 1418: 1405:

that one of his twelve disciples, Simon known as Saint Peter, a fisherman from

1299: 1275: 1232: 1216: 1212: 1094: 1074: 970: 729: 643: 600: 498: 380: 255: 114: 10657: 6580:. Vol. 2 (12th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. pp. 499–500, 571–575. 5864:

Galassi Alghisii Carpens., apud Alphonsum II. Ferrariae Ducem architecti, opus

3286:, Cardinal Bishop of Frascati, are buried here, having been granted asylum by 2806: 2523:

c. 1440 for the old basilica and somewhat enlarged to fit the new space.

2284: 2139:

of Florence Cathedral, and therefore exerting less outward thrust than does a

16203: 16002: 15915: 15910: 15890: 15855: 15704: 15524: 15499: 15430: 15183: 15138: 14932: 14752: 14548: 14233: 14200: 14067: 14028: 13937: 13927: 13804: 13779: 13757: 13710: 13477: 12957: 12599: 12562: 12511: 12508: 11627: 11038:

Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector

10536: 10351: 10017: 10007: 9496: 9408: 9373: 8999: 8914: 8874: 8849: 8707: 8604: 8588: 8362: 8309: 8281: 7479: 7365: 7015: 6758: 6539: 5620: 5340: 4336: 3759: 3672: 3390: 2980: 2967:

which was centrally placed, (with some contrivance) to Maderno's facade. The

2919: 2428: 2317: 2160: 1943: 1935: 1746: 1682: 1654: 1517: 1459:

and is revered as a "witness" to Peter's death. It is one of several ancient

1437: 1307: 1126: 1086: 1070: 1014: 938: 686: 670: 345: 341: 171: 158: 6418: 6344: 6332: 5225: 4008: 804:

of the pope as bishop of Rome is at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran.

16109: 16046: 15987: 15967: 15933: 15920: 15895: 15584: 15395: 15223: 15218: 15168: 15098: 14967: 14656: 14643: 14360: 13989: 13834: 13799: 13789: 13784: 13747: 13675: 13354: 13256: 12718: 12653: 12619: 12535: 12518: 12166: 12076: 12043: 11991: 11790: 11713: 11646: 11613: 11586: 11318: 10571: 10012: 9691: 9621: 9203: 9144: 9103: 9047: 8788: 7304: 7080: 6798: 6717: 5301: 5112: 4593: 4276: 4168: 4013: 3972: 3950:

The bronze statue of Saint Peter holding the keys of heaven, attributed to

3874: 3703: 3668: 3538: 3534: 3493: 3122: 3041: 2882:

Bernini then turned his attention to another precious relic, the so-called

2710:

The apse with St. Peter's Cathedral supported by four Doctors of the Church

2559:

who flutter against the first piers of the nave, carrying between them two

2477: 2224: 1989:

church, completed in 537. It was to the domes of the Pantheon and Florence

1986: 1974: 1899: 1783: 1670: 1666: 1633: 1500: 1483: 1471: 1467: 1443:. His execution was one of the many martyrdoms of Christians following the 1413:. The name Peter is "Petrus" in Latin and "Petros" in Greek, deriving from 1410: 1255: 1236: 1154: 1130: 1102: 994: 986: 706: 666: 624: 274: 216: 191: 5590:(First ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998. pp. 276–282. 4955: 4412:

Interior length including vestibule: 693.8 feet (211.5 m), more than

3445:

On the first piers of the nave are two Holy Water basins held by pairs of

1812:, who both died in 1515 (Bramante himself having died the previous year). 15425: 15264: 15053: 14415: 14301: 14195: 14010: 14003: 13943: 13572: 12791: 12680: 12531: 12386: 12273: 12193: 12128: 12111: 12071: 11877: 10688: 9774: 9717: 7372: 7358: 7351: 7297: 5521:

excavation has revealed that the tomb of the apostle was wantonly smashed

3836: 3771: 3763: 3500:

army. This has now been moved to the back (eastern) end of the grottoes.

3405:

Recently installed commemorative plaques read above the door as follows:

3303: 3247: 3065: 3037: 2993: 2976: 2871: 2632: 2432: 2398: 2374: 2346: 2342: 2333:, a group drawn from various nationalities and generally despised by the 2304:

was lowered to the ground. The timbers were salvaged for the roof of the

2293: 2220: 2156: 1994: 1953: 1916: 1908: 1775: 1738: 1730: 1706: 1702: 1674: 1623: 1582: 1488: 1398: 1335: 1106: 1062: 1054: 1046: 1022: 934: 915: 911: 717: 710: 267: 11092:

College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata

10289: 9072: 6445:

Finch, Margaret (1991). "The Cantharus and Pigna at Old Saint Peter's".

5005:"St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican Is Not The Official Church Of The Pope" 3985: 658:

began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.

15544: 15454: 14322: 13996: 13961: 13555: 12753: 12156: 12031: 11935: 11923: 11897: 11795: 10854: 8670:(gates of the Blessed Sacrament Chapel and possibly parts of baldachin) 7581: 6766: 6410: 4499: 4002: 3546: 3530: 2907: 2838: 2830: 2560: 2394: 2232: 2228: 2200: 1791: 1642: 962: 919: 842: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 741: 628: 493: 228: 11035:

Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion

8474: 6547: 6466: 6381: 6324: 6259:(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 5 February 2005. 6204:(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 31 October 2006. 6076: 4485:

Weight of obelisk: 360.2 short tons (326,800 kg; 720,400 lb)

3754:

The first chapel in the south aisle is the baptistry, commissioned by

3702:

supported by two kneeling angels and with behind it a painting of the

3694:

which contains the tabernacle by Bernini (1664) resembling Bramante's

2959:). The present arrangement, constructed between 1656 and 1667, is the 2127:

The dome was brought to completion by Giacomo della Porta and Fontana.

2106: 2013:

depicting Bramante's design, including the four flanking smaller domes

1242: 15794: 15569: 15539: 14354: 14089: 13695: 13461: 13276: 12924: 12823: 12305: 12140: 12081: 11950: 10743: 9749: 8973: 8909: 8904: 8783: 8524:(restoration, 1638–1639; decoration of the Trinity Chapel, 1628–1639) 7819: 5164: 4618: 3906: 3905:, its head hidden beneath the shroud, but its right hand carrying an 3519: 3021: 2915: 2903: 2860: 2842: 2837:, with the miraculous image of the face of Christ, a fragment of the 2788: 2780: 2776: 2736: 2671: 2573: 2330: 2179:

around the spire at the top of the lantern, as proposed by Sangallo.

2058: 2038: 2022: 1619: 1574: 1433: 1355: 1287: 1259: 1164: 946: 926: 907: 891: 870: 694: 557: 289: 210: 16190: 13615: 11041:

Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy

6750: 6402: 6175:(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 24 April 2002. 4470:

The ball and cross: 8 and 16 feet (2.4 and 4.9 m), respectively

1778:

with a dome inspired by that of the huge circular Roman temple, the

1593:

has been used for its predecessor to distinguish the two buildings.

1558:

Old St. Peter's Basilica was the fourth-century church begun by the

817: 134: 16068: 15977: 15269: 14294: 14169: 13599: 12707: 12497: 12450: 12416: 12391: 12096: 11746: 11664: 11595: 11578: 11514: 10836: 10692: 10641: 10246: 10179: 10062: 9128: 8733: 7899: 6954: 6531: 6458: 6373: 6316: 5828:

De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991).

5795:

De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991).

4443:

Internal area: 163,182.2 square feet (3.75 acres; 15,160.12 m)

3860: 3741: 3497: 3394: 3307: 3251: 3109:. They range from the smallest which is 260 kg to the massive 3008: 2683: 2588: 2552: 2520: 2357: 2216: 2132: 2018: 1566: 1508: 1319: 982: 978: 800: 655: 305: 8530:(ground break, 1638; dedication, 1646; works continued afterwards) 8061: 2686:, which replicates many aspects of St Peter's on a smaller scale. 1436:

there along with Paul on 13 October 64 AD during the reign of the

15254: 12101: 12061: 8793: 8324:(original project by Francesco Capriani; completion in 1604–1609) 3889: 3767: 3554: 3353:

At each end of the narthex is an equestrian figure, to the north

3267: 2989: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2899: 2826: 2795:

had a special significance as they were modelled on those of the

2732: 2569: 2509: 2491: 2414: 2313: 2249: 1939: 1934:

As it stands today, St. Peter's has been extended with a nave by

1813: 1798: 1559: 1406: 1381: 1138: 969:, the larger Choir Chapel, the altar of the Transfiguration, the 942: 756: 716:

Catholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of

631: 476: 373: 8250: 6863:

Basilica: the Splendor and the Scandal – Building of St. Peter's

2979:

of Saint Peter. Its removal to its present location by order of

2975:

in 37 AD, where it is thought to have stood witness to the

1215:(previously styled "patriarchal basilicas") and one of the four 882:

and the Basilica. The iconic dome dominates the skyline of Rome.

15279: 12912: 11859: 8798: 7979:

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects

7049: 4449:

Façade: 167 feet (51 m) high by 375 feet (114 m) wide

4446:

Height from pavement to top of cross: 448.1 feet (136.6 m)

4398: 3810: 3489: 3446: 3347: 2744: 2644: 2636: 2628: 2577: 2565: 2556: 2516: 2418: 2402: 2370: 2362: 2353: 2309: 2176: 2140: 1948: 1850: 1448: 1141:. At the heart of the basilica, beneath the high altar, is the 1002: 786:, amongst the four churches in the world that hold the rank of 16092: 4885:"St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy" 4479:

The colonnades have 284 columns, 88 pilasters, and 140 statues

2490:

Behind the façade of St. Peter's stretches a long portico or "

902:

dominates the skyline of Rome. The basilica is approached via

16115: 15674: 12091: 12066: 11736: 11672: 11412:

Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church

10911:

Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff

8110: 6303:(1968). "The Constantinian Basilica of Saint Peter at Rome". 5976:

The Renaissance in Italy: Architecture • Sculpture • Frescoes

4622: 3902: 3898: 3732:

At the end of the aisle is an altar containing the relics of

3515: 3322: 3061: 3017: 2652: 2444: 2409:(except Saint Peter, whose statue is left of the stairs) and 2334: 1990: 1512: 1267: 887: 875: 721: 13305:

Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples

9264: 6122:

corrections of Miranda for the period before 1190 until 1254

5827: 5794: 4458:

The circumference of the central piers: 240 feet (73 m)

4455:

The internal columns and pilasters: 92 feet (28 m) tall

3675:. The space below the altar used to be the resting place of 3507:("Niche of Stoles") which contains a bronze urn, donated by 3389:

by the Pope. The present door is bronze and was designed by

2743:), the Chapel of the Sacrament, the plan for the niches and 2288:

Michelangelo's plan extended with Maderno's nave and narthex

13187: 12715: 12515: 12466: 12086: 11668: 11645: 11610: 11561: 9688: 9140: 8199: 8189: 8150: 8140: 8130: 6709:

Saint Peter's – the story of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome

5328:

Outline of St. Peter's, Old St. Peter's, and Circus of Nero

4397:

Cost of construction of the basilica: more than 46,800,052

4391:

are seen in St. Peter's Basilica at certain times each day.

3683:

on 8 April 2011. This was done to make way for the body of

3660:, who abdicated in 1654 in order to convert to Catholicism. 3469:

Set against the north east pier of the dome is a statue of

3259: 2535:

Maderno's nave, looking towards the chancel, as painted by

2136: 2030: 1919:

with the transepts of identical form to the chancel, as at

1609:(1447–1455). He commissioned work on the old building from 1570: 1440: 1279: 930: 899: 768: 733: 677:, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian 635: 444: 138: 6233:(Press release). Holy See Press Office. 20 February 2021. 5240: 4652:

The dome of Florence Cathedral is depicted in a fresco at

4425:

Length of the transepts in interior: 451 feet (137 m)

4366:

Comastri was named Coadjutor Archpriest on 5 February 2005

3687:. His remains were placed beneath the altar on 2 May 2011. 3003:

One of the two fountains which form the axis of the piazza

1804:

When Pope Julius died in 1513, Bramante was replaced with

1326:

and used by many popes, symbolizes the continuing line of

1302:

of Rome. This honour is held by the Pope's cathedral, the

11530: 9821: 8202:(original design c. 1501; demolished in the 17th century) 5920: 5783:

Michelangelo and the architecture of St. Peter's Basilica

5271: 3909:

stretched upward towards the kneeling figure of the pope.

3649:

In the first chapel of the north aisle is Michelangelo's

650:, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor 638:, Italy. It was initially planned in the 15th century by 13422:

House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul

4557:

List of tallest structures built before the 20th century

3656:

On the first pier in the right aisle is the monument of

1829:. Peruzzi died in 1536 without his plan being realized. 792:, all four of which are in Rome, and is also one of the 11594: 6578:

Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective

4754:"Take Amazing 360° Tour of St. Peter's in Vatican City" 2783:

and emphasizing the significance of this ritual. These

2239:

precaution, as Brunelleschi did at Florence Cathedral.

2000: 1749:, whose salesmanship provoked a scandal and led to the 906:, a forecourt in two sections, both surrounded by tall 11402:

Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters

10995:

Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia

6686:. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 5951: 5707: 5705: 5135:"St. Peter's Basilica – Interior of the Basilica" 4437:

Internal height of nave: 151.5 feet (46.2 m) high

3770:, and is surmounted with a gilt-bronze figure of the " 2765:

Bernini's first work at St. Peter's was to design the

2264:

S. PETRI GLORIAE SIXTVS PP. V. A. M. D. XC. PONTIF. V.

2235:

and the other containing medallions of the Holy Lamb.

2061:

and surmounted by a spire of conic form. According to

1820:

In 1520 Raphael also died, aged 37, and his successor

16300:

17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy

16057: 6950:"Virtual Reality Tour of the Basilica of Saint Peter" 6812:(second ed.). London: Laurence King Publishing. 5535:"The Eschatological Dimension of Church Architecture" 3473:, sometimes attributed to late 13th-century sculptor 3325:, is the recently discovered vaulted fourth-century " 1960: 1401:

of Jesus, it is recorded in the Biblical book of the

13315:

Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches

10881:

Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

10225: 6961:

360 Degree Photographs Inside Saint Peter's Basilica

6639: 6572: 5764: 5752: 5651: 3922:

The Holy Door is opened only for great celebrations.

13490: 13372: 10772:

Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments

10706: 9524:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici

8159:(original project attributed, ground breaking 1508) 6047:"The Seminarian GuidesNorth American College, Rome" 5702: 5469: 5341:"Jerome, De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men)" 2735:period. Bernini's works at St. Peter's include the 2594: 2107:

Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585

1037:. The Monuments, in a clockwise direction, are to: 11078:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors 6596: 6362:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 6305:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 5829: 5796: 4434:Internal width at transepts: 451 feet (137 m) 3302:, who abdicated her throne in order to convert to 3083:View of Rome from the Dome of St. Peter's Basilica 2861:Cathedra Petri and Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament 2270: 11840:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province 11200:Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon 6640:Hintzen-Bohlen, Brigitte; Sorges, Jürgen (2001). 6625:(6th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. 6077:"Essay of a General List of Cardinals (494-2022)" 5860: 3488:(see above) contained a large kneeling statue by 2723:(1598–1680) visited St. Peter's with the painter 1291:finished in 1615. At length, on 18 November 1626 16201: 11334: 11125:Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews 10792:Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life 8566:(project and direction, 1653–1667; continued by 7865:Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment 7846: 6576:; Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2005). 5861:Alghisi, Galasso; Thebaldius, Dominicus (1563). 5308: 4461:Outer diameter of dome: 137.7 feet (42.0 m) 1005:, the altar of St. Petronilla, the altar of the 709:world", and as "the greatest of all churches of 11137:Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims 10966:Supervisory and Financial Information Authority 10687: 4656:that pre-dates its building by about 100 years. 4596:'s theological act of renouncing the title of " 4403:Geographic orientation: chancel west, nave east 3766:which had once held the remains of the Emperor 3329:". (See below for some descriptions of tombs). 3095:coat of arms for the city-state of Vatican City 2833:, said to have pierced the side of Christ, the 2690:has seen free adaptations of St Peter's in the 2119:showing the dome rising behind Maderno's façade 1491:, many Christians chose to be buried near him. 985:with altars to the Crucifixion of Saint Peter, 11459:Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People 11377:Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics 10242:Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome 8153:(original design, 1503, ground breaking, 1506) 5991:"St Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro)" 5497:. University of California Press. p. 57. 5249:The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History 4502:of St. Peter's Basilica at sundown (view from 2714: 2279: 1894: 1348:largest Christian church building in the world 1167:, or canopy over the Papal Altar, designed by 13631: 13473:Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide 12482: 11546: 10673: 10211: 9088: 8749: 8490: 8266: 8077: 7065: 5982: 5881: 5879: 5490: 4617:and destruction of the temple by the emperor 4581:Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro 4512:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 4431:Width at the tribune: 78.7 feet (24.0 m) 3797:, known as the "Old Pretender" and his sons, 2696:Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro 1724: 685:by interior measure. While it is neither the 91: 11432:Pontifical Council for Social Communications 11148:Pontifical Work for Ecclesiastical Vocations 10959:Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology 6594: 6494:(6th, enlarged ed.). London: Batsford. 5724: 5567: 4781: 4779: 3993:in Saint Peter's Basilica two days before a 3846:The large chapel off the south aisle is the 3031:Evening aerial view of the piazza and facade 2947:St. Peter's Basilica and the piazza at night 1370: 585:Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican 82:Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican 15730:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria 12901:Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe 6968:: Vatican ‒ Satellite image of the Basilica 6425: 6231:"Resignations and Appointments, 20.02.2021" 6225: 6223: 5836:(9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 5803:(9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 5777: 5775: 5773: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4297:(12 December 1881 – 16 September 1892) 3789:Against the first pier of the aisle is the 3690:The large chapel on the right aisle is the 1735:Albrecht, Archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg 1527: 701:(these equivalent titles being held by the 106: 23: 15881: 15615:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum 13638: 13624: 12489: 12475: 11553: 11539: 11464:Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers 11282:Prelate Secretary of the Vicariate of Rome 11279:Auxiliary Bishops of the Vicariate of Rome 10680: 10666: 10218: 10204: 9095: 9081: 8756: 8742: 8497: 8483: 8273: 8259: 8084: 8070: 8006:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes 7072: 7058: 6783:(7th ed.). Baltimore: Penguin Books. 6702: 6342: 5978:. New York: The Viking Press. p. 279. 5957: 5876: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5475: 5420: 5223: 5104: 4871: 4840: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4808: 3869:The south transept contains the altars of 24: 9551:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri 9102: 7647:The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 6739:Perspecta: The Yale Architectural Journal 6736: 6299: 5139:Internet Portal of the Vatican City State 5053:"St. Peter's Square – Statue of St. Paul" 4776: 4315:(12 January 1914 – 26 February 1930) 3980: 3457:and sculptor Francesco Moderati, (1720s). 2754: 1254:It is the most prominent building in the 981:Entrance, the Altar of the Lie, the left 858:Learn how and when to remove this message 593:Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano 15780:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum 14698:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 13230:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 11781:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 11271:Vicar General for the Vatican City State 10727:Secretary for Pontifical Representations 10280:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 8619:(worked in the 1650s; co-autorship with 6677: 6484: 6220: 6196: 6194: 6167: 6165: 6143:. Vol. LXXXIII. 1991. p. 631. 6105: 5770: 5712: 5696: 5683: 5635: 5633: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 4991: 4913: 4858: 4676:, ⑩ James the Younger, ⑪ Bartholomew, ⑫ 4494: 4383: 4213:Giovanni Evangelista Palotta (1589–1620) 4007: 3984: 3801:, known as "Bonnie Prince Charlie", and 3378:, was designed by 20th-century sculptor 3246: 3078: 3026: 2998: 2942: 2870: 2805: 2705: 2701: 2607:. Within Rome, the huge domed church of 2530: 2476: 2384: 2283: 2260:Beneath the lantern is the inscription: 2122: 2110: 2004: 1539: 1531: 1380: 1358:, and it continues to hold the title of 1241: 1021:, the altar of St. Jerome, the altar of 941:in the world. The entrance is through a 869: 782:St. Peter's is ranked second, after the 32:This is an accepted version of this page 16265:1626 establishments in the Papal States 11825:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church 11820:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles 11275:Vicar General for the Vicariate of Rome 11103:Pontifical Commission for Latin America 8682:(Filomarino Family Chapel design, 1646) 8504: 6773: 6510: 6391:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 6388: 5729: 5570:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5247:Ellis, Edward Robb (21 December 2004). 4805: 4339:(14 August 1961 – 8 February 1983) 4309:(21 March 1894 – 16 December 1913) 3321:, on 5 January 2023. Beneath, near the 3117:dates from 1288 and the bourdon called 1270:and, according to tradition, the first 14: 16202: 15715:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia 14703:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican 11407:Special Administration of the Holy See 11114:Pontifical Work for Priestly Vocations 8613:(remodelling, 1646, façade and loggia) 8165:(original project attributed, c. 1509) 7825:Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri 6859: 6282: 6275: 6130: 6128: 6081:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church 5973: 5927:from the original on 26 September 2022 5663: 5077: 5059:from the original on 26 September 2022 5002: 4532:Index of Vatican City-related articles 4428:Width of nave: 90.2 feet (27.5 m) 4333:(14 November 1959 – 30 July 1961) 4327:(14 March 1939 – 2 November 1959) 4291:(10 July 1872 – 30 November 1881) 2676:Immaculate Heart of Mary in Pittsburgh 2485: 1310:of all churches in communion with the 1017:, Saints Processo and Martiniano, and 16290:Gian Lorenzo Bernini church buildings 14983:Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio 13645: 13619: 12967: 12470: 11534: 10661: 10587:Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio 10199: 9076: 8737: 8478: 8254: 8065: 7845: 7746: 7541: 7112: 7053: 6880: 6838: 6826:from the original on 22 February 2024 6617: 6444: 6359: 6191: 6162: 5639: 5630: 5607: 5532: 5511:from the original on 22 February 2024 5314: 5292:from the original on 22 February 2024 5246: 5175:from the original on 25 December 2017 5027: 5015:from the original on 15 February 2019 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4928:from the original on 3 September 2023 4895:from the original on 23 February 2015 4850: 4848: 4467:The lantern: 63 feet (19 m) high 4363:(31 October 2006 – 20 February 2021) 4279:(11 March 1843 – 7 October 1870) 4273:(1 July 1837 – 24 February 1843) 3496:, who was captured and mistreated by 3399:Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry 3337: 3313:, supporter of the Papacy during the 3254:for the crypt in St. Peter's Basilica 2932: 1737:, who had to clear debts owed to the 1573:, giving the building the shape of a 611: 64:St. Peter's Basilica (disambiguation) 16122: 15390:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy 14738:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana 11083:International Theological Commission 11067:International Council for Catechesis 11010:International Eucharistic Congresses 10337:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana 9986: 8763: 8157:Santa Maria della Consolazione, Todi 7429:Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours 6805: 6658: 6520:Journal of Interdisciplinary History 6355:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 5945: 5939: 5785:, lecture, Sydney University, (1982) 5588:Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide 5447:"University of Alberta Express News" 5363: 5236:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4621:'s general (and the future emperor) 4522:History of early modern period domes 4345:(8 February 1983 – 1 July 1991) 4303:(6 October 1892 – 9 March 1894) 4141:Pedro Fernandez de Frias (1412–1420) 3744:(Giovanni Francesco Barbieri), 1623. 3547:spear that pierced the side of Jesus 3484:The sunken Confessio leading to the 3449:each 2 metres high, commissioned by 3204:Campanoncino (Mezzana, Benedittina) 2857:is the work of Bernini. (See below) 2810:The altar with Bernini's baldacchino 2001:Bramante and Sangallo, 1506 and 1513 1790:designed for Brunelleschi's dome by 1334:and enlightened symbolically by the 1013:, the right transept with altars of 840:adding citations to reliable sources 811: 751:St. Peter's is famous as a place of 16245:Tourist attractions in Vatican City 15406:Column of the Immaculate Conception 15335:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere 13505:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi 11845:Sovereign of the Vatican City State 11354:Congregation for Catholic Education 10921:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church 10888:Commission for Confidential Matters 8336:(direction of the works, 1602–1620) 8312:(reconstruction project, 1595–1603) 8091: 6845:. San Francisco: Harper & Row. 6780:An Outline of European Architecture 6690:from the original on 26 August 2021 6498:from the original on 1 January 2024 6202:"Rinunce e Nomine, 31 October 2006" 6125: 6087:from the original on 15 August 2021 5917:"Rare Michelangelo sketch for sale" 5873:pp. 44, 147 of Google PDF download. 5561: 5444: 5085:. Companion Guides. pp. 615–6. 4573: 4562:List of tourist attractions in Rome 4406:Total length: 730 feet (220 m) 4321:(25 March 1930 – 2 March 1939) 4285:(8 October 1870 – 7 July 1872) 4123:Hugues de Saint-Martial (1374–1378) 3975:, 1498–1499, is in the north aisle. 3835:Against the piers are the tombs of 3357:by Bernini (1670) and to the south 3240:For a more comprehensive list, see 3235: 2951:To the east of the basilica is the 2451: 2380: 1761: 1286:, holds that his tomb is below the 1211:St. Peter's Basilica is one of the 1001:, the altar of Saint Peter raising 744:of the basilica, also known as the 141:of St. Peter's Basilica, seen from 56: 15735:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome 14688:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 13510:Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua 13220:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 11766:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 11743:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 11417:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei 11056:Councils, commissions, and offices 10939:Labour Office of the Apostolic See 10432:S. Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana 10265:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 8652:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 8540:Santa Maria dei Sette Dolori, Rome 6901:. 28 October 2010 . Archived from 6724:from the original on 20 April 2015 6623:History of Italian Renaissance Art 5887:"Michelangelo 'last sketch' found" 5871:from the original on 3 April 2023. 5765:Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005 5753:Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005 5652:Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005 5217: 4970: 4845: 4789:(in Italian). Vatican City State. 4666:Another view of the façade statues 4409:Total width: 500 feet (150 m) 3679:but his remains were moved to the 3567:veil with the image of Jesus' face 3274:. Exiled Catholic British royalty 2906:representing the Latin Church and 2680:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral 2417:on the 1 metre (3.3 ft) tall 1961:Dome: successive and final designs 1596: 1475:Almost three hundred years later, 784:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 703:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 57: 16311: 15685:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica 15650:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna 14126:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 13288:Pontifical North American College 12850:Section for Relations with States 11437:Pontifical Council for the Family 11364:Congregation of the Vatican Press 10906:Prefecture of the Papal Household 10723:Section for Relations with States 9832:Postage stamps and postal history 8300:(co-autorship, late 16th-century) 8280: 7640:Separation of Light from Darkness 6931: 6680:"Chapter III: Christian Churches" 6603:(6th ed.). Oxford: Phaidon. 6557:from the original on 27 July 2020 5988: 5897:from the original on 20 June 2017 5351:from the original on 17 July 2019 5224:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 5095:Ralph Waldo Emerson, 7 April 1833 4793:from the original on 19 July 2020 4552:List of tallest buildings in Rome 4379: 4357:(24 April 2002 – 31 October 2006) 4117:Guillaume de La Jugie (1362–1365) 3820:The second chapel is that of the 2747:in the piers of the dome and the 2664:St. Mary of the Angels in Chicago 2526: 1977:, 43.3 metres (142 ft), and 1770:, Florence. It was the design of 1417:which means "stone" or "rock" in 1295:solemnly dedicated the Basilica. 613:[baˈziːlikadisamˈpjɛːtro] 16275:Donato Bramante church buildings 16235:Renaissance architecture in Rome 16182: 16165: 16148: 16131: 16103: 16091: 16079: 16067: 15750:Museum of the Liberation of Rome 15695:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio 15645:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica 15635:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna 14096:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina 13598: 13586: 12982:Extraordinary general assemblies 12449: 12437: 11513: 11501: 11442:Pontifical Council for the Laity 11359:Sacred Congregation of the Index 10640: 10288: 10178: 10166: 9973:Philatelic and Numismatic Office 8340:Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome 8012:The Titan: Story of Michelangelo 7747: 7079: 6885:, vol. 15, pp. 117–139 6349:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 6263:from the original on 7 June 2023 6237:from the original on 9 June 2023 6208:from the original on 7 June 2023 6179:from the original on 8 June 2023 6150:from the original on 16 May 2023 6057:from the original on 3 July 2017 6027:from the original on 5 July 2017 5997:from the original on 11 May 2021 5549:from the original on 9 July 2017 4547:List of Roman Catholic basilicas 4267:(6 May 1820 – 18 June 1837) 4064:Giovanni da Sutri (1176/78–1180) 3958: 3943: 3927: 3915: 3850:which contains the altar of the 3667:, contains the statues of popes 3663:The second chapel, dedicated to 3627: 3611: 3595: 3579: 3317:. The most recent interment was 3272:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina 2595:Influence on church architecture 2496:equestrian statue of Charlemagne 2401:surmounted by thirteen statues: 2341:which increasingly associated a 2094: 2082: 2070: 1882: 1870: 1858: 1587:the tomb was "smashed" in 846 AD 1479:was constructed over this site. 1304:Archbasilica of St. John Lateran 1187: 816: 127: 15755:National Museum of Oriental Art 15655:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum 15084:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari 15069:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI 13450:Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo 13350:Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo 13330:Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary 13129:Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno 8895:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 8348:(possible collaboration, 1620s) 8123:(1492–1498) (cloister and apse) 8121:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan 6343:Baumgarten, Paul Maria (1913). 6292: 6249: 6099: 6069: 6039: 6009: 5967: 5909: 5854: 5821: 5788: 5757: 5718: 5689: 5676: 5657: 5644: 5613: 5601: 5580: 5526: 5484: 5480:, US: Clark Baxter, p. 671 5438: 5425: 5333: 5320: 5265: 5187: 5157: 5127: 5098: 5089: 5071: 5045: 4996: 4921:Guide to Saint Peter's Basilica 4726: 4710: 4701: 4659: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4607: 4587: 4542:List of oldest church buildings 3692:Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament 3097:since 1931 held by two angels. 2345:plan with paganism and saw the 2271:Discovery of Michelangelo draft 1834:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 1756: 1352:second tallest building in Rome 827:needs additional citations for 15775:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum 14570:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas 13139:Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo 11850:Servant of the servants of God 11422:Pontifical Council for Culture 11088:Pontifical Biblical Commission 9361:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena 9157:Vicar General for Vatican City 8633:(1644–1667; co-autorship with 8601:(expansion commissioned, 1628) 8528:San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 8306:(façade and other works, 1600) 8169:Basilica of San Magno, Legnano 7718:The Crucifixion of Saint Peter 7113: 6257:"Rinunce e Nomine, 05.02.2005" 6173:"Rinunce e Nomine, 24.04.2002" 5832:Gardner's Art Through the Ages 5799:Gardner's Art Through the Ages 5272:Fodor's Travel Guides (2014). 4940: 4907: 4877: 4864: 4760:. 19 July 2015. Archived from 4746: 4683:"Unofficial architecture site" 4126:Philippe d'Alençon (1378–1397) 4090:Riccardo Annibaldi (1254–1276) 3934:The tomb of Alexander VII, by 3824:and contains the memorials of 3748: 3643: 2692:Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń 2147:continued under his assistant 795:Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome 673:, with piazza and fittings by 654:. Construction of the present 318:Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane 13: 1: 16280:Michelangelo church buildings 13402:Pontifical Oriental Institute 10885:Office of the Auditor General 9318:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 9214:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi 8978: 8941: 8686:Santa Maria alla Porta, Milan 8660:(possible collaboration with 8107:Santa Maria presso San Satiro 7542: 7125: 6595:Goldscheider, Ludwig (1996). 6346:"Basilica of St. Peter" 5476:Cunningham, Lawrence (2010), 5451:In search of St. Peter's Tomb 5227:"Basilica of St. Peter" 5105:Williamson, Benedict (1929). 4787:"St. Peter's Basilica - Dome" 4739: 4717: 4351:(1 July 1991 – 24 April 2002) 4198:Franciotto Orsini (1520–1530) 4129:Cristoforo Maroni (1397–1404) 4081:Guido Pierleoni (1206/7–1228) 4068: 4052: 4035: 3791:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 2875:Bernini's Cathedra Petri and 2210: 1455:. The obelisk now stands in 16240:Baroque architecture in Rome 15740:Museum of Roman Civilization 15670:Keats–Shelley Memorial House 15149:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne 14693:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 13225:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 12496: 11873:Coat of arms of the Holy See 11776:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 11167:Press Office of the Holy See 10977:Interdicasterial commissions 10275:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 9612:Santo Stefano degli Abissini 8654:(renovation of the interior) 8434:San Giacomo degli Incurabili 8330:(façade and nave, 1602–1615) 7879:Studies for the Libyan Sibyl 7847:Works on paper, milieu, etc. 7561:The Torment of Saint Anthony 6809:A History of Interior Design 5668:. New York: Reynal and Co., 5666:The Complete Work of Raphael 5251:. Basic Books. p. 413. 5169:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 4374:(20 February 2021 – present) 4307:Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro 4217:Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese 3805:, a cardinal. The tomb is a 3681:Altar of the Transfiguration 3230: 3056:after the conclusion of the 2413:. The inscription below the 2320:in 1602. He was a nephew of 1482:The area now covered by the 1105:, St Peter (Bronze Statue), 929:in shape, with an elongated 7: 16225:Church buildings with domes 16220:Coronation church buildings 15832:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus 15710:Museo di Roma in Trastevere 15680:Museo Archeologico Ostiense 15416:Hospital of the Holy Spirit 14988:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura 14595:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker 14565:Catacombs of San Sebastiano 13407:Pontifical Lombard Seminary 13283:Pontifical Urban University 12977:Ordinary general assemblies 12724:Cardinal Secretary of State 12375:Pontifical colleges in Rome 11369:Sacred Congregation of the 10876:Secretariat for the Economy 10719:Section for General Affairs 10592:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura 10001:Vatican Information Service 9841:Secretariat for the Economy 9697:Cardinal Secretary of State 9439:Modern and Contemporary Art 8674:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini 8334:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini 7985:Michelangelo and the Medici 7815:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini 6899:National Geographic Society 6842:The Pilgrim's Guide to Rome 6712:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 6663:. New York: Paulist Press. 6511:Frommel, Christoph (1986). 6426:Dzyubanskyy, Taras (2010). 5539:Sacred Architecture Journal 5141:. p. 2. Archived from 5083:The Companion Guide to Rome 5055:. saintpetersbasilica.org. 5003:Noreen (19 November 2012). 4914:Giuliani, Giovanni (1995). 4490: 4283:Niccola Paracciani Clarelli 4174:Richard Olivier (1464–1470) 4106:Napoleone Orsini Frangipani 3738:The Burial of St Petronilla 3717:are the monuments of popes 3518:is surmounted by Bernini's 3332: 3296:James Francis Edward Stuart 3276:James Francis Edward Stuart 2715:Pope Urban VIII and Bernini 2647:, Czech Republic), and the 2292:On 18 February 1606, under 2280:Addition of nave and facade 2205:architecture of the Baroque 1895:Michelangelo's contribution 1520:announced the discovery of 1163:. The central feature is a 807: 683:largest church in the world 10: 16316: 16250:Churches completed in 1626 15973:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi 15059:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi 14833:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini 14828:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina 14101:Temple of Apollo Palatinus 13500:Basilica of the Holy House 13124:Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino 12532:Sovereignty and government 12456:Catholic Church portal 11690:properties of the Holy See 11560: 11349:Congregation of Ceremonies 11003:Commissions and committees 10992:Candidates to Sacred Order 10944:Vatican Apostolic Archives 10817:Integral Human Development 10437:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini 10427:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina 10131:Amateur Sports Association 9575:San Pellegrino in Vaticano 9502:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri 9043:Johann Joachim Winckelmann 9033:Art patronage of Julius II 8631:Palazzo di Propaganda Fide 7968:Art patronage of Julius II 7893:Pietà for Vittoria Colonna 7038:136.6 metres (448 ft) 7009:136.6 metres (448 ft) 6978:Confessio by Carlo Maderno 6678:Lanciani, Rodolfo (1892). 6017:"St. Peter's, the Obelisk" 5974:Decker, Heinrich (1969) . 5670:William Morrow and Company 4537:List of basilicas in Italy 4301:Francesco Ricci Paracciani 4120:Rinaldo Orsini (1366–1374) 3879:Crucifixion of Saint Peter 3822:Presentation of the Virgin 3242:List of extant papal tombs 3239: 2936: 2864: 2758: 2739:(baldaquin, from Italian: 2167:who was to be assisted by 2115:St. Peter's Basilica from 1725:Financing with indulgences 1551: 1544:A conjectural view of the 1374: 1365: 1278:, rendering him the first 1262:, who was the head of the 1229:St. Paul outside the Walls 967:Presentation of the Virgin 511:UNESCO World Heritage Site 439:136.6 metres (448 ft) 393:18 November 1626 61: 16039: 16011: 15951: 15929: 15874: 15793: 15765:Palazzo delle Esposizioni 15603: 15553: 15439: 15378: 15232: 15194:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli 15094:Palazzo della Cancelleria 15046: 15026: 14676: 14635: 14540: 14517: 14492:Column of Marcus Aurelius 14479: 14397: 14332: 14272:Basilica of Junius Bassus 14250: 14188: 14116:Temple of Hercules Victor 14106:Temple of Apollo Sosianus 14081: 14045: 14020: 13953: 13933:Arch of Septimius Severus 13900: 13889: 13855: 13653: 13581: 13526: 13457:Gardens of the Villa Cybo 13440: 13310:Palace of the Holy Office 13300:Palazzo della Cancelleria 13272:Palace of Saint Callixtus 13242: 13205: 13195: 13184: 13165: 13094: 13071: 13023: 12995: 12939: 12834: 12782: 12752: 12706: 12679: 12553: 12541:Sovereign judicial entity 12504: 12432: 12331: 12249: 12175: 12149: 12052: 11959: 11906: 11858: 11789: 11756: 11706: 11585: 11568: 11496: 11469:Evangelization of Peoples 11397:Office of Papal Charities 11289: 11262: 11177: 11055: 11048: 11002: 10976: 10949:Vatican Apostolic Library 10931: 10898: 10891:Committee for Investments 10863: 10835: 10742: 10715: 10699: 10630: 10297: 10286: 10255: 10237: 10161: 10123: 10093: 10075: 10023:Vatican Television Center 9895: 9886: 9854: 9802: 9793: 9760: 9708: 9681: 9643: 9634: 9541:Mater Ecclesiae Monastery 9419: 9330: 9255: 9251: 9242: 9165: 9114: 9025: 8928: 8812: 8771: 8695: 8644: 8637:, involved in 1620s–1644) 8617:Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome 8577: 8512: 8421: 8400:; involvement, 1603–1623) 8376: 8355: 8304:Santa Maria sopra Minerva 8288: 8240:Palazzo Visconti frescoes 8232: 8209: 8178: 8099: 8020:The Agony and the Ecstasy 7960: 7909: 7856: 7852: 7841: 7781: 7757: 7753: 7742: 7707: 7620: 7599: 7552: 7548: 7537: 7489: 7419:Christ Carrying the Cross 7410: 7326: 7250: 7209: 7169: 7123: 7119: 7108: 7087: 7041: 7028: 7022: 7012: 6999: 6993: 6988: 6642:Rome and the Vatican City 6106:Maleczek, Werner (1984). 5664:Golzio, Vincenzo (1969). 5586:Claridge, Amanda (1998). 5108:The Treaty of the Lateran 4916:"Altar of the Confession" 4265:Pietro Francesco Galleffi 4235:Francesco Nerli (iuniore) 4138:Antonio Calvi (1408–1411) 4005:of the Vatican Basilica: 3884:The tomb of Fabio Chigi, 3815:Maria Clementina Sobieska 3658:Queen Christina of Sweden 3481:kissing it for centuries. 3292:Maria Clementina Sobieska 3087: 2845:by Constantine's mother, 2631:, England), the domes of 2551:The nave has huge paired 2505:The Vision of Constantine 2405:flanked by eleven of the 2149:Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola 1967:tallest dome in the world 1507:(590–604), built over an 1371:Saint Peter's burial site 1360:tallest dome in the world 1239:, and not that of Italy. 1206: 1178:The American philosopher 1039:Maria Clementina Sobieska 973:Chapel with the altar of 577: 573: 563: 553: 541: 533: 525: 517: 508: 504: 492: 487: 475: 470: 466:41.5 metres (136 ft) 462: 454: 450:46.2 metres (152 ft) 443: 435: 427: 419: 409: 404: 389: 379: 363: 338:Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola 288: 283: 273: 261: 251: 246: 234: 222: 209: 197: 187: 153: 149: 126: 86: 81: 76: 16215:Churches in Vatican City 15963:Appian Way Regional Park 15770:Pigorini National Museum 15690:Museo Civico di Zoologia 15325:della Piazza dei Quiriti 15037:List of churches in Rome 14978:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re 14803:S. Croce in Via Flaminia 14778:S. Cecilia in Trastevere 14763:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio 14743:S. Apollinare alle Terme 14723:S. Anastasia al Palatino 14708:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura 14487:Column of Antoninus Pius 14164:Largo di Torre Argentina 14136:Temple of Minerva Medica 14131:Temple of Jupiter Tonans 13398:Archaeological Institute 12583:Old St. Peter's Basilica 12578:Patrimony of Saint Peter 12573:History of papal primacy 11344:Congregation for Borders 10986:Church in Eastern Europe 10582:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re 10447:S. Giuseppe al Trionfale 10402:S. Croce in Via Flaminia 10377:S. Cecilia in Trastevere 10362:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio 10342:S. Apollinare alle Terme 10322:S. Anastasia al Palatino 10307:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura 10035:Vatican Publishing House 9340:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 9192:Old St. Peter's Basilica 8564:Sant'Andrea delle Fratte 8548:(involvement, 1653–1657) 7886:The Punishment of Tityus 7002:Tallest building in Rome 6955:St Peter's Basilica.info 6895:National Geographic News 6684:Pagan and Christian Rome 4567: 3503:In the Confessio is the 3100: 2659:to St Peter's Basilica. 2544:his critics. An ancient 1591:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1554:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1546:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1528:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1477:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1147:Chapel of the Confession 681:architecture and is the 661:Designed principally by 648:Old St. Peter's Basilica 568:Europe and North America 431:150 metres (490 ft) 423:220 metres (720 ft) 39:latest accepted revision 18:St Peter's Basilica 16285:Carlo Maderno buildings 15851:Portonaccio sarcophagus 15838:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 15815:Colossus of Constantine 15810:Augustus of Prima Porta 15785:Venanzo Crocetti Museum 15745:Museum of the Ara Pacis 15720:Museo Nazionale Etrusco 15640:Galleria Doria Pamphilj 15530:Via della Conciliazione 15490:Piazza della Repubblica 15119:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini 15074:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga 14913:S. Maria della Vittoria 14808:S. Croce in Gerusalemme 14758:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola 14713:S. Agnese fuori le mura 14180:Porta Maggiore Basilica 13881:Obelisk of Montecitorio 13593:Vatican City portal 13325:Palace of the Vicariate 13119:Civitavecchia-Tarquinia 12643:Prisoner in the Vatican 12632:Investiture Controversy 12444:Vatican City portal 11508:Vatican City portal 11132:Interreligious Dialogue 10871:Council for the Economy 10807:Interreligious Dialogue 10517:S. Maria della Vittoria 10407:S. Croce in Gerusalemme 10357:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola 10312:S. Agnese fuori le mura 10173:Vatican City portal 9585:Via della Conciliazione 9181:Prisoner in the Vatican 8316:Sant'Andrea della Valle 8115:Giovanni Antonio Amadeo 8043:Michelangelo quadrangle 7773:Basilica of San Lorenzo 6659:Korn, Frank J. (2002). 6568:(subscription required) 6526:(1). Cambridge: 39–65. 6480:(subscription required) 6338:(subscription required) 6051:saintpetersbasilica.org 6021:saintpetersbasilica.org 5625:Encyclopædia Britannica 5278:. Travel Distribution. 5042:Pio V. Pinto, pp. 48–59 4687:saintpetersbasilica.org 4253:Romualdo Braschi-Onesti 4094:Giovanni Gaetano Orsini 3859:At the entrance to the 3736:and with an altarpiece 3439: 3315:Investiture Controversy 3290:. Also buried here are 3050:Via della Conciliazione 2668:St. Josaphat's Basilica 2609:Sant'Andrea della Valle 746:Altar of the Confession 458:42 metres (138 ft) 326:Michelangelo Buonarroti 16260:Burial places of popes 16021:Festa della Repubblica 15861:Sistine Chapel ceiling 15725:Museo Nazionale Romano 15595:Parco degli Acquedotti 15575:Villa Borghese gardens 15535:Via dei Fori Imperiali 15109:Palazzo della Consulta 14993:S. Silvestro in Capite 14898:S. Maria in Trastevere 14893:S. Maria sopra Minerva 14868:S. Maria in Montesanto 14728:S. Andrea delle Fratte 14600:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus 14585:Mausoleum of Maxentius 14555:Catacombs of Domitilla 14463:Villa of the Quintilii 13605:Catholicism portal 13561:Apostolic Penitentiary 13535:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 13482:Santa Maria di Galeria 12807:For Vatican City State 12289:for Vatican City State 11919:Apostolic constitution 11520:Catholicism portal 11319:Reform by John Paul II 10845:Apostolic Penitentiary 10797:Laity, Family and Life 10647:Catholicism portal 10597:S. Silvestro in Capite 10502:S. Maria in Trastevere 10497:S. Maria sopra Minerva 10327:S. Andrea delle Fratte 10185:Catholicism portal 10147:National football team 10141:National football team 10041:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 9733:For Vatican City State 8994:Sistine Chapel ceiling 8959:San Pietro in Montorio 8865:Bernardino delle Croci 8680:Santi Apostoli, Naples 8558:Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza 8534:Oratorio dei Filippini 8367:Santa Maria del Popolo 8322:San Giacomo in Augusta 8137:Santa Maria della Pace 8127:San Pietro in Montorio 7794:Piazza del Campidoglio 7725:The Conversion of Saul 7601:Salone dei Cinquecento 7273:Piccolomini Altarpiece 7153:Battle of the Centaurs 6860:Scotti, R. A. (2007). 6806:Pile, John F. (2005). 6137:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 5491:Peter Partner (1972). 4507: 4392: 4178:Giovanni Battista Zeno 4017: 3998: 3981:Archpriests since 1053 3774:". Fontana's reworked 3700:San Pietro in Montorio 3434: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3255: 3084: 3032: 3004: 2948: 2879: 2811: 2755:Baldacchino and niches 2711: 2540: 2537:Giovanni Paolo Pannini 2482: 2437: 2390: 2289: 2268: 2258: 2128: 2120: 2014: 1911:form, like the iconic 1751:Protestant Reformation 1611:Leone Battista Alberti 1549: 1537: 1394: 1393:Basilicas of St. Peter 1251: 1248:Second Vatican Council 1033:and the Chapel of the 883: 773:Protestant Reformation 765:early Christian Church 740:is directly below the 646:to replace the ageing 616:), is a church of the 609:Basilica di San Pietro 608: 604: 597:Saint Peter's Basilica 592: 107: 93:Basilica di San Pietro 92: 77:Saint Peter's Basilica 71:Church in Vatican City 59:Church in Vatican City 16013:Events and traditions 15820:La Bocca della Verità 15665:Jewish Museum of Rome 15159:Palazzo del Quirinale 15003:S. Sofia a Via Boccea 14863:S. Maria degli Angeli 14853:S. Maria Ausiliatrice 14733:S. Andrea della Valle 14575:Mausoleum of Augustus 14509:Five-Columns Monument 14457:Insula dell'Ara Coeli 14309:Portico Dii Consentes 14277:Basilica of Maxentius 13389:San Carlo ai Catinari 13360:Paul VI Audience Hall 13346:Benedictine monastery 13293:Bambino Gesù Hospital 13063:Sabina-Poggio Mirteto 12412:Sexually active popes 12363:Pontifical university 12107:Ring of the Fisherman 11946:Ecclesiastical letter 11941:Apostolic exhortation 11830:Patriarch of the West 11815:Vicar of Jesus Christ 11382:Congregation of Rites 11230:Immaculate Conception 11144:Culture and Education 11073:Doctrine of the Faith 10989:Consecrated Religious 10954:Fabric of Saint Peter 10812:Culture and Education 10757:Doctrine of the Faith 10607:S. Sofia a Via Boccea 10472:S. Maria degli Angeli 10462:S. Maria Ausiliatrice 10332:S. Andrea della Valle 9996:Holy See Press Office 9781:Corps of Firefighters 9556:Paul VI Audience Hall 9507:Domus Sanctae Marthae 9279:St. Peter's Baldachin 9209:Cortile del Belvedere 9175:History of the papacy 8890:Sebastiano del Piombo 8820:Mariotto Albertinelli 8688:(portal and tympanum) 8658:St. Peter's Baldachin 8186:Cortile del Belvedere 8113:(c. 1476–1482) (with 8038:Michelangelo (crater) 7942:Sebastiano del Piombo 7922:Tommaso dei Cavalieri 7872:Male Back with a Flag 7387:The Genius of Victory 7146:Madonna of the Stairs 6486:Fletcher, Banister F. 6397:(3). New York: 4–64. 6352:Catholic Encyclopedia 5763:Michelangelo's plan, 5533:Dietz, Helen (2005). 5233:Catholic Encyclopedia 4598:Patriarch of the West 4579:Claims made that the 4527:List of tallest domes 4498: 4387: 4247:Henry Benedict Stuart 4061:Bernard (1145?–1176?) 4034:Rustico de' Rustici ( 4011: 3988: 3853:Immaculate Conception 3782:, the fourth-century 3622:by Francois Duquesnoy 3549:, by Bernini (1639); 3471:Saint Peter Enthroned 3428: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3355:Constantine the Great 3284:Henry Benedict Stuart 3280:Charles Edward Stuart 3266:, Holy Roman Emperor 3250: 3082: 3030: 3002: 2946: 2896:Doctors of the Church 2874: 2809: 2761:St. Peter's Baldachin 2709: 2702:Bernini's furnishings 2613:San Carlo ai Catinari 2591:are 95 bronze lamps. 2534: 2502:in the south end and 2480: 2469:Saints Peter and Paul 2423: 2388: 2302:Constantine the Great 2287: 2262: 2244: 2126: 2114: 2008: 1677:(saint) (1565–1572), 1563:Constantine the Great 1548:by H. W. Brewer, 1891 1543: 1535: 1384: 1332:Doctors of the Church 1284:Fathers of the Church 1245: 949:, only opened during 873: 652:Constantine the Great 605:Basilica Sancti Petri 463:Dome diameter (inner) 455:Dome diameter (outer) 172:41.90222°N 12.45333°E 108:Basilica Sancti Petri 16210:St. Peter's Basilica 16118:St. Peter's Basilica 15866:Velletri Sarcophagus 15826:Laocoön and His Sons 15580:Villa Doria Pamphili 15485:Piazza della Minerva 15310:di Piazza d'Aracoeli 15199:Palazzo del Viminale 15144:Palazzo di Giustizia 14973:Sacro Cuore di Maria 14958:Ss. Quattro Coronati 14943:S. Pietro in Vincoli 14928:S. Nicola in Carcere 14923:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo 14908:S. Maria in Via Lata 14883:S. Maria in Aracoeli 14873:S. Maria in Cosmedin 14848:S. Lorenzo in Lucina 14843:S. Lorenzo in Damaso 14838:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo 14783:Ss. Celso e Giuliano 14768:S. Camillo de Lellis 14384:Theatre of Marcellus 14156:House of the Vestals 13215:St. Peter's Basilica 12908:Apostolic nunciature 12767:College of Cardinals 12762:Secretariat of State 12407:Popes by nationality 12323:Sistine Chapel Choir 12257:College of Cardinals 11888:Regalia and insignia 11771:St. Peter's Basilica 11225:Saint Thomas Aquinas 11178:Pontifical academies 11162:L'Osservatore Romano 10708:Secretariat of State 10577:Sacro Cuore di Maria 10562:Ss. Quattro Coronati 10547:S. Pietro in Vincoli 10532:S. Nicola in Carcere 10527:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo 10512:S. Maria in Via Lata 10487:S. Maria in Aracoeli 10477:S. Maria in Cosmedin 10457:S. Lorenzo in Lucina 10452:S. Lorenzo in Damaso 10442:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo 10382:Ss. Celso e Giuliano 10367:S. Camillo de Lellis 10270:St. Peter's Basilica 10057:L'Osservatore Romano 9966:Sistine Chapel Choir 9770:Corps of Gendarmerie 9595:Porta San Pellegrino 9546:Sant'Egidio in Borgo 9274:Chair of Saint Peter 9266:St. Peter's Basilica 9234:Piazza Scossacavalli 8988:St. Peter's Basilica 8855:Antonio da Correggio 8772:Principal proponents 8714:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8703:Baroque architecture 8668:St. Peter's Basilica 8662:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8635:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8593:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8552:San Giovanni in Oleo 8546:Sant'Agnese in Agone 8522:Santa Lucia in Selci 8463:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8429:Baroque architecture 8412:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8328:St. Peter's Basilica 8218:Christ at the Column 8163:San Giovanni in Oleo 8147:St. Peter's Basilica 7804:St. Peter's Basilica 7654:The Creation of Adam 7178:Arca di San Domenico 6891:"Inside the Vatican" 6083:. Salvador Miranda. 5435:Paulist Press (2002) 4517:Architecture of Rome 4355:Francesco Marchisano 4313:Rafael Merry del Val 4195:Marco Cornaro (1520) 4112:Annibaldo di Ceccano 4048:Griffone (1138–1139) 4012:The inauguration of 3936:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 3505:Niche of the Pallium 3498:Napoleon Bonaparte's 3455:Agostino Cornacchini 3393:in 1950 and cast in 2953:Piazza di San Pietro 2867:Chair of Saint Peter 2721:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 2617:Sant'Agnese in Agone 1806:Giuliano da Sangallo 1403:Acts of the Apostles 1328:apostolic succession 1316:Chair of Saint Peter 1274:and later the first 1173:Chair of Saint Peter 1169:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 999:Chair of Saint Peter 965:, the Chapel of the 836:improve this article 789:Major papal basilica 675:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 350:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 302:Giuliano da Sangallo 256:Papal major basilica 240:St. Peter's Basilica 62:For other uses, see 15386:Altare della Patria 15047:Castles and palaces 14918:S. Martino ai Monti 14888:S. Maria del Popolo 14878:S. Maria in Domnica 14823:S. Francesca Romana 14793:Ss. Cosma e Damiano 14615:Tombs of Via Latina 14610:Tomb of the Scipios 14605:Tomb of the Haterii 14580:Mausoleum of Helena 14379:Stadium of Domitian 14369:Gardens of Maecenas 14345:Circus of Maxentius 14282:Basilica of Neptune 14259:Basilica Argentaria 14063:Baths of Diocletian 14036:Cloaca Circi Maximi 13908:Arch of Constantine 13876:Obelisk of Minerveo 13566:Apostolic Signatura 13394:Collegio Bellarmino 13266:Adjoining buildings 12841:Multilateral policy 11306:Immensa Aeterni Dei 11049:Other organizations 11015:Historical Sciences 10983:Particular Churches 10850:Apostolic Signatura 10522:S. Martino ai Monti 10492:S. Maria del Popolo 10482:S. Maria in Domnica 10422:S. Francesca Romana 10392:Ss. Cosma e Damiano 10048:Annuario Pontificio 9900:Academy of Sciences 9459:Gregoriano Egiziano 8920:Antonio Vassilacchi 8607:(remodelling, 1632) 8587:(co-autorship with 8554:(remodelling, 1658) 8515:religious buildings 8506:Francesco Borromini 8457:Francesco Borromini 8408:Francesco Borromini 8406:(co-autorship with 8394:Giacomo della Porta 8392:(co-autorship with 8318:(new project, 1608) 8291:religious buildings 7917:Cecchino dei Bracci 7411:Florence, 1516–1534 7251:Florence, 1501–1505 6905:on 20 November 2001 6866:. New York: Plume. 6839:Pinto, Pio (1975). 5923:. 14 October 2005. 5893:. 7 December 2007. 5672:. pp. 593–594. 5478:Cultures and Values 5145:on 26 February 2009 4958:on 24 February 2021 4764:on 23 February 2021 4758:National Geographic 4654:Santa Maria Novella 4325:Federico Tedeschini 4295:Edward Henry Howard 4271:Giacomo Giustiniani 4223:Francesco Barberini 4100:Matteo Rosso Orsini 3715:Our Lady of Succour 3300:Christina of Sweden 3270:, and the composer 3264:Ignatius of Antioch 3258:There are over 100 2801:Emperor Constantine 2799:and donated by the 2797:Temple of Jerusalem 2641:St. Nicholas Church 2625:St Paul's Cathedral 2619:, and many others. 2605:Western Christendom 2601:church architecture 2486:Narthex and portals 2339:Counter-Reformation 2308:and two rare black 2165:Giacomo della Porta 1915:in Venice, or of a 1913:St. Mark's Basilica 1889:Michelangelo's plan 1845:and the refusal of 1615:Bernardo Rossellino 1343:World Heritage Site 1180:Ralph Waldo Emerson 1153:chapels, including 1135:Christina of Sweden 1009:, the altar of the 993:, the altar of the 896:Hadrian's Mausoleum 777:Counter-Reformation 728:and also the first 644:Pope Julius II 634:within the city of 354:Francesco Borromini 334:Giacomo Della Porta 322:Baldassarre Peruzzi 298:Bernardo Rossellino 168: / 29:Page version status 16230:Terminating vistas 16031:Rome Film Festival 15993:Villa Aldobrandini 15620:Capitoline Museums 15465:Clivus Capitolinus 15124:Palazzo Giustinani 15064:Castel Sant'Angelo 15008:S. Stefano Rotondo 14590:Pyramid of Cestius 14439:Palace of Domitian 14374:Gardens of Sallust 14221:Forum of Vespasian 14141:Temple of Portunus 14058:Baths of Caracalla 13335:Collegio Teutonico 13252:Lateran University 13096:Suffragan dioceses 13073:Territorial abbeys 13043:Porto-Santa Rufina 13025:Suburbicarian sees 12987:Special assemblies 12882:Permanent Observer 12358:Pontifical academy 12353:Orders of chivalry 11479:Catholic Education 11474:New Evangelization 11427:New Evangelization 11387:Apostolic Chancery 11032:Financial Security 10762:Service of Charity 10612:S. Stefano Rotondo 9812:Vatican euro coins 9607:Saint John's Tower 9580:St. Peter's Square 9529:Collegio Teutonico 9512:Holy Spirit Chapel 9474:Bramante Staircase 9454:Gregoriano Etrusco 9296:Saint Peter's tomb 9291:Vatican Necropolis 9150:List of sovereigns 8885:Baldassare Peruzzi 8840:Moretto da Brescia 8825:Pellegrino Aretusi 8611:Palazzo Falconieri 8453:(possible brother) 8390:Villa Aldobrandini 8346:Sant'Ignazio, Rome 8031:A Season of Giants 8014:(1950 documentary) 7789:Capitoline Museums 7769:Laurentian Library 7568:Manchester Madonna 7318:Rothschild Bronzes 7170:Bologna, 1494–1495 6644:. Köln: Könemann. 5457:on 25 January 2006 5275:Fodor's Italy 2015 4615:Siege of Jerusalem 4508: 4504:Castel Sant'Angelo 4393: 4208:Alessandro Farnese 4067:Ugolino di Segni ( 4018: 3999: 3886:Pope Alexander VII 3841:Pope Innocent VIII 3713:Near the altar of 3638:by Francesco Mochi 3559:Francois Duquesnoy 3555:St. Andrew's Cross 3451:Pope Benedict XIII 3338:Towers and narthex 3311:Matilda of Tuscany 3278:and his two sons, 3256: 3085: 3033: 3005: 2983:and engineered by 2957:St. Peter's Square 2949: 2939:St. Peter's Square 2933:St. Peter's Piazza 2891:Pope Alexander VII 2880: 2812: 2793:barley-sugar shape 2749:chair of St. Peter 2712: 2655:, France) all pay 2541: 2512:in the north end. 2498:(18th century) by 2483: 2429:Prince of Apostles 2427:(In honour of the 2391: 2290: 2129: 2121: 2117:Castel Sant'Angelo 2046:Florence Cathedral 2015: 1979:Florence Cathedral 1921:Florence Cathedral 1822:Baldassare Peruzzi 1788:Florence Cathedral 1550: 1538: 1522:Saint Peter's tomb 1457:St. Peter's Square 1445:Great Fire of Rome 1395: 1377:Saint Peter's tomb 1252: 1237:Vatican City State 1200:St. Peter's Square 1119:Matilda of Canossa 904:St. Peter's Square 884: 761:St. Peter's Square 738:Saint Peter's tomb 554:Reference no. 177:41.90222; 12.45333 143:St. Peter's Square 35: 16255:Tombs of apostles 16055: 16054: 16026:Rome Quadriennale 15953:Metropolitan City 15947: 15946: 15630:Galleria Borghese 15505:Piazza San Pietro 15480:Piazza del Popolo 15475:Piazza d'Aracoeli 15448:and public spaces 15330:di Piazza Nicosia 15320:di Piazza Farnese 15315:di Piazza Colonna 15189:Palazzo Valentini 15079:Palazzo Barberini 14773:S. Carlo al Corso 14672: 14671: 14663:Ponte Sant'Angelo 14620:Tomb of Priscilla 14560:Catacombs of Rome 14434:House of Augustus 14423:Domus Transitoria 14389:Theatre of Pompey 14316:Porticus Octaviae 14206:Forum of Augustus 14111:Temple of Hadrian 13923:Arch of Gallienus 13913:Arch of Dolabella 13871:Flaminian Obelisk 13647:Landmarks of Rome 13613: 13612: 13522: 13521: 13518: 13517: 13480:antennae area of 13471:Summer estate of 13436: 13435: 13368: 13367: 13340:Teutonic Cemetery 13238: 13237: 13201: 13200: 13197: 13178: 13161: 13160: 13157: 13156: 13114:Civita Castellana 13017: 12961: 12935: 12934: 12700: 12637:Age of Revolution 12610:Donation of Pepin 12605:Donation of Sutri 12545:international law 12464: 12463: 12231:Prelate of Honour 11798: 11702: 11701: 11698: 11697: 11528: 11527: 11492: 11491: 11454:Justice and Peace 11392:Apostolic Dataria 11325:Reform by Francis 11313:Reform by Paul VI 11299:Roman Inquisition 11264:Papal See of Rome 11258: 11257: 10822:Legislative Texts 10767:Oriental Churches 10738: 10737: 10734: 10733: 10655: 10654: 10372:S. Carlo al Corso 10193: 10192: 10153:Vatican Athletics 10119: 10118: 10071: 10070: 9927:Apostolic Archive 9882: 9881: 9789: 9788: 9652:Foreign relations 9630: 9629: 9602:Ricciolo d'Italia 9570:Passetto di Borgo 9534:Teutonic Cemetery 9487: 9486: 9345:Borgia Apartments 9326: 9325: 9306:Tomb of the Julii 9070: 9069: 9015:The Last Judgment 8804:Leonardo da Vinci 8731: 8730: 8585:Palazzo Barberini 8578:Secular buildings 8472: 8471: 8404:Palazzo Barberini 8377:Secular buildings 8298:Trinità dei Monti 8248: 8247: 8179:Secular buildings 8143:(1504) (cloister) 8129:(The Tempietto), 8059: 8058: 8055: 8054: 8051: 8050: 7837: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7738: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7698:The Last Judgment 7626:(ceiling gallery) 7610:Battle of Cascina 7589:Leda and the Swan 7533: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7328:Tomb of Julius II 7271:Additions to the 7266:Madonna of Bruges 7176:Additions to the 7048: 7047: 7039: 7013:Succeeded by 7010: 6873:978-0-452-28860-7 6852:978-0-06-013388-7 6819:978-1-856-69418-6 6790:978-0-14-020109-3 6775:Pevsner, Nikolaus 6704:Lees-Milne, James 6670:978-0-8091-4109-8 6651:978-3-8290-3109-7 6632:978-0-13-188247-8 6610:978-0-7148-3296-8 6587:978-0-495-00479-0 6301:Bannister, Turpin 5781:Eneide Mignacca, 5725:Goldscheider 1996 5711:Sangallo's plan, 5650:Bramante's plan, 5445:Hijmans, Steven. 5285:978-0-8041-4291-5 5258:978-0-7867-1436-0 5009:Today I Found Out 4855:Banister Fletcher 4680:and ⑬ Matthias. ( 4343:Aurelio Sabattani 4259:Alessandro Mattei 4202:Francesco Cornaro 4163:Giuliano Cesarini 3952:Arnolfo di Cambio 3756:Pope Innocent XII 3708:Pietro da Cortona 3685:Pope John Paul II 3509:Pope Benedict XIV 3475:Arnolfo di Cambio 3370:Antonio Averulino 3327:Tomb of the Julii 3319:Pope Benedict XVI 3228: 3227: 3070:terminating vista 3060:, leads from the 2849:, and a relic of 2831:spear of Longinus 2725:Annibale Carracci 2521:Antonio Averulino 2219:. His successor, 2089:Sangallo's design 1983:Early Renaissance 1827:Emperor Charles V 1272:Bishop of Antioch 1007:Archangel Michael 880:Ponte Sant'Angelo 868: 867: 860: 627:, an independent 581: 580: 314:Giovanni Giocondo 47:19 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 16307: 16195: 16187: 16186: 16185: 16178: 16170: 16169: 16168: 16161: 16153: 16152: 16151: 16144: 16136: 16135: 16134: 16124: 16108: 16107: 16106: 16096: 16095: 16084: 16083: 16082: 16072: 16071: 16063: 15879: 15878: 15804:Apollo Belvedere 15700:Museo delle Mura 15520:Via dei Coronari 15510:Piazza di Spagna 15204:Palazzo Wedekind 15164:Palazzo Pamphilj 15089:Palazzo Borghese 14998:S. Sisto Vecchio 14526:Porticus Aemilia 14498:Column of Phocas 14480:Column monuments 14241:Forum Holitorium 14146:Temple of Saturn 14053:Baths of Agrippa 13969:Aqua Alexandrina 13901:Triumphal arches 13898: 13897: 13770:Castra Praetoria 13640: 13633: 13626: 13617: 13616: 13603: 13602: 13591: 13590: 13589: 13493:extraterritorial 13488: 13487: 13466:Adjacent gardens 13426:Nympheum of Nero 13375:extraterritorial 13370: 13369: 13262:Sancta Sanctorum 13240: 13239: 13203: 13202: 13196: 13193: 13192: 13182: 13181: 13170: 13021: 13020: 13002: 12999:province of Rome 12965: 12964: 12946: 12797:Apostolic Camera 12704: 12703: 12686: 12568:Primacy of Peter 12491: 12484: 12477: 12468: 12467: 12454: 12453: 12442: 12441: 12440: 12279:Apostolic Camera 12236:Prince assistant 12162:Sedia gestatoria 11835:Primate of Italy 11794: 11725:Papal apartments 11720:Apostolic Palace 11687:extraterritorial 11643: 11642: 11592: 11591: 11555: 11548: 11541: 11532: 11531: 11518: 11517: 11506: 11505: 11504: 11332: 11331: 11053: 11052: 10916:Apostolic Camera 10777:Causes of Saints 10713: 10712: 10704: 10703: 10682: 10675: 10668: 10659: 10658: 10645: 10644: 10602:S. Sisto Vecchio 10292: 10220: 10213: 10206: 10197: 10196: 10183: 10182: 10171: 10170: 10169: 10030:Vatican News App 9984: 9983: 9893: 9892: 9800: 9799: 9723:Apostolic Camera 9641: 9640: 9617:Vatican Pharmacy 9562:The Resurrection 9379:Niccoline Chapel 9369:Cappella Paolina 9355:Papal apartments 9332:Apostolic Palace 9313:Vatican Grottoes 9262: 9261: 9253: 9252: 9249: 9248: 9097: 9090: 9083: 9074: 9073: 9038:Jacob Burckhardt 8983: 8982: 1502–1516 8980: 8946: 8945: 1492–1498 8943: 8900:Andrea del Sarto 8835:Ludovico Beretta 8765:High Renaissance 8758: 8751: 8744: 8735: 8734: 8625:Domenico Fontana 8621:Giovanni Fontana 8599:Villa Falconieri 8499: 8492: 8485: 8476: 8475: 8445:Giovanni Fontana 8439:Domenico Fontana 8398:Giovanni Fontana 8275: 8268: 8261: 8252: 8251: 8100:Church buildings 8086: 8079: 8072: 8063: 8062: 7998:Replicas of the 7952:Luigi del Riccio 7927:Vittoria Colonna 7854: 7853: 7843: 7842: 7755: 7754: 7744: 7743: 7675:Prophet Jeremiah 7550: 7549: 7539: 7538: 7512:Palestrina Pietà 7505:Florentine Pietà 7345:Rebellious Slave 7130: 7129: 1488–1492 7127: 7121: 7120: 7110: 7109: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7051: 7050: 7037: 7023:Preceded by 7008: 6994:Preceded by 6986: 6985: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6940:Official website 6926: 6925:on 10 June 2014. 6921:. Archived from 6914: 6912: 6910: 6886: 6877: 6856: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6802: 6770: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6674: 6655: 6636: 6619:Hartt, Frederick 6614: 6602: 6591: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6556: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6481: 6478: 6441: 6422: 6385: 6356: 6348: 6339: 6336: 6286: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6227: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6198: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6169: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6149: 6142: 6132: 6123: 6121: 6118:Internet Archive 6103: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5971: 5965: 5955: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5883: 5874: 5872: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5835: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5802: 5792: 5786: 5779: 5768: 5761: 5755: 5750: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5709: 5700: 5695:Peruzzi's plan, 5693: 5687: 5682:Raphael's plan, 5680: 5674: 5673: 5661: 5655: 5648: 5642: 5637: 5628: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5516: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5453:. Archived from 5442: 5436: 5429: 5423: 5418: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5337: 5331: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5299: 5297: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5229: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5201:. Archived from 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5102: 5096: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5079:Masson, Georgina 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5049: 5043: 5040: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5000: 4994: 4989: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4954:. Archived from 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4881: 4875: 4868: 4862: 4852: 4843: 4838: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4750: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4674:John the Apostle 4670:John the Baptist 4663: 4657: 4650: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4626: 4611: 4605: 4591: 4585: 4577: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4389:Crepuscular rays 4331:Domenico Tardini 4289:Edoardo Borromeo 4133:Angelo Acciaioli 4077: 4076: 1200–1206 4073: 4070: 4057: 4054: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4031:Azzo (1103–1104) 3962: 3947: 3931: 3919: 3826:Pope Benedict XV 3758:and designed by 3734:Saint Petronilla 3677:Pope Innocent XI 3631: 3615: 3599: 3583: 3486:Vatican Grottoes 3375:Door of the Dead 3236:Tombs and relics 3128: 3127: 3058:Lateran Treaties 3014:Palazzo Pubblico 2985:Domenico Fontana 2835:veil of Veronica 2779:is laid for the 2621:Christopher Wren 2546:Egyptian obelisk 2519:door created by 2452:Bernini's Towers 2411:John the Baptist 2381:Maderno's facade 2322:Domenico Fontana 2254:Matthew 16:18–19 2169:Domenico Fontana 2098: 2086: 2074: 2063:James Lees-Milne 2011:Cristoforo Foppa 1886: 1874: 1862: 1847:Jacopo Sansovino 1762:Successive plans 1717:(1623–1644) and 1461:Obelisks of Rome 1411:Christian Church 1324:Charles the Bald 1221:St. John Lateran 1191: 1029:, the Chapel of 957:overwhelms us." 925:The basilica is 863: 856: 852: 849: 843: 820: 812: 621:High Renaissance 615: 415:or 20,000 seated 413:60,000 standing 400: 398: 330:Domenico Fontana 310:Raffaello Sanzio 279:18 November 1626 242: 183: 182: 180: 179: 178: 173: 169: 166: 165: 164: 161: 131: 118: 110: 103: 95: 74: 73: 21: 16315: 16314: 16310: 16309: 16308: 16306: 16305: 16304: 16295:Major basilicas 16200: 16199: 16198: 16188: 16183: 16181: 16177:from Wikivoyage 16171: 16166: 16164: 16160:from Wikisource 16154: 16149: 16147: 16137: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16123:sister projects 16120:at Knowledge's 16114: 16104: 16102: 16090: 16080: 16078: 16066: 16058: 16056: 16051: 16035: 16007: 15983:Hadrian's Villa 15955:of Rome Capital 15954: 15943: 15939:Monte Testaccio 15925: 15870: 15789: 15760:Palazzo Colonna 15606: 15599: 15557: 15549: 15460:Campo de' Fiori 15447: 15435: 15379:Other landmarks 15374: 15350:Quattro Fontane 15228: 15214:Villa Farnesina 15209:Palazzo Zuccari 15179:Palazzo Ruspoli 15114:Palazzo Farnese 15104:Palazzo Colonna 15042: 15022: 14903:S. Maria in Via 14679: 14668: 14631: 14626:Vigna Randanini 14536: 14532:Trajan's Market 14513: 14504:Trajan's Column 14475: 14409:Domus Augustana 14393: 14328: 14246: 14211:Forum of Caesar 14184: 14151:Temple of Vesta 14121:Temple of Janus 14077: 14073:Baths of Trajan 14041: 14016: 13983:Aqua Anio Novus 13976:Aqua Anio Vetus 13949: 13892: 13885: 13866:Lateran Obelisk 13851: 13654:Walls and gates 13649: 13644: 13614: 13609: 13597: 13587: 13585: 13577: 13546:Papal household 13514: 13492: 13486: 13442: 13432: 13418:Sant'Apollinare 13416:Two Palaces of 13412:Russian College 13374: 13364: 13234: 13207:Major basilicas 13186: 13175: 13172: 13169: 13153: 13090: 13067: 13012: 13001: 12998: 12991: 12955: 12951: 12945: 12942: 12931: 12860:Of the Holy See 12855:To the Holy See 12838: 12836:Foreign affairs 12830: 12778: 12748: 12694: 12691: 12688: 12685: 12683:judicial entity 12682: 12675: 12549: 12527:Diocese of Rome 12500: 12495: 12465: 12460: 12448: 12438: 12436: 12428: 12397:Canonised popes 12327: 12318:Cappella Giulia 12245: 12209:Papal majordomo 12171: 12145: 12048: 11955: 11902: 11854: 11793: 11785: 11758:Major basilicas 11752: 11694: 11649: 11641: 11623:Diocese of Rome 11598: 11581: 11564: 11559: 11529: 11524: 11512: 11502: 11500: 11488: 11336: 11330: 11285: 11254: 11245:Social Sciences 11173: 11120:Christian Unity 11044: 10998: 10972: 10969:Domus Vaticanae 10927: 10894: 10859: 10831: 10802:Christian Unity 10730: 10695: 10686: 10656: 10651: 10639: 10626: 10507:S. Maria in Via 10293: 10284: 10251: 10233: 10231:Diocese of Rome 10224: 10194: 10189: 10177: 10167: 10165: 10157: 10115: 10089: 10085:Catholic Church 10067: 9982: 9978:Public holidays 9878: 9850: 9785: 9756: 9704: 9677: 9672:Fundamental Law 9626: 9492:Gregorian Tower 9483: 9421:Vatican Museums 9415: 9350:Clementine Hall 9322: 9238: 9161: 9110: 9101: 9071: 9066: 9021: 9007:Transfiguration 8981: 8944: 8937:The Last Supper 8924: 8880:Maffeo Olivieri 8860:Piero di Cosimo 8845:Gasparo Cairano 8808: 8779:Donato Bramante 8767: 8762: 8732: 8727: 8691: 8676:(choir project) 8640: 8573: 8568:Mattia de Rossi 8514: 8508: 8503: 8473: 8468: 8451:Stefano Maderno 8417: 8372: 8351: 8290: 8284: 8279: 8249: 8244: 8228: 8205: 8196:Palazzo Caprini 8174: 8095: 8093:Donato Bramante 8090: 8060: 8047: 7973:Casa Buonarroti 7956: 7937:Gherardo Perini 7932:Ascanio Condivi 7905: 7848: 7829: 7809:Tor San Michele 7799:Palazzo Farnese 7777: 7749: 7730: 7703: 7624: 7616: 7595: 7553:Panel paintings 7544: 7525: 7520:Rondanini Pietà 7490:Rome, 1534–1564 7485: 7406: 7380:Awakening Slave 7322: 7246: 7210:Rome, 1496–1500 7205: 7184:Saint Petronius 7165: 7128: 7115: 7104: 7083: 7078: 7036: 7034: 7026: 7018: 7007: 7005: 6997: 6983: 6972:"Beggar's Rome" 6944: 6938: 6937: 6934: 6929: 6917: 6908: 6906: 6889: 6874: 6853: 6829: 6827: 6820: 6791: 6751:10.2307/1567138 6727: 6725: 6693: 6691: 6671: 6652: 6633: 6611: 6588: 6567: 6560: 6558: 6554: 6515: 6501: 6499: 6479: 6438: 6430:. Lviv: Artos. 6403:10.2307/3258914 6337: 6295: 6290: 6289: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6255: 6254: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6229: 6228: 6221: 6211: 6209: 6200: 6199: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6171: 6170: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6126: 6104: 6100: 6090: 6088: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6060: 6058: 6045: 6044: 6040: 6030: 6028: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6000: 5998: 5987: 5983: 5972: 5968: 5958:Lees-Milne 1967 5956: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5900: 5898: 5885: 5884: 5877: 5859: 5855: 5848: 5826: 5822: 5815: 5793: 5789: 5780: 5771: 5762: 5758: 5751: 5730: 5723: 5719: 5710: 5703: 5694: 5690: 5681: 5677: 5662: 5658: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5618: 5614: 5606: 5602: 5585: 5581: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5531: 5527: 5514: 5512: 5505: 5489: 5485: 5474: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5443: 5439: 5431:Frank J. Korn, 5430: 5426: 5421:Lees-Milne 1967 5419: 5364: 5354: 5352: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5325: 5321: 5313: 5309: 5295: 5293: 5286: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5245: 5241: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5205:on 16 July 2012 5193: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5163: 5162: 5158: 5148: 5146: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5090: 5076: 5072: 5062: 5060: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5001: 4997: 4990: 4971: 4961: 4959: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4872:Lees-Milne 1967 4869: 4865: 4853: 4846: 4841:Baumgarten 1913 4839: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4785: 4784: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4702: 4691: 4689: 4681: 4664: 4660: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4612: 4608: 4602:Papal basilicas 4592: 4588: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4493: 4488: 4418: 4414: 4413: 4382: 4377: 4361:Angelo Comastri 4319:Eugenio Pacelli 4241:Annibale Albani 4229:Carlo Barberini 4190:Ippolito d'Este 4157:Giordano Orsini 4075: 4071: 4055: 4042: 4038: 4022:Giovanni (1053) 3997:, 16 April 2005 3983: 3976: 3963: 3954: 3948: 3939: 3932: 3923: 3920: 3863:is the tomb of 3830:Pope John XXIII 3784:Prefect of Rome 3751: 3723:Camillo Rusconi 3665:Saint Sebastian 3646: 3639: 3637: 3632: 3623: 3621: 3616: 3607: 3605: 3600: 3591: 3590:by Andrea Bolgi 3589: 3584: 3571:Francesco Mochi 3442: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3410: 3365:(18th century). 3340: 3335: 3288:Pope Clement XI 3245: 3238: 3233: 3103: 3090: 2941: 2935: 2912:John Chrysostom 2869: 2863: 2763: 2757: 2729:Pope Urban VIII 2719:As a young boy 2717: 2704: 2597: 2529: 2488: 2454: 2426: 2383: 2365:were accepted. 2306:Borghese Palace 2282: 2273: 2265: 2247: 2231:and a relic of 2213: 2184:Galasso Alghisi 2109: 2102: 2099: 2090: 2087: 2078: 2077:Bramante's dome 2075: 2044:In the case of 2003: 1963: 1897: 1890: 1887: 1878: 1875: 1866: 1865:Bramante's plan 1863: 1772:Donato Bramante 1764: 1759: 1727: 1607:Pope Nicholas V 1599: 1597:Plan to rebuild 1556: 1530: 1447:. According to 1379: 1373: 1368: 1312:Catholic Church 1300:Major Basilicas 1293:Pope Urban VIII 1264:twelve Apostles 1246:Bishops at the 1233:minor basilicas 1217:Major Basilicas 1213:papal basilicas 1209: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1031:Saint Sebastian 1019:Saint Wenceslas 864: 853: 847: 844: 833: 821: 810: 699:Diocese of Rome 691:Catholic Church 663:Donato Bramante 640:Pope Nicholas V 513: 414: 396: 394: 359: 238: 176: 174: 170: 167: 162: 159: 157: 155: 154: 145: 122: 121: 112: 97: 72: 67: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16313: 16303: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16270:Pope Julius II 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16197: 16196: 16179: 16162: 16145: 16116: 16113: 16112: 16100: 16088: 16076: 16053: 16052: 16050: 16049: 16043: 16041: 16037: 16036: 16034: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16017: 16015: 16009: 16008: 16006: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15959: 15957: 15949: 15948: 15945: 15944: 15942: 15941: 15936: 15930: 15927: 15926: 15924: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15887: 15885: 15876: 15872: 15871: 15869: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15841: 15834: 15829: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15807: 15799: 15797: 15791: 15790: 15788: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15660:Galleria Spada 15657: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15625:Casa di Goethe 15622: 15617: 15611: 15609: 15601: 15600: 15598: 15597: 15592: 15590:Villa Torlonia 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15561: 15559: 15555:Parks, gardens 15551: 15550: 15548: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15515:Piazza Venezia 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15495:Piazza Farnese 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15470:Piazza Colonna 15467: 15462: 15457: 15451: 15449: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15382: 15380: 15376: 15375: 15373: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15360:Trevi Fountain 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15340:di Ponte Sisto 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15236: 15234: 15230: 15229: 15227: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15174:Palazzo Riario 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15154:Palazzo Mattei 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15134:Palazzo Madama 15131: 15129:Lateran Palace 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15050: 15048: 15044: 15043: 15041: 15040: 15032: 15030: 15028:Other churches 15024: 15023: 15021: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14684: 14682: 14678:Roman Catholic 14674: 14673: 14670: 14669: 14667: 14666: 14659: 14654: 14651:Pons Fabricius 14647: 14639: 14637: 14633: 14632: 14630: 14629: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14544: 14542: 14538: 14537: 14535: 14534: 14529: 14521: 14519: 14515: 14514: 14512: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14494: 14489: 14483: 14481: 14477: 14476: 14474: 14473: 14465: 14460: 14453: 14451:Villa of Livia 14448: 14445:Villa Gordiani 14441: 14436: 14431: 14429:Flavian Palace 14426: 14419: 14412: 14404: 14402: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14365: 14364: 14352: 14350:Circus of Nero 14347: 14342: 14340:Circus Maximus 14336: 14334: 14330: 14329: 14327: 14326: 14319: 14312: 14305: 14298: 14291: 14288:Basilica Ulpia 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14266:Basilica Julia 14262: 14254: 14252: 14248: 14247: 14245: 14244: 14237: 14230: 14229: 14228: 14226:Trajan's Forum 14223: 14218: 14216:Forum of Nerva 14213: 14208: 14198: 14192: 14190: 14186: 14185: 14183: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14160: 14159: 14158: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14085: 14083: 14079: 14078: 14076: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14049: 14047: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14039: 14032: 14024: 14022: 14018: 14017: 14015: 14014: 14007: 14000: 13993: 13986: 13979: 13972: 13965: 13957: 13955: 13951: 13950: 13948: 13947: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13918:Arch of Drusus 13915: 13910: 13904: 13902: 13895: 13887: 13886: 13884: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13862: 13860: 13853: 13852: 13850: 13849: 13848: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13775:Janiculum Wall 13772: 13767: 13766: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13745: 13744: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13731:San Sebastiano 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13661:Aurelian Walls 13657: 13655: 13651: 13650: 13643: 13642: 13635: 13628: 13620: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13607: 13595: 13582: 13579: 13578: 13576: 13575: 13570: 13569: 13568: 13563: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13530: 13528: 13524: 13523: 13520: 13519: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13496: 13494: 13485: 13484: 13475: 13469: 13468: 13467: 13464: 13458: 13455: 13446: 13444: 13438: 13437: 13434: 13433: 13431: 13430: 13429: 13428: 13420: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13396: 13391: 13385: 13381:Palace of the 13378: 13376: 13366: 13365: 13363: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13344: 13343: 13342: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13296: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13274: 13269: 13268: 13267: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13247:Lateran Palace 13243: 13236: 13235: 13233: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13211: 13209: 13199: 13198: 13190: 13179: 13176:territoriality 13163: 13162: 13159: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13100: 13098: 13092: 13091: 13089: 13088: 13083: 13077: 13075: 13069: 13068: 13066: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13038:Velletri-Segni 13035: 13029: 13027: 13018: 12997:Ecclesiastical 12993: 12992: 12990: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12973: 12971: 12962: 12953:full communion 12937: 12936: 12933: 12932: 12930: 12929: 12928: 12927: 12917: 12916: 12915: 12905: 12904: 12903: 12896:European Union 12893: 12892: 12891: 12890: 12889: 12877:United Nations 12874: 12869: 12868: 12867: 12857: 12852: 12846: 12844: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12828: 12827: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12810: 12809: 12799: 12788: 12786: 12780: 12779: 12777: 12776: 12775: 12774: 12772:Papal conclave 12764: 12758: 12756: 12750: 12749: 12747: 12746: 12745: 12744: 12739: 12729: 12727:Pietro Parolin 12721: 12712: 12710: 12701: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12662: 12661: 12659:Lateran Treaty 12651: 12646: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12628: 12627: 12625:Temporal power 12617: 12615:Avignon Papacy 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12596: 12595: 12588:Lateran Palace 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12559: 12557: 12551: 12550: 12548: 12547: 12538: 12529: 12505: 12502: 12501: 12494: 12493: 12486: 12479: 12471: 12462: 12461: 12459: 12458: 12446: 12433: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12422:Western Schism 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12383: 12382: 12380:Major Seminary 12372: 12371: 12370: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12349: 12348: 12339:Papal nobility 12335: 12333: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12309: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12292: 12291: 12281: 12271: 12270: 12269: 12264: 12253: 12251: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12212: 12211: 12201: 12196: 12187: 12181: 12179: 12173: 12172: 12170: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12153: 12151: 12150:Transportation 12147: 12146: 12144: 12143: 12138: 12137: 12136: 12126: 12124:Sub-cinctorium 12121: 12120: 12119: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12058: 12056: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12046: 12041: 12040: 12039: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12008: 12007: 11997: 11996: 11995: 11988: 11976: 11975: 11974: 11963: 11961: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11932: 11931: 11921: 11916: 11910: 11908: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11883:Keys of Heaven 11880: 11875: 11870: 11864: 11862: 11856: 11855: 11853: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11810:Bishop of Rome 11807: 11801: 11799: 11787: 11786: 11784: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11762: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11740: 11734: 11733: 11732: 11730:Sistine Chapel 11727: 11717: 11710: 11708: 11704: 11703: 11700: 11699: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11692: 11683: 11682: 11681: 11678:Lateran Treaty 11661: 11659: 11640: 11639: 11638: 11637: 11636: 11635: 11606: 11604: 11601:Full communion 11589: 11583: 11582: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11558: 11557: 11550: 11543: 11535: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11522: 11510: 11497: 11494: 11493: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11340: 11338: 11329: 11328: 11322: 11316: 11310: 11302: 11301:(16th century) 11295: 11293: 11287: 11286: 11284: 11283: 11280: 11277: 11272: 11268: 11266: 11260: 11259: 11256: 11255: 11253: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11195:Ecclesiastical 11192: 11187: 11181: 11179: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11171: 11170: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154:Communications 11151: 11150: 11149: 11141: 11140: 11139: 11129: 11128: 11127: 11117: 11116: 11115: 11107: 11106: 11105: 11095: 11094: 11093: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11070: 11069: 11068: 11063:Evangelization 11059: 11057: 11050: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11042: 11039: 11036: 11033: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11017: 11012: 11006: 11004: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10996: 10993: 10990: 10987: 10984: 10980: 10978: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10970: 10967: 10964: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10935: 10933: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10924: 10923: 10913: 10908: 10902: 10900: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10892: 10889: 10886: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10867: 10865: 10861: 10860: 10858: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10841: 10839: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10829: 10827:Communications 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10752:Evangelization 10748: 10746: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10728: 10725: 10720: 10716: 10710: 10701: 10697: 10696: 10685: 10684: 10677: 10670: 10662: 10653: 10652: 10650: 10649: 10637: 10635:Basilicas list 10631: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10303: 10301: 10295: 10294: 10287: 10285: 10283: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10261: 10259: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10238: 10235: 10234: 10223: 10222: 10215: 10208: 10200: 10191: 10190: 10188: 10187: 10175: 10162: 10159: 10158: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10144: 10138: 10133: 10127: 10125: 10121: 10120: 10117: 10116: 10114: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10097: 10095: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10081: 10079: 10073: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10065: 10060: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10044: 10032: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10005: 10004: 10003: 9992: 9990: 9981: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9969: 9968: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9934:Climate Forest 9931: 9930: 9929: 9919: 9914: 9913: 9912: 9907: 9896: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9880: 9879: 9877: 9876: 9875: 9874: 9869: 9858: 9856: 9855:Infrastructure 9852: 9851: 9849: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9835: 9834: 9827:Poste Vaticane 9824: 9817:Communications 9814: 9809: 9803: 9797: 9791: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9777: 9772: 9766: 9764: 9758: 9757: 9755: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9736: 9735: 9725: 9714: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9702: 9700:Pietro Parolin 9694: 9685: 9683: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9675: 9674: 9669: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9638: 9632: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9598: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9521: 9516: 9515: 9514: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9488: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9444:Pio-Clementino 9441: 9436: 9431: 9425: 9423: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9394:Sistine Chapel 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9365: 9364: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9336: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9288: 9281: 9276: 9270: 9268: 9259: 9257:Major basilica 9246: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9219:Lateran Treaty 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9200: 9199: 9189: 9187:Circus of Nero 9184: 9177: 9171: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9159: 9154: 9153: 9152: 9138: 9137: 9136: 9126: 9121: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9100: 9099: 9092: 9085: 9077: 9068: 9067: 9065: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9053:Giorgio Vasari 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9029: 9027: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9019: 9011: 9003: 8997: 8991: 8985: 8970: 8962: 8956: 8948: 8932: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8870:Girolamo Genga 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8830:Fra Bartolomeo 8827: 8822: 8816: 8814: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8775: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8761: 8760: 8753: 8746: 8738: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8725: 8717: 8716:(collaborator) 8711: 8710:(collaborator) 8705: 8699: 8697: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8689: 8683: 8677: 8671: 8665: 8655: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8628: 8614: 8608: 8602: 8596: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8561: 8555: 8549: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8518: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8502: 8501: 8494: 8487: 8479: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8466: 8465:(collaborator) 8460: 8459:(collaborator) 8454: 8448: 8442: 8436: 8431: 8425: 8423: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8415: 8401: 8387: 8384:Palazzo Mattei 8380: 8378: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8370: 8369:(c. 1601–1605) 8359: 8357: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8349: 8343: 8337: 8331: 8325: 8319: 8313: 8307: 8301: 8294: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8278: 8277: 8270: 8263: 8255: 8246: 8245: 8243: 8242: 8236: 8234: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8226: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8203: 8193: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8144: 8134: 8124: 8118: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8096: 8089: 8088: 8081: 8074: 8066: 8057: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8033:(1990 TV film) 8027: 8016: 8008: 8003: 7995: 7987: 7982: 7975: 7970: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7947:Febo di Poggio 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7896: 7889: 7882: 7875: 7868: 7860: 7858: 7857:Works on paper 7850: 7849: 7839: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7775: 7761: 7759: 7751: 7750: 7740: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7721: 7713: 7711: 7709:Pauline Chapel 7705: 7704: 7702: 7701: 7694: 7693: 7692: 7685: 7678: 7671: 7668:Prophet Isaiah 7664: 7661:Prophet Daniel 7657: 7650: 7643: 7630: 7628: 7622:Sistine Chapel 7618: 7617: 7615: 7614: 7605: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7585: 7578: 7575:The Entombment 7571: 7564: 7556: 7554: 7546: 7545: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7516: 7508: 7501: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7468: 7467: 7464:Medici Madonna 7460: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7424:Medici Chapel 7422: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7383: 7376: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7348: 7341: 7333: 7331: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7308: 7301: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7269: 7262: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7244: 7237: 7233:Standing Cupid 7229: 7222: 7218:Sleeping Cupid 7213: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7202: 7201: 7194: 7191:Saint Proculus 7187: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7156: 7149: 7142: 7138:Head of a Faun 7133: 7131: 7117: 7116: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7077: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7054: 7046: 7045: 7043:Current holder 7040: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7011: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6990: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6969: 6963: 6958: 6952: 6947: 6933: 6932:External links 6930: 6928: 6927: 6915: 6887: 6878: 6872: 6857: 6851: 6836: 6818: 6803: 6789: 6771: 6734: 6700: 6675: 6669: 6656: 6650: 6637: 6631: 6615: 6609: 6592: 6586: 6574:Gardner, Helen 6570: 6532:10.2307/204124 6508: 6482: 6459:10.2307/767006 6442: 6436: 6423: 6386: 6374:10.2307/990755 6357: 6340: 6317:10.2307/988425 6296: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285:, p. 241. 6274: 6248: 6219: 6190: 6161: 6124: 6098: 6068: 6038: 6008: 5989:Kilby, Peter. 5981: 5966: 5962:Maderno's Nave 5950: 5938: 5908: 5875: 5853: 5846: 5820: 5813: 5787: 5769: 5756: 5728: 5717: 5701: 5688: 5675: 5656: 5643: 5629: 5612: 5610:, pp. 6–7 5600: 5579: 5560: 5525: 5503: 5483: 5468: 5437: 5424: 5362: 5332: 5319: 5307: 5284: 5264: 5257: 5239: 5216: 5186: 5165:"Vatican City" 5156: 5126: 5115:on 23 May 2018 5097: 5088: 5070: 5044: 5026: 4995: 4969: 4952:Papal Audience 4939: 4906: 4889:reidsitaly.com 4876: 4863: 4861:, p. 588. 4844: 4804: 4775: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4725: 4721: 2494 BC 4709: 4700: 4658: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4606: 4586: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4394: 4381: 4380:Specifications 4378: 4376: 4375: 4372:Mauro Gambetti 4369: 4368: 4367: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4145:Antonio Correr 4142: 4139: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4049: 4046: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4019: 3995:papal conclave 3982: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3964: 3957: 3955: 3949: 3942: 3940: 3933: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3882: 3867: 3865:Pope Pius VIII 3857: 3844: 3833: 3818: 3799:Charles Edward 3787: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3730: 3711: 3688: 3661: 3654: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3635:Saint Veronica 3633: 3626: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3608: 3603:Saint Longinus 3601: 3594: 3592: 3585: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3563:Saint Veronica 3543:Saint Longinus 3523: 3512: 3501: 3482: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3453:from designer 3441: 3438: 3403: 3402: 3383: 3366: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3102: 3099: 3089: 3086: 3040:of the simple 2973:Circus of Nero 2937:Main article: 2934: 2931: 2885:Cathedra Petri 2865:Main article: 2862: 2859: 2855:Saint Longinus 2841:discovered in 2818:Cathedra Petri 2759:Main article: 2756: 2753: 2716: 2713: 2703: 2700: 2596: 2593: 2528: 2527:Maderno's nave 2525: 2487: 2484: 2453: 2450: 2382: 2379: 2298:Pope Sylvester 2281: 2278: 2272: 2269: 2212: 2209: 2153:Giorgio Vasari 2108: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2069: 2009:1506 medal by 2002: 1999: 1962: 1959: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1881: 1879: 1877:Raphael's plan 1876: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1857: 1832:At this point 1768:Uffizi Gallery 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1726: 1723: 1639:Uffizi Gallery 1630:Pope Julius II 1603:Avignon Papacy 1598: 1595: 1552:Main article: 1529: 1526: 1468:Mons Vaticanus 1453:Circus of Nero 1375:Main article: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1276:Bishop of Rome 1225:St. Mary Major 1208: 1205: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1083:Alexander VIII 1027:Holy Sacrament 898:. Its central 874:View from the 866: 865: 824: 822: 815: 809: 806: 730:Bishop of Rome 720:, chief among 579: 578: 575: 574: 571: 570: 565: 561: 560: 555: 551: 550: 543: 539: 538: 535: 531: 530: 527: 523: 522: 519: 515: 514: 509: 506: 505: 502: 501: 499:Mauro Gambetti 496: 490: 489: 485: 484: 479: 473: 472: 471:Administration 468: 467: 464: 460: 459: 456: 452: 451: 448: 441: 440: 437: 433: 432: 429: 425: 424: 421: 417: 416: 411: 407: 406: 405:Specifications 402: 401: 391: 387: 386: 383: 381:Groundbreaking 377: 376: 367: 361: 360: 358: 357: 294: 292: 286: 285: 281: 280: 277: 271: 270: 265: 259: 258: 253: 249: 248: 244: 243: 236: 232: 231: 226: 220: 219: 214: 207: 206: 201: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 151: 150: 147: 146: 132: 124: 123: 120: 119: 104: 88: 87: 84: 83: 79: 78: 70: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16312: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16207: 16205: 16194:from Wikidata 16193: 16192: 16180: 16176: 16175: 16174:Travel guides 16163: 16159: 16158: 16146: 16142: 16141: 16129: 16128: 16125: 16119: 16111: 16101: 16099: 16094: 16089: 16087: 16077: 16075: 16070: 16065: 16064: 16061: 16048: 16045: 16044: 16042: 16038: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16018: 16016: 16014: 16010: 16004: 16003:Villa Farnese 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15960: 15958: 15956: 15950: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15931: 15928: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15888: 15886: 15884: 15880: 15877: 15873: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15856:Raphael Rooms 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15846: 15842: 15840: 15839: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15827: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15805: 15801: 15800: 15798: 15796: 15792: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15705:Museo di Roma 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15612: 15610: 15608: 15607:art galleries 15602: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15560: 15556: 15552: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15525:Via del Corso 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15500:Piazza Navona 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15452: 15450: 15446: 15442: 15438: 15432: 15431:Spanish Steps 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15421:Milizie Tower 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15401:Capocci Tower 15399: 15397: 15394: 15391: 15387: 15384: 15383: 15381: 15377: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15345:Quattro Fiumi 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15237: 15235: 15231: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15184:Palazzo Spada 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15139:Palazzo Malta 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15099:Palazzo Chigi 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15051: 15049: 15045: 15039: 15038: 15034: 15033: 15031: 15029: 15025: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14953:S. Pudenziana 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14685: 14683: 14681: 14675: 14665: 14664: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14652: 14648: 14646: 14645: 14641: 14640: 14638: 14634: 14628: 14627: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14550: 14549:Casal Rotondo 14546: 14545: 14543: 14539: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14527: 14523: 14522: 14520: 14516: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14499: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14484: 14482: 14478: 14472: 14471: 14468:Villa of the 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14458: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14446: 14442: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14424: 14420: 14418: 14417: 14413: 14411: 14410: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14401: 14396: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14363: 14362: 14358: 14357: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14337: 14335: 14333:Entertainment 14331: 14325: 14324: 14320: 14318: 14317: 14313: 14311: 14310: 14306: 14304: 14303: 14299: 14297: 14296: 14292: 14290: 14289: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14267: 14263: 14261: 14260: 14256: 14255: 14253: 14249: 14243: 14242: 14238: 14236: 14235: 14234:Forum Boarium 14231: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14203: 14202: 14201:Imperial fora 14199: 14197: 14194: 14193: 14191: 14187: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14165: 14161: 14157: 14154: 14153: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14091: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14080: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14068:Baths of Nero 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14050: 14048: 14044: 14038: 14037: 14033: 14031: 14030: 14029:Cloaca Maxima 14026: 14025: 14023: 14019: 14013: 14012: 14008: 14006: 14005: 14001: 13999: 13998: 13994: 13992: 13991: 13987: 13985: 13984: 13980: 13978: 13977: 13973: 13971: 13970: 13966: 13964: 13963: 13959: 13958: 13956: 13952: 13946: 13945: 13941: 13939: 13938:Arch of Titus 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13928:Arch of Janus 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13905: 13903: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891:Ancient Roman 13888: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13863: 13861: 13859: 13854: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13840:Querquetulana 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13792: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13764: 13763:Santo Spirito 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13750: 13749: 13746: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13716:San Pancrazio 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13663: 13662: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13652: 13648: 13641: 13636: 13634: 13629: 13627: 13622: 13621: 13618: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13594: 13584: 13583: 13580: 13574: 13571: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13558: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13551:Peter's Pence 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13536: 13532: 13531: 13529: 13525: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13497: 13495: 13489: 13483: 13479: 13478:Vatican Radio 13476: 13474: 13470: 13465: 13463: 13459: 13456: 13453: 13452: 13451: 13448: 13447: 13445: 13439: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13421: 13419: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13386: 13384: 13383:Holy Apostles 13380: 13379: 13377: 13371: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13345: 13341: 13338: 13337: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13249: 13248: 13245: 13244: 13241: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13204: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13183: 13180: 13177: 13168: 13164: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13109:Anagni-Alatri 13107: 13105: 13102: 13101: 13099: 13097: 13093: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13074: 13070: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13030: 13028: 13026: 13022: 13019: 13015: 13010: 13006: 13000: 12994: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12974: 12972: 12970: 12966: 12963: 12959: 12958:Papal primacy 12954: 12950: 12944: 12938: 12926: 12923: 12922: 12921: 12918: 12914: 12911: 12910: 12909: 12906: 12902: 12899: 12898: 12897: 12894: 12888: 12885: 12884: 12883: 12880: 12879: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12866: 12863: 12862: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12837: 12833: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12819:Congregations 12817: 12815: 12812: 12808: 12805: 12804: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12794: 12793: 12790: 12789: 12787: 12785: 12781: 12773: 12770: 12769: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12759: 12757: 12755: 12751: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12709: 12705: 12702: 12698: 12693: 12690:international 12684: 12678: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12660: 12657: 12656: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12644: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12626: 12623: 12622: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12600:Duchy of Rome 12598: 12594: 12591: 12590: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12563:Apostolic see 12561: 12560: 12558: 12556: 12552: 12546: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12524: 12520: 12517: 12513: 12512:episcopal see 12510: 12507: 12506: 12503: 12499: 12492: 12487: 12485: 12480: 12478: 12473: 12472: 12469: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12445: 12435: 12434: 12431: 12423: 12420: 12419: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12381: 12378: 12377: 12376: 12373: 12369: 12366: 12365: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12346: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12330: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12301:Congregations 12299: 12297: 12294: 12290: 12287: 12286: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12276: 12275: 12272: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12258: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12248: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12210: 12207: 12206: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12182: 12180: 12178: 12174: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12154: 12152: 12148: 12142: 12139: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12118: 12115: 12114: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12059: 12057: 12055: 12051: 12045: 12042: 12038: 12035: 12034: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12006: 12003: 12002: 12001: 11998: 11994: 11993: 11989: 11986: 11982: 11981: 11980: 11977: 11973: 11970: 11969: 11968: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11958: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11930: 11927: 11926: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11914:Infallibility 11912: 11911: 11909: 11907:Proclamations 11905: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11868:Coats of arms 11866: 11865: 11863: 11861: 11857: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11792: 11788: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11759: 11755: 11748: 11744: 11741: 11738: 11735: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11722: 11721: 11718: 11715: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11705: 11691: 11688: 11684: 11679: 11676: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11666: 11663: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11653: 11648: 11644: 11634: 11631: 11630: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11624: 11620: 11616: 11615: 11612: 11608: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11597: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11584: 11580: 11576: 11572: 11567: 11563: 11556: 11551: 11549: 11544: 11542: 11537: 11536: 11533: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11509: 11499: 11498: 11495: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11449: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11372: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11341: 11339: 11333: 11326: 11323: 11320: 11317: 11314: 11311: 11308: 11307: 11303: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11288: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11270: 11269: 11267: 11265: 11261: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11182: 11180: 11176: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158:Vatican Press 11157: 11156: 11155: 11152: 11147: 11146: 11145: 11142: 11138: 11135: 11134: 11133: 11130: 11126: 11123: 11122: 11121: 11118: 11113: 11112: 11111: 11108: 11104: 11101: 11100: 11099: 11096: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11071: 11066: 11065: 11064: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11054: 11051: 11047: 11040: 11037: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11001: 10994: 10991: 10988: 10985: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10975: 10968: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10930: 10922: 10919: 10918: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10903: 10901: 10897: 10890: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10868: 10866: 10862: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10834: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10741: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10718: 10717: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10705: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10683: 10678: 10676: 10671: 10669: 10664: 10663: 10660: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10629: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10557:S. Pudenziana 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10296: 10291: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10258: 10254: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10239: 10236: 10232: 10228: 10221: 10216: 10214: 10209: 10207: 10202: 10201: 10198: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10174: 10164: 10163: 10160: 10154: 10151: 10148: 10145: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10122: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10092: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10074: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10049: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10038: 10037: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10018:Vatican Radio 10016: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10008:Vatican Media 10006: 10002: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9928: 9925: 9924: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9885: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9853: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9804: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9792: 9782: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9767: 9765: 9763: 9759: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9745:Congregations 9743: 9741: 9738: 9734: 9731: 9730: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9720: 9719: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9707: 9701: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9680: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9657:Vicar General 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9633: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9582: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9526: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9497:Casina Pio IV 9495: 9493: 9490: 9489: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9464:Pio Cristiano 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9410: 9409:Room of Tears 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9374:Raphael Rooms 9372: 9370: 9367: 9363: 9362: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9329: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9286: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9229:Borgo Vecchio 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9182: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9164: 9158: 9155: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9142: 9139: 9135: 9132: 9131: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9098: 9093: 9091: 9086: 9084: 9079: 9078: 9075: 9061: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9024: 9017: 9016: 9012: 9009: 9008: 9004: 9001: 9000:Raphael Rooms 8998: 8995: 8992: 8989: 8986: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8963: 8960: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8949: 8939: 8938: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8927: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8915:Palma Vecchio 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8875:Lorenzo Lotto 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8850:Giulio Clovio 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8813:Other artists 8811: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8759: 8754: 8752: 8747: 8745: 8740: 8739: 8736: 8723: 8722: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8709: 8708:Carlo Maderno 8706: 8704: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8694: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8678: 8675: 8672: 8669: 8666: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8605:Palazzo Spada 8603: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8589:Carlo Maderna 8586: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8576: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8559: 8556: 8553: 8550: 8547: 8544: 8541: 8538: 8535: 8532: 8529: 8526: 8523: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8511: 8507: 8500: 8495: 8493: 8488: 8486: 8481: 8480: 8477: 8464: 8461: 8458: 8455: 8452: 8449: 8446: 8443: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8420: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8375: 8368: 8364: 8363:Cerasi Chapel 8361: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8347: 8344: 8341: 8338: 8335: 8332: 8329: 8326: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8310:Santa Susanna 8308: 8305: 8302: 8299: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8287: 8283: 8282:Carlo Maderno 8276: 8271: 8269: 8264: 8262: 8257: 8256: 8253: 8241: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8231: 8224: 8220: 8219: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8208: 8201: 8197: 8194: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8177: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8152: 8148: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8135: 8132: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8087: 8082: 8080: 8075: 8073: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 8001: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7844: 7840: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7780: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7745: 7741: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7700: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7690: 7689:Prophet Jonah 7686: 7684: 7683: 7679: 7677: 7676: 7672: 7670: 7669: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7651: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7612: 7611: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7598: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7572: 7570: 7569: 7565: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7540: 7536: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7480:Crouching Boy 7477: 7475: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7445: 7444: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7377: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7366:Bearded Slave 7363: 7361: 7360: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7347: 7346: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7313: 7312:Saint Matthew 7309: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7300: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7122: 7118: 7111: 7107: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7093:List of works 7090: 7089: 7086: 7082: 7075: 7070: 7068: 7063: 7061: 7056: 7055: 7052: 7044: 7033: 7032: 7021: 7017: 7016:Torre Eurosky 7004: 7003: 6992: 6987: 6984: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6941: 6936: 6935: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6865: 6864: 6858: 6854: 6848: 6844: 6843: 6837: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6735: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6701: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6662: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6514: 6509: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6439: 6437:9789662154535 6433: 6429: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6358: 6354: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6297: 6284: 6278: 6262: 6258: 6252: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6195: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6146: 6139: 6138: 6131: 6129: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6102: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6042: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6012: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5948:, p. 131 5947: 5942: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5912: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5880: 5870: 5866: 5865: 5857: 5849: 5847:0-15-503769-2 5843: 5839: 5834: 5833: 5824: 5816: 5814:0-15-503769-2 5810: 5806: 5801: 5800: 5791: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5767:, p. 458 5766: 5760: 5754: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5726: 5721: 5715:, p. 586 5714: 5713:Fletcher 1921 5708: 5706: 5699:, p. 586 5698: 5697:Fletcher 1921 5692: 5686:, p. 586 5685: 5684:Fletcher 1921 5679: 5671: 5667: 5660: 5654:, p. 458 5653: 5647: 5641: 5636: 5634: 5626: 5622: 5621:Johann Tetzel 5616: 5609: 5604: 5597: 5596:0-19-288003-9 5593: 5589: 5583: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5529: 5522: 5510: 5506: 5504:9780520021815 5500: 5496: 5495: 5487: 5479: 5472: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5336: 5329: 5323: 5317:, p. 118 5316: 5311: 5303: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5268: 5260: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5235: 5234: 5228: 5220: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5160: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5101: 5092: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5014: 5010: 5006: 4999: 4993: 4992:Fletcher 1921 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4927: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4910: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4874:, p. 12. 4873: 4867: 4860: 4859:Fletcher 1921 4856: 4851: 4849: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4780: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4729: 4713: 4704: 4688: 4684: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4582: 4576: 4572: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4373: 4370: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4337:Paolo Marella 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4085:Stefano Conti 4083: 4080: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4050: 4047: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4004: 3996: 3992: 3989:Cardinals at 3987: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3961: 3956: 3953: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3918: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3807:Neo-Classical 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3760:Carlo Fontana 3757: 3753: 3752: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3636: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3582: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3522:. (See above) 3521: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3437: 3433: 3426: 3419: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3391:Vico Consorti 3388: 3384: 3381: 3380:Giacomo Manzù 3377: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3001: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2981:Pope Sixtus V 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2945: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2920:Andrea Sacchi 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2886: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2708: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2688:Postmodernism 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2538: 2533: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2465: 2463: 2458: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2387: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2366: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2318:Carlo Maderno 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2286: 2277: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2161:Pope Sixtus V 2158: 2155:appointed by 2154: 2150: 2144: 2142: 2141:hemispherical 2138: 2134: 2125: 2118: 2113: 2097: 2092: 2085: 2080: 2073: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2012: 2007: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1958: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1944:Vatican State 1941: 1937: 1936:Carlo Maderno 1932: 1930: 1929:Helen Gardner 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1885: 1880: 1873: 1868: 1861: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843:Giulio Romano 1838: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1747:Johann Tetzel 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1722: 1721:(1644–1655). 1720: 1716: 1713:(1621–1623), 1712: 1709:(1605–1621), 1708: 1704: 1701:(1592–1605), 1700: 1696: 1693:(1590–1591), 1692: 1688: 1685:(1585–1590), 1684: 1681:(1572–1585), 1680: 1676: 1673:(1559–1565), 1672: 1669:(1555–1559), 1668: 1664: 1661:(1550–1555), 1660: 1657:(1534–1549), 1656: 1653:(1523–1534), 1652: 1649:(1522–1523), 1648: 1645:(1513–1521), 1644: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1555: 1547: 1542: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1518:Pope Pius XII 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1438:Roman Emperor 1435: 1430: 1428: 1427:Matthew 16:18 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:mother church 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1201: 1196: 1190: 1183: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079:Alexander VII 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:Innocent VIII 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1015:Saint Erasmus 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 975:Saint Gregory 972: 968: 964: 958: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 939:largest domes 936: 932: 928: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 890:and near the 889: 881: 877: 872: 862: 859: 851: 841: 837: 831: 830: 825:This section 823: 819: 814: 813: 805: 803: 802: 797: 796: 791: 790: 785: 780: 778: 775:and Catholic 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 749: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 714: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 687:mother church 684: 680: 676: 672: 671:Carlo Maderno 668: 664: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 630: 626: 622: 619: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 595:), or simply 594: 590: 586: 576: 572: 569: 566: 562: 559: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 537:i, ii, iv, vi 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 518:Official name 516: 512: 507: 503: 500: 497: 495: 491: 486: 483: 480: 478: 474: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 412: 408: 403: 392: 388: 385:18 April 1506 384: 382: 378: 375: 371: 368: 366: 362: 355: 351: 347: 346:Carlo Maderno 343: 342:Pirro Ligorio 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 296: 295: 293: 291: 287: 282: 278: 276: 272: 269: 266: 264: 260: 257: 254: 250: 245: 241: 237: 233: 230: 227: 225: 221: 218: 215: 212: 208: 205: 202: 200: 196: 193: 190: 186: 181: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 130: 125: 116: 109: 105: 101: 94: 90: 89: 85: 80: 75: 69: 65: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 16189: 16172: 16155: 16143:from Commons 16138: 16117: 16098:Architecture 16086:Vatican City 16047:Vatican City 15998:Villa d'Este 15988:Ostia Antica 15968:Capo di Bove 15934:Tiber Island 15843: 15836: 15824: 15802: 15585:Villa Medici 15426:Sisto Bridge 15396:Campo Verano 15300:del Pantheon 15245:Acqua Felice 15224:Villa Madama 15219:Villa Giulia 15169:Palazzo Poli 15035: 14933:S. Pancrazio 14818:S. Eustachio 14798:S. Crisogono 14748:Ss. Apostoli 14702: 14661: 14657:Ponte Milvio 14649: 14644:Pons Cestius 14642: 14624: 14547: 14524: 14469: 14455: 14443: 14421: 14414: 14407: 14399: 14398:Palaces and 14361:Ludus Magnus 14359: 14321: 14314: 14307: 14300: 14293: 14286: 14264: 14257: 14239: 14232: 14162: 14088: 14046:Public baths 14034: 14027: 14009: 14002: 13995: 13990:Aqua Claudia 13988: 13981: 13974: 13967: 13960: 13942: 13795:Caelimontana 13790:Servian Wall 13780:Terreus Wall 13753:Cavalleggeri 13748:Leonine Wall 13726:San Giovanni 13533: 13355:Beda College 13257:Scala Sancta 13214: 13081:Montecassino 13014:Vatican City 12697:Legal status 12666:World War II 12654:Vatican City 12649:Savoyard era 12620:Papal States 12536:Vatican City 12167:Shepherd One 12027:Inauguration 11992:Urbi et Orbi 11990: 11805:His Holiness 11770: 11714:Vatican City 11707:Headquarters 11647:Vatican City 11609: 11587:Jurisdiction 11447: 11370: 11304: 11028:Disciplinary 11023:Swiss Guards 10537:S. Pancrazio 10417:S. Eustachio 10397:S. Crisogono 10347:Ss. Apostoli 10269: 10136:Cricket team 10106:Coat of arms 10055: 10046: 10039: 10013:Vatican News 9939:Demographics 9917:Architecture 9905:AT telescope 9622:Vatican Hill 9560: 9469:Ethnographic 9359: 9283: 9265: 9204:Leonine City 9104:Vatican City 9057: 9048:Leonardeschi 9013: 9005: 8987: 8972: 8964: 8950: 8935: 8789:Michelangelo 8719: 8667: 8595:, 1627–1633) 8513:Churches and 8414:, 1627–1633) 8327: 8289:Churches and 8222: 8216: 8146: 8030: 8022:(1961 novel, 8019: 8011: 7999: 7991: 7990:Replicas of 7977: 7898: 7891: 7884: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7803: 7765:New Sacristy 7748:Architecture 7723: 7716: 7696: 7687: 7682:Prophet Joel 7680: 7673: 7666: 7659: 7652: 7645: 7638: 7608: 7587: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7518: 7510: 7503: 7496: 7478: 7471: 7462: 7455: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7427: 7417: 7399: 7392: 7385: 7378: 7371: 7364: 7357: 7350: 7343: 7336: 7310: 7305:Taddei Tondo 7303: 7296: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7278:Saints Peter 7277: 7264: 7257: 7239: 7231: 7224: 7216: 7196: 7189: 7182: 7158: 7151: 7144: 7136: 7098:✻ attributed 7091: 7081:Michelangelo 7042: 7035:1626–present 7031:Tallest dome 7029: 7000: 6982: 6945:(in Italian) 6923:the original 6907:. Retrieved 6903:the original 6894: 6883:Architectura 6882: 6862: 6841: 6828:. Retrieved 6808: 6779: 6742: 6738: 6726:. Retrieved 6708: 6692:. Retrieved 6683: 6660: 6641: 6622: 6599:Michelangelo 6598: 6577: 6559:. Retrieved 6523: 6519: 6500:. Retrieved 6490: 6453:(1): 16–26. 6450: 6446: 6427: 6394: 6390: 6365: 6361: 6350: 6308: 6304: 6293:Bibliography 6277: 6265:. Retrieved 6251: 6239:. Retrieved 6210:. Retrieved 6181:. Retrieved 6152:. Retrieved 6136: 6113: 6108: 6101: 6089:. Retrieved 6080: 6071: 6059:. Retrieved 6050: 6041: 6029:. Retrieved 6020: 6011: 5999:. Retrieved 5984: 5975: 5969: 5953: 5941: 5929:. Retrieved 5911: 5899:. Retrieved 5890: 5863: 5856: 5831: 5823: 5798: 5790: 5782: 5759: 5720: 5691: 5678: 5665: 5659: 5646: 5624: 5615: 5603: 5587: 5582: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5551:. Retrieved 5542: 5538: 5528: 5520: 5513:. Retrieved 5493: 5486: 5477: 5471: 5459:. Retrieved 5455:the original 5450: 5440: 5432: 5427: 5353:. Retrieved 5344: 5335: 5322: 5310: 5302:Google Books 5300:– via 5294:. Retrieved 5274: 5267: 5248: 5242: 5231: 5219: 5207:. Retrieved 5203:the original 5198: 5189: 5177:. Retrieved 5168: 5159: 5147:. Retrieved 5143:the original 5138: 5129: 5117:. Retrieved 5113:the original 5107: 5100: 5091: 5082: 5073: 5061:. Retrieved 5047: 5017:. Retrieved 5008: 4998: 4960:. Retrieved 4956:the original 4951: 4948:"Papal Mass" 4942: 4930:. Retrieved 4920: 4909: 4897:. Retrieved 4888: 4879: 4866: 4795:. Retrieved 4768:12 September 4766:. Retrieved 4762:the original 4757: 4748: 4728: 4712: 4703: 4690:. Retrieved 4686: 4661: 4648: 4639: 4630: 4609: 4594:Benedict XVI 4589: 4575: 4349:Virgilio Noè 4277:Mario Mattei 4169:Pietro Barbo 4151:Lucido Conti 4014:Pope Francis 4000: 3973:Michelangelo 3967: 3878: 3875:Saint Joseph 3871:Saint Thomas 3851: 3848:Choir Chapel 3847: 3821: 3795:James Stuart 3737: 3719:Gregory XIII 3714: 3704:Holy Trinity 3695: 3691: 3680: 3650: 3634: 3619:Saint Andrew 3618: 3602: 3587:Saint Helena 3586: 3565:holding her 3551:Saint Andrew 3545:holding the 3539:Andrea Bolgi 3529:holding the 3527:Saint Helena 3504: 3494:Pope Pius VI 3470: 3435: 3429: 3422: 3415: 3408: 3404: 3387:Jubilee year 3373: 3257: 3179:850 kg 3165:280 kg 3151:260 kg 3123:Urbi et Orbi 3118: 3114: 3104: 3091: 3074: 3046: 3042:Tuscan Order 3034: 3006: 2952: 2950: 2924: 2883: 2881: 2876: 2854: 2851:Saint Andrew 2823: 2816: 2813: 2784: 2771: 2764: 2740: 2718: 2661: 2639:, Austria), 2598: 2582: 2550: 2542: 2514: 2503: 2489: 2473: 2466: 2455: 2441: 2438: 2424: 2392: 2367: 2351: 2329:or building 2326: 2291: 2274: 2263: 2259: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2225:Clement VIII 2214: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2173: 2145: 2130: 2055: 2050:Brunelleschi 2043: 2028: 2016: 1987:Hagia Sophia 1975:Ancient Rome 1964: 1938:. It is the 1933: 1925: 1905:Brunelleschi 1900:Michelangelo 1898: 1839: 1831: 1819: 1810:Fra Giocondo 1803: 1796: 1765: 1757:Architecture 1728: 1699:Clement VIII 1679:Gregory XIII 1663:Marcellus II 1634:Michelangelo 1628: 1600: 1590: 1557: 1501:Callixtus II 1497:Clement VIII 1493: 1484:Vatican City 1481: 1472:Via Cornelia 1465: 1431: 1414: 1396: 1340: 1297: 1256:Vatican City 1253: 1210: 1198:Panorama of 1177: 1172: 1158: 1155:Michelangelo 1151: 1146: 1142: 1123:Innocent XII 1115:Gregory XIII 1103:Benedict XIV 1099:Clement XIII 995:Sacred Heart 991:Saint Thomas 987:Saint Joseph 959: 955: 924: 885: 854: 845: 834:Please help 829:verification 826: 799: 793: 787: 781: 755:and for its 750: 745: 715: 667:Michelangelo 660: 625:Vatican City 596: 584: 582: 521:Vatican City 290:Architect(s) 284:Architecture 217:Latin Church 199:Denomination 192:Vatican City 68: 46: 37:This is the 31: 16074:Catholicism 15883:Seven Hills 15605:Museums and 15411:Conti Tower 15265:Il Facchino 15250:Acqua Paola 14948:S. Prassede 14788:S. Clemente 14718:S. Agostino 14470:sette bassi 14416:Domus Aurea 14302:Curia Julia 14196:Roman Forum 14011:Aqua Tepula 14004:Aqua Marcia 13944:Arcus Novus 13785:Romuli Wall 13573:Swiss Guard 13320:Palazzo Pio 12824:Dicasteries 12802:Commissions 12792:Roman Curia 12671:Warsaw Pact 12387:Swiss Guard 12306:Dicasteries 12284:Commissions 12274:Roman Curia 12194:Swiss Guard 11967:Arbitration 11796:Papal names 11685:along with 11337:dicasteries 11215:Archaeology 10744:Dicasteries 10700:Secretariat 10689:Roman Curia 10552:S. Prassede 10387:S. Clemente 10317:S. Agostino 9910:observatory 9775:Swiss Guard 9750:Dicasteries 9728:Commissions 9718:Roman Curia 9449:Chiaramonti 9389:Scala Regia 9301:Papal tombs 9224:Borgo Nuovo 9197:Papal tombs 9018:(1536–1541) 9010:(1516–1520) 9002:(1509–1524) 8996:(1508–1512) 8990:(1506–1513) 8969:(1501–1504) 8955:(1498–1499) 8929:Major works 8724:(2015 film) 8721:La Sapienza 8645:Other works 8560:(1642–1660) 8542:(1643–1655) 8536:(1637–1651) 8386:(1598–1618) 8342:(1605–1620) 8223:attribution 8221:(c. 1490) ( 8192:(1504–1505) 8171:(1504–1513) 7373:Atlas Slave 7359:Young Slave 7352:Dying Slave 7330:, 1505–1545 7298:Pitti Tondo 6966:Google Maps 6909:30 December 6694:20 February 6661:Hidden Rome 6561:6 September 6502:22 February 6368:(1): 5–25. 6311:(1): 3–32. 6283:Scotti 2007 6241:20 February 6091:22 February 6031:22 December 5461:25 December 5433:Hidden Rome 5199:St. Peter's 5063:22 December 5019:14 February 4962:28 February 4899:22 February 4723:– 2345 BC). 4261:(1817–1820) 4255:(1807–1817) 4249:(1751–1807) 4243:(1712–1751) 4237:(1704–1708) 4231:(1667–1704) 4225:(1633–1667) 4219:(1620–1633) 4210:(1543–1589) 4204:(1530–1543) 4192:(1501–1520) 4180:(1470–1501) 4171:(1445–1464) 4165:(1439–1444) 4159:(1434–1438) 4153:(1429–1434) 4147:(1420–1429) 4135:(1404–1408) 4114:(1342–1350) 4108:(1306–1342) 4102:(1278–1305) 4096:(1276–1277) 4087:(1229–1254) 4072: 1191 4056: 1140 4043: 1131 4039: 1128 4003:archpriests 3938:, 1671–1678 3837:Pope Pius X 3772:Lamb of God 3764:sarcophagus 3749:South aisle 3727:Gregory XIV 3725:(1723) and 3644:North aisle 3363:Cornacchini 3359:Charlemagne 3304:Catholicism 3148:Campanella 3062:River Tiber 3052:, built by 3038:entablature 2994:Palm Sunday 2977:crucifixion 2767:baldacchino 2741:baldacchino 2633:Karlskirche 2623:'s dome at 2500:Cornacchini 2481:The narthex 2375:Palm Sunday 2347:Latin Cross 2343:Greek Cross 2294:Pope Paul V 2221:Gregory XIV 2157:Pope Pius V 1995:Christendom 1954:giant order 1917:Latin Cross 1909:Greek Cross 1776:Greek Cross 1739:Roman Curia 1731:indulgences 1695:Innocent IX 1691:Gregory XIV 1651:Clement VII 1624:Latin cross 1503:(1123) and 1499:(1594) to 1489:Saint Peter 1470:across the 1399:crucifixion 1336:Holy Spirit 1111:Gregory XIV 1107:Gregory XVI 1067:Innocent XI 1047:Benedict XV 1023:Saint Basil 935:Latin cross 912:giant order 718:Saint Peter 711:Christendom 679:Renaissance 623:located in 607:; Italian: 370:Renaissance 275:Consecrated 268:Saint Peter 175: / 16204:Categories 15901:Capitoline 15545:Via Veneto 15455:Appian Way 15355:Tartarughe 14813:S. Eugenio 14753:S. Balbina 14323:Tabularium 13997:Aqua Julia 13962:Aqua Appia 13820:Fontinalis 13736:Settimiana 13556:Roman Rota 13454:Papal farm 13387:Palace of 13279:Hill area 13167:Properties 13053:Palestrina 12925:Concordats 12784:Government 12754:Governance 12241:Theologian 12185:Camerlengo 12157:Popemobile 12017:Consistory 12012:Coronation 11985:Pontifical 11972:Deposition 11960:Activities 11936:Encyclical 11898:Umbraculum 11571:Episcopate 11190:Alphonsian 10932:Institutes 10855:Roman Rota 10412:S. Eugenio 10352:S. Balbina 9779:See also: 9710:Government 9682:Governance 9429:Historical 9399:altarpiece 9384:Sala Regia 9134:Properties 8025:1965 film) 7582:Doni Tondo 7124:Florence, 7114:Sculptures 6830:19 October 5931:9 February 5901:8 December 5640:Hartt 2006 5608:Betts 1993 5345:New Advent 5326:Based on " 5315:Rasch 1985 5296:28 October 5195:"The Nave" 4740:References 4500:Silhouette 4184:Juan López 4074: – c. 4041: – c. 3809:design by 3606:by Bernini 3535:Holy Nails 3531:True Cross 3294:, wife of 3218:Campanone 3162:Ave Maria 3140:Date cast 2908:Athanasius 2839:True Cross 2694:, and the 2589:balustrade 2561:holy water 2508:(1670) by 2462:Corinthian 2457:Pope Urban 2395:travertine 2358:sacristies 2233:St. Andrew 2229:True Cross 2211:Completion 2201:Classicism 2163:appointed 1792:Michelozzo 1719:Innocent X 1715:Urban VIII 1711:Gregory XV 1659:Julius III 1425:, and see 1397:After the 1091:Urban VIII 1051:John XXIII 971:Clementine 963:Baptistery 908:colonnades 848:April 2017 757:liturgical 753:pilgrimage 742:high altar 629:microstate 545:1984 (8th 542:Designated 494:Archpriest 397:1626-11-18 263:Dedication 229:Roman Rite 163:12°27′12″E 160:41°54′08″N 15906:Esquiline 15875:Landscape 15570:Villa Ada 15540:Via Sacra 15285:Navicella 15260:Barcaccia 15233:Fountains 15018:S. 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