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known to always use a female at the centre of their ceremonies", and his churchwarden ascribed the damage to "some kind of devil worship". Similarly, police reportedly stated that, as animal sacrifice was commonly described in accounts of satanic rites, the cockerel was possibly "sacrificial", and the crosses were possibly painted with animal blood (although on this point Barker disagreed, thinking them more likely to be simply red paint). Author and researcher Bill Ellis, writing some years later, opined that the police's idea of a "sacrificial cockerel" had been derived from a scene in
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to the top of the tower and observe the view. Currently the tower tours run daily at 10am and 2pm. Visitors may need to telephone ahead (there is a number to call at the site of the church) as the tours are run by volunteers. Further planned work will then include building a heritage centre next to the church building. The total cost of completing the project is stated to be £225,000, of which £75,000 is to be contributed by
English Heritage and £100,000 by Heritage at Risk. The remaining balance of £50,000, to be used for the stabilisation and restoration, is to be funded by
518:, at a cost of £123. This was one of several removals from the old church that were performed as reaction to the theft of the lead from its roof the year before. The cross-beam from its roof, which Page in 1908 had described as "enriched with a vine pattern of sixteenth-century character" was moved to a new memorial Chapel of St Alban in the new building, which was consecrated on 17 June 1958 by the bishop who was then the Archbishop in Jerusalem (now the
456:
507:. The nave was exactly 60 feet (18 m) long and 25 feet 6 inches (7.77 m) wide, with the aisle 12 feet 6 inches (3.81 m) wide. It had a gallery at the west end, an open tower that allowed a view of the west end window, and open uniform pews in the nave and aisle to accommodate 530 people. In total, with the exception of the south aisle and the sandstone that were donated by the then parish rector J. Mendham and
130:
383:, who described "desolate Clophill" with a "wilderness of desecrated and looted tombs, symbols of the revival of black magic in the twentieth century", and recommended that people visit it for a "truly Gothic experience". Leslie Barker retired in 1969, and reported that since the first incidents in 1963 there had been numerous instances of graves being broken into "and some sort of rite performed".
76:, offering views over the surrounding countryside. Its graveyard is a haven for wild flowers and wildlife. After the church moved to the village centre, incorporating various items from the old church building, the old building was converted for use as a mortuary chapel, but in the 1950s it fell into ruin.
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agreed to fund restoration work on the church. The work, which was scheduled to start in 2013, has now been completed to include the stabilising of the ruin and putting in a gravel pathway inside the church; and restoring a spiral staircase and providing a viewing platform to allow visitors to climb
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at that time, Rev. Leslie Barker, reported that six graves of females had been tampered with before the stone slab above a seventh, that of Jenny
Humberstone who had died in 1770 aged 22, had been dislodged and the coffin broken open. Barker, speaking to the press, stated that "Satan worshippers are
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The remains of Jenny
Humberstone were reinterred on 23 March, but the incident was not to be an isolated one, thanks to the newspaper publicity. Her grave was desecrated again on two occasions before 2 April, and the church had become a night-time attraction for local teenagers. Humberstone's grave
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On 16 March 1963, in a street in
Clophill, a local couple saw two Luton youths playing with a human skull. The youths claimed that they had taken it from inside St Mary's, where they had discovered it stuck on a broken piece of window frame that had been jammed into a wall. On the floor were a
272:, writing in 1908, dated the two-light windows of the belfry, the two-light west window, and the tower arch to the 15th century, and noted that the nave walls are older than the tower. Improvements were made in the early 19th century, with a west gallery added in 1814 and a new east end to the
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In 1854 the remains of the original church consisted of little more than the nave and tower. The chancel and the galleries had been removed in its conversion for use as a chapel, and several items (including the lych gate and two of the bells) had been transferred to the new building.
268:, first listed in 1961 and formerly called The Old Parish Church, but later re-listed under the name The Church of St Mary The Virgin. It was probably built c. 1350. It was built in the Perpendicular style, the fabric being mostly of coarse ironstone rubble with ashlar dressings.
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in 1819. By the 1820s the church's seating capacity had become insufficient. Plans to enlarge it came to naught partly as a consequence of the rector falling ill. He died in 1843, and a new rector was appointed, who wanted to relocate the church to the village centre.
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who admitted to having visited the church in 1961 with a group of students, i.e. two years before the March 1963 incident at
Clophill that saw the disinterment of Jenny Humberstone's bones. They had killed a cockerel, spread its feathers and blood around, and drawn a
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on a regional walking trail. Those plans proved too expensive for the council; instead, in 2012 a new project was announced, which included stabilising the existing ruin and providing a viewing platform on the top of the tower, besides building a
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in 1774. A third bell, bearing only the initials "R.C.", was left behind in the old building. The parish church was officially transferred to the new building from what was then named the Church of St Mary in
September 1850.
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So instead, a new church was built (1848–1849) and the old one used, for a while, as a mortuary chapel for the graveyard, which remained in use. One of those uses, apparently, was extraordinary: according to the 1908
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in 1854 described it as "a poor, small church on top of a very high hill, having only a nave and tower, the chancel having been destroyed and the church is now wholly abandoned". In 1898, the church was described in
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was resealed but was reopened on the night of the following full moon, and there was a run on books about magic at Luton
Central Library. The discovery of the heads of six cows and a horse in Bluebell Wood,
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In the 1960s the church became a focus of media attention after a widely reported incident of graveyard desecration was followed by a series of similar incidents, both at
Clophill and across Britain.
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The desecration of St Mary's in 1963 was followed by a spate of similar newspaper reports of "black magic rites" in churches in 1963 and 1964, including reports of a series of desecrations in
103:. In 2010 Central Bedfordshire Council, prompted by local activists concerned with the condition of the church, announced it would attempt to restore the Old Church and adopt it for use as a
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526:, a new choir vestry, a new credence table, and a new prayer desk. The altar rail in the new chapel was made from new oak and an 18th-century staircase taken from old church.
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walk, with a full-time warden on site. However, there were concerns that the
Council would not be able to afford the £75,000 that it would have to spend on such a project.
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and leg bones laid "in the pattern used for the Black Mass", as it was described in newspaper reports of police statements. Scattered cockerel feathers and tracings of two
72:) and known colloquially as Old St Mary's or The Old Parish Church, is at the edge of the village, and is estimated to be around 650 years old. It sits at the crest of the
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for
Bedfordshire, which said it "contains several interesting memorial tablets to the Rev. Charles Fletcher M.A., 1753, the Rev. William Pierce Nethersole, vicar of
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Stories about St Mary's, and about Clophill in general, continued. The church and the reputation that it had gained from the incident were mentioned in a
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Central Bedfordshire Council (then Bedfordshire County Council) acquired the old church in 1977. The site continued to suffer from vandalism, as well as
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was discovered in the roof of the new church. Chrystal & West, another firm of Bedford architects, drew up plans to remove the existing roof and
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as "a huge joke" that "doesn't seem so funny now". Notably, these particular students didn't admit to opening any graves or exhuming any human bones.
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522:). John Gedge, architect, of Bedford, drew up the plans for this new chapel, which involved reorienting the organ, as well as a new altar and
423:, under Council ownership. In 2010, local activism led to plans for the church to acquire a new function. It was proposed to convert it into a
306:, 1799, and another to members of the family of the Rev. Ezekiel Rouse: the roof is of ancient oak. The register dates from the year 1568".
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Repairs were made in 1901, which ironically prevented Page (in 1908) from being able to date precisely the nave and tower. After the
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The replacement church in the village centre, the current St Mary's Church, was built over the period 1848–1849. The
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of 1898 noted that the church had been erected by public subscription and was "approached by a noble avenue of elms."
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infilled in red, one newly done and the other somewhat weatherworn, were found inside the church. The
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360:, south of Luton, on 9 April was linked to the desecration at St Mary's, fueling further interest.
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285:, vol. 2, edited by Page, "The churchyard possessed the unenviable reputation of being a haunt of
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Gale, John P. (27 June 1964). "Old Black Magic Grips Britain, Or Is It Mostly Hooliganism?".
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Around the time of the Bluebell Woods incident, a local newspaper interviewed a student from
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91:. It acquired first local, then more widespread, notoriety in the 1960s, as a result of the
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The Ecclesiastical gazette, or, Monthly register of the affairs of the Church of England
1179:"The Thirtieth Annual Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners for Building New Churches".
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of a number of the church's graves, with the attendant sensationalist suspicions of
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of England. The new church, built in 1848, replaced the old church by order of the
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809:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
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no longer has responsibility for the Old Parish Church, nor is it deemed to be
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respectively, the building cost £2,300 (equivalent to £300,000 in 2023).
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In May 1957, an additional bell was moved from the old church to the new by
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was stolen from the roof in 1956, however, the building fell into ruin.
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The architect in charge of building the new church was Thomas Smith of
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Man, myth & magic: an illustrated encyclopedia of the supernatural
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St Mary's Church building continues to serve as the parish church of
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and a sheep's heart pierced with thirteen thorns in St Clement's in
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1183:. Vol. 13. London: Charles Cox. September 1850. p. 58.
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was transferred there from the old church, as were two of the
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Raising the Devil: Satanism, New Religions, and the Media
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and engraving of the replacement church, published in
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to provide overnight accommodation for walkers on the
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The original church which fell into ruin in the 1950s
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Structures formerly on the Heritage at Risk register
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352:, where a black cock and white hen are sacrificed.
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1373:Clophill History - Old St Mary's Church post-1848
1324:Phillips, Mary (Summer 1967). "Alas Poor Jenny".
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40:is located in the centre of the small village of
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1368:Clophill History - Old St Mary's Church pre-1848
1115:"The Paranormal Diaries: Clophill Goes to Print"
1403:19th-century Church of England church buildings
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390:, symbols painted on the porch of a church in
1060:. Bedfordshire County Council. Archived from
960:: historical and genealogical information at
1295:A History of the County of Bedford: Volume 2
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264:The ruined church at the village edge is a
64:in 1850. The old church building, formally
1388:Buildings and structures completed in 1350
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1197:The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal
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465:The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal
405:The incident was covered in the 2013 film
1438:Grade II* listed churches in Bedfordshire
1413:Former Church of England church buildings
1358:"Clophill Church" at .bedfordshire.gov.uk
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805:inflation figures are based on data from
1393:14th-century church buildings in England
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1159:"Church of St Mary the Virgin (1113735)"
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1342:Cavendish, Richard (1971). "Clophill".
1335:The Observer revisited, 1963–1964
1257:"Clophill Parish Records, Bedfordshire"
1245:"Clophill Parish Records, Bedfordshire"
1233:"Clophill Parish Records, Bedfordshire"
1221:"Clophill Parish Records, Bedfordshire"
1209:"Clophill Parish Records, Bedfordshire"
546:Today the parish church is part of the
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1094:"New lease of life for ruined church"
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445:Waste Recycling Environmental Limited
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550:of Campton, Clophill and Haynes, in
495:. Built by Smith & Appleford of
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1423:Tourist attractions in Bedfordshire
1337:. Hodder and Stoughton. p. 93.
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922:Bedfordshire County Council & 3
859:Bedfordshire County Council & 2
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595:Bedfordshire County Council & 1
503:in rubble courses, with details in
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1193:"Clophill New Church Bedfordshire"
1164:National Heritage List for England
1108:. Clophill Old Church Lodge. 2012.
1086:"New Saint Mary's Church Clophill"
1078:"Old Saint Mary's Church Clophill"
554:of Ampthill and Shefford, and the
283:A History of the County of Bedford
14:
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1113:Barton, Steve (29 October 2014).
1100:. LSN Media Ltd. 15 October 2012.
974:"Clophill" at livinggodslove.org/
1139:. University Press of Kentucky.
408:The Paranormal Diaries: Clophill
379:on witchcraft by the folklorist
128:
123:The Church of St Mary The Virgin
116:The Church of St Mary The Virgin
66:The Church of St Mary The Virgin
967:
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16:Church in Bedfordshire, England
1088:. Bedfordshire County Council.
1080:. Bedfordshire County Council.
878:Clophill Old Church Lodge 2012
574:Historic England & 1113735
415:Transfer to BCC and future use
1:
561:
1346:. Purnell. pp. 488–489.
1328:. Vol. 1. pp. 1–7.
990:"St.Mary's Church, Clophill"
520:Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem
429:Bedfordshire Greensand Ridge
257:Central Bedfordshire Council
89:Central Bedfordshire Council
7:
754:Bedfordshire on Sunday 2012
529:Some years later, in 1964,
365:Silsoe Agricultural College
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1000:. 1986. GB-508000-237000
516:Whitechapel Bell Foundry
1418:Church ruins in England
1300:Victoria County History
1274:. Amberley Publishing.
1271:Paranormal Bedfordshire
1268:O'Dell, Damien (2009).
946:National Archives 2001d
934:National Archives 2001c
905:National Archives 2001e
890:National Archives 2001b
847:National Archives 2001a
807:Clark, Gregory (2017).
1098:Bedfordshire on Sunday
982:Reference bibliography
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1428:Ruins in Bedfordshire
1326:Bedfordshire Magazine
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147:The Old Parish Church
70:The Church of St Mary
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1363:clophill-lodge.co.uk
1333:Dunn, Cyril (1964).
1133:Ellis, Bill (2000).
245:Construction started
229:52.03733°N 0.40956°W
112:next to the church.
62:Church Commissioners
1290:Page, William Henry
1191:(7 December 1850).
1157:(10 January 1985).
1064:on 13 February 2012
693:, pp. 211–213.
349:The Devil Rides Out
225: /
160:General information
1263:. 2001e. P45/2/32.
1251:. 2001d. P45/2/46.
1239:. 2001c. P45/2/44.
1227:. 2001b. P45/2/41.
1215:. 2001a. P45/2/40.
1052:. 20 October 2012.
1026:. 11 February 2010
803:Retail Price Index
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447:'s Heritage Fund.
270:William Henry Page
234:52.03733; -0.40956
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1317:Milwaukee Journal
1261:National Archives
1249:National Archives
1237:National Archives
1225:National Archives
1213:National Archives
1058:"Clophill Church"
994:Domesday Reloaded
541:Kelly's Directory
434:Instead, in 2012
377:coffee-table book
317:1960s desecration
300:Kelly's Directory
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1062:the original
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837:, p. 7.
830:
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812:
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785:
773:
768:, p. 6.
761:
749:
737:
710:
698:
624:, p. 9.
569:
558:of Bedford.
556:archdeaconry
545:
539:
528:
513:
509:Earl de Grey
486:
477:church bells
470:
464:
459:Architect's
433:
418:
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400:Leigh-on-Sea
385:
374:
370:Celtic cross
362:
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186:Town or city
144:Former names
101:black masses
78:
69:
65:
54:Bedfordshire
37:
36:The present
35:
18:
1124:31 December
835:Laxton 1850
790:HMCBNC 1850
766:Laxton 1850
715:O'Dell 2009
703:Barton 2014
664:O'Dell 2009
622:O'Dell 2009
421:fly-tipping
232: /
207:Coordinates
93:desecration
85:consecrated
1382:Categories
1170:7 December
1068:6 December
1030:6 December
1004:7 December
691:Ellis 2000
562:References
535:clerestory
524:altar rail
461:floor plan
388:Lancashire
381:Eric Maple
358:Caddington
327:breastbone
304:Pulloxhill
217:52°02′14″N
44:, between
1106:"History"
647:Page 1908
501:sandstone
473:lych gate
396:pentagram
220:0°24′34″W
169:Redundant
27:Victorian
1045:BBC News
1019:BBC News
958:Clophill
778:BBC 1986
742:BBC 2010
730:BBC 2012
548:benefice
489:Hertford
467:in 1850.
190:Clophill
97:Satanism
42:Clophill
31:Clophill
552:deanery
531:dry rot
497:Pimlico
481:Wootton
392:Bramber
274:chancel
248:c. 1350
200:England
196:Country
178:Ruined
56:in the
46:Bedford
1278:
1203:: 6–7.
1143:
962:GENUKI
493:Silsoe
339:rector
331:pelvis
180:church
165:Status
820:7 May
425:bothy
253:Owner
105:bothy
50:Luton
1276:ISBN
1172:2012
1141:ISBN
1126:2023
1070:2012
1032:2012
1006:2012
822:2024
438:and
311:lead
175:Type
99:and
79:The
48:and
25:The
1050:BBC
1024:BBC
998:BBC
801:UK
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