Ambrose - Knowledge

675: 1388: 2870:, the most influential of his surviving works, and one of the most important texts of patristic literature, he reveals his views connecting justice and generosity by asserting these practices are of mutual benefit to the participants. Ambrose draws heavily on Cicero and the biblical book of Genesis for this concept of mutual inter-dependence in society. In the bishop's view, it is concern for one another's interests that binds society together. Ambrose asserts that avarice leads to a breakdown in this mutuality, therefore avarice leads to a breakdown in society itself. In the late 380s, the bishop took the lead in opposing the greed of the elite landowners in Milan by starting a series of pointed sermons directed at his wealthy constituents on the need for the rich to care for the poor. 1294: 1629: 9470: 4135: 2881:. He was not just interested in the church but was also interested in the condition of contemporary Italian society. Ambrose considered the poor not a distinct group of outsiders, but a part of a united people to be stood with in solidarity. Giving to the poor was not to be considered an act of generosity towards the fringes of society but a repayment of resources that God had originally bestowed on everyone equally and that the rich had usurped. He defines justice as providing for the poor whom he describes as our "brothers and sisters" because they "share our common humanity". 2841:

gaining our salvation. Thus where the work lies, there too is the Author of the work. When therefore, all things have become subject to Christ, through Christ's obedience, so that all bend their knees in His name, then He Himself will be all in all. For now, since all do not believe, all do not seem to be in subjection. But when all have believed and done the will of God, then Christ will be all and in all. And when Christ is all and in all, then will God be all and in all; for the Father abides ever in the Son. How, then, is He shown to be weak, Who redeemed the weak?

1482:. The synagogue most probably existed within the fortified town to serve the soldiers stationed there, and Theodosius ordered that the offenders be punished and that the synagogue be rebuilt at the expense of the bishop. Ambrose wrote to the emperor arguing against this, basing his argument on two assertions: first, if the bishop obeyed the order, it would be a betrayal of his faith, and second, if the bishop instead refused to obey the order, he would become a martyr and create a scandal embarrassing the emperor. Ambrose, referring to a prior incident where 616: 1420: 640: 1024:

spiritual commentary dedicated to the emperor. The sheer volume of these writings and the effusive praise they contain has led many historians to conclude that Gratian was dominated by Ambrose, and it was that dominance that produced Gratian's anti-pagan actions. McLynn asserts that effusive praises were common in everyone's correspondence with the crown. He adds that Gratian's actions were determined by the constraints of the system as much as "by his own initiatives or Ambrose's influence".

1596: 1020:) is the only ancient source that shows Ambrose and Gratian together in any personal interaction. In that interaction, Sozomen relates that, in the last year of Gratian's reign, Ambrose intruded on Gratian's private hunting party in order to appeal on behalf of a pagan senator sentenced to die. After years of acquaintance, this indicates that Ambrose could not take for granted that Gratian would see him, so instead, Ambrose had to resort to such manoeuvrings to make his appeal. 1246:

argues that Theodosius's anti-pagan legislation was too limited in scope for it to be of interest to the bishop. The fabled encounter at the door of the cathedral in Milan, with Ambrose as the mitred prelate braced, blocking Theodosius from entering, which has sometimes been seen as evidence of Ambrose' dominance over Theodosius, has been debunked by modern historians as "a pious fiction". There was no encounter at the church door. The story is a product of the imagination of

3156: 3023: 3117: 1214: 1621: 13621: 1285:. Therefore, it fell to the orthodox Theodosius to receive from Christian literary tradition most of the credit for the final triumph of Christianity. Modern scholars see this as an interpretation of history by orthodox Christian writers more than as a representation of actual history. The view of a pious Theodosius submitting meekly to the authority of the church, represented by Ambrose, is part of the myth that evolved within a generation of their deaths. 628: 1637: 5173: 12857: 11937: 2629: 7015:, pp. 64, 65. "Augustine, however, does not mention any names, and there is no evidence either here or in any other place that he is referring to these passages from the works of Jerome. Nevertheless, both Jerome and Ambrose seemed to have shared in the not uncommon error of their time, namely, that all Christians would sooner or later be reunited to God, an error which Augustine refutes here and in a number of other places" 11949: 4562: 9225: 2641: 1458:, 36). Ambrose's acts and writings "created a sort of model which was to remain valid in the Latin West for the relations of the Church and the Christian State. Both powers stood in a basically positive relationship to each other, but the innermost sphere of the Church's life--faith, the moral order, ecclesiastical discipline--remained withdrawn from the State's influence." 1442:

as possible in both ritual and belief. Instead, he respected local customs, adapting himself to whatever practices prevailed, instructing his mother to do the same. As bishop, Ambrose undertook many different labours in an effort to unite people and "provide some stability during a period of religious, political, military, and social upheavals and transformations".

4763:, pp. 55–64 give dates for most of Ambrose's writings, the dates from Ramsey are preferred, as the publication is more recent and the author is dating the works from the perspective of scholarly consensus, whereas in Paredi, the author offers dates based on his own research. Regardless, when Ramsey does not provide dates for a work, those of Paredi are used. 1122:, and Ambrose was again ordered to hand over a church in Milan for Arian usage. Ambrose and his congregation barricaded themselves inside the church, and again the imperial order was rescinded. There was an attempted kidnapping, and another attempt to arrest him and to force him to leave the city. Several accusations were made, but unlike in the case of 7027:, p. 484, ‌‌. "Jerome develops the same distinction, stating that, while the Devil and the impious who have denied God will be tortured without remission, those who have trusted in Christ, even if they have sinned and fallen away, will eventually be saved. Much the same teaching appears in Ambrose, developed in greater detail." 2767:

am at Rome, I fast on a Saturday; when I am at Milan, I do not. Follow the custom of the church where you are." Thus Ambrose refused to be drawn into a false conflict over which particular local church had the "right" liturgical form where there was no substantial problem. His advice has remained in the English language as the saying, "

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in Heaven. The great Christian writers of the third to fifth centuries attempted to discredit the continuation of these "defeated practices" by searching pagan writings, "particularly those of Varro, for everything that could be regarded by Christian standards as repulsive and irreligious." Ambrose' work reflects this triumphalism.

960:, confident of numbers, prevailed upon Gratian to call a general council from all parts of the empire. This request appeared so equitable that Gratian complied without hesitation. However, Ambrose feared the consequences and prevailed upon the emperor to have the matter determined by a council of the Western bishops. Accordingly, a 68: 1491:

was not an isolated incident. Generally speaking, however, while McLynn says it makes Ambrose look like a bully and a bigot to modern eyes, scholars also agree that Ambrose's attitudes toward the Jews cannot be fairly summarized in one sentence, as not all of Ambrose's attitudes toward Jews were negative.

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very labour-intensive, the majority of the population was illiterate, and where those with the leisure to enjoy literary works also had slaves to read for them, written texts were more likely to be seen as scripts for recitation than as vehicles of silent reflection. However, there is also evidence that

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and is written in strict iambic tetrameter (that is 4 × 2 syllables, each iamb being two syllables). Marked by dignified simplicity, they served as a fruitful model for later times. Scholars such as the theologian Brian P. Dunkle have argued for the authenticity of as many as thirteen other

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Our Savior has appointed two kinds of resurrection in the Apocalypse. 'Blessed is he that hath part in the first resurrection,' for such come to grace without the judgment. As for those who do not come to the first, but are reserved unto the second resurrection, these shall be disciplined until their

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That was not enough for Ambrose, however, and when Theodosius next visited Milan Ambrose confronted him directly in an effort to get him to drop the entire case. McLynn argues that Ambrose failed to win the emperor's sympathy and was mostly excluded from his counsels thereafter. The Callinicum affair

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The bishops of this era had heavy administrative responsibilities, and Ambrose was also sometimes occupied with imperial affairs, but he still fulfilled his primary responsibility to care for the well-being of his flock. He preached and celebrated the Eucharist multiple times a week, sometimes daily,

1173:(Emperor in the East from 364 to 378) had left many questions for the church unresolved, and Theodosius' edict can be seen as an effort to begin addressing those questions. Theodosius' natural generosity was tempered by his pressing need to establish himself and to publicly assert his personal piety. 1114:

Ambrose refused to surrender the basilica, and sent sharp answers back to his emperor: "If you demand my person, I am ready to submit: carry me to prison or to death, I will not resist; but I will never betray the church of Christ. I will not call upon the people to succour me; I will die at the foot

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Ambrose and Gratian first met, after this, in 379 during a visit to Milan. The bishop made a good impression on Gratian and his court, which was pervasively Christian and aristocratic – much like Ambrose himself. The emperor returned to Milan in 380 to find that Ambrose had complied with his request

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and set up his court there. Several rival groups, including the Arians, sought to secure benefits from the government at Sirmium. In an Arian attempt to undermine Ambrose, whom Gratian had not yet met, Gratian was "warned" that Ambrose's faith was suspect. Gratian took steps to investigate by writing

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Ambrose displayed a kind of liturgical flexibility that kept in mind that liturgy was a tool to serve people in worshiping God, and ought not to become a rigid entity that is invariable from place to place. His advice to Augustine of Hippo on this point was to follow local liturgical custom. "When I

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Modern scholarship indicates that paganism was a lesser concern than heresy for Christians in the fourth and fifth centuries, including Ambrose, but it was still a concern. Writings of this period were commonly hostile and often contemptuous toward paganism which Christianity saw as already defeated

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Christian faith in the third century developed the monastic lifestyle which subsequently spread into the rest of Roman society in a general practice of virginity, voluntary poverty and self-denial for religious reasons. This lifestyle was embraced by many new converts, including Ambrose, even though

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All of Ambrose's writings are works of advocacy for Nicene Christianity, and even his political views and actions were closely related to his religion. He was rarely, if ever, concerned about simply recording what had happened; he did not write to reveal his inner thoughts and struggles; he wrote to

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Formerly, some scholars credited Ambrose with having an undue influence over Emperor Theodosius I, from this period forward, prompting him toward major anti-pagan legislation beginning in February of 391. However, this interpretation has been heavily disputed since the late-twentieth century. McLynn

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in the basilica, the prefect of the city came to persuade him to give it up to the Arians. Ambrose again refused. Certain deans (officers of the court) were sent to take possession of the basilica by hanging upon it imperial escutcheons. Instead, soldiers from the ranks the emperor had placed around

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Ambrose struggled with Arianism for over half of his term in the episcopate. Ecclesiastical unity was important to the church, but it was no less important to the state, and as a Roman, Ambrose felt strongly about that. Conflict over heresies loomed large in an age of religious ferment comparable to

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These Christian sources have had great influence on perceptions of this period by creating an impression of overt and continuous conflict that has been assumed on an empire-wide scale, while archaeological evidence indicates that, apart from the use of violent rhetoric, the decline of paganism away

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This is a celebrated passage in modern scholarly discussion. The practice of reading to oneself without vocalizing the text was less common in antiquity than it has since become. In a culture that set a high value on oratory and public performances of all kinds, in which the production of books was

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Ambrose had the ability to maintain good relationships with all kinds of people. Local church practices varied quite a bit from place to place at this time, and as the bishop, Ambrose could have required that everyone adapt to his way of doing things. It was his place to keep the churches as united

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In 1960, Neil B. McLynn wrote a complex study of Ambrose that focused on his politics and was intended to "demonstrate that Ambrose viewed community as a means to acquire personal political power". Subsequent studies of how Ambrose handled his episcopal responsibilities, his Nicene theology and his

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After defeating the usurper Maximus at Aquileia in 388 Theodosius handed the western realm back to the young Valentinian II, the seventeen-year-old son of the forceful and hardy Pannonian general Valentinian I and his wife, the Arian Justina. Furthermore, the Eastern emperor remained in Italy for a

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in which Augustine wonders why he could not share his burden with Ambrose, he comments: "Ambrose himself I esteemed a happy man, as the world counted happiness, because great personages held him in honour. Only his celibacy appeared to me a painful burden." Simplician regularly met with Augustine,

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Yes, truly blessed for having surpassed the priest (Zechariah). While the priest denied, the Virgin rectified the error. No wonder that the Lord, wishing to rescue the world, began his work with Mary. Thus she, through whom salvation was being prepared for all people, would be the first to receive

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appropriated material from Philo as well, but none did so more than Ambrose. As a result of these extensive references, Philo was accepted into the Christian tradition as an honorary Church Father. "In fact, one Byzantine catena even refers to him as 'Bishop Philo'. This high regard for Philo even

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Ambrose was also well aware of the limits of his power. At the height of his career as a venerable, respected and well-loved bishop in 396, imperial agents marched into his church, pushing past him and his clergy who had crowded the altar to protect a political suspect from arrest, and dragged the

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Brown says Ambrose "had the makings of a faction fighter". While he got along well with most people, Ambrose was not averse to conflict and even opposed emperors with a fearlessness born of self-confidence and a clear conscience and not from any belief he would not suffer for his decisions. Having

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of the Apostles), the other in the suburbs (St Victor's). Ambrose refused to surrender the churches. He answered by saying that "What belongs to God, is outside the emperor's power." In this, Ambrose called on an ancient Roman principle: a temple set apart to a god became the property of that god.

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Gratian was personally devout long before meeting Ambrose. Modern scholarship indicates Gratian's religious policies do not evidence capitulation to Ambrose more than they evidence Gratian's own views. Gratian's devotion did lead Ambrose to write a large number of books and letters of theology and

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When read, his eyes scanned the page and his heart sought out the meaning, but his voice was silent and his tongue was still. Anyone could approach him freely and guests were not commonly announced, so that often, when we came to visit him, we found him reading like this in silence, for he never

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in 390, Theodosius made an act of public penance at Ambrose's behest. Ambrose was away from court during the events at Thessalonica, but after being informed of them, he wrote Theodosius a letter. In that still-existing letter, Ambrose presses for a semi-public demonstration of penitence from the

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Romans claimed to be the most religious of peoples. Their unique success in war, conquest, and the formation of an empire, was attributed to the empire maintaining good relations with the gods through proper reverence and worship practices. This did not change once the empire's official religion

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Recent scholarship has tended to reject former views that the edict was a key step in establishing Christianity as the official religion of the empire since it was aimed exclusively at Constantinople and seems to have gone largely unnoticed by contemporaries outside the capital. Nonetheless, the

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A unity of power puts aside all idea of a degrading subjection. His giving up of power, and His victory as conqueror won over death, have not lessened His power. Obedience works out subjection. Christ has taken obedience upon Himself, obedience even to taking on Him our flesh, the cross even to

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The twenty-first-century view is that Ambrose was "not a power behind the throne". The two men did not meet each other frequently, and documents that reveal the relationship between the two are less about personal friendship than they are about negotiations between two formidable leaders of the

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issued an edict censuring Christians in Rome for burning down a Jewish synagogue, warned Theodosius that the people, in turn, exclaimed "the emperor has become a Jew", implying that Theodosius would receive the same lack of support from the people. Theodosius rescinded the order concerning the

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in belief, was considered acceptable to Arians due to the charity he had shown concerning their beliefs. At first, he energetically refused the office of bishop, for which he felt he was in no way prepared: Ambrose was a relatively new Christian who was not yet baptized nor formally trained in

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long before his biography was written, making it difficult for modern historians to understand his true character and fairly place his behaviour within the context of antiquity. Most agree he was the personification of his era. This would make Ambrose a genuinely spiritual man who spoke up and

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Then Ambrose wrote to Valentinian asserting that the emperor was a soldier of God – not simply a personal believer, but one bound by his position to serve the faith; under no circumstances could he agree to something that would promote the worship of idols. Ambrose held up the example of

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His acts and writings show he was quite clear about the limits of imperial power over the church's internal affairs including doctrine, moral teaching, and governance. He wrote to Valentinian: "In matters of faith bishops are the judges of Christian emperors, not emperors of bishops."

1169:, Theodosius published his own statement of faith in 381 in an edict establishing Nicene Catholic Christianity as the only legitimate version of the Christian faith. There is unanimity amongst scholars that this represents the emperor's own beliefs. The aftermath of the death (378) of 1257:

For centuries after his death, Theodosius was regarded as a champion of Christian orthodoxy who decisively stamped out paganism. This view was recorded by Theodoret, who is recognized as an unreliable historian, in the century following their deaths. Theodosius's predecessors

3102:", a method of chanting where one side of the choir alternately responds to the other. Although Ambrosian chant was named in his honour, no Ambrosian-chant melodies can be attributed to Ambrose. With Augustine, Ambrose was traditionally credited with composing the hymn " 5367:, p. 5: "The task that lay before the Christian leadership was to replace one form of the sacred with another. The fourth century was above all the moment when this replacement was being orchestrated, and the role that Ambrose played in the process was crucial. 2849:

and the anonymous individuals whom Augustine criticized in his treatise "on faith and works", who argued that while the unbelievers would experience eternal judgement, all Christians who have believed in Jesus will be reunited to God at some point, even if they have

1525:, Maccabees, and other Jewish sources for his writings. He praises some individual Jews. Ambrose tended to write negatively of all non-Nicenes as if they were all in one category. This served a rhetorical purpose in his writing and should be considered accordingly. 1150:

considerable period to supervise affairs, returning to Constantinople in 391 and leaving behind the Frankish general Arbogast to keep an eye on the young emperor. By May of the following year, Arbogast's ward was dead amidst rumours of both treachery and suicide...

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remains controversial; the almost immediate popularity of his style quickly prompted imitations, some which may even date from his lifetime. There are four hymns for which Ambrose's authorship is universally accepted, as they are attributed to him by Augustine:

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Christ is not divided but one. If we adore him as the Son of God, we do not deny his birth from the virgin. ... But nobody shall extend this to Mary. Mary was the temple of God but not God in the temple. Therefore, only the one who was in the temple can be

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the Reformation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Orthodox Christianity was determining how to define itself as it faced multiple challenges on both a theological and a practical level, and Ambrose exercised crucial influence at a crucial time.

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It has long been convention to see Gratian and Ambrose as having a personal friendship, putting Ambrose in the dominant role of spiritual guide, but modern scholars now find this view hard to support from the sources. The ancient Christian historian

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of the altar rather than desert it. The tumult of the people I will not encourage: but God alone can appease it." By Thursday, the emperor gave in, bitterly responding: "Soon, if Ambrose gives the orders, you will be sending me to him in chains."

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induced Christian senators to petition against it, and Ambrose blocked the delegates from obtaining an audience with the emperor. Under Valentinian II, an effort was made to restore the Altar of Victory to its ancient station in the hall of the

1072:, in the winter of 379 by helping to appoint a Nicene bishop in Sirmium. Not long after this, Valentinian II, his mother, and the court left Sirmium; Sirmium had come under Theodosius' control, so they went to Milan which was ruled by Gratian. 1568:. Hans Lietzmann writes that "Pagans and Christians alike were stirred by the solemn earnestness of an admonition which called all men of goodwill to the aid of a glorious history, to render all worthy honour to a world that was fading away". 888:. This raised his standing even further; it was his popularity with the people that gave him considerable political leverage throughout his career. Upon the unexpected appointment of Ambrose to the episcopate, his brother Satyrus resigned a 915:, though contrary to tradition, quickly spread through Egypt, Libya and other Roman provinces. Bishops engaged in the dispute, and the people divided into parties, sometimes demonstrating in the streets in support of one side or the other. 2988:

however, and Augustine writes of Simplician's "fatherly affection" for him. It was Simplician who introduced Augustine to Christian Neoplatonism. It is commonly understood in the Christian Tradition that Ambrose baptized Augustine.

1083:. Valentinian was twelve years old, and the assassination left his mother, Justina, in a position of something akin to a regent. In 385 (or 386) the emperor Valentinian II and his mother Justina, along with a considerable number of 1321:, now appointed Augustus to govern the western portion of the empire. Arbogast and Eugenius courted Ambrose's support by very obliging letters; but before they arrived at Milan, he had retired to Bologna, where he assisted at the 861:. Ambrose went to the church where the election was to take place to prevent an uproar which seemed probable in this crisis. His address was interrupted by a call, "Ambrose, bishop!", which was taken up by the whole assembly. 968:

in the year 381. Ambrose was elected president and Palladius, being called upon to defend his opinions, declined. A vote was then taken and Palladius and his associate Secundianus were deposed from their episcopal offices.

4689:. From this, practically all of Ambrose's biographers have concluded that Ambrose's father was a praetorian prefect in Gaul. This is the only evidence we have, however, that there ever was an Ambrose as prefect in Gaul." 1060:. In 382, Gratian was the first to divert public financial subsidies that had previously supported Rome's cults. Before that year, contributions in support of the ancient customs had continued unchallenged by the state. 1416:

and dealt directly with the needs of the poor, as well as widows and orphans, "virgins" (nuns), and his own clergy. He replied to letters personally, practised hospitality, and made himself available to the people.

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in 378. Gratian had become involved in fighting the Goths the previous year and had been on his way to the Balkans when his uncle and the "cream of the eastern army" were destroyed at Adrianople. Gratian withdrew to

5343:, p. 6: " the history of the early Church was a golden age of religious ferment and controversy such as - it could well be argued - would not be seen again until the Reformation, more than a millennium later. 4698:

Two laws were recorded from this time. One of these cancelled the "law of toleration" Gratian had previously issued at Sirmium. This toleration allowed freedom of worship to all with the exception of the heretical

941:, who became his colleague in the empire in 375, adhered to the Arian creed. Ambrose sought to refute Arian propositions theologically, but Ambrose did not sway the young prince's position. In the East, Emperor 2978:

that Faustus, the Manichean rhetorician, was a more impressive speaker, but the content of Ambrose's sermons began to affect Augustine's faith. Augustine sought guidance from Ambrose and again records in his

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is written in a different style with some silent disagreements, so there is less consensus over its author. This latter work was occasionally identified as being by St. Augustine, though this is erroneous.

5355:, pp. 7–8: "In the face of all these rivals orthodox Christianity was not an impassive object. In reacting to them it defined itself and assumed more and more of the contours that we recognize today." 2913:

The virgin birth is worthy of God. Which human birth would have been more worthy of God, than the one in which the Immaculate Son of God maintained the purity of his immaculate origin while becoming human?

1045:: a statement of orthodoxy and of Ambrose' political theology, as well as a polemic against the Arian heresy – intended for public discussion. The emperor had not asked to be instructed by Ambrose, and in 4715:

which had failed to be listed in the exceptions. There is no evidence to support Ambrose as having had anything to do with this restatement since sanctions against Donatism had existed since Constantine.

1502:. Forty–three of his treatises have been preserved, and these by Christians, rather than Jews. Philo became foundational in forming the Christian literary view on the six days of creation through Basil's 3123: 877:

praising the appropriateness of Rome appointing individuals worthy of holy positions, Ambrose's host gave him up. Within a week, he was baptized, ordained and duly consecrated as the new bishop of

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in Milan when he was unexpectedly made Bishop of Milan in 374 by popular acclamation. As bishop, he took a firm position against Arianism and attempted to mediate the conflict between the emperors

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and other Greek authors, but nevertheless gives a distinctly Western cast to the speculations of which he treats. This is particularly manifest in the weightier emphasis which he lays upon human

1137:(383) and was considering a descent upon Italy, Valentinian sent Ambrose to dissuade him, and the embassy was successful (384). A second, later embassy was unsuccessful. Magnus Maximus entered 2808:(that some destined for Heaven must first undergo a phase of purification). Some other works by Ambrose could potentially be seen as teaching the mainstream view of salvation. For example: 3055:

had done so a few decades before. However, the hymns of Hilary are thought to have been largely inaccessible because of their complexity and length. Only fragments of hymns from Hilary's

5316:, pp. 6–7: "By Ambrose's day was in slow decline but far from having breathed its last: Ambrose's struggles with it occupied his energies for more than half of his term as bishop." 1400:

and wrote many extraordinary hymns. Despite an abiding spirituality, Ambrose had a generally straightforward manner, and a practical rather than a speculative tendency in his thinking.

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The childless Gratian had treated his younger brother Valentinian II like a son. Ambrose, on the other hand, had incurred the lasting enmity of Valentinian II's mother, the Empress

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Sometime early in the life of Ambrose, his father died. At an unknown later date, his mother fled Trier with her three children, and the family moved to Rome. There Ambrose studied

1126:, no formal charges were brought. The emperor certainly had the power to do so, and probably did not solely because of Ambrose's popularity with the people and what they might do. 1111:

the basilica began pouring into the church, assuring Ambrose of their fidelity. The escutcheons outside the church were removed, and legend says the children tore them to shreds.

1498:, in his own writings, treating Philo as one of the "faithful interpreters of the Scriptures". Philo was an educated man of some standing and a prolific writer during the era of 1579:. Although Theodosius refused their requests, he was irritated at the bishop's presumption and refused to see him for several days. Later, Ambrose wrote a letter to the emperor 1462:

man from the church in front of Ambrose who could do nothing to stop them. "When it came to the central functions of the Roman state, even the vivid Ambrose was a lightweight".

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Liebeschuetz and Hill indicate that it was not until after 388, during Theodosius' stay in Milan following the defeat of Maximus in 388, that Theodosius and Ambrose first met.

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Some scholars have suggested Ambrose's endeavours to lead his people as both a Roman and a Christian caused him to strive for what a modern context would describe as a type of

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contends that further attributions could include "perhaps some ten others". Ambrose is traditionally credited but not actually known to have composed any of the repertory of

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to become a major influence in Gratian's court. Ambrose had not yet become the "conscience" of kings he would in the later 380s, but he did speak out against reinstating the

996:, but exactly how much influence, what kind of influence, and in what ways, when, has been debated in the scholarship of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. 692:

depicting Ambrose as a child while bees swarm his crib. His father is on the right of the image while the sky has three clouds "sending forth flames". The relief is from the

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We confess that Christ the Lord was born from a virgin, and therefore we reject the natural order of things. Because she conceived not from a man but from the Holy Spirit.

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Valentinian's brother, Gratian, reminding Valentinian that the commandment of God must take precedence. The bishop's intervention led to the failure of Symmachus' appeal.

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powerful institutions they represent: the Roman State and the Italian Church. Cameron says there is no evidence that Ambrose was a significant influence on the emperor.

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family in the year 339. Ambrose himself wrote that he was 53 years old in his letter number 49, which has been dated to 392. He began life in Augusta Treverorum (modern

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appeared at Paris (1686–90) in two folio volumes; it was twice reprinted at Venice (1748–51, and 1781–82). The latest edition of the writings of St. Ambrose is that of

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begun his life as a Roman aristocrat and a governor, it is clear that Ambrose retained the attitudes and practices of Roman governance even after becoming a bishop.

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edited them in four tomes at Basle (1527). A valuable Roman edition was brought out in 1580, in five volumes, the result of many years' labour; it was begun by

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Source: All works are originally in Latin. Following each is where it may be found in a standard compilation of Ambrose's writings. His first work was probably

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Ambrose now applied this ancient legal principle to the Christian churches, seeing the bishop, as a divine representative, as guardian of his god's property.

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As bishop, he immediately adopted an ascetic lifestyle, apportioned his money to the poor, donating all of his land, making only provision for his sister

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Wojcieszak, Maciej (2014). "Obraz społeczeństwa Italii w listach Ambrożego z Mediolanu" [Social issues in the letters of St. Ambrose of Milan].

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advocate for his God. Boniface Ramsey writes that it is difficult "not to posit a deep spirituality in a man" who wrote on the mystical meanings of the

1340:, Theodosius died at Milan in 395, and Ambrose gave the eulogy. Two years later (4 April 397) Ambrose also died. He was succeeded as bishop of Milan by 753:, book XI.5). What does seem certain is that Ambrose was born in Trier and his father was either the praetorian prefect or part of his administration. 509:(386–390). His preachings, his actions and his literary works, in addition to his innovative musical hymnography, made him one of the most influential 8516: 7644: 6164: 9355: 7173: 7133: 1384:

dealings with the Arians in his episcopate, his pastoral care, his commitment to community, and his personal asceticism, have mitigated this view.

4329:

De Iacob, De Ioseph, De patriarchis, De fuga saeculi, De interpellatione Iob et David, De apologia prophetae David, De Helia, De Nabuthae, De Tobia

10821: 4344: 1049:

Ambrose states this clearly. Nor was he asked to refute the Arians. He was asked to justify his own position, but in the end, he did all three.

11979: 10851: 6128:"Saint Ambrose, Bishop and Confessor, Doctor of the Church. December 7. Rev. Alban Butler. 1866. Volume XII: December. The Lives of the Saints" 4247: 1534: 1242:

says "Theodosius duly complied and came to church without his imperial robes, until Christmas, when Ambrose openly admitted him to communion".

949:) likewise professed the Nicene creed; but there were many adherents of Arianism throughout his dominions, especially among the higher clergy. 9252: 1543:

Throughout his time in the episcopate, Ambrose was active in his opposition to any state sponsorship of pagan cults. When Gratian ordered the

12894: 2672: 1923: 548:" hymn, though modern scholars now reject both of these attributions. Ambrose's authorship on at least four hymns, including the well-known " 4711:. The law cancelling this has been presented in previous scholarship as proof of Ambrose's influence over Gratian, but the law's target was 4408:(Vol. 82/3: lib. 10, epp. extra collectionem. gesta concilii Aquileiensis, 1990); Indices et addenda – comp. M. Zelzer, 1996, Vol. 82/4 1387: 13354: 4318: 4216: 2952:

of Rome. Using his excellent knowledge of Greek, which was then rare in the West, Ambrose studied the Old Testament and Greek authors like

1297:

Embossed silver urn with the body of Ambrose (with white vestments) in the crypt of Sant'Ambrose, with the skeletons of Gervase and Protase

639: 8730:

Salzman, Michele Renee (1993). "The Evidence for the Conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity in Book 16 of the "Theodosian Code"".

6620: 1521:

led to a number of legends of his conversion to Christianity, although this assertion stands on very dubious evidence". Ambrose also used

11909: 5183: 4405: 4401: 4348: 8183: 13670: 12916: 1207:; it did not declare Christianity to be the official religion of the empire; and it gave no advantage to Christians over other faiths. 682: 4361:

Explanatio symboli, De sacramentis, De mysteriis, De paenitentia, De excessu fratris Satyri, De obitu Valentiniani, De obitu Theodosii

1250:, a historian of the fifth century who wrote of the events of 390 "using his own ideology to fill the gaps in the historical record". 11972: 9873: 9826: 8904:

Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina (22 May 2016). "Some Notes on the Urban Planning of Mediolanum and on the Orientation of Its Decumanus".

4448:, with an introduction and translation, Sister Mary Joseph Aloysius Buck, (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America, 1929) 13134: 13675: 12556: 1027:

McLynn asserts that the largest influence on Gratian's policy was the profound change in political circumstances produced by the

8617: 5221:

An accomplished orator and legal advocate, Ambrose was appointed to the Judicial Council by Probus, Praetorian Prefect of Italy.

13204: 9271:, Contributions to Sources of Anglo-Saxon Literary Culture, by Dabney Anderson Bankert, Jessica Wegmann, and Charles D. Wright. 9261: 4221: 1368: 13680: 13665: 11813: 9348: 9091: 9041: 8973: 8954: 8935: 8894: 8867: 8821: 8800: 8781: 8720: 8702: 8660: 8639: 8606: 8587: 8569: 8543: 8467: 8446: 8408: 8381: 8362: 8341: 8322: 8292: 8273: 8246: 8208: 8161: 8046: 8027: 7967: 7948: 7879: 7860: 7841: 7822: 7756: 7735: 7697: 7671: 7611: 7588: 7570: 6810: 6784: 6640: 6199: 4470:, translated by Mary Melchior Beyenka, Fathers of the Church, vol 26, (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America, 1954) 1454:

21.4). He also famously said to an Arian bishop chosen by the emperor, "The emperor is in the church, not over the church." (

1372: 760:

settled on his face while he lay in his cradle, leaving behind a drop of honey. His father is said to have considered this a

1145:

was taken. Justina and her son fled, but Ambrose remained and had the plate of the church melted for the relief of the poor.

881:. This was the first time in the West that a member of the upper class of high officials had accepted the office of bishop. 13660: 13025: 10021: 9230: 4272: 727:

in Germany. Scholars disagree on who exactly his father was. His father is sometimes identified with Aurelius Ambrosius, a

4488:, translated by Roy J. Deferrari, Fathers of the church vol 44, (Washington: Catholic University of American Press, 1963) 13228: 13216: 13094: 11995: 9775: 2305: 1547:

to be removed, it roused the aristocracy of Rome to send a delegation to the emperor to appeal against the decision, but

1348:

in Milan, where it has been continuously venerated – along with the bodies identified in his time as being those of

478: 4494:, translated by Michael McHugh, Fathers of the Church, vol 65, (Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1972) 911:, indicating that the Son was a lesser being who was not eternal and of a different "essence" than God the Father. This 12953: 10726: 9844: 4458:, with an introduction and translation, Lois Miles Zucker, (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America, 1933) 13685: 12887: 12394: 8679: 8098: 7716: 7632: 5214: 2768: 2665: 1809: 481:

from 374 to 397. He expressed himself prominently as a public figure, fiercely promoting Roman Christianity against

13750: 13690: 13013: 12448: 12442: 11685: 10856: 9341: 826: 7777: 1404:

is a utilitarian guide for his clergy in their daily ministry in the Milanese church rather than "an intellectual

13568: 13031: 12969: 12960: 12738: 12454: 12406: 12349: 12264: 9266: 7275: 4464:, translated by LP McCauley et al., Fathers of the Church vol 22, (New York: Fathers of the Church, Inc., 1953) , 3043:

Ambrose's writings extend past literature and into music, where he was an important innovator in early Christian

2828:

or conditional on the state of repentance. The passage most often cited in support of Ambrose supposed belief in

2035: 1470:

Ambrose is recorded on occasions as taking a hostile attitude towards Jews, for example in 388, when the Emperor

1329:. From there he went to Florence, where he remained until Eugenius withdrew from Milan to meet Theodosius in the 13755: 13730: 13720: 13710: 13424: 13043: 12388: 11916: 10448: 4599: 4536:, translated with an introduction and notes by JHWG Liebschuetz, (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2005) 4264: 3059:

exist, making those of Ambrose the earliest extant complete Latin hymns. The assembling of Ambrose's surviving

1604: 823: 775:

Ambrose's mother was a woman of intellect and piety. It was probable that she was a member of the Roman family

8774:

Pagans and Christians in Late Antique Rome : Conflict, Competition, and Coexistence in the Fourth Century

7918:

Cunningham, Maurice P. (October 1955). "The Place of the Hymns of St. Ambrose in the Latin Poetic Tradition".

1293: 615: 13583: 13019: 12412: 12180: 12131: 11778: 10966: 9921: 9819: 7748:

Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350-550 AD

1849: 1583:

complaining that some gifts the latter had bestowed on pagan senators could be used for funding pagan cults.

1391:

Statue of Saint Ambrose with a scourge in Museo del Duomo, Milan. Unknown Lombard author, early 17th century.

728: 2712:

ability. He succeeded as a theologian despite his juridical training and his comparatively late handling of

2500: 1696: 1474:

was informed that a crowd of Christians had retaliated against the local Jewish community by destroying the

13745: 13715: 12880: 12466: 12436: 12187: 10533: 9017:

Washburn, Daniel (2006). "The Thessalonian Affair in the Fifth Century Histories". In Drake, Harold Allen;

7977:

Davidson, Ivor J. (1995). "Ambrose's de officiis and the Intellectual Climate of the Late Fourth Century".

4585: 4524:, edited with an introduction, translation, and commentary by Ivor J Davidson, 2 vols, (Oxford: OUP, 2001) 3051:

designated him to be "The Father of church hymnody". He was not the first to write Latin hymns; the Bishop

2658: 2605: 1345: 697: 339: 221: 84: 7943:. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. XIII (Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2525: 662:

defended his faith against opponents, an aristocrat who retained many of the attitudes and practices of a

13735: 13705: 12284: 12159: 12138: 12090: 12076: 9891: 7137: 3242:

in the individual Christian life. There has been debate on the attribution of some writings: for example

3170: 3047:. His contributions include the "successful invention of Christian Latin hymnody", while the hymnologist 2345: 1326: 1302: 627: 13614: 8691: 8564:, The Transformation of the Classical Heritage, vol. 22, Berkeley: University of California Press, 13760: 12424: 12291: 12277: 12166: 12152: 12117: 12069: 12062: 11680: 10901: 9573: 9511: 7522: 4613: 4580: 4167: 3138: 2535: 1681: 1561: 1434: 780: 489:. He left a substantial collection of writings, of which the best known include the ethical commentary 265: 17: 8220:

Augustine and the Latin Classics, vol. 2: Augustine's Attitude, Studia Graeca et Latina Gothoburgensia

7772: 4482:, translated by John J Savage, Fathers of the Church, vol 42, (New York: Fathers of the Church, 1961) 2285: 13695: 13590: 12773: 12744: 12720: 12301: 12173: 12145: 10936: 10746: 10706: 3130: 2430: 2235: 260: 6692: 1192:, and attempted to establish unity in Christianity and to suppress heresy. German ancient historian 13765: 13087: 13037: 12761: 12625: 12430: 12208: 12201: 11542: 10801: 10468: 10250: 10134: 10114: 10054: 9812: 4604: 4476:, edited by Henry Chadwick, Studies in Eucharistic faith and practice 5, (London: AR Mowbray, 1960) 4134: 2933: 1950: 1706: 1676: 1234: 1227: 1160: 961: 842: 838: 736: 732: 525: 35: 8019: 4518:, translated by Theodosia Tomkinson, (Etna, CA: Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies, 2000) 1238:

emperor, telling him that, as his bishop, he will not give Theodosius communion until it is done.

13725: 13338: 13007: 12964: 12055: 12024: 11675: 11014: 10984: 10375: 10149: 9939: 9835: 8623: 8527: 8056:

Errington, R. Malcolm (1997). "Christian Accounts of the Religious Legislation of Theodosius I".

8011: 7655: 6926:

Universalism: The Prevailing Doctrine of The Christian Church During Its First Five Hundred Years

4257: 4208: 4175: 3193:(377–391) have been given a wide variety of datings by scholars. His best known work is probably 2996: 2974: 2540: 2170: 1797: 1659: 1349: 1119: 735:

dated 3 February 339 (addressed in a brief extract from one of the three emperors ruling in 339,

579: 556:, which includes others that are sometimes attributed to him. He also had a notable influence on 9284: 2270: 873:. Ambrose fled to a colleague's home, seeking to hide. Upon receiving a letter from the Emperor 13740: 13600: 13578: 13350: 13169: 13164: 12987: 12978: 12767: 12755: 12475: 11941: 10806: 10751: 10453: 10094: 10059: 10036: 9944: 9853: 9763: 8832: 4229: 4179: 3078: 2780: 2460: 2095: 1832: 1575:

In 389, Ambrose stepped in against a pagan senatorial delegation who wished to see the emperor

1356: 1330: 1198: 549: 31: 8909: 8811: 8650: 8535: 8173: 7663: 7362: 7360: 1188:

and could have their places of worship officially recognized as "churches". The Edict opposed

807:

himself conferred the veil upon her. Both Ambrose's siblings also became venerated as saints.

13624: 13159: 13077: 12936: 12732: 12640: 11884: 11848: 11670: 11610: 10999: 10881: 10791: 10648: 10618: 10553: 10493: 10463: 10099: 10044: 9886: 9758: 9491: 9081: 8426: 8352: 8192: 7939:

Curran, John (1998). "From Jovian to Theodosius". In Cameron, Averil; Garnsey, Peter (eds.).

7599: 6632: 5188: 5176: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the 4575: 4162: 3038: 3027: 2325: 2030: 1970: 1945: 1753: 1564:, who used all his prodigious skill and artistry to create a marvellous document full of the 1499: 1177: 953: 310: 12973: 8690: 2791:, two other early Christian universalists. One quotation cited in favour of this belief is: 2708:, who they claim fell short of Ambrose's administrative excellence but demonstrated greater 2335: 2310: 1866: 1091:, and the military, professed Arianism. Conflict between Ambrose and Justina soon followed. 13650: 13573: 13333: 13114: 13104: 13072: 12780: 12726: 12577: 11788: 11733: 11728: 10731: 10653: 10633: 10568: 10538: 10360: 10315: 10290: 10245: 10207: 10172: 10109: 10069: 9969: 9793: 8631: 7357: 4438:, translated by Martin McGuire, (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America, 1927) 4156:, while yet the monk Felice Peretti. Prefixed to it is the life of St. Ambrose composed by 2801: 2701: 2425: 2215: 2180: 2150: 2120: 2090: 1985: 1881: 1701: 1691: 1612: 1107: 1028: 923: 919: 858: 724: 567: 563: 439: 283: 95: 11763: 11743: 11009: 10658: 9857: 8791:

Sáry, Pál (2019). "Remarks on the Edict of Thessalonica of 380". In Vojtech Vladár (ed.).

8552: 7680: 7223: 6947: 2520: 8: 13655: 13543: 13154: 12818: 12619: 12547: 12367: 11838: 11718: 11560: 10826: 10711: 10691: 10628: 10588: 10558: 10508: 10488: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10385: 10255: 10129: 10026: 10017: 9964: 9563: 9483: 9416: 9315: 8793:

Perpauca Terrena Blande Honori dedicata pocta Petrovi Blahovi K Nedožitým 80. Narodeninám

5209:. Cistercian studies series, 236. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. p. 19. 4357:– ed. M. Petschenig 1919, Vol. 64; editio altera supplementis aucta – cur. M. Zelzer 1999 2804:(that both those in Heaven and in Hell undergo a bodily resurrection), or an allusion to 2490: 2360: 2240: 2175: 1980: 1908: 1787: 1776: 1711: 1513: 1495: 1322: 761: 11818: 10736: 8372:

Liebeschuetz, John Hugo Wolfgang Gideon; Hill, Carole; Mediolanensis, Ambrosius (2005).

7523:

St. Ambrose "On the mysteries" and the treatise "On the sacraments" by an unknown author

4322: 2415: 2375: 2330: 13400: 13310: 13298: 13275: 13139: 13049: 12991: 12861: 12824: 12799: 12634: 12488: 12400: 12096: 11879: 11874: 11823: 11748: 11103: 10951: 10841: 10796: 10786: 10716: 10701: 10598: 10583: 10578: 10513: 10478: 10473: 10370: 10320: 10295: 10260: 10225: 10104: 9994: 9984: 9929: 9896: 9655: 9454: 9308: 9290: 9136: 9005: 8747: 8522: 8499: 8482: 8480:(November 1994). "Desert Monasticism and the Later Fourth-Century Psalmodic Movement". 8252: 8138: 8075: 7994: 7927: 7906: 7801: 7650: 7543: 5041: 4253: 4241: 4204: 4192: 4171: 3219: 3107: 3052: 3048: 2992: 2800:

One could interpret this passage as being another example of the Christian belief in a

2705: 2686: 2633: 2560: 2185: 2165: 2135: 2085: 1960: 1955: 1903: 1718: 1318: 892:

in order to move to Milan, where he took over managing the diocese's temporal affairs.

870: 854: 800: 749: 583: 557: 270: 180: 130: 10365: 8420: 7602:. In Leemans, Johan; Nuffelen, Peter Van; Keough, Shawn W.J.; Nicolaye, Carla (eds.). 6921: 4726:

edict is the first known secular Roman law to positively assert a religious orthodoxy.

4687:

posito in administratione prefecture Galliarum patre eius Ambrosio natus est Ambrosius

4540:

Several of Ambrose's works have recently been published in the bilingual Latin-German

4426:

St. Ambrose "On the mysteries" and the treatise on the sacraments by an unknown author

2265: 12714: 12702: 12684: 12523: 11904: 11889: 11858: 11853: 11798: 11773: 11738: 11565: 11327: 11157: 11127: 10976: 10961: 10921: 10846: 10811: 10638: 10548: 10483: 10345: 10340: 10325: 10300: 10275: 10240: 10197: 10089: 10074: 9901: 9753: 9712: 9545: 9246: 9201: 9140: 9087: 9060: 9037: 8969: 8950: 8931: 8905: 8890: 8863: 8817: 8796: 8777: 8739: 8716: 8698: 8675: 8656: 8635: 8602: 8583: 8565: 8539: 8463: 8442: 8404: 8377: 8358: 8337: 8318: 8288: 8269: 8256: 8242: 8204: 8157: 8094: 8079: 8042: 8023: 7963: 7944: 7875: 7856: 7853:

Christianity and the rhetoric of empire : the development of Christian discourse

7837: 7818: 7767: 7752: 7731: 7712: 7693: 7667: 7628: 7607: 7584: 7566: 7174:"NPNF2-10. Ambrose: Selected Works and Letters – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 6806: 6780: 6636: 6195: 5210: 5033: 4542: 4296: 4276: 4197: 3227: 2968:, with whom he was also exchanging letters. Ambrose became a famous rhetorician whom 2965: 2788: 2709: 2694: 2645: 2545: 2470: 2455: 2450: 2420: 2390: 2355: 2350: 2275: 2205: 2115: 1886: 1649: 1517: 1239: 1069: 731:; but some scholars identify his father as an official named Uranius who received an 11019: 10771: 9333: 9274: 7960:

Episcopal Networks in Late Antiquity: Connection and Communication Across Boundaries

2783:. It has been noted that Ambrose's theology was significantly influenced by that of 2510: 2315: 13645: 13432: 13221: 13197: 13149: 13064: 12812: 12678: 12672: 12649: 12562: 12516: 11964: 11708: 11620: 11502: 11492: 11377: 11372: 11292: 11287: 11227: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11182: 11172: 11147: 11122: 11077: 10866: 10861: 10836: 10816: 10696: 10681: 10673: 10623: 10613: 10573: 10405: 10390: 10355: 10330: 10265: 9989: 9974: 9959: 9954: 9748: 9529: 9524: 9435: 9396: 9378: 9368: 9210: 9128: 8844: 8627: 8531: 8491: 8396: 8234: 8130: 8067: 8039:

Creation and Literary Re-Creation: Ambrose's Use of Philo in the Hexaemeral Letters

8015: 7986: 7898: 7889:

Chesnut, Glenn F. (1981). "The Date of Composition of Theodoret's Church history".

7793: 7659: 7443: 6628: 5025: 4668: 4660: 4655: 4647: 4617: 2833: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2550: 2480: 2405: 2230: 2140: 2045: 2020: 1990: 1758: 1666: 1544: 1223: 1057: 885: 865: 796: 788: 424: 10380: 9235: 8697:, translated by Joseph Costelloe, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 4784: 13500: 13457: 13447: 13442: 13395: 13389: 13325: 13245: 12849: 12708: 12613: 12604: 12535: 12418: 11899: 11758: 11645: 11630: 11527: 11487: 11472: 11452: 11397: 11322: 11312: 11282: 11272: 11207: 11177: 11137: 11132: 10956: 10876: 10831: 10776: 10663: 10608: 10498: 10350: 10235: 10162: 10084: 10049: 9949: 9727: 9299: 9166: 9031: 8857: 8457: 8436: 8312: 8228: 8151: 8088: 7746: 7406: 6189: 5204: 4608: 4157: 3134: 3095: 2570: 2530: 2475: 2410: 2400: 2370: 2365: 2340: 2295: 2280: 2260: 2200: 2145: 2075: 2010: 1494:

For example, Ambrose makes extensive and appreciative use of the works of a Jew,

1364: 1123: 769: 650: 646: 575: 553: 541: 521: 255: 59: 10871: 9804: 9197: 5850: 5587: 829:

first gave him a place as a judicial councillor, and then in about 372 made him

787:) in its history. Ambrose was the youngest of three children. His siblings were 13482: 13452: 13437: 13379: 13369: 13304: 13287: 13129: 12497: 11921: 11894: 11700: 11615: 11555: 11497: 11482: 11467: 11447: 11442: 11402: 11392: 11302: 11277: 11262: 11247: 11242: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11152: 11034: 11004: 10989: 10946: 10916: 10891: 10761: 10721: 10686: 10563: 10543: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10438: 10335: 10280: 10215: 10167: 10079: 9906: 9732: 9722: 9459: 8578:

Mediolanensis, Ambrose (2005). Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G.; Hill, Carole (eds.).

8511: 8477: 8108:

Gafford II, Joe Aaron (2015). "The Life and Conversion of Augustine of Hippo".

8071: 8058: 5206:

Outreach and Renewal: A First-millennium Legacy for the Third-millennium Church

4594: 3091: 3011: 2983:

that Ambrose was too busy to answer his questions. In a passage of Augustine's

2890: 2821: 2743:

training of his youth, enabled him to promulgate a lofty standard of Christian

2565: 2555: 2380: 2300: 2290: 2160: 2100: 1854: 1827: 1792: 1728: 1641: 1548: 1483: 1419: 1270: 1181: 1130: 1080: 989: 938: 904: 834: 830: 740: 716: 663: 533: 517: 510: 459: 414: 184: 12982: 11723: 9132: 8885:

in Ambrose' theology of community". In Gannaway, Ethan; Grant, Robert (eds.).

8153:

Early Latin theology: selections from Tertullian, Cyprian, Ambrose, and Jerome

6995: 2515: 13639: 13517: 13374: 13257: 13179: 13119: 13082: 12836: 12696: 12194: 11953: 11843: 11828: 11808: 11753: 11713: 11517: 11512: 11462: 11457: 11387: 11367: 11332: 11297: 11267: 11237: 11232: 11162: 11057: 11029: 10994: 10926: 10906: 10187: 10182: 10064: 9861: 9501: 9364: 9064: 8743: 8304:

Some account of the Council of Nicæa in connexion with the life of Athanasius

8200: 8178: 7018: 6971: 5177: 5037: 4567: 4315:

Hexameron, De paradiso, De Cain, De Noe, De Abraham, De Isaac, De bono mortis

4153: 3126: 2906: 2829: 2465: 2395: 2210: 2195: 2155: 2070: 2025: 2015: 1876: 1802: 1748: 1723: 1557: 1259: 982: 804: 404: 9240: 8848: 8187:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 798–799. 7990: 5838: 5679: 5667: 5575: 5129: 2889:

The theological treatises of Ambrose of Milan would come to influence Popes

13505: 13477: 13407: 13099: 12943: 12911: 12903: 12830: 12806: 12792: 12786: 12690: 12334: 12083: 11833: 11532: 11522: 11507: 11437: 11412: 11347: 11307: 11257: 11167: 11082: 10886: 10766: 10741: 10310: 10119: 9911: 9849: 9780: 9768: 9717: 9703: 8395:. Vol. 4. Translated by Bertram Lee Woolf. London: Lutterworth Press. 6127: 5802: 4622: 4300: 4280: 3235: 2698: 2590: 2130: 2005: 1844: 1576: 1553: 1471: 1337: 1314: 1204: 993: 942: 705: 658: 591: 529: 314: 188: 67: 8996:

Verlag, Franz Steiner (1976). "Arbogast and the Death of Valentinian II".

8495: 8400: 8238: 4420:

A Select Library of Nicene and Post–Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church

3155: 3022: 3014:

did occur in antiquity and that it was not generally regarded as unusual.

1595: 13563: 13537: 13530: 13523: 13510: 13495: 13490: 13209: 13192: 13144: 11793: 11640: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11407: 11357: 11352: 11342: 11317: 11252: 11142: 10941: 10931: 10911: 10781: 10756: 10285: 10192: 9979: 8759:

Salzman, Michele Renee (2006). "Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals".

8134: 7797: 5790: 4700: 4506:, translated by Charles Kraszewski, (Lehman, PA: Libella Veritatis, 1999) 4397: 4393: 4384: 4374: 4364: 3267: 3205: 3044: 2855: 2600: 2595: 2505: 2495: 2485: 2385: 2225: 2220: 2190: 2125: 2105: 1741: 1645: 1185: 912: 908: 822:. He then followed in his father's footsteps and entered public service. 687: 504: 375: 322: 318: 209: 9083:

Darkness Descends: A.D. 350 to 565, the Fall of the Western Roman Empire

1213: 1184:, determining that only Christians who did not support Arian views were 903:(died 336) was a Christian priest who around the year 300 asserted that 13384: 13265: 12460: 12110: 12043: 12036: 11803: 11477: 11362: 11337: 11187: 11024: 10305: 9698: 9325: 9278: 9119:

Gilliard, Frank D. (1984). "Senatorial Bishops in the Fourth Century".

9021:; Elm, Susanna; Maas, Michael; Rapp, Claudia; Salzman, Michael (eds.). 9018: 9009: 8751: 7998: 7931: 7910: 7542:, ed. by Deferrari, Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, vol. 44. 5045: 5014:"Patrologiae cursus completus, Series Latina. Supplementum, Volumen IV" 4704: 4148:

The history of the editions of the works of St. Ambrose is a long one.

2961: 2945: 2845:

Other scholars interpret Ambrose's soteriology to be in agreement with

2825: 2732: 2728: 2050: 1763: 1671: 1504: 1360: 1341: 1282: 957: 952:

In this state of religious ferment, two leaders of the Arians, bishops

889: 811: 708: 494: 205: 140: 9473:

Faith, Hope and Love, as portrayed by Mary Lizzie Macomber (1861–1916)

8503: 8142: 7805: 7286: 1094:

The Arians demanded that Valentinian allocate to them two churches in

13412: 12017: 11783: 11690: 11382: 11044: 10896: 10139: 10004: 9881: 9583: 8172: 8121:

Gavrilov, AK (1997). "Techniques of Reading in Classical Antiquity".

5013: 4708: 2969: 2949: 2902: 2878: 2874: 2805: 2717: 1782: 1686: 1479: 1475: 1247: 874: 595: 428: 294: 9268:

Ambrose in Anglo-Saxon England, with Pseudo-Ambrose and Ambrosiaster

8332:

Kempf, Friedrich (1980). Dolan, John Patrick; Jedin, Hubert (eds.).

7902: 7006: 6048: 5029: 981:

Ambrose had good relations and varying levels of influence with the

918:

Arianism appealed to many high-level leaders and clergy in both the

13233: 13187: 13124: 12948: 12932: 12856: 12010: 11936: 11768: 11605: 11585: 10643: 10593: 10395: 10124: 9934: 9635: 9613: 9603: 9593: 9553: 9386: 9219: 9215: 7728:

The Rise of Western Christendom, Triumph and Diversity, AD 200-1000

7622: 4712: 3262: 3215: 3198: 2929: 2898: 2894: 2736: 2724: 2713: 2628: 1995: 1965: 1871: 1861: 1839: 1768: 1580: 1522: 1509: 1310: 1189: 1099: 1053: 965: 819: 744: 587: 537: 497: 486: 482: 368: 8419: 7834:

The Cambridge Ancient History: The Late Empire, A.D. 337–425. XIII

7709:

Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity: Towards a Christian Empire

6009: 13270: 13109: 12343: 12124: 11660: 11635: 11580: 11097: 11062: 10503: 10157: 10012: 9406: 8156:. Library of Christian classics. Vol. 5. Westminster Press. 7323: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7313: 4788: 4547: 4528:

Commentary of Saint Ambrose on the Gospel according to Saint Luke

4292: 4149: 4142: 3173:(Cod. Sang. 97 p. 51). The work is probably Ambrose's best known. 3103: 2320: 1975: 1898: 1893: 1772: 1203:

writes that the Edict of Thessalonica was neither anti-pagan nor

1033: 1006: 985: 927: 784: 765: 545: 326: 8926:

Tierney, Brian; Painter, Sidney (1978). "The Christian Church".

8816:. Vol. II: Texts and Documents, 1986–2007. Ignatius Press. 7407:"Ambrosian chant | Origins, History & Notation | Britannica" 2723:

Ambrose's intense episcopal consciousness furthered the growing

13292: 12872: 12361: 11665: 11600: 11590: 11575: 11550: 10603: 10230: 9444: 6970:

Ambrose (1907), "Exposition of the Christian Faith, Book III",

6668: 6060: 4512:, translated by Íde M. Ní Riain, (Dublin: Halcyon Press, 2000) 3086: 3031: 2957: 2851: 2846: 2796:

appointed times, between the first and the second resurrection.

2784: 2744: 2740: 2690: 2080: 2040: 2000: 1278: 1170: 1084: 678: 608:

Christianization of the Roman Empire as diffusion of innovation

73: 9231:

Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Works of Ambrose of Milan

9161:. Translated by John A. Lacy. New York: Fathers of the Church. 9033:

The Spirit of Early Christian Thought: Seeking the Face of God

7424: 7310: 7090: 5973: 5394: 4141:, a 1527 edition of Ambrose's writings compiled and edited by 11655: 11650: 11625: 11595: 11570: 11087: 11072: 11067: 10177: 9865: 9685: 9665: 9645: 9429: 8376:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Liverpool University Press. 8371: 6600: 6489: 6223: 6096: 5910: 5856: 5844: 5808: 5685: 5673: 5604: 5602: 5593: 5581: 5143: 5141: 4829: 4589: 3239: 3223: 3099: 2953: 1142: 1138: 1118:

In 386, Justina and Valentinian II received the Arian bishop

1095: 1088: 900: 878: 756:

A legend about Ambrose as an infant recounts that a swarm of

712: 571: 47: 9150:

The Emperor Theodosius and the Establishment of Christianity

9105:. Vol. 26, 42, 44, 65. New York: Fathers of the Church. 7255: 7134:""St. Ambrose", Catholic Communications, Sydney Archdiocese" 6756: 6072: 5754: 4785:"Saint Ambrose, in the Sacello di San Vittore in Ciel d'Oro" 4500:, translated by Íde Ní Riain, (Dublin: Halcyon Press, 1998) 3110:

in 1893, however, scholars have dismissed this attribution.

12940: 11114: 11092: 11052: 10270: 9675: 9625: 9186:. Translated by Hoffman, Manfred. New York: Harper and Row. 8810:

Sharkey, Michael; Weinandy, Thomas, eds. (1 January 2009).

7958:

Cvetković, Carmen Angela; Gemeinhardt, Peter, eds. (2019).

7624:

Provincial Cilicia and the Archaeology of Temple Conversion

7151: 6844: 6680: 6247: 6235: 6026: 6024: 5744: 5742: 5449: 5437: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4736:

from the imperial court was relatively non-confrontational.

3142: 2110: 1134: 1076: 720: 8887:

Ambrose of Milan and Community Formation in Late Antiquity

7692:(illustrated reprint ed.). Harvard University Press. 7477: 7333: 7298: 7114: 6856: 6540: 6501: 5814: 5599: 5553: 5551: 5324: 5322: 5138: 5112: 5110: 5095: 4981: 4877: 3913:

An Explanation of the Creed for Those about to be Baptised

3181:(377–378). Most have approximate dates, and works such as 8562:

Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital

7066: 7042: 6868: 6530: 6528: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6438: 6436: 5961: 5937: 5898: 5703: 5691: 5512: 5500: 4928: 4889: 4530:, translated by Íde M. Ní Riain, (Dublin: Halcyon, 2001) 4220:(in Latin). Vol. 11, 32, 62, 64, 73, 78–79. Vienna: 3231: 2812:

The Jews feared to believe in manhood taken up into God,

1313:

marched into Italy to consolidate their position against

1041:

for a statement of his faith – in two volumes – known as

815: 757: 7506: 7504: 7489: 7467: 7465: 7377: 7375: 7054: 7030: 6820: 6744: 6723: 6711: 6513: 6423: 6421: 6283: 6213: 6211: 6036: 6021: 5985: 5927: 5925: 5886: 5874: 5739: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 4952: 4381:

De spiritu sancto, De incarnationis dominicae sacramento

8772:

Salzman, Michele; Sághy, Marianne; Testa, Rita (2016).

7197:

Ambrose of Milan, Expositio in Lucam 2, 17; PL 15, 1640

6832: 6588: 6408: 6406: 6259: 6145: 5997: 5643: 5548: 5524: 5466: 5464: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5406: 5382: 5319: 5250: 5226: 5153: 5107: 4993: 4969: 4918: 4916: 4901: 4347:

1913, Vol. 62; editio altera supplementis aucta – cur.

3141:, Church of the Benedictines at Couvrechef – La Folie ( 8008:

Enchantment and Creed in the Hymns of Ambrose of Milan

7387: 7244: 7242: 6656: 6576: 6564: 6552: 6525: 6472: 6448: 6433: 6307: 6108: 6084: 5052: 3000:

is an anecdote which bears on the history of reading:

2816:, because they reject that on which salvation depends. 1336:

Soon after acquiring the undisputed possession of the

30:"St. Ambrose" redirects here. For the university, see 9363: 9023:

Violence in Late Antiquity: Perceptions and Practices

7784:

Burnyeat, MF (1997). "Postscript on silent reading".

7501: 7462: 7372: 7102: 7078: 6418: 6379: 6355: 6208: 5922: 5862: 5766: 5727: 5715: 5614: 5563: 5346: 5307: 5286: 5238: 5064: 4940: 1433:. Spanish, Palencia. Wood with traces of polychromy. 1219:

Saint Ambrose barring Theodosius from Milan Cathedral

764:

of his future eloquence and honeyed tongue. Bees and

11994: 8983:

Trout, D. (2000). "Paulinus of Nola (Book Review)".

7345: 6403: 6391: 6367: 6331: 6295: 6271: 5949: 5826: 5488: 5476: 5461: 5418: 5370: 5083: 5012:

van der Nat, P. G.; Hamman, Adalberto (March 1971).

4913: 4557: 3246:

is usually attributed to Ambrose, while the related

3214:(395) are among his most noted works. In matters of 2820:

This could be interpreted as something which is not

13596:

Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions

8599:

Ambrose: Church and Society in the Late Roman World

8268:(illustrated ed.). Routledge. pp. intro. 8093:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 7239: 6928:. Boston and Chicago: Universalist Publishing House 6343: 6319: 5536: 5358: 4865: 4841: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4252:Based on the Maurist edition published in Paris by 4203:Based on the Maurist edition published in Paris by 560:(354–430), whom he helped convert to Christianity. 309:Bakers of honeybread, bees, bishops, candlemakers, 9291:Augustine's account of the penitence of Theodosius 8947:Hellenic religion and Christianization, c. 370-529 8515: 7643: 6460: 5778: 5655: 5262: 4008:On the Sacrament of Regeneration, or On Philosophy 779:, which would make Ambrose a cousin of the orator 566:identified Ambrose as one of its four traditional 9834: 8771: 8715:. The Early Church Fathers. New York: Routledge. 8430:. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 7578: 7561:Attwater, Donald; John, Catherine Rachel (1993), 7012: 6741:Ambrose Epistles 17-18; Symmachus Relationes 1-3. 6674: 5400: 5274: 5192:. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 5011: 4853: 4428:, translated by T Thompson, (London: SPCK, 1919) 3726: 1560:. The pagan party was led by the refined senator 783:. The family had produced one martyr (the virgin 13637: 9287:from the Caxton translation of the Golden Legend 9181: 8859:The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy 8580:Ambrose of Milan: Political Letters and Speeches 8374:Ambrose of Milan: Political Letters and Speeches 6803:Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus 4802: 4534:Ambrose of Milan: political letters and speeches 4139:Divi Ambrosii Episcopi Mediolanensis Omnia Opera 4004:De sacramento regenerationis sive de philosophia 1037:to Ambrose and asking him to explain his faith. 937:) supported orthodoxy, his younger half brother 857:, an Arian, died, and the Arians challenged the 8833:"The Altar of Victory – Paganism's Last Battle" 8809: 8459:Christianizing the Roman Empire: (A.D. 100-400) 8090:Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius 7163:Ambrose of Milan, De Mysteriis, 59, pp. 16, 410 4835: 4107:Against Auxentius on Handing over the Basilicas 2814:and therefore have lost the grace of redemption 1106:Subsequently, while Ambrose was performing the 536:. Tradition credits Ambrose with developing an 477:, was a theologian and statesman who served as 9100: 8930:(3rd ed.). New York, NY: Alfred A Knopf. 8925: 7832:Cameron, Averil; Garnsey, Peter, eds. (1998). 6901: 6886: 1535:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire 12888: 11980: 9820: 9349: 8577: 6253: 6241: 6229: 5147: 4486:Saint Ambrose: theological and dogmatic works 2666: 473: – 4 April 397), venerated as 8776:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 8438:Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years 8263: 7855:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 7813:Butler, Alban (1991). Walsh, Michael (ed.). 7560: 6194:. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December 2019. 5916: 4963: 4510:Commentary of Saint Ambrose on twelve psalms 4271:. Vol. 22, 42, 44, 65. Washington DC.: 4217:Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 3706:A Commentary on the Gospel according to Luke 3081:" (also known as "Intende qui regis Israel") 1344:. Ambrose's body may still be viewed in the 8928:Western Europe in the Middle Ages, 300–1475 6996:"Exposition of the Christian Faith, Book V" 6621:"The Religious History of the Roman Empire" 6612: 5857:Liebeschuetz, Hill & Mediolanensis 2005 5845:Liebeschuetz, Hill & Mediolanensis 2005 5809:Liebeschuetz, Hill & Mediolanensis 2005 5686:Liebeschuetz, Hill & Mediolanensis 2005 5674:Liebeschuetz, Hill & Mediolanensis 2005 5594:Liebeschuetz, Hill & Mediolanensis 2005 5582:Liebeschuetz, Hill & Mediolanensis 2005 2972:came to hear speak. Augustine wrote in his 1556:and to again provide support for the seven 1367:on 7 December, and is also honoured in the 964:composed of thirty-two bishops was held at 666:, and also an ascetic who served the poor. 12895: 12881: 11987: 11973: 9827: 9813: 9356: 9342: 9050: 9025:. University of California, Santa Barbara. 8966:Paulinus of Nola: Life, Letters, and Poems 8919:St. Ambrose: His Life, Times, and Teaching 8903: 8855: 8434: 8149: 8107: 7917: 7339: 7261: 7096: 6915: 6913: 6777:The nature of the gods; and, On divination 6507: 5232: 4934: 4246:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3888:On the Sacrament of the Lord's Incarnation 2673: 2659: 1528: 1176:On 28 February 380, Theodosius issued the 1052:It seems that by 382 Ambrose had replaced 66: 9169:. Patron Saints Index. SPQN. January 2009 8998:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 8761:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 8732:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 8648: 8615: 8455: 8390: 8217: 8086: 8055: 8020:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788225.001.0001 7957: 7565:(3rd ed.), New York: Penguin Books, 6850: 6826: 6805:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6762: 6750: 6717: 6606: 6495: 6078: 6066: 6042: 5991: 5880: 5760: 5748: 5649: 5608: 5557: 5388: 5328: 5256: 5159: 5116: 5101: 4999: 4987: 4907: 4625:, early English translator of St. Ambrose 657:Legends about Ambrose had spread through 13701:Burials at the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio 9156: 9118: 9016: 8944: 8916: 8830: 8596: 8510: 8476: 8417: 8120: 7976: 7783: 7579:Augustine; Lombardo, Gregory J. (1988). 7430: 7327: 7304: 7292: 7060: 7036: 6729: 6702: 6698: 6625:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 6289: 6003: 5967: 5202: 5058: 4922: 4847: 4133: 3154: 3085:Each of these hymns has eight four-line 3021: 1465: 1418: 1386: 1292: 1288: 1212: 673: 601: 552:", is secure; they form the core of the 12568:Guglielmo II della Pusterla (1361–1370) 9249:: text, concordances and frequency list 9079: 8795:. Trnavská univerzity. pp. 67–80. 8758: 8729: 8669: 8619:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity 8536:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00751 8226: 8036: 7888: 7869: 7850: 7664:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13648 7641: 7366: 6969: 6910: 6874: 6838: 6686: 6594: 6582: 6570: 6558: 6546: 6534: 6483: 6454: 6442: 6151: 6102: 6090: 6054: 6030: 5979: 5943: 5820: 5772: 4103:Contra Auxentium de basilicis tradendis 3238:, and in the place which he assigns to 2779:Some scholars argue that Ambrose was a 715:) the capital of the Roman province of 14: 13638: 9109: 9029: 8995: 8710: 8688: 8559: 8282: 8191: 8170: 8005: 7962:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 7938: 7812: 7597: 7510: 7495: 7483: 7471: 7393: 7381: 7351: 7273: 6919: 6862: 6774: 6633:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.114 6519: 6373: 6337: 6313: 6301: 6277: 6265: 6114: 6015: 5931: 5904: 5892: 5868: 5832: 5733: 5721: 5709: 5697: 5637: 5569: 5530: 5518: 5506: 5494: 5482: 5470: 5455: 5443: 5431: 5412: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5340: 5313: 5301: 5244: 5089: 5077: 4975: 4946: 4895: 4883: 4871: 4823: 4760: 4756: 4667: 4498:Homilies of Saint Ambrose on Psalm 118 4480:Hexameron, Paradise, and Cain and Abel 4331: – ed. C. Schenkl 1897, Vol. 32/2 4222:Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna 3647:Explanations of Twelve Psalms of David 926:empires. Although the western Emperor 12876: 12589:Francesco III Piccolpasso (1433–1443) 11968: 9808: 9337: 8982: 8963: 8949:. Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. 8876: 8331: 8310: 8150:Greenslade, Stanley Lawrence (1956). 7765: 7744: 7725: 7706: 7687: 7604:Episcopal Elections in Late Antiquity 7228:, Christian Classics Ethereal library 7120: 7108: 7084: 7072: 7048: 7024: 6800: 6618: 6427: 6412: 6397: 6385: 6361: 6349: 6325: 6217: 5955: 5799:, pp. 72–74, fn. 32, 33, 34, 77. 5542: 4859: 4811: 4654: 3884:De incarnationis dominicae sacramento 3643:Enarrationes in xii psalmos davidicos 2861: 1222:a "pious fiction" painted in 1619 by 976: 12646:Giovan Angelo Arcimboldi (1550–1555) 9147: 9101:Deferrari, Roy J., ed. (1954–1972). 8813:International Theological Commission 8790: 8632:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001 8354:From Rome to Byzantium AD 363 to 565 8301: 8285:The Formation of Western Christendom 8222:. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. 5796: 5784: 5280: 5268: 4273:Catholic University of America Press 4185: 4182:(Milan, 1878) in six folio volumes. 3830: 1309:of the West) and his puppet Emperor 1180:, a decree addressed to the city of 590:denominations, and venerated as the 12509:Filippo I da Lampugnano (1196–1206) 12500:(1185–1187, elected Pope Urban III) 8652:Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition 8350: 8266:Theodosius and the Limits of Empire 8230:Theodosius and the Limits of Empire 7831: 7620: 6779:. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. 6662: 6466: 5661: 4201:(in Latin). Vol. 14–17. Paris. 3708:]. Vol. 10 books. 377–389. 1075:In 383 Gratian was assassinated at 27:Christian theologian (c. 339 – 397) 24: 12954:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 12529:Guglielmo I da Rizolio (1230–1241) 12512:Umberto IV da Pirovano (1206–1211) 12506:Umberto III da Terzago (1195–1196) 10727:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 9845:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints 9468: 9152:. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. 9073: 8336:. Vol. 3. Burns & Oates. 8334:The Church in the Age of Feudalism 7600:"The Election of Ambrose of Milan" 7534:Roy J. Deferrari, introduction to 7444:"Ambrose, De officiis ministrorum" 7221: 6949:The Church Fathers on Universalism 4335:Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam 3844:]. Vol. 5 books. 378–380. 3702:Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam 3689:A Commentary on the Prophet Isaiah 3603:]. Vol. 4 books. 383–394. 3277:]. Vol. 6 books. 386–390. 3187:Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam 1412:they did not become actual monks. 848: 321:makers, learning, schoolchildren, 72:Detail from possibly contemporary 25: 13777: 13671:4th-century Christian theologians 12848:$ =considered an intruder by the 12809:(1954–1963, elected Pope Paul VI) 12789:(1921–1922, elected Pope Pius XI) 12595:Giovanni III Visconti (1450–1453) 12484:Umberto I da Pirovano (1146–1166) 9191: 9184:Men Who Shaped the Western Church 9112:The Life and Times of St. Ambrose 8889:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 8693:Saint Ambrose: His Life and Times 5186:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 5182:Loughlin, James Francis (1907). " 3098:also known simply as "antiphonal 2769:When in Rome, do as the Romans do 1063: 13620: 13619: 12902: 12855: 12553:Aicardo da Intimiano (1317–1339) 12544:Francesco I da Parma (1296–1308) 11996:Bishops and Archbishops of Milan 11947: 11935: 11814:María de las Maravillas de Jesús 11671:Seven Maccabees and their mother 10857:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War 9223: 8424:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 7874:. USA: Oxford University Press. 7563:The Penguin Dictionary of Saints 7528: 7516: 7436: 7399: 7369:, "1. History of the repertory". 7267: 7215: 7200: 7191: 7166: 7157: 7144: 7126: 6988: 6963: 6940: 6895: 6880: 6794: 6768: 6735: 6182: 6157: 6120: 5171: 4749: 4739: 4729: 4560: 4337:– ed. C. Schenkl 1902, Vol. 32/4 4287: 4214: 4091: 4066: 4041: 4013: 3979: 3942: 3921: 3909:Explanatio symboli ad initiandos 3897: 3872: 3851: 3719: 3715: 3694: 3677: 3656: 3635: 3610: 3589: 3568: 3551: 3526: 3501: 3476: 3451: 3426: 3401: 3380: 3359: 3334: 3309: 3284: 3115: 2932:as superior to marriage and saw 2924:the promised fruit of salvation. 2639: 2627: 1635: 1627: 1619: 1594: 827:Sextus Claudius Petronius Probus 638: 633:Engraving of a statue of Ambrose 626: 614: 13569:Latin Church in the Middle East 12583:Francesco II Crippa (1409–1414) 12574:Antonio de' Saluzzi (1380–1401) 12541:Ruffino da Frisseto (1295–1296) 12494:Algisio da Pirovano (1176–1185) 9182:von Campenhausen, Hans (1964). 9159:Life of St. Ambrose by Paulinus 8616:Nicholson, Oliver, ed. (2018). 7766:Brown, Peter (1 January 2021). 7583:. New York, NY: Paulist Press. 6775:Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1997). 6675:Salzman, Sághy & Testa 2016 5401:Salzman, Sághy & Testa 2016 5334: 5196: 5165: 5122: 5005: 4719: 4692: 4675: 4474:Saint Ambrose on the sacraments 3597:De interpellatione Iob et David 3373:]. Vol. 2 books. 380s. 2704:. Theologians compare him with 1264: 932: 313:, domestic animals, the French 13676:4th-century Gallo-Roman people 12787:Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti 8877:Smith, J. Warren (2021). "12: 8856:Siecienski, A. Edward (2010). 8672:Byzantium: The Early Centuries 8582:. Liverpool University Press. 8357:. Edinburgh University Press. 8287:. Princeton University Press. 8087:Errington, R. Malcolm (2006). 7751:. Princeton University Press. 7553: 7540:Theological and Dogmatic Works 7274:Fenton, James (28 July 2006). 6976:, New York: Robert Appleton Co 4777: 4641: 4600:St. Ambrose Cathedral, Linares 4265:Catholic University of America 4263: 4191: 4112: 4095: 4087: 4070: 4062: 4045: 4037: 3996: 3975: 3946: 3938: 3935:]. Vol. 6 books. 390. 3917: 3901: 3893: 3876: 3868: 3847: 3823: 3806: 3789: 3772: 3743: 3727:Moral and ascetical commentary 3711: 3673: 3652: 3631: 3626:A Defense of the Prophet David 3614: 3606: 3585: 3547: 3530: 3522: 3505: 3497: 3480: 3472: 3455: 3447: 3430: 3422: 3405: 3397: 3376: 3355: 3338: 3330: 3313: 3305: 3288: 3280: 3090:hymns, while the musicologist 2944:Ambrose studied theology with 2774: 2731:ministry, while the prevalent 855:the bishop of Milan, Auxentius 845:, with headquarters in Milan. 803:sometime between 352 and 355; 719:in what was then northeastern 13: 1: 12592:Enrico II Rampini (1443–1450) 12586:Bartolommeo Capra (1414–1433) 12503:Milone da Cardano (1187–1195) 11779:Faustina and Liberata of Como 10967:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia 10912:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross 9836:Saints of the Catholic Church 9257:The Online Library of Liberty 9086:. Christian History Project. 9030:Wilken, Robert Louis (2003). 8670:Norwich, John Julius (1989). 8435:MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2010). 8393:The Era of the Church Fathers 8171:Grieve, Alexander J. (1911). 7941:The Late Empire, A.D. 337–425 7778:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 7013:Augustine & Lombardo 1988 4629: 4404:(Vol. 82/2: lib. 7–9, 1982); 4396:(Vol. 82/1: lib. 1–6, 1968); 4371:De fide ad Gratianum Augustum 4228: 3163: 1427: 1154: 1010: 669: 467: 172: 77: 13681:4th-century writers in Latin 13666:4th-century Christian saints 12721:Benedetto II Erba Odescalchi 12610:Carlo I da Forlì (1457–1461) 12571:Simon da Borsano (1370–1380) 12358:Andrea of Canciano (899–906) 8968:. University of California. 8553:UK public library membership 8037:Elliott, Paul M. C. (2019). 7815:Butler's lives of the saints 7681:UK public library membership 7645:"Hymn: II. Monophonic Latin" 7295:, p. 56–73, esp. 70–71. 6922:"18. Additional Authorities" 6191:Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 6057:, p. 74 (and note 177). 6018:, pp. 291–292, 330–333. 4770: 4546:series (currently edited by 4418:H. Wace and P. Schaff, eds, 4391:Epistulae et acta – ed. 4355:Explanatio super psalmos XII 2939: 2901:. Central to Ambrose is the 2884: 1378: 864:Ambrose, though known to be 645:Fresco of Ambrose baptizing 513:figures of the 4th century. 325:, students, wax melters and 7: 13661:4th-century Italian bishops 12631:Ottaviano Arcimboldi (1497) 12472:Ulrich da Corte (1120–1126) 12431:Gotofredo II da Castiglione 9222:(public domain audiobooks) 8945:Trombley, Frank R. (2001). 8917:Thornton, Robinson (1879). 8264:Hebblewhite, Mark (2020a). 7817:. New York: HarperCollins. 7711:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. 6701:, pp. 166–168, Vol I; 4836:Sharkey & Weinandy 2009 4553: 4129: 4057:On the Death of Valentinian 4032:On the Death of his Brother 3991:An Explanation of the Faith 3801:An Instruction for a Virgin 3664:Expositio in Psalmum cxviii 3601:The Prayer of Job and David 3467:On Iacob and the Happy Life 3254: 3171:Abbey library of Saint Gall 3169:manuscript now kept in the 3150: 2936:as the model of virginity. 2735:of the day, continuing the 1586: 1327:Saints Vitalis and Agricola 895: 791:, the subject of Ambrose's 516:Ambrose was serving as the 10: 13782: 12598:Nicolò Amidano (1453–1454) 12532:Leon da Perego (1241–1257) 11942:Catholic Church portal 10902:Saints of the Cristero War 9121:Harvard Theological Review 9114:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 8711:Ramsey, Boniface (2002) . 8456:MacMullen, Ramsay (1984). 8227:Hebblewhite, Mark (2020). 8218:Hagendahl, Harald (1967). 8197:The Encyclopedia of Saints 8072:10.1524/klio.1997.79.2.398 7225:Letter of Basil to Ambrose 6705:, pp. 335–336, Vol II 4614:Ambrose University College 4581:Ambrosian Liturgy and Rite 4412: 4341:Expositio de psalmo CXVIII 4291:. Vol. 14. Turnhout: 4082:On the Death of Theodosius 4020: 3738:On the Duties of Ministers 3685:Expositio Esaiae prophetae 3036: 1682:Principle of Double Effect 1562:Quintus Aurelius Symmachus 1532: 1435:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1424:Saint Ambrose in His Study 1350:Saints Gervase and Protase 1165:While Ambrose was writing 1158: 999: 781:Quintus Aurelius Symmachus 729:praetorian prefect of Gaul 621:Painting by Michael Pacher 605: 266:Oriental Orthodox Churches 29: 13609: 13591:Eastern Catholic Churches 13556: 13470: 13423: 13362: 13349: 13324: 13256: 13178: 13063: 13000: 12925: 12910: 12846: 12807:Giovanni Battista Montini 12774:Luigi Nazari di Calabiana 12745:Giovanni Battista Caprara 12664: 12256: 12224: 12002: 11930: 11867: 11699: 11541: 11113: 11043: 10975: 10937:Three Martyrs of Chimbote 10707:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala 10672: 10437: 10404: 10206: 10148: 10035: 10003: 9920: 9882:Mother of God (Theotokos) 9872: 9842: 9789: 9741: 9540: 9480: 9466: 9375: 9322: 9313: 9305: 9298: 9207:Works by or about Ambrose 9133:10.1017/s0017816000014279 9110:Dudden, F. Homes (1935). 9103:The Fathers of the Church 9036:. Yale University Press. 8964:Trout, Dennis E. (1999). 8649:Nirenberg, David (2013). 8462:. Yale University Press. 8317:. London: A&C Black. 8314:Early Christian Doctrines 8006:Dunkle, Brian P. (2016). 7621:Bayliss, Richard (2004). 6973:The Catholic Encyclopedia 6801:Sherk, Robert K. (1984). 4656:[ˌsantamˈbrɔːdʒo] 4119: 3668:A Commentary on Psalm 118 3106:". Since the hymnologist 1323:translation of the relics 793:De excessu fratris Satyri 698:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio 544:, and for composing the " 449: 445: 434: 420: 410: 400: 393: 353: 345: 340:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio 335: 289: 279: 261:Eastern Orthodox Churches 248: 240: 235: 227: 222:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio 216: 195: 164: 159: 151: 146: 136: 126: 118: 110: 102: 91: 85:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio 65: 58: 45: 13686:4th-century philosophers 12762:Bartolomeo Carlo Romilli 12733:Giuseppe II Pozzobonelli 12626:Guido Antonio Arcimboldi 11083:Joseph (father of Jesus) 10469:Athanasius of Alexandria 10251:Athanasius of Alexandria 10135:Theophanes the Confessor 10115:Paul I of Constantinople 10110:Paphnutius the Confessor 10055:Athanasius the Confessor 8560:McLynn, Neil B. (1994), 8418:Loughlin, James (1907). 8391:Lietzmann, Hans (1951). 8311:Kelly, J. N. D. (2000). 7851:Cameron, Averil (1991). 7730:. Blackwell Publishing. 7627:. Oxford: Archaeopress. 7252:Book Six, Chapter Three. 5203:McSherry, James (2011). 4964:Attwater & John 1993 4634: 4605:Saint Ambrose University 4308: 3797:De institutione virginis 3622:Apologia prophetae David 3442:On Flight from the World 3275:The Six Days of Creation 3139:Creation of the universe 3074:"Iam surgit hora tertia" 3068:"Aeterne rerum conditor" 3017: 2991:In this same passage of 2905:of Mary and her role as 1456:Sermon Against Auxentius 1346:church of Saint Ambrogio 1333:in early September 394. 1235:Massacre of Thessalonica 1228:National Gallery, London 1161:Massacre of Thessalonica 704:Ambrose was born into a 83:–500) of Ambrose in the 36:Ambrose (disambiguation) 13751:Letter writers in Latin 13691:4th-century Roman poets 13339:Liturgical use of Latin 12965:Pierbattista Pizzaballa 12433:(1070–1075, antibishop) 12231:St Honoratus (560–571?) 11015:Gregory the Illuminator 10985:Augustine of Canterbury 10534:Dionysius of Alexandria 10449:Alexander of Alexandria 8849:10.3406/antiq.1966.1466 8831:Sheridan, J.J. (1966). 8689:Paredi, Angelo (1964), 8624:Oxford University Press 8597:Moorhead, John (2014). 8528:Oxford University Press 8283:Herrin, Judith (1987). 8184:Encyclopædia Britannica 8012:Oxford University Press 7991:10.1163/157007295X00086 7872:The Last Pagans of Rome 7773:Encyclopædia Britannica 7656:Oxford University Press 7642:Boynton, Susan (2001). 5982:, pp. 60, 63, 131. 4759:, pp. 436–440 and 4664: 4258:Denis-Nicolas Le Nourry 4209:Denis-Nicolas Le Nourry 4084:]. 25 February 395. 3814:Exhortatio virginitatis 3734:De officiis ministrorum 3218:he is, like Hilary, an 3195:De officiis ministrorum 3191:De officiis ministrorum 3160:De officiis ministrorum 2749:De officiis ministrorum 1798:Theological determinism 1529:Attitude towards pagans 1359:in the calendar of the 1098:: one in the city (the 801:profession of virginity 580:Eastern Orthodox Church 491:De officiis ministrorum 363:De officiis ministrorum 13601:Western Rite Orthodoxy 13241:Santiago de Compostela 13170:1983 Code of Canon Law 13145:Protestant Reformation 13088:Historical development 12862:Catholicism portal 12768:Paolo Angelo Ballerini 12756:Carlo Gaetano Gaisruck 12739:Filippo Maria Visconti 12476:Anselmo della Pusterla 12297:Theodorus II (732–746) 10454:Alexander of Jerusalem 10060:Chariton the Confessor 10022:in the Catholic Church 9474: 9300:Catholic Church titles 9243:Extensive bibliography 9236:Hymni Ambrosii (Latin) 8174:"Ambrose, Saint" 7870:Cameron, Alan (2011). 7598:Barnes, T. D. (2011). 6069:, pp. 1482, 1484. 4669:[ˌsãːtãˈbrøːs] 4651: 4586:Saint Ambrose Basilica 4492:Seven exegetical works 4180:Paolo Angelo Ballerini 4145: 3818:In Praise of Virginity 3463:De Iacob et vita beata 3174: 3079:Veni redemptor gentium 3034: 3026:Mosaic of Ambrose, in 3007: 2843: 2818: 2798: 2781:Christian universalist 2727:of the Church and its 2634:Catholicism portal 1986:Gregory (of Nazianzus) 1850:Christian Neoplatonism 1566:maiestas populi Romani 1438: 1392: 1331:Battle of the Frigidus 1298: 1230: 1152: 1079:, in Gaul (France) by 701: 694:Altar of Sant'Ambrogio 550:Veni redemptor gentium 463: 212:, Western Roman Empire 34:. For other uses, see 32:St. Ambrose University 13756:Opponents of Arianism 13731:Doctors of the Church 13721:Christian hymnwriters 13711:Catholic philosophers 13615:Doctors of the Church 13078:History of the papacy 12937:Patriarch of the West 12601:Timoteo Maffei (1454) 12455:Anselmo IV da Bovisio 12437:Tebald da Castiglione 12413:Ariberto da Intimiano 12401:Landulf II of Carcano 12335:Angilbert II Pusterla 12331:Angilbert I (822–823) 12325:St Anselm I (813–818) 12270:St Antonino (669–671) 12240:Constantius (593–600) 12237:Lawrence II (573–592) 12217:St Ausanus (556–559?) 11885:Fourteen Holy Helpers 11849:Trasilla and Emiliana 11000:Evermode of Ratzeburg 10882:Perpetua and Felicity 10852:Martyrs of Sandomierz 10722:Dismas the Good Thief 10649:Theophilus of Antioch 10619:Maximus the Confessor 10554:Epiphanius of Salamis 10494:Clement of Alexandria 10208:Doctors of the Church 10100:Maximus the Confessor 9887:Immaculate Conception 9472: 9279:Christian Iconography 9080:Byfield, Ted (2003). 9053:Christianitas Antiqua 8921:. Harvard University. 8837:L'Antiquité Classique 8427:Catholic Encyclopedia 8401:10.1515/9783112335383 8239:10.4324/9781315103334 8233:. London: Routledge. 7745:Brown, Peter (2012). 7726:Brown, Peter (2003). 7707:Brown, Peter (1992). 7688:Brown, Peter (1998). 7606:. Walter de Gruyter. 6904:Epistle to Casualanus 6169:The Church of England 5189:Catholic Encyclopedia 4886:, pp. ix–x, 1–2. 4576:Ambrosian hymnography 4269:Fathers of the Church 4163:Annales Ecclesiastici 4137: 4053:De obitu Valentiniani 3542:On Elijah and Fasting 3392:On Isaac and the Soul 3197:(377–391), while the 3158: 3071:"Deus creator omnium" 3039:Ambrosian Hymnography 3037:Further information: 3028:Westminster Cathedral 3025: 3002: 2838: 2832:is his commentary on 2810: 2793: 2702:Doctors of the Church 2646:Philosophy portal 1500:Second Temple Judaism 1478:at Callinicum on the 1466:Attitude towards Jews 1422: 1390: 1296: 1289:Later years and death 1216: 1178:Edict of Thessalonica 1147: 1120:Auxentius the younger 954:Palladius of Ratiaria 733:imperial constitution 677: 602:Background and career 570:. He is considered a 568:Doctors of the Church 411:Tradition or movement 13334:Ecclesiastical Latin 13105:Early African church 13073:Apostolic succession 12727:Carlo Gaetano Stampa 12703:Federico II Visconti 12557:Giovanni II Visconti 12407:Arnolfo II da Arsago 11789:Hiltrude of Liessies 11734:Catherine of Bologna 11729:Bernadette Soubirous 10922:17 Thomasian Martyrs 10732:Four Crowned Martyrs 10654:Victorinus of Pettau 10634:Papias of Hierapolis 10604:Jerome of Stridonium 10569:Gregory of Nazianzus 10539:Dionysius of Corinth 10361:Lawrence of Brindisi 10316:Bernard of Clairvaux 10291:Anselm of Canterbury 10246:Gregory of Nazianzus 10173:Priscilla and Aquila 10070:Edward the Confessor 9794:Christian philosophy 9541:Seven lively virtues 9148:King, N. Q. (1960). 8674:. Guild Publishing. 7979:Vigiliae Christianae 7920:Studies in Philology 7891:Vigiliae Christianae 7123:, pp. 214, 216. 6902:Augustine of Hippo, 6889:Epistle to Januarius 6887:Augustine of Hippo, 6619:North, John (2017). 5458:, p. 80,90;105. 5446:, p. 79–80, 87. 5018:Vigiliae Christianae 4746:became Christianity. 4289:Corpus Christianorum 3417:On the Good of Death 2802:general resurrection 1882:Second scholasticism 1108:Liturgy of the Hours 1029:Battle of Adrianople 768:often appear in the 725:Rhineland-Palatinate 564:Western Christianity 440:mother of the Church 284:Doctor of the Church 13746:Insects in religion 13716:Christian ethicists 13544:Pre-Tridentine Mass 13155:Counter-Reformation 12917:order of precedence 12819:Carlo Maria Martini 12709:Federico III Caccia 12685:Federico I Borromeo 12650:Filippo II Archinto 12620:Giovanni Arcimboldi 12578:Pietro II di Candia 12548:Cassone della Torre 12524:Enrico I da Settala 12498:Umberto II Crivelli 12481:Robaldo (1135–1145) 12368:Gariberto of Besana 12355:Landulf I (896–899) 12234:Frontone (571–573?) 11839:Teresa of the Andes 11719:Angela of the Cross 11681:Zechariah (prophet) 10827:Martyrs of La Rioja 10822:21 Martyrs of Libya 10712:Christina of Persia 10692:Charles de Foucauld 10629:Quadratus of Athens 10589:Ignatius of Antioch 10559:Fulgentius of Ruspe 10509:Cyril of Alexandria 10504:Cyprian of Carthage 10489:Cappadocian Fathers 10386:Hildegard of Bingen 10256:Cyril of Alexandria 10130:Sergius of Radonezh 9892:Perpetual virginity 9484:theological virtues 9316:Archbishop of Milan 8985:Theological Studies 8496:10.1093/ml/75.4.505 8483:Music & Letters 8421:"St. Ambrose" 8351:Lee, A. D. (2013). 8302:Kaye, John (1853). 8123:Classical Quarterly 7786:Classical Quarterly 7486:, pp. 436–440. 7450:. swissuniversities 7099:, pp. 177–187. 7075:, pp. 210–212. 7051:, pp. 205–210. 6920:Hanson, JW (1899). 6906:, XXXVI, section 32 6865:, pp. 344–346. 6689:, pp. 121–124. 6609:, pp. 601–630. 6498:, pp. 117–118. 6081:, pp. 248–249. 5907:, pp. 330–333. 5859:, pp. 262–263. 5763:, pp. 410–415. 5700:, pp. 235–244. 5596:, pp. 129–130. 5134:(in Italian), Italy 4898:, pp. 442–443. 4685:has the following: 4444:De Helia et ieiunio 4422:, 2nd ser., Vol. X 4232:, ed. (1875–1883). 4193:Migne, Jacques Paul 3538:De Helia et ieiunio 3183:De Helia et ieiunio 2747:. Thus we have the 1712:Liberation Theology 1613:Catholic philosophy 1514:Cappadocian Fathers 1496:Philo of Alexandria 1194:Karl Leo Noethlichs 956:and Secundianus of 493:(377–391), and the 13736:Gallo-Roman saints 13706:Catholic Mariology 13401:Extraordinary form 13311:Isidore of Seville 13299:Augustine of Hippo 13276:Hilary of Poitiers 12992:Francesco Moraglia 12974:Filipe Neri Ferrão 12825:Dionigi Tettamanzi 12800:Ildefonso Schuster 12641:Ippolito II d'Este 12489:Galdino della Sala 12467:Giordano da Clivio 12443:Anselmo III da Rho 12379:Arderico (936–948) 12328:St Buono (818–822) 12322:Odelpert (803–813) 12246:Asterius (629–639) 12243:Deodatus (601–628) 11880:Four Holy Marshals 11875:Calendar of saints 11844:Teresa of Calcutta 11824:Patricia of Naples 11749:Catherine of Siena 11030:Patrick of Ireland 10952:Vietnamese Martyrs 10842:Martyrs of Otranto 10797:Martyrs of Cajonos 10792:Martyrs of Algeria 10787:Martyrs of Albania 10747:The Holy Innocents 10717:Devasahayam Pillai 10702:Carthusian Martyrs 10644:Polycarp of Smyrna 10599:Isidore of Seville 10584:Hippolytus of Rome 10579:Hilary of Poitiers 10514:Cyril of Jerusalem 10479:Caesarius of Arles 10474:Augustine of Hippo 10376:Thérèse of Lisieux 10371:Catherine of Siena 10321:Hilary of Poitiers 10296:Isidore of Seville 10271:Bede the Venerable 10261:Cyril of Jerusalem 10226:Augustine of Hippo 10140:Pio of Pietrelcina 10105:Michael of Synnada 9475: 9455:Augustine of Hippo 9241:EarlyChurch.org.uk 8523:Grove Music Online 8512:McKinnon, James W. 8478:McKinnon, James W. 8306:. F. J. Rivington. 8135:10.1093/cq/47.1.56 8110:Tenor of Our Times 7798:10.1093/cq/47.1.74 7651:Grove Music Online 7581:On Faith and Works 7448:e-codices.unifr.ch 7411:www.britannica.com 6765:, pp. 76, 77. 6665:, pp. 65, 68. 6254:Mediolanensis 2005 6242:Mediolanensis 2005 6230:Mediolanensis 2005 5946:, pp. 63, 64. 5895:, pp. 78–110. 5823:, p. 245-252. 5712:, p. 106-110. 5521:, p. 103-105. 5509:, p. 100-102. 5148:Mediolanensis 2005 4254:Jacques Du Frische 4236:(in Latin). Milan. 4205:Jacques Du Frische 4146: 4078:De obitu Theodosii 4028:De excessu fratris 3863:On the Holy Spirit 3212:De obitu Theodosii 3175: 3108:Guido Maria Dreves 3053:Hilary of Poitiers 3049:Guido Maria Dreves 3035: 2862:Giving to the poor 1991:Gregory (of Nyssa) 1719:Christian Humanism 1439: 1393: 1299: 1231: 977:Imperial relations 907:must have created 824:Praetorian Prefect 750:Codex Theodosianus 723:and is now in the 702: 584:Anglican Communion 558:Augustine of Hippo 464:Aurelius Ambrosius 384:De obitu Theodosii 271:Anglican Communion 181:Augusta Treverorum 169:Aurelius Ambrosius 13761:People from Trier 13633: 13632: 13552: 13551: 13466: 13465: 13320: 13319: 13059: 13058: 12870: 12869: 12715:Giuseppe Archinto 12385:Walpert (953–970) 12382:Adelman (948–953) 12373:Lambert (921–931) 12310:Stabile (748–750) 12307:Arifred (747–748) 12273:St Maurilio (671) 11962: 11961: 11954:Saints portal 11905:Miles Christianus 11890:Martyr of charity 11859:Josephine Bakhita 11854:Ubaldesca Taccini 11799:Kateri Tekakwitha 11774:Faustina Kowalska 11764:Eulalia of Mérida 11744:Catherine Labouré 11739:Brigid of Kildare 11566:Baruch ben Neriah 11010:François de Laval 10995:Damien of Molokai 10962:Victor and Corona 10957:Valentine of Rome 10847:Martyrs of Prague 10812:Martyrs of Gorkum 10772:Martyrs of Lübeck 10659:Vincent of Lérins 10639:Peter Chrysologus 10594:Irenaeus of Lyons 10564:Gregory the Great 10549:Ephrem the Syrian 10346:Robert Bellarmine 10341:John of the Cross 10326:Alphonsus Liguori 10301:Peter Chrysologus 10276:Ephrem the Syrian 10241:Basil of Caesarea 10216:Gregory the Great 10198:Seventy disciples 10090:Lazarus Zographos 10075:Francis of Assisi 9945:James of Alphaeus 9902:Marian apparition 9802: 9801: 9754:Great Commandment 9713:Evagrius Ponticus 9546:Seven deadly sins 9332: 9331: 9323:Succeeded by 9202:Project Gutenberg 9157:Paulinus (1952). 9093:978-0-9689873-3-9 9043:978-0-300-10598-8 8975:978-0-520-92232-7 8956:978-0-391-04121-9 8937:978-0-394-32180-6 8896:978-1-5275-6726-9 8869:978-0-19-537204-5 8823:978-1-58617-226-8 8802:978-80-568-0313-4 8783:978-1-107-11030-4 8722:978-1-134-81504-3 8704:978-0-268-00239-8 8662:978-1-78185-296-5 8641:978-0-19-174445-7 8608:978-1-317-89102-4 8589:978-0-85323-829-4 8571:978-0-520-08461-2 8551:(subscription or 8545:978-1-56159-263-0 8469:978-0-300-03642-8 8448:978-1-101-18999-3 8410:978-3-11-233538-3 8383:978-0-85323-829-4 8364:978-0-7486-6835-9 8343:978-0-86012-085-8 8324:978-0-8264-5252-8 8294:978-0-691-00831-8 8275:978-1-351-59476-9 8248:978-1-138-10298-9 8210:978-1-4381-3026-2 8163:978-0-664-22005-1 8048:978-1-4632-4087-5 8041:. Gorgias Press. 8029:978-0-19-878822-5 7969:978-3-11-055339-0 7950:978-0-521-30200-5 7881:978-0-19-974727-6 7862:978-0-520-08923-5 7843:978-0-521-30200-5 7824:978-0-06-069299-5 7758:978-0-691-15290-5 7737:978-1-118-30126-5 7699:978-0-674-51170-5 7679:(subscription or 7673:978-1-56159-263-0 7613:978-3-11-026860-7 7590:978-0-8091-0406-2 7572:978-0-14-051312-7 7498:, pp. 55–64. 7307:, pp. 74–76. 7264:, pp. 20–21. 7150:Ambrose of Milan 6877:, pp. 74–80. 6853:, pp. 77–78. 6812:978-0-511-55268-7 6786:978-1-57392-180-0 6642:978-0-19-934037-8 6549:, p. 23, 49. 6522:, pp. 308–9. 6201:978-1-64065-235-4 6033:, pp. 63–64. 5917:Hebblewhite 2020a 5611:, pp. 79–80. 4978:, pp. 45–46. 4543:Fontes Christiani 4321:1896, Vol. 32/1 ( 4198:Patrologia Latina 4186:Standard editions 3933:On the Sacraments 3859:De Spiritu Sancto 3831:Dogmatic writings 3517:On the Patriarchs 3388:De Isaac et anima 3228:Basil of Caesarea 2966:Basil of Caesarea 2847:Jerome of Stridon 2789:Didymus the Blind 2695:Gregory the Great 2683: 2682: 2616: 2615: 2501:Garrigou-Lagrange 1810:Divine Attributes 1518:Didymus the Blind 1369:Church of England 1240:Wolf Liebeschuetz 1133:usurped power in 770:saint's symbology 453: 452: 203:(aged 56–57) 16:(Redirected from 13773: 13696:Bishops of Milan 13623: 13622: 13433:Benedictine Rite 13421: 13420: 13360: 13359: 13351:Liturgical rites 13176: 13175: 13150:Council of Trent 13135:Age of Discovery 13115:East–West Schism 12923: 12922: 12897: 12890: 12883: 12874: 12873: 12860: 12859: 12821:, SJ (1979–2002) 12813:Giovanni Colombo 12679:Gaspare Visconti 12563:Roberto Visconti 12517:Gerardo da Sesso 12376:Elduin (931–936) 12350:Anselmo II Capra 12340:Tadone (860–868) 12316:Thomas (755–783) 12214:Vitale (552–556) 11989: 11982: 11975: 11966: 11965: 11952: 11951: 11950: 11940: 11939: 11819:Narcisa de Jesús 11804:Lucy of Syracuse 11709:Agatha of Sicily 11621:John the Baptist 10867:Maximilian Kolbe 10862:Martyrs of Zenta 10837:Martyrs of Natal 10817:Martyrs of Japan 10807:Martyrs of China 10802:Martyrs of Drina 10737:Gerard of Csanád 10697:Canadian Martyrs 10682:Abda and Abdisho 10624:Melito of Sardis 10614:John of Damascus 10574:Gregory of Nyssa 10459:Ambrose of Milan 10391:Gregory of Narek 10356:Anthony of Padua 10331:Francis de Sales 10266:John of Damascus 9912:Joseph (husband) 9864: → 9860: → 9856: → 9829: 9822: 9815: 9806: 9805: 9749:Ten Commandments 9742:Related concepts 9530:1 Corinthians 13 9525:Paul the Apostle 9379:cardinal virtues 9369:Christian ethics 9358: 9351: 9344: 9335: 9334: 9306:Preceded by 9296: 9295: 9285:"Of St. Ambrose" 9227: 9226: 9216:Works by Ambrose 9211:Internet Archive 9198:Works by Ambrose 9187: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9162: 9153: 9144: 9115: 9106: 9097: 9068: 9047: 9026: 9013: 8992: 8979: 8960: 8941: 8922: 8913: 8900: 8873: 8852: 8827: 8806: 8787: 8768: 8755: 8726: 8707: 8696: 8685: 8666: 8655:. Head of Zeus. 8645: 8612: 8593: 8574: 8556: 8549: 8519: 8507: 8473: 8452: 8431: 8423: 8414: 8387: 8368: 8347: 8328: 8307: 8298: 8279: 8260: 8223: 8214: 8203:, Incorporated. 8193:Guiley, Rosemary 8188: 8176: 8167: 8146: 8117: 8104: 8083: 8052: 8033: 8002: 7973: 7954: 7935: 7914: 7885: 7866: 7847: 7836:. Vol. 13. 7828: 7809: 7780: 7762: 7741: 7722: 7703: 7684: 7677: 7647: 7638: 7617: 7594: 7575: 7547: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7440: 7434: 7428: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7403: 7397: 7391: 7385: 7379: 7370: 7364: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7246: 7237: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7219: 7213: 7204: 7198: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7170: 7164: 7161: 7155: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7140:on 2 April 2015. 7136:. Archived from 7130: 7124: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7010: 7004: 7003: 6992: 6986: 6985:from New Advent. 6984: 6983: 6981: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6917: 6908: 6907: 6899: 6893: 6892: 6891:, II, section 18 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6798: 6792: 6790: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6754: 6748: 6742: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6616: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6440: 6431: 6425: 6416: 6410: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6329: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6275: 6269: 6268:, pp. ix–x. 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6206: 6205: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6132:www.bartleby.com 6124: 6118: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5970:, p. 3, 13. 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5920: 5919:, p. intro. 5914: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5782: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5612: 5606: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5533:, p. 98-99. 5528: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5416: 5415:, p. 79–80. 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5136: 5135: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5105: 5104:, p. 55–57. 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4990:, p. 44–46. 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4920: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4781: 4764: 4753: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4696: 4690: 4681:"S. Paulinus in 4679: 4673: 4671: 4658: 4645: 4618:Calgary, Alberta 4570: 4565: 4564: 4563: 4462:Funeral orations 4304: 4284: 4251: 4245: 4237: 4230:Ballerini, P. A. 4225: 4202: 4166:. The excellent 4110: 4085: 4060: 4040:, 16.1345–1414; 4035: 4011: 3994: 3973: 3961: 3958:On the Mysteries 3936: 3916: 3891: 3866: 3845: 3821: 3804: 3787: 3770: 3758: 3741: 3714:, 15.1527–1850; 3709: 3692: 3676:, 15.1197–1526; 3671: 3650: 3629: 3604: 3583: 3566: 3545: 3520: 3495: 3470: 3454:, 32.2.163–207; 3445: 3420: 3404:, 32.1.641–700; 3395: 3374: 3353: 3337:, 32.1.339–409; 3328: 3325:On Cain and Abel 3312:, 32.1.265–336; 3303: 3278: 3271: 3209: 3168: 3165: 3131:Sergio de Castro 3119: 2834:1 Corinthians 15 2675: 2668: 2661: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2632: 2631: 2021:John of Damascus 1929: 1928: 1759:Moderate realism 1667:Cardinal virtues 1639: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1598: 1591: 1590: 1545:Altar of Victory 1437:, New York City. 1432: 1429: 1373:Episcopal Church 1307:magister militum 1276: 1275:r. 337–361 1268: 1266: 1224:Anthony van Dyck 1202: 1058:Altar of Victory 1019: 1015: 1012: 948: 947:r. 379–395 936: 934: 866:Nicene Christian 777:Aurelii Symmachi 691: 642: 630: 618: 540:chant, known as 508: 472: 469: 456:Ambrose of Milan 425:Christian ethics 395:Theological work 379: 356: 304: 202: 177: 174: 160:Personal details 82: 79: 70: 53:Ambrose of Milan 43: 42: 21: 13781: 13780: 13776: 13775: 13774: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13766:Anglican saints 13636: 13635: 13634: 13629: 13605: 13548: 13538:Missa Venatoria 13462: 13458:Norbertine Rite 13448:Cistercian Rite 13443:Carthusian Rite 13419: 13396:Tridentine Mass 13392:(Ordinary form) 13390:Mass of Paul VI 13355:Liturgical days 13353: 13345: 13316: 13252: 13174: 13055: 12996: 12957: 12914: 12906: 12901: 12871: 12866: 12854: 12850:Catholic Church 12842: 12660: 12635:Ippolito d'Este 12614:Stefano Nardini 12605:Gabriele Sforza 12536:Ottone Visconti 12419:Guido da Velate 12319:Peter (784–803) 12252: 12249:Forte (639–641) 12220: 11998: 11993: 11963: 11958: 11948: 11946: 11934: 11926: 11917:Seven Champions 11910:Church Militant 11900:Athleta Christi 11895:Military saints 11863: 11759:Clare of Assisi 11695: 11631:Judas Barsabbas 11537: 11109: 11039: 11025:Nino of Georgia 10971: 10877:Pedro Calungsod 10832:Martyrs of Laos 10777:Luigi Versiglia 10668: 10609:John Chrysostom 10499:Clement of Rome 10440: 10433: 10400: 10366:Teresa of Ávila 10351:Albertus Magnus 10236:John Chrysostom 10202: 10163:Mary of Bethany 10144: 10050:Anthony of Kiev 10031: 9999: 9950:James the Great 9916: 9868: 9847: 9838: 9833: 9803: 9798: 9785: 9737: 9728:Dante Alighieri 9544: 9542: 9536: 9482: 9476: 9464: 9377: 9371: 9362: 9328: 9319: 9311: 9275:"Saint Ambrose" 9247:Ambrose's works 9224: 9194: 9172: 9170: 9165: 9094: 9076: 9074:Further reading 9071: 9044: 8976: 8957: 8938: 8897: 8870: 8824: 8803: 8784: 8723: 8705: 8682: 8663: 8642: 8609: 8590: 8572: 8550: 8546: 8470: 8449: 8411: 8384: 8365: 8344: 8325: 8295: 8276: 8249: 8211: 8164: 8101: 8049: 8030: 7970: 7951: 7903:10.2307/1583142 7882: 7863: 7844: 7825: 7759: 7738: 7719: 7700: 7678: 7674: 7635: 7614: 7591: 7573: 7556: 7551: 7550: 7533: 7529: 7521: 7517: 7509: 7502: 7494: 7490: 7482: 7478: 7470: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7429: 7425: 7415: 7413: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7396:, pp. 3–4. 7392: 7388: 7380: 7373: 7365: 7358: 7350: 7346: 7340:Cunningham 1955 7338: 7334: 7326: 7311: 7303: 7299: 7291: 7287: 7272: 7268: 7262:Gafford II 2015 7260: 7256: 7247: 7240: 7231: 7229: 7220: 7216: 7205: 7201: 7196: 7192: 7182: 7180: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7162: 7158: 7149: 7145: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7119: 7115: 7107: 7103: 7097:Wojcieszak 2014 7095: 7091: 7083: 7079: 7071: 7067: 7059: 7055: 7047: 7043: 7035: 7031: 7023: 7019: 7011: 7007: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6968: 6964: 6955: 6953: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6918: 6911: 6900: 6896: 6885: 6881: 6873: 6869: 6861: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6813: 6799: 6795: 6787: 6773: 6769: 6761: 6757: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6736: 6728: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6697: 6693: 6685: 6681: 6673: 6669: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6617: 6613: 6605: 6601: 6593: 6589: 6581: 6577: 6569: 6565: 6557: 6553: 6545: 6541: 6533: 6526: 6518: 6514: 6508:MacCulloch 2010 6506: 6502: 6494: 6490: 6482: 6473: 6465: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6441: 6434: 6426: 6419: 6411: 6404: 6396: 6392: 6388:, pp. 6–7. 6384: 6380: 6372: 6368: 6360: 6356: 6348: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6316:, pp. 5–6. 6312: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6276: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6252: 6248: 6240: 6236: 6232:, pp. 4–5. 6228: 6224: 6220:, pp. 3–4. 6216: 6209: 6202: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6113: 6109: 6101: 6097: 6089: 6085: 6077: 6073: 6065: 6061: 6053: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6029: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5942: 5938: 5930: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5867: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5847:, pp. 262. 5843: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5819: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5783: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5759: 5755: 5747: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5708: 5704: 5696: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5672: 5668: 5660: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5636: 5615: 5607: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5580: 5576: 5568: 5564: 5556: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5517: 5513: 5505: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5469: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5430: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5363: 5359: 5351: 5347: 5339: 5335: 5327: 5320: 5312: 5308: 5300: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5267: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5233:Sparavigna 2016 5231: 5227: 5217: 5201: 5197: 5181: 5172: 5170: 5166: 5158: 5154: 5146: 5139: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5115: 5108: 5100: 5096: 5088: 5084: 5076: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5030:10.2307/1583516 5010: 5006: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4962: 4953: 4945: 4941: 4935:Greenslade 1956 4933: 4929: 4921: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4810: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4767: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4720: 4697: 4693: 4680: 4676: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4609:Davenport, Iowa 4566: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4504:Ambrosian hymns 4415: 4311: 4239: 4238: 4188: 4132: 4122: 4101: 4076: 4051: 4034:]. 375–378. 4026: 4023: 4002: 3987:Expositio fidei 3985: 3972:]. 384–394. 3964: 3952: 3927: 3907: 3890:]. 381–382. 3882: 3857: 3836: 3833: 3820:]. 393–395. 3812: 3803:]. 391–392. 3795: 3778: 3761: 3749: 3740:]. 377–391. 3732: 3729: 3700: 3683: 3670:]. 386–390. 3662: 3655:, 14.963–1238; 3641: 3638:, 32.2.299–355) 3620: 3613:, 32.2.211–96; 3595: 3592:, 32.2.519–573) 3582:]. 376–390. 3574: 3557: 3544:]. 377–391. 3536: 3529:, 32.2.125–60; 3511: 3504:, 32.2.73–122; 3494:]. 387–388. 3486: 3469:]. 386–388. 3461: 3444:]. 391–394. 3438:De fuga saeculi 3436: 3429:, 32.1.707–53; 3411: 3394:]. 387–391. 3386: 3383:, 32.1.501–638) 3365: 3352:]. 378–384. 3344: 3327:]. 377–378. 3321:De Cain et Abet 3319: 3302:]. 377–378. 3294: 3265: 3260: 3257: 3203: 3166: 3162:(377–391) in a 3153: 3148: 3147: 3146: 3135:Ambrosian hymns 3125: 3120: 3096:Ambrosian chant 3041: 3020: 2942: 2928:Ambrose viewed 2887: 2864: 2777: 2679: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2626: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2445: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2255: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2065: 2057: 2056: 2055: 1935: 1926: 1916: 1915: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1744: 1734: 1733: 1707:Social teaching 1662: 1652: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1589: 1537: 1531: 1468: 1430: 1381: 1375:on 7 December. 1365:Catholic Church 1291: 1274: 1263: 1196: 1163: 1157: 1124:John Chrysostom 1066: 1017: 1013: 1002: 979: 946: 931: 898: 851: 849:Bishop of Milan 685: 672: 653: 651:Benozzo Gozzoli 647:Saint Augustine 643: 634: 631: 622: 619: 610: 604: 576:Catholic Church 554:Ambrosian hymns 542:Ambrosian chant 502: 479:Bishop of Milan 470: 438:Anti-paganism, 389: 373: 354: 348:Theology career 346: 331: 306: 305: 302:Other patronage 300: 275: 256:Catholic Church 204: 200: 191: 178: 175: 171: 170: 87: 80: 60:Bishop of Milan 54: 51: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13779: 13769: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13726:Church Fathers 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13631: 13630: 13628: 13627: 13617: 13610: 13607: 13606: 13604: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13587: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13566: 13560: 13558: 13554: 13553: 13550: 13549: 13547: 13546: 13541: 13534: 13527: 13520: 13515: 13514: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13485: 13483:Aquileian Rite 13480: 13474: 13472: 13468: 13467: 13464: 13463: 13461: 13460: 13455: 13453:Dominican Rite 13450: 13445: 13440: 13438:Carmelite Rite 13435: 13429: 13427: 13418: 13417: 13416: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13404: 13403: 13393: 13382: 13380:Mozarabic Rite 13377: 13372: 13370:Ambrosian Rite 13366: 13364: 13357: 13347: 13346: 13344: 13343: 13342: 13341: 13330: 13328: 13322: 13321: 13318: 13317: 13315: 13314: 13308: 13305:Pope Gregory I 13302: 13296: 13290: 13288:Pope Damasus I 13285: 13279: 13273: 13268: 13262: 13260: 13258:Church Fathers 13254: 13253: 13251: 13250: 13249: 13248: 13238: 13237: 13236: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13214: 13213: 13212: 13202: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13184: 13182: 13180:Apostolic sees 13173: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13130:Western Schism 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13091: 13090: 13085: 13075: 13069: 13067: 13061: 13060: 13057: 13056: 13054: 13053: 13047: 13041: 13035: 13029: 13026:Constantinople 13023: 13017: 13011: 13004: 13002: 12998: 12997: 12995: 12994: 12985: 12976: 12967: 12958: 12929: 12927: 12920: 12908: 12907: 12900: 12899: 12892: 12885: 12877: 12868: 12867: 12865: 12864: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12840: 12839:(2017–present) 12834: 12828: 12822: 12816: 12810: 12803: 12796: 12790: 12784: 12781:Andrea Ferrari 12777: 12771: 12765: 12759: 12753: 12748: 12742: 12736: 12730: 12724: 12718: 12712: 12706: 12700: 12694: 12688: 12682: 12676: 12673:Carlo Borromeo 12668: 12666: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12658: 12653: 12647: 12644: 12638: 12632: 12629: 12623: 12617: 12611: 12608: 12602: 12599: 12596: 12593: 12590: 12587: 12584: 12581: 12575: 12572: 12569: 12566: 12560: 12554: 12551: 12545: 12542: 12539: 12533: 12530: 12527: 12521: 12513: 12510: 12507: 12504: 12501: 12495: 12492: 12485: 12482: 12479: 12473: 12470: 12464: 12458: 12452: 12446: 12440: 12434: 12428: 12422: 12416: 12410: 12404: 12398: 12392: 12386: 12383: 12380: 12377: 12374: 12371: 12365: 12359: 12356: 12353: 12347: 12341: 12338: 12332: 12329: 12326: 12323: 12320: 12317: 12314: 12313:Leto (751–755) 12311: 12308: 12305: 12298: 12295: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12271: 12268: 12260: 12258: 12254: 12253: 12251: 12250: 12247: 12244: 12241: 12238: 12235: 12232: 12228: 12226: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12218: 12215: 12212: 12205: 12198: 12191: 12184: 12177: 12170: 12163: 12156: 12149: 12142: 12135: 12128: 12121: 12114: 12107: 12100: 12094: 12087: 12080: 12073: 12066: 12059: 12052: 12047: 12040: 12033: 12028: 12021: 12014: 12006: 12004: 12000: 11999: 11992: 11991: 11984: 11977: 11969: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11956: 11944: 11931: 11928: 11927: 11925: 11924: 11922:Virtuous pagan 11919: 11914: 11913: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11871: 11869: 11865: 11864: 11862: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11705: 11703: 11697: 11696: 11694: 11693: 11688: 11686:Zechariah (NT) 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11547: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11119: 11117: 11111: 11110: 11108: 11107: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11049: 11047: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11020:Junípero Serra 11017: 11012: 11007: 11005:Francis Xavier 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10981: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10947:Uganda Martyrs 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10917:Titus Brandsma 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10892:Pietro Parenzo 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10762:Korean Martyrs 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10687:Boris and Gleb 10684: 10678: 10676: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10529:Desert Mothers 10526: 10524:Desert Fathers 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10445: 10443: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10410: 10408: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10336:Peter Canisius 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10281:Thomas Aquinas 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10212: 10210: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10168:Mary Magdalene 10165: 10160: 10154: 10152: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10095:Louis Bertrand 10092: 10087: 10082: 10080:Francis Borgia 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10041: 10039: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10029: 10024: 10015: 10009: 10007: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9926: 9924: 9918: 9917: 9915: 9914: 9909: 9907:Titles of Mary 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9878: 9876: 9870: 9869: 9854:Servant of God 9843: 9840: 9839: 9832: 9831: 9824: 9817: 9809: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9796: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9772: 9771: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9745: 9743: 9739: 9738: 9736: 9735: 9733:Peter Binsfeld 9730: 9725: 9723:Pope Gregory I 9720: 9715: 9708: 9707: 9694: 9693: 9683: 9673: 9663: 9653: 9643: 9633: 9622: 9621: 9611: 9601: 9591: 9581: 9571: 9561: 9550: 9548: 9538: 9537: 9535: 9534: 9533: 9532: 9520: 9519: 9509: 9499: 9488: 9486: 9478: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9462: 9460:Thomas Aquinas 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9441: 9440: 9425: 9424: 9414: 9404: 9394: 9383: 9381: 9373: 9372: 9361: 9360: 9353: 9346: 9338: 9330: 9329: 9324: 9321: 9312: 9307: 9303: 9302: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9282: 9272: 9264: 9259: 9250: 9244: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9213: 9204: 9193: 9192:External links 9190: 9189: 9188: 9179: 9163: 9154: 9145: 9127:(2): 153–175. 9116: 9107: 9098: 9092: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9069: 9048: 9042: 9027: 9014: 9004:(2): 235–244. 8993: 8980: 8974: 8961: 8955: 8942: 8936: 8923: 8914: 8901: 8895: 8874: 8868: 8853: 8843:(1): 186–206. 8828: 8822: 8807: 8801: 8788: 8782: 8769: 8756: 8738:(3): 362–378. 8727: 8721: 8708: 8703: 8686: 8680: 8667: 8661: 8646: 8640: 8613: 8607: 8594: 8588: 8575: 8570: 8557: 8544: 8508: 8490:(4): 505–521. 8474: 8468: 8453: 8447: 8432: 8415: 8409: 8388: 8382: 8369: 8363: 8348: 8342: 8329: 8323: 8308: 8299: 8293: 8280: 8274: 8261: 8247: 8224: 8215: 8209: 8189: 8179:Chisholm, Hugh 8168: 8162: 8147: 8118: 8105: 8099: 8084: 8066:(2): 398–443. 8053: 8047: 8034: 8028: 8003: 7985:(4): 313–333. 7974: 7968: 7955: 7949: 7936: 7926:(4): 509–514. 7915: 7897:(3): 245–252. 7886: 7880: 7867: 7861: 7848: 7842: 7829: 7823: 7810: 7781: 7763: 7757: 7742: 7736: 7723: 7717: 7704: 7698: 7690:Late antiquity 7685: 7672: 7639: 7633: 7618: 7612: 7595: 7589: 7576: 7571: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7538:, in Ambrose: 7536:The Sacraments 7527: 7515: 7500: 7488: 7476: 7461: 7435: 7423: 7398: 7386: 7371: 7356: 7344: 7342:, p. 509. 7332: 7309: 7297: 7285: 7276:"Read my lips" 7266: 7254: 7238: 7222:Schaff (ed.), 7214: 7211:De virginitate 7209:(On Virgins); 7199: 7190: 7165: 7156: 7143: 7125: 7113: 7111:, p. 133. 7101: 7089: 7087:, p. 147. 7077: 7065: 7063:, p. 313. 7053: 7041: 7039:, p. 312. 7029: 7017: 7005: 6987: 6962: 6939: 6909: 6894: 6879: 6867: 6855: 6851:Lietzmann 1951 6843: 6841:, p. 362. 6831: 6827:Lietzmann 1951 6819: 6811: 6793: 6785: 6767: 6763:Lietzmann 1951 6755: 6751:Lietzmann 1951 6743: 6734: 6732:, p. 187. 6722: 6718:Lietzmann 1951 6710: 6691: 6679: 6667: 6655: 6641: 6611: 6607:Hagendahl 1967 6599: 6597:, p. 375. 6587: 6575: 6563: 6551: 6539: 6524: 6512: 6510:, p. 300. 6500: 6496:Nirenberg 2013 6488: 6471: 6459: 6447: 6432: 6430:, p. 146. 6417: 6402: 6390: 6378: 6366: 6364:, p. 124. 6354: 6342: 6330: 6318: 6306: 6294: 6292:, p. 315. 6282: 6270: 6258: 6246: 6234: 6222: 6207: 6200: 6181: 6165:"The Calendar" 6156: 6154:, p. 116. 6144: 6119: 6117:, p. 292. 6107: 6095: 6083: 6079:Errington 2006 6071: 6067:Nicholson 2018 6059: 6047: 6045:, p. 409. 6043:Errington 1997 6035: 6020: 6008: 6006:, p. 215. 5996: 5994:, p. 100. 5992:MacMullen 1984 5984: 5972: 5960: 5958:, p. 111. 5948: 5936: 5934:, p. 291. 5921: 5909: 5897: 5885: 5883:, p. 425. 5881:Errington 1997 5873: 5871:, p. 331. 5861: 5849: 5837: 5825: 5813: 5801: 5789: 5777: 5765: 5761:Errington 1997 5753: 5751:, p. 217. 5749:Errington 2006 5738: 5736:, p. 109. 5726: 5724:, p. 108. 5714: 5702: 5690: 5688:, p. 131. 5678: 5676:, p. 130. 5666: 5664:, p. 106. 5654: 5650:Lietzmann 1951 5642: 5640:, p. 799. 5613: 5609:Lietzmann 1951 5598: 5586: 5584:, p. 129. 5574: 5572:, p. 104. 5562: 5558:Lietzmann 1951 5547: 5535: 5523: 5511: 5499: 5487: 5475: 5460: 5448: 5436: 5417: 5405: 5393: 5389:Nicholson 2018 5381: 5369: 5357: 5345: 5333: 5329:Lietzmann 1951 5318: 5306: 5304:, p. 408. 5285: 5273: 5261: 5257:Lietzmann 1951 5249: 5247:, p. 407. 5237: 5225: 5215: 5195: 5164: 5160:Cvetković 2019 5152: 5137: 5121: 5117:Cvetković 2019 5106: 5102:Cvetković 2019 5094: 5082: 5080:, p. 798. 5063: 5051: 5004: 5000:Cvetković 2019 4992: 4988:Cvetković 2019 4980: 4968: 4951: 4949:, p. 380. 4939: 4937:, p. 175. 4927: 4912: 4908:Cvetković 2019 4900: 4888: 4876: 4864: 4852: 4840: 4838:, p. 208. 4828: 4816: 4801: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4748: 4738: 4728: 4718: 4691: 4674: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4626: 4620: 4611: 4602: 4597: 4595:Church Fathers 4592: 4583: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4555: 4552: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4456:: a commentary 4449: 4446:: a commentary 4439: 4436:: a commentary 4429: 4423: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4388: 4378: 4368: 4358: 4352: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4285: 4267:, ed. (1947). 4261: 4226: 4212: 4195:, ed. (1845). 4187: 4184: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4099: 4094:, 73.369–401; 4090:, 16.1447–88; 4074: 4065:, 16.1417–44; 4049: 4044:, 73.207–325; 4022: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4000: 3983: 3978:, 16.485–546; 3966:De paenitentia 3962: 3950: 3929:De sacramentis 3925: 3920:, 17.1193–96; 3905: 3880: 3871:, 16.731–850; 3855: 3850:, 16.549–726; 3832: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3810: 3793: 3780:De virginitate 3776: 3759: 3747: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3698: 3681: 3660: 3639: 3634:, 14.891–926; 3618: 3593: 3588:, 14.797–832; 3572: 3555: 3554:, 32.2.411–65) 3534: 3513:De patriarchis 3509: 3500:, 14.673–704; 3484: 3459: 3450:, 14.597–624; 3434: 3413:De bono mortis 3409: 3384: 3379:, 14.441–524; 3363: 3362:, 32.1.413–97) 3358:, 14.381–438; 3342: 3317: 3308:, 14.291–332; 3292: 3287:, 32.1.3–261; 3283:, 14.133–288; 3256: 3253: 3248:De sacramentis 3210:(386–390) and 3189:(377–389) and 3152: 3149: 3122: 3121: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3092:James McKinnon 3083: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3057:Liber hymnorum 3019: 3016: 3012:silent reading 2941: 2938: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2886: 2883: 2863: 2860: 2822:eschatological 2776: 2773: 2761:De paenitentia 2757:De virginitate 2697:as one of the 2685:Ambrose joins 2681: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2670: 2663: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2636: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1855:Friends of God 1847: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1828:Augustinianism 1824: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1793:Predestination 1790: 1785: 1780: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1729:Works of mercy 1726: 1721: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1663: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1640: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1600: 1599: 1588: 1585: 1558:Vestal Virgins 1549:Pope Damasus I 1533:Main article: 1530: 1527: 1484:Magnus Maximus 1467: 1464: 1380: 1377: 1290: 1287: 1267: 306–337 1182:Constantinople 1156: 1153: 1141:(386–387) and 1131:Magnus Maximus 1081:Magnus Maximus 1065: 1064:Valentinian II 1062: 1001: 998: 990:Valentinian II 983:Roman emperors 978: 975: 939:Valentinian II 935: 367–383 905:God the Father 897: 894: 850: 847: 741:Constantius II 737:Constantine II 717:Gallia Belgica 671: 668: 664:Roman governor 655: 654: 644: 637: 635: 632: 625: 623: 620: 613: 603: 600: 586:, and various 534:Magnus Maximus 518:Roman governor 511:ecclesiastical 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 442: 436: 432: 431: 422: 421:Main interests 418: 417: 415:Trinitarianism 412: 408: 407: 402: 398: 397: 391: 390: 388: 387: 381: 366: 359: 357: 351: 350: 343: 342: 337: 333: 332: 330: 329: 299: 298: 297: 291: 287: 286: 281: 280:Title as Saint 277: 276: 274: 273: 268: 263: 258: 252: 250: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 218: 214: 213: 197: 193: 192: 185:Gallia Belgica 179: 168: 166: 162: 161: 157: 156: 155:7 December 374 153: 149: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 93: 89: 88: 71: 63: 62: 56: 55: 52: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13778: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13741:Hymnographers 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13626: 13618: 13616: 13612: 13611: 13608: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13571: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13561: 13559: 13555: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13539: 13535: 13533: 13532: 13528: 13526: 13525: 13524:Missa Nautica 13521: 13519: 13518:Gallican Rite 13516: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13488: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13475: 13473: 13469: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13426: 13422: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13402: 13399: 13398: 13397: 13394: 13391: 13388: 13387: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13375:Rite of Braga 13373: 13371: 13368: 13367: 13365: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13352: 13348: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13335: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13327: 13323: 13312: 13309: 13306: 13303: 13300: 13297: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13283: 13280: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13263: 13261: 13259: 13255: 13247: 13244: 13243: 13242: 13239: 13235: 13232: 13231: 13230: 13227: 13223: 13220: 13219: 13218: 13215: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13206: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13181: 13177: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13120:Scholasticism 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13095:First Martyrs 13093: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13083:Papal primacy 13081: 13080: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13068: 13066: 13062: 13051: 13048: 13045: 13042: 13039: 13036: 13033: 13030: 13027: 13024: 13021: 13018: 13015: 13012: 13009: 13006: 13005: 13003: 12999: 12993: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12962: 12959: 12955: 12951: 12950: 12945: 12942: 12938: 12934: 12931: 12930: 12928: 12924: 12921: 12918: 12913: 12912:Patriarchates 12909: 12905: 12898: 12893: 12891: 12886: 12884: 12879: 12878: 12875: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12852: 12851: 12845: 12838: 12837:Mario Delpini 12835: 12832: 12829: 12826: 12823: 12820: 12817: 12814: 12811: 12808: 12804: 12801: 12797: 12794: 12791: 12788: 12785: 12782: 12778: 12775: 12772: 12769: 12766: 12763: 12760: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12746: 12743: 12740: 12737: 12734: 12731: 12728: 12725: 12722: 12719: 12716: 12713: 12710: 12707: 12704: 12701: 12698: 12697:Alfonso Litta 12695: 12692: 12689: 12686: 12683: 12680: 12677: 12674: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12663: 12657: 12654: 12651: 12648: 12645: 12642: 12639: 12636: 12633: 12630: 12627: 12624: 12621: 12618: 12615: 12612: 12609: 12606: 12603: 12600: 12597: 12594: 12591: 12588: 12585: 12582: 12579: 12576: 12573: 12570: 12567: 12564: 12561: 12558: 12555: 12552: 12549: 12546: 12543: 12540: 12537: 12534: 12531: 12528: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12519:(1211, elect) 12518: 12514: 12511: 12508: 12505: 12502: 12499: 12496: 12493: 12490: 12486: 12483: 12480: 12477: 12474: 12471: 12468: 12465: 12462: 12459: 12456: 12453: 12450: 12447: 12444: 12441: 12438: 12435: 12432: 12429: 12426: 12423: 12420: 12417: 12414: 12411: 12408: 12405: 12402: 12399: 12396: 12393: 12390: 12387: 12384: 12381: 12378: 12375: 12372: 12369: 12366: 12363: 12360: 12357: 12354: 12351: 12348: 12345: 12342: 12339: 12336: 12333: 12330: 12327: 12324: 12321: 12318: 12315: 12312: 12309: 12306: 12303: 12299: 12296: 12293: 12289: 12286: 12282: 12279: 12275: 12272: 12269: 12266: 12265:John the Good 12262: 12261: 12259: 12255: 12248: 12245: 12242: 12239: 12236: 12233: 12230: 12229: 12227: 12223: 12216: 12213: 12210: 12206: 12203: 12199: 12196: 12195:Eustorgius II 12192: 12189: 12185: 12182: 12178: 12175: 12171: 12168: 12164: 12161: 12157: 12154: 12150: 12147: 12143: 12140: 12136: 12133: 12129: 12126: 12122: 12119: 12115: 12112: 12108: 12105: 12101: 12098: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12085: 12081: 12078: 12074: 12071: 12067: 12064: 12060: 12057: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12045: 12041: 12038: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12026: 12022: 12019: 12015: 12012: 12008: 12007: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11990: 11985: 11983: 11978: 11976: 11971: 11970: 11967: 11955: 11945: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11897: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11866: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11809:Maria Goretti 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11714:Agnes of Rome 11712: 11710: 11707: 11706: 11704: 11702: 11698: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11540: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11120: 11118: 11116: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11042: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10978: 10974: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10927:Thomas Becket 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10752:Irish Martyrs 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10679: 10677: 10675: 10671: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10442: 10436: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10407: 10403: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10381:John of Ávila 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10306:Leo the Great 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10205: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10151: 10147: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10038: 10034: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10006: 10002: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9855: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9837: 9830: 9825: 9823: 9818: 9816: 9811: 9810: 9807: 9795: 9792: 9791: 9788: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9740: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9710: 9709: 9706: 9705: 9700: 9696: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9681: 9677: 9674: 9671: 9667: 9664: 9661: 9657: 9654: 9651: 9647: 9644: 9641: 9637: 9634: 9631: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9612: 9609: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9595: 9592: 9589: 9585: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9569: 9565: 9562: 9559: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9539: 9531: 9528: 9527: 9526: 9522: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9510: 9507: 9503: 9500: 9497: 9493: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9479: 9471: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9432: 9431: 9427: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9415: 9412: 9408: 9405: 9402: 9398: 9395: 9392: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9380: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9365:Seven virtues 9359: 9354: 9352: 9347: 9345: 9340: 9339: 9336: 9327: 9318: 9317: 9310: 9304: 9301: 9297: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9280: 9276: 9273: 9270: 9269: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9254: 9251: 9248: 9245: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9221: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9199: 9196: 9195: 9185: 9180: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9155: 9151: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9117: 9113: 9108: 9104: 9099: 9095: 9089: 9085: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9055:(in Polish). 9054: 9049: 9045: 9039: 9035: 9034: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8981: 8977: 8971: 8967: 8962: 8958: 8952: 8948: 8943: 8939: 8933: 8929: 8924: 8920: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8902: 8898: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8875: 8871: 8865: 8861: 8860: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8829: 8825: 8819: 8815: 8814: 8808: 8804: 8798: 8794: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8775: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8728: 8724: 8718: 8714: 8709: 8706: 8700: 8695: 8694: 8687: 8683: 8681:9780670802517 8677: 8673: 8668: 8664: 8658: 8654: 8653: 8647: 8643: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8620: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8601:. Routledge. 8600: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8581: 8576: 8573: 8567: 8563: 8558: 8554: 8547: 8541: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8524: 8518: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8440: 8439: 8433: 8429: 8428: 8422: 8416: 8412: 8406: 8402: 8398: 8394: 8389: 8385: 8379: 8375: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8356: 8355: 8349: 8345: 8339: 8335: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8316: 8315: 8309: 8305: 8300: 8296: 8290: 8286: 8281: 8277: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8231: 8225: 8221: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8202: 8201:Facts On File 8198: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8106: 8102: 8100:0-8078-3038-0 8096: 8092: 8091: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8040: 8035: 8031: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7975: 7971: 7965: 7961: 7956: 7952: 7946: 7942: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7873: 7868: 7864: 7858: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7835: 7830: 7826: 7820: 7816: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7782: 7779: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7768:"St. Ambrose" 7764: 7760: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7743: 7739: 7733: 7729: 7724: 7720: 7718:0-299-13340-0 7714: 7710: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7691: 7686: 7682: 7675: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7636: 7634:1-84171-634-0 7630: 7626: 7625: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7592: 7586: 7582: 7577: 7574: 7568: 7564: 7559: 7558: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7525:, archive.org 7524: 7519: 7513:, p. 56. 7512: 7507: 7505: 7497: 7492: 7485: 7480: 7474:, p. 60. 7473: 7468: 7466: 7449: 7445: 7439: 7432: 7431:McKinnon 2001 7427: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7395: 7390: 7384:, p. 11. 7383: 7378: 7376: 7368: 7363: 7361: 7353: 7348: 7341: 7336: 7329: 7328:McKinnon 2001 7324: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7306: 7305:Burnyeat 1997 7301: 7294: 7293:Gavrilov 1997 7289: 7281: 7277: 7270: 7263: 7258: 7251: 7245: 7243: 7227: 7226: 7218: 7212: 7208: 7207:De virginibus 7203: 7194: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7160: 7153: 7147: 7139: 7135: 7129: 7122: 7117: 7110: 7105: 7098: 7093: 7086: 7081: 7074: 7069: 7062: 7061:Davidson 1995 7057: 7050: 7045: 7038: 7037:Davidson 1995 7033: 7026: 7021: 7014: 7009: 7001: 7000:newadvent.org 6997: 6991: 6975: 6974: 6966: 6951: 6950: 6943: 6927: 6923: 6916: 6914: 6905: 6898: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6871: 6864: 6859: 6852: 6847: 6840: 6835: 6829:, p. 77. 6828: 6823: 6817:doc. 8, 9–10. 6814: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6788: 6782: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6759: 6753:, p. 76. 6752: 6747: 6738: 6731: 6730:Sheridan 1966 6726: 6720:, p. 69. 6719: 6714: 6708: 6704: 6703:Trombley 2001 6700: 6699:Trombley 2001 6695: 6688: 6683: 6676: 6671: 6664: 6659: 6644: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6603: 6596: 6591: 6585:, p. 31. 6584: 6579: 6573:, p. 30. 6572: 6567: 6561:, p. 26. 6560: 6555: 6548: 6543: 6537:, p. 29. 6536: 6531: 6529: 6521: 6516: 6509: 6504: 6497: 6492: 6486:, p. 28. 6485: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6469:, p. 41. 6468: 6463: 6457:, p. 27. 6456: 6451: 6445:, p. 23. 6444: 6439: 6437: 6429: 6424: 6422: 6415:, p. 88. 6414: 6409: 6407: 6400:, p. 80. 6399: 6394: 6387: 6382: 6375: 6370: 6363: 6358: 6351: 6346: 6339: 6334: 6327: 6322: 6315: 6310: 6303: 6298: 6291: 6290:Davidson 1995 6286: 6279: 6274: 6267: 6262: 6255: 6250: 6243: 6238: 6231: 6226: 6219: 6214: 6212: 6203: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6185: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6153: 6148: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6116: 6111: 6104: 6099: 6093:, p. 74. 6092: 6087: 6080: 6075: 6068: 6063: 6056: 6051: 6044: 6039: 6032: 6027: 6025: 6017: 6012: 6005: 6004:Washburn 2006 6000: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5976: 5969: 5968:Moorhead 2014 5964: 5957: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5928: 5926: 5918: 5913: 5906: 5901: 5894: 5889: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5865: 5858: 5853: 5846: 5841: 5835:, p. 64. 5834: 5829: 5822: 5817: 5811:, p. 17. 5810: 5805: 5798: 5793: 5787:, p. 73. 5786: 5781: 5775:, p. 82. 5774: 5769: 5762: 5757: 5750: 5745: 5743: 5735: 5730: 5723: 5718: 5711: 5706: 5699: 5694: 5687: 5682: 5675: 5670: 5663: 5658: 5652:, p. 80. 5651: 5646: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5610: 5605: 5603: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5578: 5571: 5566: 5560:, p. 68. 5559: 5554: 5552: 5545:, p. 50. 5544: 5539: 5532: 5527: 5520: 5515: 5508: 5503: 5497:, p. 91. 5496: 5491: 5485:, p. 98. 5484: 5479: 5473:, p. 90. 5472: 5467: 5465: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5440: 5434:, p. 80. 5433: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5391:, p. xv. 5390: 5385: 5379:, p. 79. 5378: 5373: 5366: 5361: 5354: 5349: 5342: 5337: 5331:, p. 37. 5330: 5325: 5323: 5315: 5310: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5282: 5277: 5271:, p. 33. 5270: 5265: 5259:, p. 57. 5258: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5234: 5229: 5222: 5218: 5216:9780879072360 5212: 5208: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5178:public domain 5168: 5162:, p. 49. 5161: 5156: 5149: 5144: 5142: 5133: 5132: 5125: 5119:, p. 52. 5118: 5113: 5111: 5103: 5098: 5092:, p. 50. 5091: 5086: 5079: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5061:, p. 15. 5060: 5059:Thornton 1879 5055: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5008: 5002:, p. 46. 5001: 4996: 4989: 4984: 4977: 4972: 4965: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4948: 4943: 4936: 4931: 4924: 4923:Loughlin 1907 4919: 4917: 4910:, p. 44. 4909: 4904: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4874:, p. ix. 4873: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4849: 4848:McKinnon 2001 4844: 4837: 4832: 4826:, p. 16. 4825: 4820: 4813: 4808: 4806: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4776: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4742: 4732: 4722: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4695: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4665:Sant Ambroeus 4662: 4657: 4653: 4652:Sant'Ambrogio 4649: 4644: 4640: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4568:Saints portal 4558: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4387:1964, Vol. 79 4386: 4382: 4379: 4377:1962, Vol. 78 4376: 4372: 4369: 4367:1955, Vol. 73 4366: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4345:M. Petschenig 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4124: 4123: 4115:, 16.1049–53) 4114: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4098:, 22.307–332) 4097: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4069:, 73.327–67; 4068: 4064: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4048:, 22.161–259) 4047: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4015: 4012:(fragmented; 4009: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3982:, 73.117–206) 3981: 3977: 3971: 3970:On Repentance 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3949:, 44.269–328) 3948: 3945:, 73.13–116; 3944: 3941:, 16.435–82; 3940: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3903: 3900:, 79.223–81; 3899: 3896:, 16.853–84; 3895: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3875:, 79.15–222; 3874: 3870: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3825: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3792:, 16.279–316) 3791: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3751:De virginibus 3748: 3745: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3617:, 65.329–420) 3616: 3612: 3609:, 14.835–90; 3608: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3553: 3550:, 14.731–64; 3549: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3525:, 14.707–28; 3524: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3508:, 65.187–237) 3507: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3479:, 32.2.3–70; 3478: 3475:, 14.627–70; 3474: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3458:, 65.281–323) 3457: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3425:, 14.567–96; 3424: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3400:, 14.527–60; 3399: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3341:, 42.359–437) 3340: 3336: 3333:, 14.333–80; 3332: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3316:, 42.287–356) 3315: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3172: 3161: 3157: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3133:based on the 3132: 3128: 3127:Stained-glass 3124: 3118: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3015: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907:Mother of God 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2842: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2830:apokatastasis 2827: 2823: 2817: 2815: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2664: 2662: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2653: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2621: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2441: 2440: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2306:Chateaubriand 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2251: 2250: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2171:Gundissalinus 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2060: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877:Scholasticism 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1867:Ressourcement 1865: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1803:Compatibilism 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1749:Conceptualism 1747: 1746: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1724:Virtue ethics 1722: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1526: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1443: 1436: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1406:tour de force 1403: 1399: 1398:Song of Songs 1389: 1385: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1317:and his son, 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301:In April 393 1295: 1286: 1284: 1281:had all been 1280: 1272: 1261: 1255: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1162: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1008: 997: 995: 991: 987: 984: 974: 970: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 944: 940: 929: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 893: 891: 887: 882: 880: 876: 872: 867: 862: 860: 856: 846: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 805:Pope Liberius 802: 799:, who made a 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 754: 752: 751: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 707: 699: 695: 689: 684: 680: 676: 667: 665: 660: 652: 648: 641: 636: 629: 624: 617: 612: 611: 609: 599: 597: 594:of Milan and 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 506: 501: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 475:Saint Ambrose 465: 461: 457: 448: 444: 441: 437: 435:Notable ideas 433: 430: 426: 423: 419: 416: 413: 409: 406: 405:Patristic Age 403: 399: 396: 392: 385: 382: 377: 372: 371: 367: 364: 361: 360: 358: 352: 349: 344: 341: 338: 334: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 307: 303: 296: 292: 288: 285: 282: 278: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 234: 230: 226: 223: 220:Crypt of the 219: 215: 211: 207: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 167: 163: 158: 154: 150: 145: 142: 139: 135: 132: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 94: 90: 86: 75: 69: 64: 61: 57: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 13584:Titular sees 13536: 13529: 13522: 13501:Hereford Use 13478:African Rite 13408:Anglican Use 13281: 13100:Great Church 12947: 12904:Latin Church 12831:Angelo Scola 12793:Eugenio Tosi 12751:sede vacante 12750: 12691:Cesare Monti 12656:sede vacante 12655: 12515: 12225:Genoa period 12103: 12099:$ (355–374) 12084:Eustorgius I 12050:sede vacante 12049: 12037:Castricianus 12031:sede vacante 12030: 11834:Rose of Lima 11328:John Paul II 11158:Anastasius I 11128:Adeodatus II 11102: 10977:Missionaries 10887:Peter Chanel 10872:Óscar Romero 10767:Lorenzo Ruiz 10742:Great Martyr 10458: 10311:Peter Damian 10220: 10120:Peter Claver 9850:canonization 9781:Hamartiology 9776:Old Covenant 9769:Original sin 9718:John Cassian 9704:Psychomachia 9702: 9689: 9679: 9669: 9659: 9649: 9639: 9629: 9617: 9607: 9597: 9587: 9577: 9567: 9557: 9515: 9505: 9495: 9449: 9434: 9420: 9410: 9400: 9390: 9314: 9267: 9256: 9183: 9171:. Retrieved 9158: 9149: 9124: 9120: 9111: 9102: 9082: 9056: 9052: 9032: 9022: 9001: 8997: 8988: 8984: 8965: 8946: 8927: 8918: 8886: 8883:Misericordia 8882: 8878: 8858: 8840: 8836: 8812: 8792: 8773: 8764: 8760: 8735: 8731: 8712: 8692: 8671: 8651: 8618: 8598: 8579: 8561: 8521: 8487: 8481: 8458: 8437: 8425: 8392: 8373: 8353: 8333: 8313: 8303: 8284: 8265: 8229: 8219: 8199:. New York: 8196: 8182: 8152: 8129:(1): 56–73. 8126: 8122: 8113: 8109: 8089: 8063: 8057: 8038: 8007: 7982: 7978: 7959: 7940: 7923: 7919: 7894: 7890: 7871: 7852: 7833: 7814: 7792:(1): 74–76. 7789: 7785: 7771: 7747: 7727: 7708: 7689: 7649: 7623: 7603: 7580: 7562: 7539: 7535: 7530: 7518: 7491: 7479: 7452:. Retrieved 7447: 7438: 7433:, § para. 2. 7426: 7414:. Retrieved 7410: 7401: 7389: 7367:Boynton 2001 7354:, p. 1. 7347: 7335: 7330:, § para. 4. 7300: 7288: 7280:The Guardian 7279: 7269: 7257: 7249: 7230:, retrieved 7224: 7217: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7193: 7181:. Retrieved 7178:www.ccel.org 7177: 7168: 7159: 7146: 7138:the original 7128: 7116: 7104: 7092: 7080: 7068: 7056: 7044: 7032: 7020: 7008: 6999: 6990: 6978:, retrieved 6972: 6965: 6954:, retrieved 6948: 6942: 6930:. Retrieved 6925: 6903: 6897: 6888: 6882: 6875:Cameron 2011 6870: 6858: 6846: 6839:Salzman 2006 6834: 6822: 6802: 6796: 6776: 6770: 6758: 6746: 6737: 6725: 6713: 6706: 6694: 6687:Cameron 1991 6682: 6677:, p. 7. 6670: 6658: 6646:. Retrieved 6624: 6614: 6602: 6595:Salzman 1993 6590: 6583:Elliott 2019 6578: 6571:Elliott 2019 6566: 6559:Elliott 2019 6554: 6547:Elliott 2019 6542: 6535:Elliott 2019 6515: 6503: 6491: 6484:Elliott 2019 6462: 6455:Elliott 2019 6450: 6443:Elliott 2019 6393: 6381: 6376:, p. 2. 6369: 6357: 6352:, p. 1. 6345: 6340:, p. 6. 6333: 6328:, p. 2. 6321: 6309: 6304:, p. 9. 6297: 6285: 6280:, p. 1. 6273: 6261: 6256:, p. 4. 6249: 6244:, p. 5. 6237: 6225: 6190: 6184: 6172:. Retrieved 6168: 6159: 6152:Norwich 1989 6147: 6135:. Retrieved 6131: 6122: 6110: 6105:, chapter 8. 6098: 6091:Cameron 2011 6086: 6074: 6062: 6055:Cameron 2011 6050: 6038: 6031:Cameron 2011 6011: 5999: 5987: 5980:Cameron 2011 5975: 5963: 5951: 5944:Cameron 2011 5939: 5912: 5900: 5888: 5876: 5864: 5852: 5840: 5828: 5821:Chesnut 1981 5816: 5804: 5792: 5780: 5768: 5756: 5729: 5717: 5705: 5693: 5681: 5669: 5657: 5645: 5589: 5577: 5565: 5538: 5526: 5514: 5502: 5490: 5478: 5451: 5439: 5408: 5403:, p. 2. 5396: 5384: 5372: 5360: 5348: 5336: 5309: 5283:, p. 5. 5276: 5264: 5252: 5240: 5235:, p. 2. 5228: 5220: 5205: 5198: 5187: 5167: 5155: 5150:, p. 6. 5130: 5124: 5097: 5085: 5054: 5021: 5017: 5007: 4995: 4983: 4971: 4942: 4930: 4903: 4891: 4879: 4867: 4862:, p. 5. 4855: 4843: 4831: 4819: 4792:. Retrieved 4779: 4755:Though both 4751: 4741: 4731: 4721: 4694: 4686: 4683:Vit. Ambr. 3 4682: 4677: 4643: 4623:Henry Becher 4541: 4539: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4452:S. Ambrosii 4451: 4445: 4442:S. Ambrosii 4441: 4435: 4432:S. Ambrosii 4431: 4425: 4419: 4390: 4380: 4370: 4360: 4354: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4317: – ed. 4314: 4288: 4268: 4233: 4215: 4196: 4161: 4147: 4138: 4106: 4102: 4081: 4077: 4073:, 22.265–99) 4056: 4052: 4031: 4027: 4007: 4003: 3999:, 16.847–50) 3990: 3986: 3969: 3965: 3957: 3954:De mysteriis 3953: 3932: 3928: 3912: 3908: 3904:, 44.219–62) 3887: 3883: 3879:, 44.35–214) 3862: 3858: 3842:On the Faith 3841: 3837: 3826:, 16.351–80) 3817: 3813: 3809:, 16.319–43) 3800: 3796: 3784:On Virginity 3783: 3779: 3775:, 16.247–76) 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3746:, 16.25–194) 3737: 3733: 3705: 3701: 3688: 3684: 3667: 3663: 3646: 3642: 3625: 3621: 3600: 3596: 3579: 3575: 3562: 3558: 3541: 3537: 3533:, 65.243–75) 3516: 3512: 3491: 3487: 3483:, 65.119–84) 3466: 3462: 3441: 3437: 3433:, 65.70–113) 3416: 3412: 3391: 3387: 3370: 3366: 3349: 3345: 3324: 3320: 3299: 3295: 3274: 3261: 3247: 3244:De mysteriis 3243: 3236:divine grace 3211: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3159: 3084: 3060: 3056: 3042: 3008: 3003: 2995: 2990: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2943: 2927: 2888: 2872: 2867: 2865: 2844: 2839: 2836:, it reads: 2819: 2813: 2811: 2799: 2794: 2778: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2722: 2684: 2546:John Paul II 2471:Benedict XVI 2444:Contemporary 1940: 1924:Philosophers 1845:Cartesianism 1788:Quinque Viae 1577:Theodosius I 1574: 1570: 1565: 1554:Roman Senate 1542: 1538: 1503: 1493: 1489: 1472:Theodosius I 1469: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1423: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1382: 1354: 1338:Roman Empire 1335: 1315:Theodosius I 1306: 1300: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1232: 1217: 1209: 1175: 1166: 1164: 1148: 1128: 1117: 1113: 1105: 1093: 1074: 1067: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1026: 1022: 1003: 994:Theodosius I 980: 971: 951: 943:Theodosius I 917: 899: 883: 863: 852: 809: 792: 776: 774: 755: 748: 703: 656: 592:patron saint 562: 530:Theodosius I 515: 498: 490: 474: 455: 454: 394: 383: 369: 362: 355:Notable work 347: 323:stone masons 315:Commissariat 301: 249:Venerated in 228:Denomination 189:Roman Empire 152:Consecration 40: 13651:340s births 13564:Latin cross 13531:Missa sicca 13496:Durham Rite 13491:Celtic Rite 13046:(1555–1663) 13034:(1524–1963) 13032:West Indies 13028:(1204–1964) 13022:(1098–1964) 13016:(1276–1964) 12983:Rui Valério 12970:East Indies 12833:(2011–2017) 12827:(2002–2011) 12815:(1963–1979) 12802:(1929–1954) 12795:(1922–1929) 12783:(1894–1921) 12776:(1867–1893) 12770:(1859–1867) 12764:(1847–1859) 12758:(1818–1846) 12747:(1802–1810) 12741:(1784–1801) 12735:(1743–1783) 12729:(1737–1742) 12723:(1712–1737) 12717:(1699–1712) 12711:(1693–1699) 12705:(1681–1693) 12699:(1652–1679) 12693:(1632–1650) 12687:(1595–1631) 12681:(1584–1595) 12675:(1564–1584) 12652:(1556–1558) 12643:(1520–1550) 12637:(1497–1520) 12628:(1488–1497) 12622:(1484–1488) 12616:(1461–1484) 12607:(1454–1457) 12580:(1402–1410) 12565:(1354–1361) 12559:(1342–1354) 12550:(1308–1317) 12538:(1262–1295) 12526:(1213–1230) 12491:(1166–1176) 12478:(1126–1135) 12469:(1112–1120) 12463:(1102–1112) 12457:(1097–1101) 12451:(1093–1097) 12449:Arnolfo III 12445:(1086–1093) 12439:(1075–1080) 12427:(1070–1075) 12421:(1045–1069) 12415:(1018–1045) 12395:Gotofredo I 12257:Middle Ages 12181:Theodorus I 12132:Martinianus 12003:Ancient age 11794:Joan of Arc 11724:Æthelthryth 11641:Melchizedek 11503:Telesphorus 11493:Sylvester I 11378:Marcellus I 11373:Marcellinus 11293:Gregory VII 11288:Gregory III 11203:Celestine V 11198:Celestine I 11193:Callixtus I 11183:Boniface IV 11173:Benedict II 11148:Alexander I 11123:Adeodatus I 10942:Ulma Family 10932:Thomas More 10782:Martyrology 10757:John Fisher 10406:Evangelists 10286:Bonaventure 9940:Bartholomew 9874:Virgin Mary 9759:Eschatology 9568:Temperantia 9421:Temperantia 9262:Opera Omnia 9059:: 177–187. 9019:Albu, Emily 8862:. OUP USA. 8441:. Penguin. 7776:. Chicago: 7554:Works cited 7511:Ramsey 2002 7496:Ramsey 2002 7484:Paredi 1964 7472:Ramsey 2002 7394:Dunkle 2016 7382:Dunkle 2016 7352:Dunkle 2016 7250:Confessions 7248:Augustine. 6980:24 February 6952:, Tentmaker 6863:McLynn 1994 6520:McLynn 1994 6374:Ramsey 2002 6338:Ramsey 2002 6314:Ramsey 2002 6302:Ramsey 2002 6278:Ramsey 2002 6266:Ramsey 2002 6115:McLynn 1994 6103:Hebblewhite 6016:McLynn 1994 5932:McLynn 1994 5905:McLynn 1994 5893:Curran 1998 5869:McLynn 1994 5833:Herrin 1987 5773:Hebblewhite 5734:McLynn 1994 5722:McLynn 1994 5710:McLynn 1994 5698:Verlag 1976 5638:Grieve 1911 5570:McLynn 1994 5531:McLynn 1994 5519:McLynn 1994 5507:McLynn 1994 5495:McLynn 1994 5483:McLynn 1994 5471:McLynn 1994 5456:McLynn 1994 5444:McLynn 1994 5432:McLynn 1994 5413:McLynn 1994 5377:McLynn 1994 5365:Ramsey 2002 5353:Ramsey 2002 5341:Ramsey 2002 5314:Ramsey 2002 5302:Butler 1991 5245:Butler 1991 5184:St. Ambrose 5131:Santi Beati 5090:Barnes 2011 5078:Grieve 1911 4976:Barnes 2011 4947:Paredi 1964 4896:Paredi 1964 4884:Ramsey 2002 4872:Ramsey 2002 4824:Guiley 2001 4761:Ramsey 2002 4757:Paredi 1964 4701:Manichaeans 4522:De officiis 4434:De Nabuthae 4398:Otto Faller 4394:Otto Faller 4385:Otto Faller 4375:Otto Faller 4365:Otto Faller 4234:Opera omnia 4170:edition of 4109:]. 386. 3865:]. 381. 3786:]. 378. 3769:]. 377. 3757:]. 377. 3722:, 14.1–400) 3697:, 14.405–8) 3628:]. 387. 3571:, 32.2.469) 3565:]. 389. 3559:De Nabuthae 3519:]. 391. 3419:]. 390. 3408:, 65.9–65.) 3300:On Paradise 3296:De paradiso 3291:, 42.3–283) 3266: [ 3226:he follows 3220:Alexandrian 3204: [ 3185:(377–391), 3179:De paradiso 3045:hymnography 3005:read aloud. 2997:Confessions 2993:Augustine's 2985:Confessions 2981:Confessions 2975:Confessions 2920:worshipped. 2868:De Officiis 2856:fallen away 2824:but rather 2775:Eschatology 2710:theological 2361:Malebranche 2221:Roscellinus 2166:Grosseteste 2126:Bonaventure 1946:Athenagoras 1742:Metaphysics 1702:Personalism 1697:Natural law 1692:Probabilism 1431: 1500 1402:De Officiis 1371:and in the 1355:Ambrose is 1283:semi-Arians 1271:Constantius 1260:Constantine 1205:antisemitic 1197: [ 913:Christology 686: [ 503: [ 374: [ 319:gingerbread 201:(397-04-04) 199:4 April 397 127:Predecessor 122:4 April 397 13656:397 deaths 13640:Categories 13385:Roman Rite 13266:Tertullian 13165:Vatican II 13052:(560–1451) 13040:(560–1751) 13014:Alexandria 12665:Modern age 12461:Grosolanus 12409:(998–1018) 12204:(518–530?) 12188:Lawrence I 12111:Simplician 12086:(343–349?) 12079:(328–343?) 12072:(316–328?) 12065:(313–316?) 12058:(283–313?) 12044:Calimerius 11528:Zephyrinus 11488:Stephen IV 11473:Sixtus III 11453:Simplicius 11398:Nicholas I 11323:John XXIII 11313:Innocent I 11283:Gregory II 11273:Gelasius I 11178:Boniface I 11138:Agapetus I 11133:Adrian III 11104:Matriarchs 11045:Patriarchs 10664:Zephyrinus 10037:Confessors 10005:Archangels 9897:Assumption 9848:Stages of 9699:Prudentius 9588:Diligentia 9564:Temperance 9417:Temperance 9326:Simplician 9173:8 December 8526:. Oxford: 8010:. Oxford: 7654:. Oxford: 7232:8 December 7121:Smith 2021 7109:Brown 2012 7085:Brown 2012 7073:Smith 2021 7049:Smith 2021 7025:Kelly 2000 6956:5 December 6932:8 December 6428:Brown 2012 6413:Kempf 1980 6398:Brown 2003 6386:Smith 2021 6362:Brown 2012 6350:Smith 2021 6326:Smith 2021 6218:Smith 2021 5956:Brown 1992 5543:Trout 1999 4860:Smith 2021 4812:Brown 2021 4705:Photinians 4630:References 4516:On Abraham 4319:C. Schenkl 4172:du Frische 4125:91 letters 3924:, 73.1–12) 3755:On Virgins 3371:On Abraham 3367:De Abraham 3167: 900 3145:), 1956–59 3137:about the 3129:window by 2962:Athanasius 2946:Simplician 2826:rhetorical 2741:Ciceronian 2733:asceticism 2729:sacerdotal 2720:subjects. 2541:Hildebrand 2481:Chesterton 2346:La Mennais 2276:Bellarmine 2271:Azpilcueta 2216:Paschasius 2096:Autrecourt 2051:Tertullian 2011:Chrysostom 1951:Athanasius 1833:Victorines 1764:Nominalism 1672:Just price 1505:Hexaemeron 1361:Roman Rite 1357:remembered 1342:Simplician 1233:After the 1159:See also: 1155:Theodosius 1018: 450 1016: – c. 1014: 400 958:Singidunum 890:prefecture 886:Marcellina 859:succession 812:literature 797:Marcellina 670:Early life 659:the empire 606:See also: 596:beekeepers 538:antiphonal 495:exegetical 471: 339 295:beekeepers 293:Milan and 244:7 December 206:Mediolanum 176: 339 141:Simplician 119:Term ended 106:Mediolanum 96:Mediolanum 81: 380 18:St Ambrose 13506:Sarum Use 13413:Zaire Use 13160:Vatican I 12961:Jerusalem 12403:(980–998) 12397:(974–979) 12391:(970–974) 12370:(918–921) 12364:(906–918) 12352:(882–896) 12346:(868–881) 12337:(824–859) 12304:(746–747) 12294:(685–732) 12287:(676–685) 12285:Mansuetus 12280:(671–676) 12267:(641–669) 12211:(530–552) 12197:(512–518) 12190:(490–512) 12183:(475–490) 12176:(472–475) 12169:(465–472) 12162:(462–465) 12160:Gerontius 12155:(449–462) 12148:(438–449) 12141:(436–438) 12139:Glycerius 12134:(423–435) 12127:(408–423) 12120:(400–408) 12113:(397–400) 12106:(374–397) 12097:Auxentius 12093:(349–355) 12091:Dionysius 12077:Protasius 12046:(138–191) 12018:Anathalon 11784:Genevieve 11691:Zephaniah 11498:Symmachus 11483:Stephen I 11468:Sixtus II 11448:Silverius 11443:Sergius I 11403:Paschal I 11393:Miltiades 11303:Hormisdas 11278:Gregory I 11263:Felix III 11248:Evaristus 11243:Eutychian 11228:Eleuterus 11223:Dionysius 11218:Damasus I 11213:Cornelius 11208:Clement I 11153:Anacletus 10897:Philomena 10544:Dionysius 10519:Damasus I 10464:Anatolius 10150:Disciples 10085:Homobonus 10045:Anatolius 9858:Venerable 9618:Humilitas 9608:Patientia 9598:Humanitas 9584:Diligence 9523:Sources: 9439:, Book IV 9428:Sources: 9411:Fortitudo 9407:Fortitude 9391:Prudentia 9309:Auxentius 9167:"Ambrose" 9141:162747415 9065:1730-3788 8744:0018-2311 8555:required) 8517:"Ambrose" 8257:213344890 8080:159619838 7683:required) 7454:8 January 7282:. London. 5797:Sáry 2019 5785:Sáry 2019 5281:Kaye 1853 5269:Kaye 1853 5038:0042-6032 5024:(1): 76. 4794:8 January 4771:Citations 4709:Eunomians 4406:M. Zelzer 4402:M. Zelzer 4349:M. Zelzer 4242:cite book 4176:Le Nourry 4016:, 11.131) 3767:On Widows 3763:De viduis 3580:On Tobias 3563:On Naboth 3492:On Joseph 3488:De Joseph 2970:Augustine 2950:presbyter 2940:Augustine 2903:virginity 2885:Mariology 2879:socialism 2875:communism 2806:purgatory 2753:De viduis 2718:doctrinal 2687:Augustine 2561:MacIntyre 2521:Gutiérrez 2491:Copleston 2461:Balthasar 2316:Descartes 2176:Hildegard 2161:Gregory I 2136:Catherine 2086:Alexander 2036:Dionysius 1956:Augustine 1909:Salamanca 1783:Haecceity 1687:Casuistry 1480:Euphrates 1476:synagogue 1379:Character 1248:Theodoret 747:, in the 709:Christian 429:mariology 380:(386–390) 365:(377–391) 317:, geese, 311:chandlers 290:Patronage 241:Feast day 236:Sainthood 231:Christian 137:Successor 131:Auxentius 111:Installed 13625:Category 13557:See also 13511:York Use 13487:British 13326:Language 13234:Barnabas 13205:Syracuse 13140:Humanism 13125:Crusades 13044:Ethiopia 13038:Aquileia 13010:(?−1964) 13008:Carthage 12949:cathedra 12389:Arnulf I 12292:Benedict 12278:Ampelius 12167:Benignus 12153:Eusebius 12118:Venerius 12070:Maternus 12063:Mirocles 12039:(97–138) 12011:Barnabas 11868:See also 11769:Euphemia 11606:Jeremiah 11586:Habakkuk 11543:Prophets 11518:Vitalian 11513:Victor I 11463:Sixtus I 11458:Siricius 11388:Martin I 11368:Lucius I 11333:Julius I 11298:Hilarius 11268:Felix IV 11238:Eusebius 11233:Eugene I 11163:Anicetus 11035:Remigius 10990:Boniface 10396:Irenaeus 10178:Silvanus 10125:Salonius 9970:Matthias 9935:Barnabas 9922:Apostles 9711:People: 9697:Source: 9690:Superbia 9650:Avaritia 9636:Gluttony 9614:Humility 9604:Patience 9594:Kindness 9558:Castitas 9554:Chastity 9436:Republic 9401:Iustitia 9387:Prudence 9320:374–397 9220:LibriVox 8879:Societas 8514:(2001). 8195:(2001). 6467:Lee 2013 6174:27 March 5662:CAH 1998 4713:Donatism 4554:See also 4454:De Tobia 4323:In Latin 4295:. 1953. 4160:for his 4158:Baronius 4154:Sixtus V 4130:Editions 3718:, 32.4; 3576:De Tobia 3263:Exameron 3255:Exegesis 3216:exegesis 3200:Exameron 3151:Writings 2930:celibacy 2899:Leo XIII 2895:Siricius 2725:doctrine 2714:biblical 2576:Maritain 2551:Lonergan 2531:Guardini 2456:Anscombe 2431:Caramuel 2341:Krasicki 2336:Kołłątaj 2291:Brentano 2151:Eriugena 2116:Berengar 2064:Medieval 2016:Climacus 1996:Irenaeus 1966:Boethius 1961:Benedict 1904:Analytic 1872:Occamism 1862:Molinism 1840:Llullism 1769:Quiddity 1677:Just war 1605:a series 1603:Part of 1587:Theology 1581:Eugenius 1523:Josephus 1510:Eusebius 1487:bishop. 1319:Honorius 1311:Eugenius 1303:Arbogast 1190:Arianism 1186:catholic 1100:Basilica 1054:Ausonius 966:Aquileia 896:Arianism 871:theology 835:province 831:governor 820:rhetoric 766:beehives 745:Constans 683:Vuolvino 588:Lutheran 499:Exameron 487:paganism 483:Arianism 370:Exameron 13646:Aurelii 13613:* also 13471:Defunct 13363:Current 13282:Ambrose 13271:Cyprian 13110:Vulgate 13065:History 13020:Antioch 13001:Defunct 12944:Francis 12926:Current 12344:Anspert 12302:Natalis 12174:Senator 12146:Lazarus 12125:Marolus 12104:Ambrose 12027:(63–85) 12020:(53–63) 12013:(50–55) 11829:Rosalia 11754:Cecilia 11701:Virgins 11661:Obadiah 11636:Malachi 11581:Ezekiel 11533:Zosimus 11523:Zachary 11508:Urban I 11438:Pontian 11413:Paul VI 11348:Leo III 11308:Hyginus 11258:Felix I 11168:Anterus 11098:Solomon 11063:Abraham 10907:Stephen 10674:Martyrs 10441:Fathers 10414:Matthew 10221:Ambrose 10188:Timothy 10183:Stephen 10158:Apollos 10065:Dominic 10027:Raphael 10020: 10018:Michael 10013:Gabriel 9965:Matthew 9862:Blessed 9680:Invidia 9630:Luxuria 9578:Caritas 9574:Charity 9516:Caritas 9450:Ambrose 9397:Justice 9281:website 9277:at the 9253:Ambrose 9209:at the 9010:4435500 8910:2779265 8752:4436297 8713:Ambrose 8181:(ed.). 7999:1583823 7932:4173143 7911:1583142 7416:14 June 7183:10 June 7154:64, 139 6663:Bayliss 6648:19 June 6137:10 June 5180:: 5046:1583516 4789:Artstor 4661:Lombard 4648:Italian 4548:Brepols 4468:Letters 4413:English 4301:1565173 4293:Brepols 4281:8110481 4224:. 1866. 4168:Maurist 4150:Erasmus 4143:Erasmus 4021:Sermons 3838:De fide 3350:On Noah 3104:Te Deum 3087:stanzas 2891:Damasus 2586:Mounier 2581:McLuhan 2536:Haldane 2476:Blondel 2426:Vitoria 2401:Rosmini 2376:Mercado 2371:Meinong 2366:Mariana 2356:Maistre 2351:Liguori 2331:Gracián 2326:Fénelon 2321:Erasmus 2301:Cajetan 2286:Bossuet 2261:Arnauld 2241:Thierry 2196:Lombard 2186:Isidore 2146:Eckhart 2131:Buridan 2121:Bernard 2101:Aquinas 2071:Abelard 2031:Maximus 2006:Cassian 1976:Cyprian 1971:Clement 1941:Ambrose 1934:Ancient 1899:Thomism 1894:Scotism 1822:Schools 1773:essence 1754:Realism 1642:Aquinas 1452:Epistle 1363:of the 1277:), and 1167:De Fide 1070:Justina 1047:De Fide 1043:De Fide 1034:Sirmium 1007:Sozomen 1000:Gratian 986:Gratian 928:Gratian 924:Eastern 920:Western 909:the Son 875:Gratian 853:In 374 839:Liguria 833:of the 789:Satyrus 785:Soteris 696:in the 574:by the 546:Te Deum 526:Liguria 522:Aemilia 336:Shrines 327:Bologna 98:(Milan) 92:Diocese 13579:Turkey 13574:Latins 13425:Orders 13293:Jerome 12988:Venice 12979:Lisbon 12946:(with 12425:Attone 12362:Aicone 12209:Dacius 12202:Magnus 11676:Simeon 11666:Samuel 11601:Isaiah 11591:Haggai 11576:Elijah 11551:Agabus 11433:Pius X 11428:Pius V 11423:Pius I 11408:Paul I 11358:Leo IX 11353:Leo IV 11343:Leo II 11318:John I 11253:Fabian 11143:Agatho 11078:Joseph 10439:Church 10231:Jerome 9995:Thomas 9985:Philip 9930:Andrew 9660:Acedia 9543:versus 9445:Cicero 9139: 9090: 9063: 9040: 9008: 8972: 8953: 8934: 8908: 8893: 8866: 8820: 8799: 8780: 8750: 8742: 8719: 8701: 8678: 8659: 8638: 8605: 8586: 8568: 8542: 8504:737286 8502: 8466: 8445: 8407: 8380: 8361: 8340: 8321: 8291: 8272: 8255: 8245: 8207: 8160: 8143:639597 8141: 8097: 8078: 8045: 8026: 7997: 7966: 7947: 7930: 7909: 7878: 7859: 7840: 7821: 7806:639598 7804: 7755: 7734: 7715: 7696: 7670: 7631: 7610: 7587: 7569: 6809: 6783: 6639: 6198: 5213: 5044: 5036: 4383:– ed. 4373:– ed. 4363:– ed. 4343:– ed. 4299: 4279: 4120:Others 4059:]. 4010:]. 3993:]. 3960:]. 3915:]. 3691:]. 3649:]. 3346:De Noe 3061:oeuvre 3032:London 2964:, and 2958:Origen 2852:sinned 2785:Origen 2745:ethics 2706:Hilary 2693:, and 2691:Jerome 2606:Taylor 2596:Rahner 2591:Pieper 2571:Marion 2566:Marcel 2526:Dávila 2516:Girard 2511:Gilson 2496:Finnis 2486:Congar 2466:Barron 2416:Suárez 2396:Pascal 2391:Newman 2381:Molina 2311:Cortés 2296:Botero 2281:Bonald 2254:Modern 2236:Symeon 2226:Scotus 2211:Oresme 2206:Ockham 2201:Martin 2091:Anselm 2081:Alcuin 2076:Albert 2041:Origen 2026:Justin 2001:Jerome 1777:nature 1660:Ethics 1650:Ockham 1648:, and 1646:Scotus 1633: 1625: 1516:, and 1512:, the 1279:Valens 1171:Valens 1087:, the 1085:clergy 843:Emilia 818:, and 795:, and 679:Relief 217:Buried 210:Italia 147:Orders 114:374 AD 74:mosaic 13246:James 13229:Milan 13217:Malta 13210:Peter 13193:Peter 13050:Grado 12056:Monas 12025:Caius 11656:Nahum 11651:Moses 11646:Micah 11626:Jonah 11596:Hosea 11571:David 11478:Soter 11418:Peter 11363:Linus 11338:Leo I 11188:Caius 11115:Popes 11088:David 11073:Jacob 11068:Isaac 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In 8139:JSTOR 8076:S2CID 7995:JSTOR 7928:JSTOR 7907:JSTOR 7802:JSTOR 7544:JSTOR 5042:JSTOR 4635:Notes 4590:Milan 4309:Latin 4105:[ 4080:[ 4055:[ 4030:[ 4006:[ 3989:[ 3968:[ 3956:[ 3931:[ 3911:[ 3886:[ 3861:[ 3854:, 78) 3840:[ 3816:[ 3799:[ 3782:[ 3765:[ 3753:[ 3736:[ 3704:[ 3687:[ 3680:, 62) 3666:[ 3659:, 64) 3645:[ 3624:[ 3599:[ 3578:[ 3561:[ 3540:[ 3515:[ 3490:[ 3465:[ 3440:[ 3415:[ 3390:[ 3369:[ 3348:[ 3323:[ 3298:[ 3273:[ 3270:] 3240:faith 3224:dogma 3222:. 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