St. Mary's Church, Himmelpforten

1250:- under consultation by Alfred Hoppe - renovated Himmelpforten's organ, including many changes to case, action, pipe work and console. The new organ case follows the design of the architect Dr. Wolf from Hanover. Ott added a modern wind system to the organ, replaced the front pipes from the old case and gave the organ a new intonation. In 1973 Ott returned for a repair of the organ. During massive constructions in order to repair the roof and to enforce the stability of the ridge turret, accompanied by a general refurbish of the church interior, from 1982 to 1987, 1975: 81: 1999: 1959: 111: 1232: 1934: 806: 767: 61: 1764:, since both imperial fiefs were bestowed on the Swedish crown. By the 1650s the previous religious bodies, such as the Lutheran Bremen cathedral chapter or the archdeaconries, had been abolished, their revenues mostly confiscated, with only few of them not granted to Swedish war veterans. The general government of Swedish Bremen-Verden thus created new ecclesiastical structures. On 2/12 September 1651 the general government appointed the first 2176: 3530: 118: 88: 1942:

jumped ship so that the Nazis mostly gave up capturing the church from within through compliant collaborators but intensified the control from outside by secret police, denunciators and general criminalisation. The declared German Christian Pastor Gustav Mohr was infamous for even wearing his Nazi party badge on his gown while preaching. Until early 1935 he held the second pastorate at

2386:(proceedings of the international conference «Norm und Realität. Kontinuität und Wandel der Zisterzienser im Mittelalter» held from 14 to 16 March 2007 in Mainz), Franz J. Felten and Werner Rösener (eds.), Berlin: Lit-Verlag, 2009, (=Vita regularis: Ordnungen und Deutungen religiösen Lebens im Mittelalter; vol. 42), pp. 225–263, here p. 232. 1745:

reaction to Bailiff Heinrich Philip(p) Tiling's earlier criticism (a poor salary would only attract poorly skilled pastors) in 1794 the villages Hammah, Hammahermoor and Mittelsdorf were redistricted from Oldendorf parish to that of Himmelpforten, providing its parish with more parishioners and thus more revenues.

895:

underneath the church floor discovered in 1964 at installing a modern heating and a pertaining boiler room. The older one, located in front of the altar, is built from brick of obsolete size and buried with rubble from the demolition of the abbey in 1737. Findings of rests of women's hair portend the

2054:

5½ and six eggs per household in Himmelpforten proper, s 11 and twelve eggs per household in the outlying parochial villages, hay from the cemetery, 6 Himten of rye from the seigniorial granary of the Amt Himmelpforten, additional rye from the owners of certain farmsteads). Only after 1911

1917:

against the Nazi persecution of pastors with Jewish ancestry, and the pastor of St. Mary's in Großenwörden succeeded to convince his parishioners to elect a majority of Rally-aligned presbyters, Himmelpforten parish showed the average elective pattern in the Stade deanery. The fact that, unlike

3003:

At times usually the men had to quit the church, which is why they sat above so that they would not disturb the divine service at grade, in order to look after the coach horses outside, occasions often used to extend their absence in the close-by pubs, of which two were traditionally right opposite

1905:

won two thirds of the seats in the deanery synod (Kreissynode) and - on the average - in the presbyteries (Kirchenvorstand in Hanoverian terminology), however, with individual presbyteries fully, mostly, partially or not at all staffed with German Christians. Lutheran Hanoverian groups opposing the

1121:

In 1844 the parish acquired a church clock for the ridge turret. In 1894 the congregation installed an oven heating. Between 1982 and 1985 the church underwent a thorough renovation, removing the southern gallery in order to gain more light through the sunny side, faulty façade bricks were replaced

801:

wall of the old abbey church were maintained and thus integrated into the else new structure of today's St. Mary's. Generally the present church has smaller windows than the abbey, so that the bigger window openings in the preserved northern wall are now partially blocked up to fit the smaller

1990:

and in the two World Wars. The section stretching northerly is divided by a central avenue, east of it residents of Himmelpforten are buried, west thereof gravesites serve the people from the other parish villages. At the northern end of the cemetery there is a section of forest, where in 1976 the

1941:

Whereas 1933 twelve out of 33 Lutheran pastors in the Stade deanery had joined the German Christians, five - Gustav Mohr among them - were even Nazi party members, in 1935 two thirds of them aligned themselves with the Confessing Church. German Christians in the presbyteries had often resigned or

2883:

Ernst Friedrich Pflueg (4 January 1678-11 April 1754), from 1712 to 1752 bailiff of the Amt Himmelpforten. Earlier he had served in the Danish and the imperial armies, for the latter in Italy, appointed by the Danish occupational authority in 1712 and taken on by the British-Hanoverian

1966:

The initial cemetery was a churchyard northerly and southerly adjacent to the church building, with the northerly section, the Nonnenfriedhof (i.e. nuns' cemetery), reserved for the nuns or conventuals, respectively. After the 1794 redistricting the Himmelpforten parish needed a bigger cemetery.

723:

about the expert report of Master Mason Daniel Sommer from Stade that many of the vaults and the western gable of the abbey church were on the verge to collapse, the same was true for most of the outside walls, already giving way to the pressure by the deranged vaults. In 1684 the Bremen-Verdian

2776:

Klosterformat (i.e.literally cloister size) is a rather bigger size of brick used in mediaeval constructions, especially for ecclesiastical edifices. There were many regional standards, altering over time too, so that there is no single measurement of Klosterformat, but a variety of brick sizes

2022:

However, due to its poverty the parish was often in arrears with the salary. In 1778 Bailiff Tiling criticised that in view of the small salary only third-class preachers, who hardly passed the examination, could be employed. In 1780 the pastoral salary comprised leases from the leaseholders of

1228:, who had acquired the pipes from Stade's St. Cosmas-St. Nicholas parish renovating and rearranging them behind new case and façade in 1835. Tappe also changed the specification. It is not recorded that there ever was an organ in Himmelpforten before the purchase of the Scherer organ. 814:(40.5 m ). The present church is also slightly narrower than the abbey, which is why today's apsis, including a northern section of that of the previous abbey, is somewhat irregular. Like the previous church of a mendicant Cistercian order the new church has no spire but only a wooden 1888:

against Nazi government intrusion into religious affairs and between Nazi-submissive clergy and church functionaries against their coreligionists upholding the unadulterated Lutheran confession. On 24 June 1933 the Prussian Nazi government appointed a State Commissioner for all the eight

1744:

Before the relocation of the nunnery to Eulsete (today's Himmelpforten) the local parishioners formed part of the St. Martin's parish in Oldendorf. Traditionally the parish was very poor, allowing only a small salary for the pastor, which is why at times the pastorate was not staffed. In

1798:

in Hanoverian terminology), elected by all major male parishioners and chairing each parish in co-operation with the pastor, previously being the sole chairman. This introduction of presbyteries was somewhat revolutionary in the rather hierarchically structured Lutheran church. However, the

813:

The new western façade was partially built with brick in Klosterformat gained from the rubble of the demolished abbey. Since the apsis is at its original location the western façade of the shorter new church (23.5 m ) stands within the scope of the length of the former abbey

3178:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; 2315:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; 633:, since its aim - to sustain unmarried noble women - was to be maintained. In 1556 Provost Engelbert Gripenstroet/Griepenstroth nominated the first Lutheran preacher for the abbey of Porta Coeli, whom then the competent archdeacon, in personal union the provost of the 1067:

on the northern gallery used to be the stand of the choir boys. Close to the pulpit altar stood the individual pews for influential and wealthy families such as those of the bailiff, the preacher, the innkeeper Hancken, the post-office keeper Wehber and the great

670:

Commission ordered the Prioress Gerdruth von Kampe to deliver all liturgical devices which they appropriated in favour of the commission. On 22 November/ 2 December 1629 all the seized liturgical devices of Himmelpforten's church were handed over to the

739:

with 21 pillars carrying the vaulted ceiling. However, the aim of this expertise was to urge the General Government to restaff the pastorate. On 21 January 1706 the new Pastor Michael Schreiner reported the bad shape of the pastorate to his superiors.

788:

and thus the old church was mostly torn down in 1737, and rebuild to half of its previous length and slightly narrower. In 1738 Master Mason Christian Götze led the new construction. The new church was inaugurated in the same year and dedicated to the

1925:

to stay in office. However, while Marahrens opposed the adulteration of Lutheran faith within his church, he kept a low profile against the general Nazi dictatorship. In 1934 the Regional Church Rally, led by Marahrens, joined the Reich-wide

1893:

in Prussia and imposed an unconstitutional premature reelection of all presbyteries and synods (legislative assemblies), on all levels such as the deaneries, dioceses (for Hanover: Sprengel) and central bodies (for Hanover: Landessynode).

1871:

After the Prussian conquest in 1866, on 19 September 1866, the day before the official Prussian annexation took place and with George V already in exile, the Kingdom's six regionally competent consistories formed a central umbrella

743:

Now Bremen-Verden's General Government reacted and began rebuilding the whole convent compound. In 1732 the old pastorate was replaced by a new building recycling preserved parts of the old pastorate and the old bailiff's office.

611: 731:), Erich Schlichting (Breitenwisch), Master Carpenter Erich Dede and Master Mason Hinrich Vörder, describing the former abbey church as being well preserved. According to their report the abbey's external dimensions measured 875:

for Prioress Maria von Weyhe (officiating between 1591 and 1616), translated from the old church and dating from the first half of the 17th century displaying the Weyhe family coat of arms, baroque figural allegories of

3338:: 2 vols., Stade: Stadt Stade / Stadtdirektor and Landkreis Stade / Landrat, 1991 and 2003, vol. 2: 'Alltag und Verfolgung' (=Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade; vol. 23), pp. 9–52, here p. 32. 3312:: 2 vols., Stade: Stadt Stade / Stadtdirektor and Landkreis Stade / Landrat, 1991 and 2003, vol. 2: 'Alltag und Verfolgung' (=Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade; vol. 23), pp. 9–52, here p. 31. 3275:: 2 vols., Stade: Stadt Stade / Stadtdirektor and Landkreis Stade / Landrat, 1991 and 2003, vol. 2: 'Alltag und Verfolgung' (=Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade; vol. 23), pp. 9–52, here p. 30. 3359:: 2 vols., Stade: Stadt Stade / Stadtdirektor and Landkreis Stade / Landrat, 1991 and 2003, vol. 2: 'Alltag und Verfolgung' (=Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade; vol. 23), pp. 9–52, here pp. 31seq. 1880:

monarch of Prussia was rather reserved. Thus the Hanoverian church coped better with the cessation of the summepiscopate (supreme government) by the monarchs in 1918 and the separation of state and religion in 1919.

1118:, Stade's then burgomaster Heinrich Hintze , Johann von der Medem ) and canting arms of craftspeople. The paintings had later been covered and forgotten and only rediscovered in 1933 on the occasion of a renovation. 1876:(Landeskonsistorium). The Lutheran state church became a stronghold of Hanoverian tradition and self-confidence and therefore somewhat politicised. The relation between the Lutheran State Church of Hanover and the 1160:

for Stade's St. Nicholas' Church between 1587 and 1590. In the years 1609 and 1667 to 1669 not known organ builders repaired the instrument most likely also altering disposition and technical details. In 1677

1868:(the kingdom's parliament) approved the proto-synod's decisions and cast them in the legislative mold, establishing the state synod (Landessynode, the proto-synod's successor) as the church's ordinary parliament. 2446:: 12 vols., vol. XII: 'Norddeutschland: Die Männer- und Frauenklöster der Zisterzienser in Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg' (1994), Ulrich Faust (compil.), pp. 148–167, here p. 154. 1858: 1986:

was erected in 1839 on the new cemetery. Clergy, sextons and municipal officials are buried close to the Main Street, where there also are two war memorials for the soldiers killed in action in the

1671: 2915:

Née Kluegen, this name also still shows the then traditional female ending of family names, she was born on 12 February 1714, died on 7 September 1757, married Meyer on 2 July 1738.

1660: 1019:

were installed to seat the additional parishioners. Since the installations of the galleries, men sat above and women at grade. Traditionally women from Himmelpforten (including its components

3511:: 12 vols., vol. XII: 'Norddeutschland: Die Männer- und Frauenklöster der Zisterzienser in Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg' (1994), Ulrich Faust (compil.), pp. 148–167. 1697: 3055: 1731: 1769: 822:

as a seigniorial granary for the dues in kind it collected, a wheel of the crane of which is preserved under the roof until today. In 1877 the southerly entrance was added a brick

3612: 2777:

measuring between 280 to 300 mm (11 to 12 in) of length, 140 to 150 mm (5.5 to 5.9 in) of width and 75 to 90 mm (3.0 to 3.5 in) of height. So-called

1080: 1642: 735:

141 (40.8 metres ) in length and Br. ft 46 (13.31 metres ) in width, whereas its vault ceiling reached a height of Br. ft 44 (12.73 metres ). The abbey comprised seven

1210: 857:

granted by the Conventual Anna Voss in 1648, and a silver, internally gilded jug, created in 1780 fulfilling the last will of the widow of Bailiff Tiling, née Prilop (d. 1779).

724:

general government ordered a greater repair of the decayed church, and also the remaining convent buildings were restored to some extent, all carried out by the socage farmers.

3427: 2011:

Traditionally the pastors, like the schoolmaster and the sexton, were paid from the convent's revenues. After the alienation of the convent's revenues by secular rulers the

1108: 934: 904:, estimated to an age of more than 200 years. The prominent barrel vault of the bailiff's crypt is why the church floor, elevated with rubble, is now 0.9 m (3.0 629:

of the nuns followed the spreading of Lutheranism among the noble families from whom they originated. By 1550/1555 the Porta Coeli nunnery had transformed into a Lutheran

3622: 1188: 1812: 727:

During the vacancy of the pastorate (1696–1703), on 13 May 1699 representatives of the Himmelpforten parish handed in an expertise by the judges Johann Schröder (

592:

as their legal male representative to the outside. The provost was entitled to nominate the candidates (ius nominandi) to be appointed as pastors in the parishes of

3292:

A Kirchenpartei (church party) in German Protestantism is a group nominating candidates in a list for church council and synodal elections and compares roughly to

1199: 1174: 1139: 912: 745: 285: 944:, who died from a feaver when in 1788 they visited their grandparents in Himmelpforten. After being examined also the bailiff's crypt was buried again with sand. 142: 2148: 923: 3607: 1918:

in the synod of the Stade deanery, the Regional Church Rally won the majority in the all-Hanoverian Landessynode, allowed its pre-1933 leadership, including

1686: 2035:, and parishioners' dues in kind (rye and eggs), certain farmers were further obliged to provide fares and hauls to and from Stade on behalf of the pastor. 1720: 298: 3627: 1863: 1823: 1251: 3534: 3202:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. III: pp. 173–253, here p. 189. 1967:

Therefore, the old cemetery was closed in 1797/1798 and later levelled, except of few graves, such as those of Jenny von Goeben (d. 1820), spouse of

694: 597: 1072:

von Issendorff, the first lines of pews north of the aisle were reserved for officials of the bailiwick and other clerks of church or municipality.

3044: 1150: 2339:), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. III: pp. 1–158, here p. 78. 1992: 524: 435: 414: 2624:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, pp. 48seq. No ISBN. 1612: 994: 1225: 1005: 709:, succeeding the Prince-Archbishopric since 1648. So for lack of funds and maintenance the convent buildings and the church fell into decay. 3404:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 56. No ISBN. 2676:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 54. No ISBN. 2611:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 53. No ISBN. 2598:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 39. No ISBN. 2555:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 38. No ISBN. 2539:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 33. No ISBN. 2514:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 30. No ISBN. 2498:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 31. No ISBN. 2472:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 27. No ISBN. 1765: 616: 2707:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, pp. 66seqq. No ISBN 2637:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 69. No ISBN 2282:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979, p. 68. No ISBN 1854: 1031: 3617: 2906:

Ranked Royal British and Electoral Brunswick-Lunenburgian Upper Bailiff (Ober-Amtmann), Meyer died on 21 September 1760, aged 55.

2019:

passed onto them too. The actual revenues of the pastors formed a combination of a seigniorial appanage and dues by the parishioners.

860:

In 1684 on the occasion of the renovation of the abbey, during the term of Bailiff Lothar Feindt, an unknown donator granted a wooden

1076: 663:

preachers fled the area or were exiled. So also Himmelpforten's Lutheran preachers Hermann Marsmann and Ludolphus Eggebert(us) fled.

621:

financially burdensome reign (1511–1547 and again 1549–1558) and prodigal lifestyle fostered the spreading of the Reformation in the

80: 1950:, Mohr became pastor at St. Mary's, succeeding Himmelpforten's retired Pastor Wilhelm Arfken. Mohr died on 16 March 1945. 1020: 1042: 691: 2311:

Matthias Nistal, "Die Zeit der Reformation und der Gegenreformation und die Anfänge des Dreißigjährigen Krieges (1511–1632)", in:

1623: 3504:, reprint of the edition by "Stader Archiv", 1911/1913, extended by Clemens Förster, Stade and Buxtehude: Krause, 1979. No ISBN. 896:

burial crypt of the convent's donators, the Brobergen family. Close to the western entrance the second burial crypt (called the

2455:

Sabine Graf, "Die vier katholischen Klöster Harsefeld, Altkloster, Neukloster und Zeven im evangelischen Erzstift Bremen", in:

1995:

from Himmelpforten built the cemetery chapel on behalf of the municipality of Himmelpforten. The chapel was renovated in 2013.

538:. The church was completed in 1738 and covers the eastern half of the foundations of the demolished abbey church of the former 535: 402: 110: 3248: 3230: 1982:

A new, still functioning, cemetery was opened further east on the Main Street at the corner of Am Friedhof. The timber-framed

1897:

So on 23 July also in Himmelpforten the presbytery was reelected. In the Stade deanery proponents of the Nazi-submissive

3207: 3199: 3191: 3183: 2391: 2344: 2336: 2328: 2320: 2382:

Christine Kleinjung, "Nonnen und Personal, Familien und Stifter: Zisterzienserinnenkonvente und ihre soziale Umwelt", in:

566:. From the beginning on the abbey church served also as the parish church of the local parish (Kirchspiel Himmelpforten). 3632: 1902: 1083:

for demolition the Himmelpforten parish bought several furnishings from that church. Among them are 15 paintings of the

853:, one from 1422 and another donated by the convent's last Prioress Gerdruth von Kampe in 1636. Furthermore, there are a 2790: 1107:, with each painting showing the coats of arms of the donating families from Stade's St. Nicholas parish (such as 3580: 1774: 1647: 3364: 3343: 3317: 3280: 888:. The altar bible, edited by Caspar Holwein and printed in 1702 in Stade, is a valuable print from the Swedish era. 1215: 971: 717: 2072:, returned as a retired man to his daughter and son-in-law Adolph Bremer, (ad)vocate of the Himmelpforten Convent. 2038:

Since 1788, after Tiling's criticism, pastor (preacher), schoolmaster, and sexton were salaried by the bailiwick (

868:

box is a massive oaken chest, created at the turn of the 16th and 17th century. On the southern wall is a mounted

2159: 939: 1702: 2799:(Quarterly of the German foundation for monument preservation), June 2009, retrieved on 10 September 2014. 1113: 1100: 630: 622: 574: 1971:

Carl August Diedrich von Goeben, of Hinrich Jungen and Johann Stüven, the latter two from the baroque period.

1943: 1712: 1122:

by tailored replicas from the Netherlands, the galleries were altered and the interior walls newly rendered.

2994:(leaflet for the reopening on 28 April 1985), Himmelpforten: Kirchengemeinde Himmelpforten, 1985, p. 2. 1736: 1165:

rebuilt the organ on the occasion of a general reshape of the interior of St. Nicholas, applying a new

1144: 584:, enabling it to sustain their unmarried kinswomen. The nuns, and later the Lutheran conventuals (after the 523:, Lower Saxony, Germany. The Himmelpforten parish forms part of the Stade deanery (Kirchenkreis) within the 1633:, the former a part of the St. Peter's parish in Horst, the latter of the St. Martin's parish in 1193: 3079:

The St. Cosmas-St. Nicholas parish had sold Stade's St. Nicholas Church on demolition. Cf.

1877: 1676: 2102: 2069: 1873: 1791: 1784: 917: 885: 846: 2101:, started oldest preserved registries of baptisms, burials and other rites de passage, transferred to 1025: 3574:, Northern German organ music culture in Lower Saxony and Europe), retrieved on 9 September 2014 3087:(Northern German organ music culture in Lower Saxony and Europe), retrieved on 9 September 2014. 3070:(Northern German organ music culture in Lower Saxony and Europe), retrieved on 9 September 2014. 2974:(Northern German organ music culture in Lower Saxony and Europe), retrieved on 9 September 2014. 1946:

in Stade, when the Confessing-Church member Hermann Ubbelohde replaced him. In 1938, after a certain

1834: 1261:

completely disassembled the pipes, overhauled them in a safe place, and reassembled them afterwards.

1204: 1179: 911:

The six richly decorated zinc and lead coffins in the bailiff's crypt contain the remains of Bailiff

750: 290: 2585:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 142. No ISBN. 2118: 2082: 2068:

before 1618–1630: Ludolphus Eggebert(us) (d. in 1660), fled the imperial restitution commission to

928: 881: 652: 2844:

Its dimensions (length, width, height) measure 2.28 by 0.82 by 1.6 m (7.5 by 2.7 by 5.2

1815:

of 1862, when the royal administration tried to impose an unwelcome old-fashioned catechism, King

1224:. In 1834 the Himmelpforten parish bought 24 of the then 35 stops of the organ from organ builder 2153: 2142: 2132: 1725: 794: 732: 702: 570: 555: 319: 1845:(i.e. proto-synod). The proto-synod gathered synodals from all the then seven separate Lutheran 1611:

Today's parish comprises the villages Himmelpforten (with Löhe, Ochsenpohl, Ramels, but without

3602: 3025:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, pp. 140 and 143. 2791:"Backstein ist nicht gleich Backstein: Die Entwicklung vom Mittelalter bis ins 20. Jahrhundert" 1757: 1665: 1104: 1084: 585: 257: 252: 192: 2924:

Cf. Christoph Hajo Schomerus, "Die Amts-Gruft in der ev.-luth. Kirche zu Himmelpforten", in:

983: 962:

in an auriole. Left and right the pulpit is flanked by veil-like carved elements bearing the

683: 563: 559: 539: 440: 2725:

Zeugen der Geschichte in Himmelpforten. Ein Spaziergang durch die Vergangenheit der Gemeinde

1656:, Hammahermoor, and Mittelsdorf (the latter three until 1794 part of the Oldendorf parish). 3488:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 145. 3417:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 123. 3391:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 146. 3152:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 144. 3012:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 140. 2835:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 143. 2767:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 140. 2694:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 138. 2663:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 139. 2042:). Besides this salary the sexton received other revenues, such as dues on the occasion of 667: 656: 626: 316: 208: 3165:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 57. 3122:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 22. 2874:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, pp. 140seq. 2723:

Landkreis Stade / Archäologische Denkmalpflege and Heimat- und Schulmuseum Himmelpforten,

2433:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 37. 2373:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 33. 2360:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 27. 2295:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990, p. 28. 1752:

in 1648 the prince-archiepiscopal elective monarchy had been secularised as the heritable

784:

However, Bonn's plan was not acknowledged by the general government of British-Hanoverian

8: 3355:

Jürgen Bohmbach, "Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus im Landkreis Stade im Überblick", in:

3334:

Jürgen Bohmbach, "Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus im Landkreis Stade im Überblick", in:

3308:

Jürgen Bohmbach, "Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus im Landkreis Stade im Überblick", in:

3271:

Jürgen Bohmbach, "Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus im Landkreis Stade im Überblick", in:

3174:

Beate-Christine Fiedler, "Bremen und Verden als schwedische Provinz (1633/45–1712)", in:

2032: 1974: 1828: 1816: 1749: 877: 841:

Inside, above the western door there is a decorated relief monogrammed with the initials

496: 43: 2785:(about 280 by 130 by 85 mm ), which only in its height differs again from the 1256: 955:

by Joachim August Relling dominates the inside scene. The pulpit altar is topped by the

3518:, Gemeinde Himmelpforten municipality (ed.), Stade: Hansa-Druck Stelzer, 1990. No ISBN. 1998: 1958: 1850: 736: 589: 581: 3005: 2055:

the positions of schoolmaster and sexton were not staffed in personal union any more.

1010: 66: 3360: 3339: 3313: 3276: 3203: 3195: 3187: 3179: 2893:

Pfluegen, née Mohren, both names still show the then traditional local female ending

2387: 2340: 2332: 2324: 2316: 2111: 2039: 1987: 1927: 1857:. The General Diocese of Bremen-Verden thus became a subdivision of that church. The 1808: 1270: 1155: 1088: 728: 713: 637: 602: 593: 529: 512: 419: 380: 3049: 818:. The ceiling is completely flat. In 1759 the Amt Himmelpforten adjusted the church 675:

Father Matthias Kalkhoven, and disappeared with the Jesuits in April 1632. Only one

3293: 2404: 1922: 1800: 1638: 1634: 999: 948: 705:

and his son, and finally thereafter in favour of the general government of Swedish

634: 312: 2727:, Heimat- und Schulmuseum Himmelpforten (ed.), Stade: Seidel, 2006, section 2 2091:

1669–1679: Ernst Kirchhof (d. in 1669), before field chaplain of the Swedish Guard

3584: 2897:

of family names, was born on 16 October 1677, died on 14 December 1735.

2794: 2098: 1753: 1617: 1135: 1069: 975: 966:

inscription «Vere hic est nihil aliud - nisi domus Dei et porta coeli» (English:

830: 655:

conquest and subsequent occupation of the Prince-Archbishopric in the course the

32: 3558: 3080: 3063: 2965: 2857:

Its dimensions (l/w/h) are 4.7 by 2.35 by 2.15 m (15.4 by 7.7 by 7.1

2523:

Today her then name is also given in the modern standard German variant Gertrud.

2122: 1169:

and adding more voices. He employed 151 pounds of lead and received a salary of

3577: 3446: 2195: 2016: 1914: 1274: 1016: 956: 666:

On 19/29 November Jacob Brummer and Wilhelm Schröder, subdelegates of the

326: 2200:

1938–1945: Gustav Elias Berthold Mohr (1880–1945), before pastor in Stade and

2166: 1166: 3596: 2078:

1632–1658: Christian Kattner, first preacher after the retreat of the Jesuits

1919: 1761: 1231: 1162: 1036: 785: 706: 660: 577: 520: 245: 177: 157: 144: 1838: 3540: 3459: 3102: 3059: 2219: 2086: 1933: 1890: 1885: 1846: 1780: 1221: 1170: 952: 892: 849:, King and Elector of Great Britain and Hanover. The congregation owns two 815: 790: 760: 759:

architect) planned to renovate the existing church, and calculated cost of

756: 2384:

Norm und Realität: Kontinuität und Wandel der Zisterzienser im Mittelalter

1708: 554:

which had mostly been torn down due to dilapidation in 1737. The previous

3547: 3431: 3252: 3234: 2858: 2845: 2482: 1837:

and education (1862–1865), for the first time convened the long withheld

1682: 1245: 905: 805: 766: 720: 641: 508: 372: 360: 197: 1691: 933:, of his wife Anna Maria Meyer, as well of the grandchildren of Bailiff 2060: 1790:

In 1848 the Lutheran parishes were democratised by the introduction of

1131: 1047: 987: 60: 3549:

Organs of Arp Schnitger: More than 350 years Arp Schnitger (1648-1719)

2059:

1556–1562: Peter Schlichting, first Lutheran preacher, transferred to

3472: 2185: 2175: 2128: 1628: 1060: 1056:, whereas northerly those from Hammah, Hammahermoor and Mittelsdorf. 869: 865: 827: 797:. The eastern part of the northern wall and the adjacent part of the 277: 3565: 3559:"Himmelpforten, St. Marien: Orgel von Hans Scherer d.Ä. (1587-1590)" 3081:"Himmelpforten, St. Marien: Orgel von Hans Scherer d.Ä. (1587-1590)" 3064:"Himmelpforten, St. Marien: Orgel von Hans Scherer d.Ä. (1587-1590)" 2969: 2966:"Himmelpforten, St. Marien: Orgel von Hans Scherer d.Ä. (1587-1590)" 2224:

1968–1978: Friedhelm Klein, later military chaplain, then pastor in

2403:

Sabine Graf, "Die vier katholischen Klöster Harsefeld, Altkloster,

2051: 2031:

cutting on glebe land (Torfgrabgeld), the geese fee (Gänsegeld) at

2012: 1983: 1947: 1787:

in Stade. Lutherans made up by far the majority of the population.

1240: 1092: 755:(1703–1785), Landbaumeister (i.e. State Construction Master, about 698: 3502: