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575:. While several individuals wrote biographies in the decades following the king's death, only Jean of Joinville, Geoffrey of Beaulieu, and William of Chartres wrote from personal knowledge of the king and of the events they describe, and all three are biased favorably to the king. The fourth important source of information is William of Saint-Parthus's 19th-century biography, which he wrote using material from the papal inquest mentioned above.
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2015:
3285:, which claims him as a member of the Order. When he became king, over a hundred poor people were served meals in his house on ordinary days. Often the king served these guests himself. His acts of charity, coupled with his devout religious practices, gave rise to the legend that he joined the Third Order of St. Francis, though it is unlikely that he ever actually joined the order.
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736:. The style of his court was influential throughout Europe, both because of artwork purchased from Parisian masters for export, and by the marriage of the king's daughters and other female relatives to foreigners. They became emissaries of Parisian models and styles elsewhere. Louis's personal chapel, the
2120:, his chateau and estate near Paris. He chose Trinitarians as his chaplains and was accompanied by them on his crusades. In his spiritual testament he wrote, "My dearest son, you should permit yourself to be tormented by every kind of martyrdom before you would allow yourself to commit a mortal sin."
697:. The new queen's religious zeal made her a well-suited partner for the king, and they are attested to have gotten along well, enjoying riding together, reading, and listening to music. His closeness to Margaret aroused jealousy in his mother, who tried to keep the couple apart as much as she could.
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first among equals, among the kings and rulers of the continent. He commanded the largest army and ruled the largest and wealthiest kingdom, the
European centre of arts and intellectual thought at the time. The foundations for the notable college of theology, later known as the
700:
While his contemporaries viewed his reign as co-rule between the king and his mother, historians generally believe Louis began ruling personally in 1234, with his mother assuming a more advisory role. She continued to have a strong influence on the king until her death in 1252.
516:
Louis' admirers through the centuries have celebrated him as the quintessential
Christian monarch. His skill as a knight and engaging manner with the public contributed to his popularity, although he was occasionally criticized as being overly pious, earning the moniker of a
2037:, defined at the time as any taking of interest and therefore covering most banking activities. Louis used these anti-usury laws to extract funds from Jewish and Lombard moneylenders, with the hopes that it would help pay for a future crusade. Louis also oversaw the
2046:
declared that all copies of the Talmud should be seized and destroyed. In 1242, Louis ordered the burning of 12,000 Talmudim, along with other important Jewish books and scripture. The edict against the Talmud was eventually overturned by
Gregory IX's successor,
3691:
It is likely that Dante hides the figure of the Saint King behind the Veltro, the Messo di Dio, the Veglio di Creta and the "515", which is a duplicate of the Messo. This is a trinitarian representation to oppose to the analogous representation of his nephew
800:
The prestige and respect felt by
Europeans for King Louis IX were due more to the appeal of his personality than to military domination. For his contemporaries, he was the quintessential example of the Christian prince and embodied the whole of
817:
by his sergeants. Enguerrand demanded judgment by his peers and trial by battle, which the king refused because he thought it obsolete. Enguerrand was tried, sentenced, and ordered to pay 12,000 livres. Part of the money was to pay for
2041:
in 1240, in which Paris's Jewish leaders were imprisoned and forced to admit to anti-Christian passages in the Talmud, the major source of Jewish commentaries on the Bible and religious law. As a result of the disputation, Pope
5226:
3669:, "To the Sun?/Off on a Comet!" A comet takes several bits of the Earth away when it grazes the Earth. Some people, taken up at the same time, find the Tomb of Saint Louis is one of the bits, as they explore the comet.
2077:
every day. After his release against ransom, he visited the Holy Land before returning to France. In these deeds, Louis IX tried to fulfill what he considered the duty of France as "the eldest daughter of the Church"
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805:
in his person. His reputation for fairness and even saintliness was already well established while he was alive, and on many occasions he was chosen as an arbiter in quarrels among the rulers of Europe.
2070:
sect had been strongest. The rate of confiscation of property from the
Cathars and others reached its highest levels in the years before his first crusade and slowed upon his return to France in 1254.
2131:. The letter outlined how Philip should follow the example of Jesus Christ in order to be a moral leader. The letter is estimated to have been written in 1267, three years before Louis's death.
2007:
by agreeing to pay off
Baldwin's debt to the Venetian merchant Niccolo Quirino, for which Baldwin had pledged the Crown of Thorns as collateral. Louis IX paid the exorbitant sum of 135,000
1526:
563:. Joinville was a close friend, confidant, and counselor to the king. He participated as a witness in the papal inquest into Louis's life that resulted in his canonization in 1297 by
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in Paris, which was known for its intricate stained-glass windows, was copied more than once by his descendants elsewhere. Louis is believed to have ordered the production of the
1951:
The perception of Louis IX by his contemporaries as the exemplary
Christian prince was reinforced by his religious zeal. Louis was an extremely devout Catholic, and he built the
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went slowly. The seasonal rising of the Nile and the summer heat made it impossible for them to advance. During this time, the
Ayyubid sultan died, and the sultan's wife
757:
During the so-called "golden century of Saint Louis", the kingdom of France was at its height in Europe, both politically and economically. Saint Louis was regarded as
3861:
Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. Tome 23 / [éd. par Dom Martin
Bouquet,...] ; nouv. éd. publ. sous la dir. de M. Léopold Delisle,...
813:, arrested and without trial hanged three young squires of Laon, whom he accused of poaching in his forest. In 1256 Louis had the lord arrested and brought to the
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In a parliament held at Paris, 24 March 1267, Louis and his three sons "took the cross." On hearing the reports of the missionaries, Louis resolved to land at
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Louis's bones were carried overland in a lengthy processional across Sicily, Italy, the Alps, and France, until they were interred in the royal necropolis at
2383:
on 25 August 1270, during an epidemic of dysentery that swept through his army. According to
European custom, his body was subjected to the process known as
619:, public speaking, writing, military arts, and government. He was nine years old when his grandfather Philip II died and his father became King Louis VIII.
403:
until he came of age and continued to serve as his trusted adviser until her death. During his formative years, Blanche successfully confronted rebellious
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I love you, my dear son, as much as a mother can love her child; but I would rather see you dead at my feet than that you should ever commit a mortal sin.
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72:
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841:, which was held by the King of Aragon. James in turn renounced his feudal overlordship over several counties in southern France, including
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The Equestrian Statue of Louis IX, Paris, by Hippolyte Lefèbvre, which stands outside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Montmartre.
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A letter from Guy, a knight, concerning the capture of Damietta on the sixth Crusade with a speech delivered by Saint Louis to his men
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3700:. The idea came to Dante from the transposition of the Revelation of St. John in the history, studied from the abbot and theologian
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2231:. He used his resources to aid the Crusaders in reconstructing their defenses and actively engaged in diplomatic endeavors with the
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As an adult, Louis IX grappled with persistent conflicts involving some of the most influential nobles in his kingdom, including
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5646:—— (2017). "A Border Policy? Louis IX and the Spanish Connection". In Liang, Yuen-Gen; Rodriguez, Jarbel (eds.).
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2368:, and he ordered his younger brother, Charles of Anjou, to join him there. The crusaders, among whom was the English prince
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set in motion a shift in power that would make her Queen and eventually result in the rule of the Egyptian army of the
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17:
4325:"Bréhier, Louis. "Crusades." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 24 Feb. 2013"
513:. His reputation as a fair and judicious ruler led to his being solicited to mediate disputes beyond his own kingdom.
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Louis and his followers landed in Egypt on 4 or 5 June 1249 and began their campaign with the capture of the port of
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Etext full version of the Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville, a biography of Saint Louis written by one of his knights
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during his minority. Louis's mother instilled in him her devout Christianity. She is once recorded to have said:
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5997:
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Davis, Jennifer R. (Autumn 2010). "The Problem of King Louis IX of France: Biography, Sanctity, and Kingship".
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Theodore de Bainville, poem, "La Ballade des Pendus (Le Verger du Roi Louis)"; musicalized by Georges Brassens.
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778:
2329:, sent a letter to the French king, soliciting his military aid; this letter, however, never reached France.
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4231:"Art. 94, Enseignements de saint Lewis a Philip soun fitz: Introduction | Robbins Library Digital Projects"
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Death of Saint Louis: On 25 August 1270, Saint Louis dies in his tent, ornamented with royal symbols, near
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and was captured by the Egyptians. His release was eventually negotiated in return for a ransom of 400,000
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was confirmed in his possession of territories in southwestern France, and Louis received the provinces of
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Louis was 12 years old when his father died on 8 November 1226. He was crowned king on 29 November 1226 at
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to end areas of contention between them. By this treaty, Louis renounced his feudal overlordship over the
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5227:"Listen Articles The Catholic Church in Tunisia: a transliminal institution between religion and nation"
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Many countries in which French speakers and Catholicism were prevalent named places after King Louis:
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In 1250, Louis headed a crusade to Egypt and was taken prisoner. During his captivity, he recited the
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Brown, Elizabeth A. R. (Autumn 1990). "Authority, the Family, and the Dead in Late Medieval France".
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446:. Keeping a promise he made while praying for recovery from a grave illness, Louis led the ill-fated
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533:, including ordering them to wear a yellow badge of shame, as well as the notorious burning of the
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Histoire de l'ordre royal et Militaire de Saint-Louis depuis son institution en 1693 jusqu'en 1830
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prior to his remains being returned to France. Louis was succeeded as King of France by his son,
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in Rome in 800. The kings of France were known in the Church by the title "most Christian king" (
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2284:. However, Güyük's death preceded the arrival of the emissary, and his widow and acting regent,
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of the tongue and lips. The area most affected by this expansion was southern France, where the
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Authority and Spectacle in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of Teofilo F. Ruiz
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depicting a timeline of important lawgivers throughout world history, on the North Wall of the
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689:(1221–1295); she was crowned in the cathedral of Sens the next day. Margaret was the sister of
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mechanism that allowed petitioners to appeal judgements directly to the monarch. He abolished
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3720:, Paris canon; Rhymed, chanted office for St. Louis, 1290, Sens Bib. Mun. MS6, and elsewhere.
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4436:"The Letters of Eljigidei, H¨uleg¨u and Abaqa: Mongol overtures or Christian Ventriloquism?"
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to prevent the unification of the Muslim forces in Egypt and Syria. In response, Louis sent
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from 1226 until his death in 1270. He is widely recognized as the most distinguished of the
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Upon his liberation from captivity in Egypt, Louis IX devoted four years to fortifying the
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A bas-relief of St. Louis is one of the carved portraits of historic lawmakers that adorn
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proclaimed the canonization of Louis in 1297; he is the only French king to be declared a
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8:
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in Carthage, Tunisia, so named because Louis IX died at that approximate location in 1270
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2254:. Eljigidei proposed that Louis should launch an offensive in Egypt while he targeted
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3880:"Retour de l'ordre religieux ou signe de bonne santé de notre pluralisme laïc ?"
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2235:. In the spring of 1254, Louis and his remaining forces made their return to France.
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5882:"Man of the Middle Ages, Saint Louis, King of France", Archdiocese of St. Louis, MO
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The Making of Saint Louis: Kingship, Sanctity, and Crusade in the Later Middle Ages
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4054:. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 193–194.
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A statue of St. Louis by the sculptor John Donoghue stands on the roofline of the
466:. He was captured and ransomed during the Seventh Crusade, and later succumbed to
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H.365 & H.365 a, for soloists, chorus, woodwinds, strings and continuo (1690)
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434:. Louis expanded his territory by annexing several provinces, including parts of
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Site about The Saintonge War between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England
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2457:(23 September 1243/24 February 1244 – 11 January/2 February 1260). Betrothed to
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The Convent of Saint Louis and Catholic High School in Carrickmacross, Ireland.
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in Rome: San Luigi dei Francesi in Italian, or Saint Louis of France in English
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The St. Louis King of France Catholic Church and School, in Metairie, Louisiana
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Louis and Margaret's two children who died in infancy were first buried at the
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Account of the first Crusade of Saint Louis from the perspective of the Arabs.
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In honorem santi Ludovici Regis Galliae canticum tribus vocibus cum symphonia,
3616:, it depicts St. Louis burying his plague-stricken troops before the siege of
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Berenguela of Castile (1180–1246) and Political Women in the High Middle Ages
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in Buffalo, New York (Mother Church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo)
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rulers of his era. During his first crusade in 1248, he received envoys from
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4675:"Our Father and Patron St. Louis / St. Louis, King of France, 1214–1270 AD"
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Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
3274:, France, in 1803. A similar order, the Sisters of St Louis, was founded in
2342:
2178:, was on his deathbed. However, the march of Europeans from Damietta toward
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for 300 blind men (1254), and hospitals at Pontoise, Vernon, and Compiègne.
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505:. Louis IX's reign is often marked as an economic and political zenith for
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3342:, named by the Franciscans who built one of the California missions there.
2400:, preserved his heart and intestines, and conveyed them for burial in the
2207:(roughly 80 million USD today) and the surrender of the city of Damietta.
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Streyer, J.R. (1962). "The Crusades of Louis IX". In Setton, K.M. (ed.).
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3259:. Louis IX is often considered the model of the ideal Christian monarch.
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567:. Two other important biographies were written by the king's confessor,
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John de Joinville. Memoirs of Louis IX, King of France. Chronicle, 1309
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H.418, for soloists, chorus, 2 flutes, 2 violins and continuo (1692–93)
3466:
Saint Louis King of France Catholic Church and School, in Austin, Texas
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2318:, demanded Louis's submission. In contrast, Mongol emperors Möngke and
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in Clarksville, Maryland, established in 1855 and 1923, respectively.
497:. To implement his new legal framework, he established the offices of
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Louis maintained regular correspondence and envoy exchanges with the
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5414:(in Italian). Borgomanero, Novara, Italy: Giuliano Ladolfi Editore.
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H.323, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo (1678 ?)
2536:
king), when the legitimate male line of Philip III died out in 1589.
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Jackson, Peter (July 1980). "The Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260".
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Blanche (12 July/4 December 1240 – 29 April 1244), died in infancy.
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4261:. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press. pp. 46–49.
1957:("Holy Chapel"), located within the royal palace complex (now the
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to be said in perpetuity for the souls of the men he had hanged.
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in May 1271. Charles and Philip III later dispersed a number of
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Louis IX and the Challenge of the Crusade: A Study in Rulership
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3823:
3730:
H.320, for 1 voice, 2 treble instruments (?) and continuo 1675.
3564:
3271:
3236:
2326:
2323:
2267:
2251:
2239:
2083:
2067:
1481:
969:
897:
862:
791:
636:
612:
584:
534:
400:
184:
3807:
Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 24 Feb. 2013"
2494:(1251 – 6/7 April 1284), Count of Perche and Alençon, married
5265:"Приход св. Людовика в Москве – Приход св. Людовика в Москве"
3617:
3354:
3256:
3241:
3183:
3169:
3075:
2429:
2380:
2365:
2347:
2311:
2228:
2179:
2034:
1988:
1000:
722:
616:
521:
king". Louis was a staunch Christian and rigorously enforced
489:, endeavored to terminate private wars, and incorporated the
459:
323:
200:
4925:"Municipality of San Luis | Provincial Government of Aurora"
4003:
Plaque in the church, Collégiale Notre-Dame, Poissy, France.
3898:
3752:
H.332, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo 1683)
3457:
Saint Louis Catholic High School, in Lake Charles, Louisiana
2415:
Louis's body returning, from a copy of the crusade treatise
2082:), a tradition of protector of the Church going back to the
4536:
4133:
3979:"Saint Louis, King of France, Archdiocese of St. Louis, MO"
3134:
2528:. The French crown devolved upon his male-line descendant,
603:, king of France; his grandfather on his mother's side was
518:
5748:. Translated by Birrell, Jean. Cambridge University Press.
5107:
4770:(in French). Firmin Didot frères, fils et Cie. p. 28.
4338:
3460:
2101:
Louis founded many hospitals and houses: the House of the
728:
Louis's patronage of the arts inspired much innovation in
4476:
4006:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
2484:(8 April 1250 – 3 August 1270), Count of Valois, married
2210:
678:, a Roman Catholic preacher who attempted to convert the
5264:
5058:"Brief History of the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis"
4524:
4049:
4572:
4512:
4104:
4302:
4290:
4068:
3939:
2310:) in Mongolia and spent several years there. In 1259,
6611:
5224:
4092:
4080:
2524:(1256 – 7 February 1317), Count of Clermont, married
1995:
of Christ. He acquired these in 1239–41 from Emperor
5291:"Stock Photo – Rue Saint Louis in Pondicherry India"
4714:"Optional Memorial of Saint Louis of France | USCCB"
4584:
4560:
4360:
The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia
674:
had been suspected of ordering the assassination of
5140:"Saint Louis Roman Catholic Church in Buffalo, USA"
4500:
4270:
4268:
2299:, to the Mongol court. Rubruck visited the Khagan
2170:. This attack caused some disruption in the Muslim
541:. Louis IX holds the distinction of being the sole
411:, which had been ongoing for the past two decades.
5155:"On a Roman Polychoral Performance in August 1665"
3757:In honorem Sancti Ludovici regis Galliae canticum,
2557:. In 1820 they were transferred and reinterred to
2478:John (1246/1247 – 10 March 1248), died in infancy.
2467:(1 May 1245 – 5 October 1285), married firstly to
3295:
2376:17 July 1270, but disease broke out in the camp.
662:In 1229, when Louis was 15, his mother ended the
599:church. His grandfather on his father's side was
553:Much of what is known of Louis's life comes from
6647:
5807:. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
5467:
5087:Cathedral-Basilica of Saint Louis King of France
4494:
4265:
4025:
4023:
4021:
375:(25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), also known as
5757:. Vol. II. Philadelphia. pp. 487–521.
5361:"Equestrian statue of Louis IX in Paris France"
5008:"Versailles Saint-Louis Cathedral: guided tour"
2197:On 8 February 1250, Louis lost his army at the
30:"Louis IX" redirects here. For other uses, see
5708:Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages
5152:
4206:Goyau, Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges (1910).
4050:Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Louis".
3409:, hospital in the 10th arrondissement of Paris
5972:
5473:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
4896:
4839:
4282:. Microsoft Corporation. 2009. Archived from
4258:The teachings of Saint Louis; a critical text
4254:
4018:
3475:, Oceanside, California, founded 12 June 1798
2134:
1932:
5814:Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England
5575:Louis: The French Prince who invaded England
3854:
3582:Court at 27 Madison Avenue in New York City.
3478:San Luis Rey Mission, Chamberino, New Mexico
3429:Saint Louis Roman Catholic Church and School
477:Louis instigated significant reforms in the
5521:The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History
4900:The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names
4843:The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names
4629:. Vol. 7 (15 ed.). 1993. p.
4627:The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia
3469:Saint Louis Catholic Church, in Waco, Texas
3445:, completed in 1914 in St. Louis, Missouri
3438:, completed in 1834 in St. Louis, Missouri
2337:
5979:
5965:
5845:Saint Louis in Medieval History of Navarre
5767:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5744:Richard, Jean (1983). Lloyd, Simon (ed.).
5702:
5545:
5471:; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., eds. (2005).
5225:Artaud de La Ferrière, Alexis (May 2019).
5108:"St. Louis King of France Catholic School"
4554:
4542:
4530:
4482:
4319:
4317:
4123:
4121:
4119:
3873:
3871:
3096:(English: Saint Louis, King of France) by
3087:
2447:(2 March 1241 – 28 January 1271), married
2332:
2246:, the Mongol military leader stationed in
2174:empire, especially as the current sultan,
1939:
1925:
770:, were laid in Paris about the year 1257.
47:
5811:
5033:"History & the Story of St. Louis IX"
4903:. Oxford University Press. p. 1369.
4846:. Oxford University Press. p. 1436.
4518:
3973:
3971:
3764:In honorem Sancti Ludovici regis Galliae,
3750:In honorem Sancti Ludovici regis Galliae,
3589:is an equestrian statue of the saint, by
3292:honor him with a feast day on 25 August.
2506:Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile
2021:of Saint Louis (end of the 13th century)
509:, and he held immense respect throughout
407:and championed the Capetian cause in the
5805:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
5775:
5409:
5112:St. Louis King of France Catholic School
4955:Batangas History, Culture & Folklore
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4356:
4276:"Crusades: Crusades of the 13th century"
4074:
3877:
3330:Multiple locations in the United States
3066:
2410:
2341:
2143:
2013:
790:Louis, by the grace of God, king of the
777:
713:
430:, only to be decisively defeated at the
360:
5812:Westerhof, Danielle (16 October 2008).
5802:
5752:
5743:
5686:The Routledge Companion to the Crusades
5662:
5581:
5153:Bassani Grampp, Florian (August 2008).
5037:Basilica of Saint Louis, King of France
4657:. Sisters of Charity of St. Louis. 2017
4612:, (Oxford University Press, 2004), 326.
4344:
4314:
4308:
4296:
4134:EWTN Global Catholic Television Network
4116:
4098:
4086:
4045:
4043:
4041:
3962:
3868:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
2291:Louis sent another representative, the
2288:, rejected the diplomatic proposition.
2033:In 1230, the King forbade all forms of
635:. His mother, Blanche, ruled France as
622:
529:, and he also launched actions against
14:
6681:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
6648:
5986:
5724:
5645:
5618:
5572:
4601:
4599:
4578:
4566:
4228:
4154:
4110:
4012:
3968:
3558:United States House of Representatives
3526:St. Louis Church, Dahisar West, Mumbai
2939:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2697:
2587:
2583:
2542:(1260 – 19/20 December 1327), married
2211:Four years in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1713:Brazilian Patrianovist Imperial Action
5960:
5518:
5489:
5438:
4951:"San Luis, Batangas: Historical Data"
4826:
4763:
4590:
4433:
4394:
4205:
3878:Bobineau, Olivier (8 December 2011).
3436:Basilica of St. Louis, King of France
3015:
3005:
3001:
2989:
2983:
2973:
2957:
2947:
2943:
2927:
2921:
2911:
2895:
2885:
2881:
2869:
2863:
2853:
2837:
2827:
2823:
2799:
2789:
2773:
2763:
2759:
2747:
2741:
2731:
2715:
2705:
2701:
2685:
2679:
2669:
2653:
2643:
2639:
2627:
2621:
2611:
2595:
2591:
2504:(early 1253 – 17 June 1320), married
2058:in France. He set the punishment for
2054:Louis also expanded the scope of the
387:. Following the death of his father,
6600:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
5746:Saint Louis: Crusader King of France
5683:
5492:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
5387:"US Supreme Court Courtroom Friezes"
5231:The Journal of North African Studies
4506:
4038:
3788:
3535:
3414:Cathédrale Saint-Louis de Versailles
470:during the Eighth Crusade. His son,
5288:
5198:
5062:The Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis
4976:"Histoire de l'hôpital Saint-Louis"
4596:
3563:Saint Louis is also portrayed on a
3340:San Luis Rey, Oceanside, California
3281:He is honoured as co-patron of the
2176:Al-Malik as-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub
2148:Louis IX was taken prisoner at the
2112:St. Louis installed a house of the
784:lvdovicvs di gra(tia) francorvm rex
583:Louis was born on 25 April 1214 at
399:, effectively ruled the kingdom as
24:
6746:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
5669:. University of Notre Dame Press.
5201:"Catholic Cathedral 'Saint Louis'"
3936:, ed. H.-F. Delaborde, Paris, 1899
3573:Supreme Court of the United States
3461:St. Louis the King Catholic Church
3450:St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans
2514:(early 1255 – July 1271), married
2139:
1979:, was erected as a shrine for the
896:
25:
6757:
6701:Christians of the Seventh Crusade
6696:People of the Albigensian Crusade
5943:8 November 1226 – 25 August 1270
5832:
4680:. Sisters of St Louis. p. 8.
3803:"Goyau, Georges. 'St. Louis IX.'
3580:New York State Appellate Division
615:of Blanche's choosing taught him
6741:Children of Louis VIII of France
6706:Christians of the Eighth Crusade
6633:
6621:
5619:Jordan, William Chester (1979).
5412:L'Estetica Dantesca del Dualismo
4743:. Church Publishing, Inc. 2019.
3777:List of royal saints and martyrs
3762:Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Motet
3755:Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Motet
2776:Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
1906:
704:
525:. He enacted harsh laws against
138:Blanche, Queen Dowager of France
84:8 November 1226 – 25 August 1270
53:Contemporary depiction from the
27:King of France from 1226 to 1270
6721:Pre-Reformation Anglican saints
5546:Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia (2008).
5431:
5403:
5379:
5353:
5328:
5282:
5257:
5218:
5192:
5146:
5132:
5126:"History – St. Louis RC Church"
5118:
5100:
5075:
5050:
5025:
5000:
4968:
4943:
4917:
4890:
4860:
4800:
4774:
4757:
4731:
4706:
4684:
4669:
4647:
4615:
4427:
4388:
4350:
4248:
4222:
4199:
4174:
4155:Guerry, Emily (18 April 2019).
4148:
4129:"St. Louis IX of France | EWTN"
3909:"The Pope Who Saved the Talmud"
3652:. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1904
3482:St. Louis Roman Catholic Church
3473:Mission San Luis Rey de Francia
3443:Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis
3264:Sisters of Charity of St. Louis
2573:Ancestors of Louis IX of France
2432:to promote Louis's veneration.
2305:
2275:
241:
5623:. Princeton University Press.
4678:St. Louis Handbook for Schools
4034:. Microsoft Corporation. 2008.
3997:
3927:
3848:
3646:"Falaise of the Blessed Voice"
3593:, that stands in front of the
3296:Things named after Saint Louis
2486:Yolande II, Countess of Nevers
2152:, during the Seventh Crusade (
2105:for reformed prostitutes; the
773:
685:On 27 May 1234, Louis married
458:that controlled North Africa,
395:at the age of 12. His mother,
13:
1:
6716:13th-century Christian saints
5803:Tyerman, Christopher (2006).
5706:; Aves, Alison, eds. (1998).
5584:The English Historical Review
5243:10.1080/13629387.2019.1611428
3782:
3628:
3347:Multiple locations in France
3196:, and the other parts of the
2266:priest, as a delegate to the
1893:Common good constitutionalism
666:by signing an agreement with
578:
284:John Tristan, Count of Valois
258:
156:Matthew, Abbot of Saint-Denis
58:
6686:French Roman Catholic saints
6671:13th-century kings of France
5877:Butler's Lives of the Saints
5596:10.1093/ehr/XCV.CCCLXXVI.481
5550:. Cornell University Press.
5410:Lombardi, Giancarlo (2022).
4897:Everett-Heath, John (2018).
4840:Everett-Heath, John (2018).
4740:Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
4495:Cross & Livingstone 2005
4186:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
3397:
3367:Multiple locations in Canada
3216:Third Order of Saint Francis
2357:Grandes Chroniques de France
2123:Louis authored and sent the
1967:in the centre of Paris. The
1757:Popular Representation Party
1718:Brazilian Integralist Action
811:Enguerrand IV, Lord of Coucy
595:, and was baptized there in
428:Angevin continental holdings
299:Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
7:
6726:Roman Catholic royal saints
5873:"St. Lewis, King of France"
5776:Sumption, Jonathan (1978).
5475:. Oxford University Press.
4694:. Sisters of St Louis. 2015
4610:Oxford Dictionary of Saints
3770:
3336:, named by French colonists
2718:Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
2564:
2544:Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
2461:in Paris on 20 August 1255.
2435:
2127:, or teachings, to his son
1723:Brazilian Integralist Front
872:
849:. In 1259 Louis signed the
294:Blanche, Infanta of Castile
144:Alphonse, Count of Poitiers
10:
6762:
5710:. Vol. 2. Routledge.
5573:Hanley, Catherine (2016).
4455:10.1163/146481705793646883
3831:"Louis IX, king of France"
3805:The Catholic Encyclopedia.
3614:King Louis XVIII of France
3361:Saint-Louis, New Caledonia
3283:Third Order of St. Francis
3227:Archdiocese of New Orleans
2933:
2817:
2691:
2585:
2219:, focusing his efforts in
2159:
2135:Personal reign (1235–1266)
2090:, who had been crowned by
2080:la fille aînée de l'Église
1121:Traditionalist Catholicism
987:Doctrine of the two swords
782:Seal of Louis IX, legend:
548:
531:France's Jewish population
422:. Concurrently, England's
334:Louis VIII, King of France
309:Agnes, Duchess of Burgundy
279:Philip III, King of France
269:Isabella, Queen of Navarre
162:Simon II, Lord of Clermont
29:
6598:
6579:
6553:
6515:
6489:
6443:
6418:
6339:
6250:
6146:
6022:
5992:
5945:
5936:
5928:
5923:
5896:
5755:A History of the Crusades
5663:Le Goff, Jacques (2009).
5519:Dupuy, Trevor N. (1993).
5441:French Historical Studies
4868:"Ile Saint Louis – Paris"
4764:Mazas, Alexandre (1860).
4397:"The Mongols in the West"
4255:O'Connell, David (1972).
3661:The Children of the Grail
3491:national church of France
3353:, an island in the river
3309:
3305:(1693–1790 and 1814–1830)
3262:Named in his honour, the
3203:
3158:
3148:
3127:
3113:
3104:
3086:
3073:
3003:
2995:
2967:
2945:
2941:
2905:
2883:
2875:
2847:
2825:
2821:
2783:
2761:
2753:
2725:
2703:
2699:
2663:
2641:
2633:
2605:
2589:
2396:Louis's younger brother,
2023:Basilica of Saint Dominic
1971:, a prime example of the
1752:Palmarian Catholic Church
587:, near Paris, the son of
349:
339:
329:
317:
304:Robert, Count of Clermont
289:Peter I, Count of Alençon
251:
223:
207:
194:
178:
174:
150:Charles I, Count of Anjou
118:
108:
98:
88:
80:
66:
46:
41:
32:Louis IX (disambiguation)
5577:. Yale University Press.
4401:Journal of Asian History
4365:Rutgers University Press
4363:. Durham, New Carolina:
3913:The 5 Towns Jewish Times
3744:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
3733:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
3724:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
3711:
3644:Davis, William Stearns,
3639:Jacques-François Ancelot
3620:at the beginning of the
3602:Baron Charles de Steuben
3463:, in Marquette, Michigan
3288:The Catholic Church and
3094:San Luis, Rey de Francia
2471:in 1262 and secondly to
2418:Directorium ad passagium
2338:Eighth Crusade and death
2295:missionary and explorer
1658:Pascendi Dominici Gregis
1612:El liberalismo es pecado
1598:De regno, ad regem Cypri
1089:Political traditionalism
940:Catholic social teaching
861:, Normandy (Normandie),
597:La Collégiale Notre-Dame
491:presumption of innocence
365:Painting of Louis IX by
198:25 August 1270 (aged 56)
6736:Patron saints of France
6711:Medieval child monarchs
6013:List of French monarchs
5778:The Albigensian Crusade
5725:Shadis, Miriam (2010).
5340:stlouischurchdahisar.in
5012:www.ParisCityVision.com
4812:City of San Luis Potosí
4786:Encyclopædia Britannica
4357:Grousset, René (1970).
4182:"Burning of the Talmud"
4052:My First Book of Saints
3835:Encyclopedia Britannica
3587:Apotheosis of St. Louis
2866:Alfonso VIII of Castile
2516:John I, Duke of Brabant
2333:Later reign (1267–1270)
1728:Catholic and Royal Army
1623:Famuli vestrae pietatis
752:illuminated manuscripts
709:
668:Raymond VII of Toulouse
6519:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
6008:List of Frankish kings
6003:Simplified family tree
5887:26 August 2014 at the
5729:. Palgrave Macmillan.
4483:Magill & Aves 1998
4434:Aigle, Denise (2005).
3728:Motet for Saint Louis,
3595:Saint Louis Art Museum
2449:Theobald II of Navarre
2421:
2361:
2157:
2030:
1983:and a fragment of the
1680:O que é o Integralismo
1095:Res publica Christiana
901:
797:
725:
672:Raymond VI of Toulouse
651:(1227–85) was created
645:
426:sought to reclaim the
369:
140:(1226–1234, 1248–1252)
6731:Deaths from dysentery
5704:Magill, Frank Northen
4557:, pp. 28–30, 76.
4395:Sinor, Denis (1999).
4229:Greer Fein, Susanna.
4215:Catholic Encyclopedia
3677:The Inquisitor's Tale
3600:A heroic portrait by
3591:Charles Henry Niehaus
3505:Cathedral of St Louis
3498:Cathedral of St Louis
3232:Diocese of Port-Louis
3067:Veneration as a saint
2840:Sancho III of Castile
2459:Berengaria of Castile
2414:
2402:Cathedral of Monreale
2345:
2147:
2017:
1959:Paris Hall of Justice
1878:Person Dignity Theory
1101:Sun and Moon allegory
1007:Divine right of kings
900:
809:Shortly before 1256,
781:
717:
641:
432:Battle of Taillebourg
364:
5998:Detailed family tree
5684:Lock, Peter (2013).
5504:10.1162/JINH_a_00050
5205:www.visitplovdiv.com
4209:"St. Louis IX"
3500:in Plovdiv, Bulgaria
3371:Saint-Louis, Senegal
3303:Order of Saint Louis
3266:is a Roman Catholic
3018:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2682:Louis VIII of France
2559:Saint-Denis Basilica
2526:Beatrice of Burgundy
2314:, the leader of the
2217:Kingdom of Jerusalem
2096:Rex Christianissimus
2039:Disputation of Paris
1673:Mes idées politiques
1116:Traditional monarchy
1069:National syndicalism
1064:National Catholicism
1044:Integral nationalism
1017:Ecclesiastical court
855:Henry III of England
695:Henry III of England
693:, who later married
687:Margaret of Provence
655:, thus founding the
647:His younger brother
631:, officiated by the
623:Minority (1226–1234)
571:, and his chaplain,
569:Geoffrey of Beaulieu
539:Disputation of Paris
495:criminal proceedings
230:Margaret of Provence
213:Basilica of St Denis
6434:Henry VI of England
5898:Louis IX of France
5780:. Faber and Faber.
5469:Cross, Frank Leslie
4286:on 28 October 2009.
4235:d.lib.rochester.edu
4015:, pp. 234–235.
3612:. An 1821 gift of
3520:Rue Saint Louis of
3407:Hôpital Saint-Louis
3334:St. Louis, Missouri
2960:Henry II of England
2744:Isabelle of Hainaut
2624:Philip II of France
2598:Louis VII of France
2496:Joanne of Châtillon
2398:Charles I of Naples
2260:André de Longjumeau
1977:Gothic architecture
1913:Politics portal
1832:Clerico-nationalism
1023:Error has no rights
835:County of Barcelona
825:In 1258, Louis and
691:Eleanor of Provence
676:Pierre de Castelnau
664:Albigensian Crusade
649:Charles I of Sicily
573:William of Chartres
560:Life of Saint Louis
479:French legal system
409:Albigensian Crusade
6676:People from Poissy
6656:Louis IX of France
6581:House of Bonaparte
6491:House of Bonaparte
6421:House of Lancaster
5987:Monarchs of France
5365:Equestrian statues
5336:"St. Louis Church"
5320:has generic name (
4878:on 8 December 2015
4347:, p. 481-513.
3698:Beast from the Sea
3694:Philip IV the Fair
3512:Church of St Louis
3390:San Luis, Batangas
3376:São Luís, Maranhão
3253:Pope Boniface VIII
3143:Pope Boniface VIII
3122:Anglican Communion
2986:Eleanor of England
2924:Blanche of Castile
2802:Louis IX of France
2656:Adèle of Champagne
2555:abbey of Royaumont
2469:Isabella of Aragon
2422:
2362:
2297:William of Rubruck
2199:Battle of Fariskur
2158:
2150:Battle of Fariskur
2031:
2011:to clear the debt.
1209:Barbey d'Aurevilly
1039:Integral Education
960:Counter-revolution
902:
798:
761:primus inter pares
726:
633:bishop of Soissons
593:Blanche of Castile
565:Pope Boniface VIII
523:Catholic orthodoxy
416:Hugh X of Lusignan
397:Blanche of Castile
370:
344:Blanche of Castile
217:Monreale Cathedral
18:St. Louis the King
6609:
6608:
6570:Louis Philippe II
6493:(1804–1814; 1815)
5955:
5954:
5946:Succeeded by
5823:978-1-843-83416-8
5816:. Boydell Press.
5787:978-0-571-20002-3
5736:978-0-312-23473-7
5695:978-1-135-13137-1
5676:978-0-268-03381-1
5630:978-0-691-05285-4
5557:978-0-801-47625-9
5530:978-0-062-70056-8
5523:. HarperCollins.
5171:10.1093/em/can095
4988:on 25 August 2021
4910:978-0-19-256243-2
4872:francemonthly.com
4853:978-0-19-256243-2
4750:978-1-64065-235-4
4581:, pp. 25–26.
4545:, pp. 28–29.
4113:, pp. 17–19.
3985:on 26 August 2014
3650:"The White Queen"
3536:Notable portraits
3514:in Moscow, Russia
3319:San Luis Province
3301:The French royal
3250:
3249:
3114:Venerated in
3098:Francisco Pacheco
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
2898:Blanca of Navarre
2370:Edward Longshanks
2350:. Illuminated by
2114:Trinitarian Order
1949:
1948:
1883:Orthodox Peronism
1826:Sodalitium Pianum
831:Treaty of Corbeil
827:James I of Aragon
721:with Louis IX at
555:Jean de Joinville
474:, succeeded him.
359:
358:
354:Roman Catholicism
55:Bible of St Louis
16:(Redirected from
6753:
6638:
6637:
6636:
6626:
6625:
6624:
6617:
6564:Louis Philippe I
6555:House of Orléans
6517:House of Bourbon
6445:House of Bourbon
5981:
5974:
5967:
5958:
5957:
5929:Preceded by
5919:
5912:
5894:
5893:
5827:
5808:
5799:
5772:
5766:
5758:
5749:
5740:
5721:
5699:
5680:
5659:
5642:
5615:
5590:(376): 481–513.
5578:
5569:
5542:
5515:
5486:
5464:
5426:
5425:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5391:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5289:Limited, Alamy.
5286:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5199:Plovdiv, Visit.
5196:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4987:
4981:. Archived from
4980:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4927:. Archived from
4921:
4915:
4914:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4874:. Archived from
4864:
4858:
4857:
4837:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4619:
4613:
4603:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4440:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4321:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4161:The Conversation
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4125:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4047:
4036:
4035:
4027:
4016:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3981:. Archived from
3975:
3966:
3960:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3799:
3702:Joachim of Fiore
3385:San Luis, Aurora
3381:The Philippines
3290:Episcopal Church
3091:
3071:
3070:
2579:
2578:
2570:
2569:
2473:Maria of Brabant
2322:'s brother, the
2309:
2308: 1251–1259
2307:
2279:
2278: 1246–1248
2277:
2184:Nile River Delta
1941:
1934:
1927:
1911:
1910:
1837:Clerical fascism
1746:Milícia Catalana
1700:Action Française
1034:Gelasian Diarchy
965:Decentralization
935:Authoritarianism
877:
876:
796:
785:
719:Pope Innocent IV
657:Capetian Angevin
545:king of France.
487:trials by ordeal
456:Muslim dynasties
393:crowned in Reims
385:Direct Capetians
262:
245:
243:
94:29 November 1226
60:
51:
39:
38:
21:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6634:
6632:
6622:
6620:
6612:
6610:
6605:
6594:
6575:
6549:
6511:
6485:
6439:
6414:
6341:House of Valois
6335:
6246:
6207:Charles the Fat
6166:Pepin the Short
6151:
6142:
6018:
6017:
5988:
5985:
5951:
5942:
5934:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5899:
5889:Wayback Machine
5835:
5830:
5824:
5788:
5760:
5759:
5737:
5718:
5696:
5677:
5631:
5558:
5531:
5483:
5434:
5429:
5422:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5370:
5368:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5342:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5317:
5316:
5307:
5306:
5299:
5297:
5287:
5283:
5273:
5271:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5223:
5219:
5209:
5207:
5197:
5193:
5183:
5181:
5151:
5147:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5091:
5089:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5041:
5039:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5016:
5014:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4934:
4932:
4931:on 24 June 2022
4923:
4922:
4918:
4911:
4895:
4891:
4881:
4879:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4838:
4827:
4817:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4762:
4758:
4751:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4720:
4718:bible.usccb.org
4712:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4604:
4597:
4589:
4585:
4577:
4573:
4565:
4561:
4555:Gaposchkin 2008
4553:
4549:
4543:Gaposchkin 2008
4541:
4537:
4531:Gaposchkin 2008
4529:
4525:
4517:
4513:
4505:
4501:
4497:, p. 1004.
4493:
4489:
4481:
4477:
4467:
4465:
4438:
4432:
4428:
4393:
4389:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4355:
4351:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4227:
4223:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4165:
4163:
4153:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4127:
4126:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4097:
4093:
4085:
4081:
4073:
4069:
4062:
4048:
4039:
4029:
4028:
4019:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3986:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3965:, p. xxiv.
3961:
3940:
3934:Vie de St Louis
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3907:
3906:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3876:
3869:
3856:Bouquet, Martin
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3789:
3785:
3773:
3714:
3687:Divina Commedia
3682:Dante Alighieri
3631:
3597:in Forest Park.
3538:
3400:
3351:Île Saint-Louis
3325:San Luis Potosí
3312:
3298:
3268:religious order
3246:
3222:French Monarchy
3179:globus cruciger
3166:Crown of Thorns
3120:
3118:Catholic Church
3106:
3105:King of France
3100:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3064:
2567:
2438:
2340:
2335:
2304:
2274:
2233:Ayyubid dynasty
2213:
2204:livres tournois
2164:
2162:Seventh Crusade
2142:
2140:Seventh Crusade
2137:
1981:Crown of Thorns
1969:Sainte Chapelle
1954:Sainte-Chapelle
1945:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1740:Integrist Party
1707:Acción Española
1694:
1686:
1685:
1666:El Siglo Futuro
1618:Papal documents
1605:Treatise on Law
1591:The City of God
1580:
1572:
1571:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1166:Israeli/Zionist
1139:
1131:
1130:
1106:Social Kingship
950:Confessionalism
920:Anti-liberalism
910:
875:
851:Treaty of Paris
787:
786:
783:
776:
739:Sainte-Chapelle
712:
707:
629:Reims Cathedral
625:
581:
551:
507:medieval France
452:Eighth Crusades
313:
259:among others...
256:
255:
247:
244: 1234)
239:
235:
232:
219:
199:
183:
170:
167:
131:
130:
76:
62:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6759:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6691:House of Capet
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6643:
6642:
6630:
6607:
6606:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6586:
6584:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6566:
6560:
6558:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6540:
6533:
6528:
6522:
6520:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6502:
6496:
6494:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6450:
6448:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6429:
6427:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6346:
6344:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6252:House of Capet
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6113:Childebert III
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6029:
6027:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5961:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5944:
5939:King of France
5935:
5930:
5926:
5925:
5924:Regnal titles
5921:
5920:
5918:25 August 1270
5903:House of Capet
5900:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5879:
5870:
5865:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5842:
5834:
5833:External links
5831:
5829:
5828:
5822:
5809:
5800:
5786:
5773:
5750:
5741:
5735:
5722:
5716:
5700:
5694:
5681:
5675:
5660:
5643:
5629:
5616:
5579:
5570:
5556:
5543:
5529:
5516:
5498:(2): 209–225.
5487:
5481:
5465:
5453:10.2307/286323
5447:(4): 803–832.
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5421:978-8866446620
5420:
5402:
5378:
5367:. 6 April 2016
5352:
5327:
5281:
5256:
5237:(3): 415–446.
5217:
5191:
5165:(3): 415–433.
5145:
5131:
5117:
5099:
5074:
5049:
5024:
4999:
4967:
4942:
4916:
4909:
4889:
4859:
4852:
4825:
4799:
4788:. 24 June 2013
4773:
4756:
4749:
4730:
4705:
4683:
4668:
4646:
4640:978-0852295717
4639:
4614:
4595:
4593:, p. 810.
4583:
4571:
4559:
4547:
4535:
4523:
4519:Westerhof 2008
4511:
4509:, p. 183.
4499:
4487:
4485:, p. 606.
4475:
4449:(2): 143–162.
4426:
4387:
4374:978-0813513041
4373:
4349:
4337:
4313:
4311:, p. 796.
4301:
4299:, p. 787.
4289:
4264:
4247:
4221:
4218:. Vol. 9.
4198:
4173:
4147:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4079:
4067:
4060:
4037:
4017:
4005:
3996:
3967:
3938:
3926:
3915:. 15 June 2013
3897:
3867:
3847:
3819:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3742:
3731:
3721:
3718:Arnaud du Prat
3713:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3679:
3670:
3664:
3653:
3642:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3622:Eighth Crusade
3598:
3583:
3576:
3561:
3548:United States
3546:
3545:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3446:
3439:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3379:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3337:
3328:
3322:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3297:
3294:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:French regalia
3162:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3133:11 July 1297,
3131:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3092:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2476:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2386:mos Teutonicus
2379:Louis died at
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2212:
2209:
2188:Shajar al-Durr
2160:Main article:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2005:Constantinople
1964:Île de la Cité
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1888:Third Position
1885:
1880:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1791:Traditionalism
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1703:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1585:Catholic Bible
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:Lamamié (Juan)
1489:
1487:Lamamié (José)
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:Ultramontanism
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1051:
1049:Integral state
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1011:Deposing power
1004:
998:
989:
984:
978:
973:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
915:Anti-communism
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
893:
892:
886:
885:
874:
871:
775:
772:
750:, both deluxe
711:
708:
706:
703:
653:count of Anjou
624:
621:
589:Louis the Lion
580:
577:
550:
547:
537:following the
420:Peter of Dreux
381:King of France
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
331:
327:
326:
321:
315:
314:
312:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
265:
263:
249:
248:
237:
233:
228:
227:
225:
221:
220:
211:
209:
205:
204:
203:, North Africa
196:
192:
191:
180:
176:
175:
172:
171:
169:
168:
166:
165:
159:
153:
147:
141:
134:
126:
125:
124:
122:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
92:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
70:
68:King of France
64:
63:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6758:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6641:
6631:
6629:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6603:
6597:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6442:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6338:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6139:
6138:Childeric III
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6103:Theuderic III
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6068:Childebert II
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5982:
5977:
5975:
5970:
5968:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5950:
5941:
5940:
5933:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5911:25 April 1214
5910:
5905:
5904:
5895:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5825:
5819:
5815:
5810:
5806:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5779:
5774:
5770:
5764:
5756:
5751:
5747:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5717:1-5795-8041-6
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5688:. Routledge.
5687:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5650:. Routledge.
5649:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5622:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5526:
5522:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5484:
5482:0-1928-0290-9
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5406:
5388:
5382:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5323:
5311:
5296:
5292:
5285:
5270:
5266:
5260:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5221:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5149:
5141:
5135:
5127:
5121:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5088:
5084:
5083:"Our History"
5078:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4984:
4977:
4971:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4912:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4893:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4769:
4768:
4760:
4752:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4734:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4693:
4692:"Our history"
4687:
4679:
4672:
4656:
4650:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4600:
4592:
4587:
4580:
4575:
4569:, p. 25.
4568:
4563:
4556:
4551:
4544:
4539:
4533:, p. 28.
4532:
4527:
4521:, p. 79.
4520:
4515:
4508:
4503:
4496:
4491:
4484:
4479:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4353:
4346:
4341:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4310:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4251:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4202:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4112:
4107:
4101:, p. 65.
4100:
4095:
4089:, p. 64.
4088:
4083:
4077:, p. 15.
4076:
4075:Sumption 1978
4071:
4063:
4061:971-91595-4-5
4057:
4053:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4033:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4014:
4009:
4000:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3858:(1840–1904).
3857:
3851:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3808:
3806:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3656:Peter Berling
3654:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3604:hangs in the
3603:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3424:United States
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3077:
3072:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2286:Oghul Qaimish
2283:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:Enseignements
2121:
2119:
2118:Fontainebleau
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2075:Divine Office
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
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1693:Organizations
1690:
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1677:
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1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
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1651:Rerum novarum
1648:
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1644:Immortale Dei
1641:
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1453:
1452:Constantine I
1450:
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1127:
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1099:
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1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:Accidentalism
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
996:Cooperativism
993:
990:
988:
985:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
971:
966:
963:
961:
958:
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906:
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888:
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883:
879:
878:
870:
868:
865:, Maine, and
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
816:
812:
807:
804:
794:
793:
780:
771:
769:
764:
762:
755:
753:
749:
748:Arsenal Bible
745:
741:
740:
735:
731:
724:
720:
716:
705:Louis as king
702:
698:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:
556:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:royal justice
481:, creating a
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
464:the Holy Land
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
368:
363:
355:
352:
348:
345:
342:
338:
335:
332:
328:
325:
322:
320:
316:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
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277:
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270:
267:
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264:
261:
260:
254:
250:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
193:
190:
186:
182:25 April 1214
181:
177:
173:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
133:
132:
129:
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117:
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111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
69:
65:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6601:
6590:Napoleon III
6568:
6542:
6535:
6504:
6478:
6432:
6424:
6419:
6380:Charles VIII
6300:
6148:Carolingians
6133:Theuderic IV
6123:Chilperic II
6118:Dagobert III
6098:Childeric II
6093:Chlothar III
6038:Childebert I
6024:Merovingians
5937:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5876:
5813:
5804:
5777:
5754:
5745:
5726:
5707:
5685:
5664:
5647:
5620:
5587:
5583:
5574:
5547:
5520:
5495:
5491:
5472:
5444:
5440:
5432:Bibliography
5411:
5405:
5393:. Retrieved
5381:
5369:. Retrieved
5364:
5355:
5343:. Retrieved
5339:
5330:
5298:. Retrieved
5294:
5284:
5272:. Retrieved
5269:ru.eglise.ru
5268:
5259:
5234:
5230:
5220:
5208:. Retrieved
5204:
5194:
5182:. Retrieved
5162:
5158:
5148:
5134:
5120:
5111:
5102:
5090:. Retrieved
5086:
5077:
5065:. Retrieved
5061:
5052:
5040:. Retrieved
5036:
5027:
5015:. Retrieved
5011:
5002:
4990:. Retrieved
4983:the original
4970:
4958:. Retrieved
4954:
4945:
4933:. Retrieved
4929:the original
4919:
4899:
4892:
4880:. Retrieved
4876:the original
4871:
4862:
4842:
4816:. Retrieved
4814:(in Spanish)
4811:
4802:
4790:. Retrieved
4785:
4776:
4766:
4759:
4739:
4733:
4721:. Retrieved
4717:
4708:
4696:. Retrieved
4686:
4677:
4671:
4659:. Retrieved
4655:"Who We Are"
4649:
4626:
4617:
4609:
4605:
4586:
4574:
4562:
4550:
4538:
4526:
4514:
4502:
4490:
4478:
4466:. Retrieved
4446:
4442:
4429:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4380:29 September
4378:. Retrieved
4359:
4352:
4345:Jackson 1980
4340:
4330:29 September
4328:. Retrieved
4309:Tyerman 2006
4304:
4297:Tyerman 2006
4292:
4284:the original
4279:
4257:
4250:
4238:. Retrieved
4234:
4224:
4213:
4201:
4189:. Retrieved
4185:
4176:
4164:. Retrieved
4160:
4150:
4138:. Retrieved
4132:
4106:
4099:Richard 1983
4094:
4087:Richard 1983
4082:
4070:
4051:
4031:
4030:"Louis IX".
4008:
3999:
3989:29 September
3987:. Retrieved
3983:the original
3963:Richard 1983
3933:
3929:
3919:29 September
3917:. Retrieved
3912:
3888:. Retrieved
3883:
3864:(in French).
3860:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:
3812:29 September
3810:. Retrieved
3804:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3685:
3676:
3673:Adam Gidwitz
3659:
3649:
3645:
3634:
3547:
3539:
3321:in Argentina
3313:
3287:
3280:
3261:
3251:
3189:fleur-de-lis
3187:
3177:
3139:Papal States
3093:
2801:
2549:
2482:John Tristan
2423:
2416:
2395:
2384:
2378:
2372:, landed at
2363:
2355:
2352:Jean Fouquet
2316:Golden Horde
2290:
2237:
2214:
2202:
2196:
2182:through the
2165:
2154:Gustave Doré
2124:
2122:
2111:
2107:Quinze-Vingt
2100:
2095:
2092:Pope Leo III
2079:
2072:
2053:
2032:
2001:Latin Empire
1968:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1870:
1865:Nacionalismo
1863:
1840:
1824:
1819:Neocatólicos
1817:
1800:
1768:
1761:
1744:
1732:
1705:
1698:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1501:
1093:
1079:Panhispanism
992:Distributism
976:Municipalism
968:
930:Anti-Zionism
925:Anti-Masonry
824:
808:
799:
789:
758:
756:
744:Morgan Bible
737:
734:architecture
727:
699:
684:
661:
646:
642:
626:
605:Alfonso VIII
596:
582:
558:
552:
515:
476:
454:against the
413:
376:
372:
371:
367:Emile Signol
257:
127:
36:
6666:1270 deaths
6661:1214 births
6583:(1852–1870)
6557:(1830–1848)
6526:Louis XVIII
6506:Napoleon II
6447:(1589–1792)
6425:(1422–1453)
6370:Charles VII
6343:(1328–1589)
6217:Charles III
6202:Carloman II
6178:(Charles I)
6176:Charlemagne
6128:Chlothar IV
6083:Sigebert II
6073:Chlothar II
6058:Chilperic I
6048:Charibert I
5666:Saint Louis
5395:19 February
5345:22 December
5318:|last=
5184:23 December
5159:Early Music
5092:23 December
5067:23 December
5042:23 December
4698:26 February
4661:26 February
4579:Jordan 2017
4567:Jordan 2017
4468:26 February
4407:(1): 1–44.
4240:21 December
4140:31 December
4111:Shadis 2010
4013:Hanley 2016
3886:(in French)
3884:Le Monde.fr
3840:25 February
3667:Jules Verne
3554:the chamber
3522:Pondicherry
3270:founded in
2532:(the first
2426:Saint-Denis
2360:(1455–1460)
2103:Filles-Dieu
2088:Charlemagne
2056:Inquisition
2049:Innocent IV
1987:, precious
1842:Estado Novo
1637:Quanta Cura
1426:Politicians
1264:Fontcuberta
1074:Natural law
1029:Familialism
955:Corporatism
945:Common good
890:Integralism
853:, by which
829:signed the
803:Christendom
774:Arbitration
511:Christendom
377:Saint Louis
152:(1252–1254)
146:(1252–1254)
99:Predecessor
6650:Categories
6500:Napoleon I
6480:Louis XVII
6459:Louis XIII
6405:Charles IX
6400:Francis II
6365:Charles VI
6331:Charles IV
6306:Philip III
6296:Louis VIII
6261:Hugh Capet
6254:(987–1328)
6187:Charles II
6171:Carloman I
6153:Robertians
6078:Dagobert I
6063:Sigebert I
6043:Chlothar I
5949:Philip III
5932:Louis VIII
5210:26 October
4808:"Historia"
4782:"San Luis"
4723:10 October
4591:Brown 1990
4443:Inner Asia
3890:27 October
3783:References
3637:, play by
3629:In fiction
3418:Versailles
3160:Attributes
2552:Cistercian
2465:Philip III
2391:Philip III
2293:Franciscan
2271:Güyük Khan
2129:Philip III
2064:mutilation
2044:Gregory IX
1997:Baldwin II
1985:True Cross
1961:), on the
1796:Legitimism
1770:Viva Maria
1763:Sanfedisti
1630:Mirari Vos
1567:de Villèle
1557:dos Santos
1552:Santamaria
1404:Valdivieso
1379:dos Santos
1324:Meinvielle
1279:Gelasius I
1244:Eyzaguirre
1229:Castellani
1111:Solidarity
1084:Patriotism
1054:Monarchism
981:Organicism
909:Principles
839:Roussillon
730:Gothic art
607:, king of
579:Early life
557:'s famous
472:Philip III
389:Louis VIII
113:Philip III
103:Louis VIII
90:Coronation
6640:Biography
6537:Louis XIX
6531:Charles X
6474:Louis XVI
6464:Louis XIV
6410:Henry III
6390:Francis I
6385:Louis XII
6360:Charles V
6350:Philip VI
6311:Philip IV
6291:Philip II
6286:Louis VII
6266:Robert II
6197:Louis III
6159:(751–987)
6108:Clovis IV
6088:Clovis II
6026:(509–751)
5763:cite book
5656:33569507M
5604:0013-8266
5566:16365443M
5512:144928195
5371:27 August
5251:164493102
4992:25 August
4792:26 August
4507:Lock 2013
4463:161266055
4413:0021-910X
3696:, as the
3610:Baltimore
3569:Courtroom
3398:Buildings
3378:in Brazil
3327:in Mexico
3278:in 1842.
3205:Patronage
3154:25 August
3129:Canonized
3108:Confessor
2264:Dominican
2244:Eljigidei
2060:blasphemy
2019:Reliquary
1975:style of
1973:Rayonnant
1872:El Yunque
1853:Francoism
1848:Falangism
1813:Miguelism
1802:Federales
1734:Cristeros
1462:Fernández
1457:Estévanez
1447:Clavarana
1394:Taparelli
1224:de Bonald
1199:Augustine
1144:Brazilian
847:Languedoc
659:dynasty.
601:Philip II
543:canonized
527:blasphemy
468:dysentery
436:Aquitaine
424:Henry III
391:, he was
109:Successor
6469:Louis XV
6454:Henry IV
6395:Henry II
6375:Louis XI
6326:Philip V
6301:Louis IX
6281:Louis VI
6276:Philip I
6232:Louis IV
6222:Robert I
6192:Louis II
6157:Bosonids
6033:Clovis I
5885:Archived
5796:7857399M
5639:4433805M
5539:1715499M
5310:cite web
5300:23 March
5274:23 March
5179:27655211
4818:22 April
4606:Louis IX
4421:41933117
3771:See also
3635:Louis IX
3624:in 1270.
2565:Ancestry
2530:Henry IV
2512:Margaret
2475:in 1274.
2445:Isabella
2436:Children
2374:Carthage
2320:Khubilai
2282:Mongolia
2225:Caesarea
2168:Damietta
2029:, Italy
1785:See also
1542:Rocamora
1522:Olazábal
1502:Louis IX
1414:Veuillot
1409:Vermeule
1384:Sardinha
1294:González
1239:Delassus
1188:Thinkers
1171:Lusitano
1156:Catholic
1138:Variants
1001:Guildism
882:a series
880:Part of
873:Religion
867:Touraine
843:Provence
768:Sorbonne
746:and the
503:bailiffs
499:provosts
444:Provence
373:Louis IX
350:Religion
128:See list
42:Louis IX
6614:Portals
6602:italics
6544:Henry V
6355:John II
6316:Louis X
6271:Henry I
6242:Louis V
6237:Lothair
6227:Rudolph
6182:Louis I
6053:Guntram
4960:5 March
4935:26 June
4882:2 April
4623:"Louis"
4280:Encarta
4191:29 June
4032:Encarta
3571:at the
3556:of the
3540:France
3403:France
3357:, Paris
3237:barbers
3174:sceptre
2534:Bourbon
2502:Blanche
2406:Palermo
2268:Khangan
2256:Baghdad
2248:Armenia
2192:Mamluks
2172:Ayyubid
2027:Bologna
1999:of the
1993:Passion
1991:of the
1858:Tacuara
1808:Carlism
1562:Senante
1547:Sánchez
1537:Quiroga
1517:Nocedal
1507:Maurras
1497:Larraín
1442:Barroso
1437:Ahimeir
1432:Abascal
1399:Urquiza
1374:Salvany
1369:Salgado
1354:le Play
1344:Pius IX
1319:Maurras
1309:Madiran
1249:Ezcurra
1194:Aquinas
1176:Spanish
680:Cathars
609:Castile
549:Sources
448:Seventh
405:vassals
246:
238:
234:
120:Regents
73:more...
6628:Saints
6321:John I
5914:
5820:
5794:
5784:
5733:
5714:
5692:
5673:
5654:
5637:
5627:
5612:568054
5610:
5602:
5564:
5554:
5537:
5527:
5510:
5479:
5461:286323
5459:
5418:
5249:
5177:
5017:8 June
4907:
4850:
4747:
4637:
4461:
4419:
4411:
4371:
4166:1 July
4058:
3748:Motet
3737:Motet
3641:, 1819
3565:frieze
3517:India
3310:Places
3276:Juilly
3272:Vannes
3242:grooms
3212:France
3194:mantle
2522:Robert
2430:relics
2327:Hulegu
2324:Ilkhan
2301:Möngke
2252:Persia
2240:Mongol
2227:, and
2084:Franks
2068:Cathar
2009:livres
1989:relics
1527:du Pin
1512:Moreno
1482:Josias
1467:García
1389:Solana
1359:Raposo
1349:Pius X
1329:Ousset
1314:Maeztu
1299:Groulx
1234:Cuesta
1214:Billot
1204:Balmes
1161:French
970:Fueros
863:Poitou
820:masses
815:Louvre
792:Franks
637:regent
613:Tutors
585:Poissy
535:Talmud
462:, and
442:, and
401:regent
379:, was
340:Mother
330:Father
224:Spouse
208:Burial
189:France
185:Poissy
164:(1270)
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5916:Died:
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