557:
43:
206:
976:
754:
773:
1716:
584:
542:
572:
1597:
1740:
1728:
1642:, white pulp is always relatively plentiful, and in birds and some mammals the spleen is typically rounded, but it adjusts its shape somewhat to the arrangement of the surrounding organs. In most vertebrates, the spleen continues to produce red blood cells throughout life; only in mammals this function is lost in middle-aged adults. Many mammals have tiny spleen-like structures known as
361:, and has a smooth, convex surface that faces the diaphragm. It is underneath the ninth, tenth, and eleventh ribs. The other side of the spleen is divided by a ridge into two regions: an anterior gastric portion, and a posterior renal portion. The gastric surface is directed forward, upward, and toward the middle, is broad and concave, and is in contact with the posterior wall of the
600:
1219:. Encapsulated bacteria inhibit binding of complement or prevent complement assembled on the capsule from interacting with macrophage receptors. Phagocytosis needs natural antibodies, which are immunoglobulins that facilitate phagocytosis either directly or by complement deposition on the capsule. They are produced by
530:
An easy way to remember the anatomy of the spleen is the 1×3×5×7×9×10×11 rule. The spleen is 1 by 3 by 5 inches (3 by 8 by 13 cm), weighs approximately 7 oz (200 g), and lies between the 9th and 11th ribs on the left-hand side and along the axis of the 10th rib. The weight varies
776:
The spleen contains two different tissues, white pulp (A) and red pulp (B). The white pulp functions in producing and growing immune and blood cells. The red pulp functions in filtering blood of antigens, microorganisms, and defective or worn-out red blood
369:. The renal surface is directed medialward and downward. It is somewhat flattened, considerably narrower than the gastric surface, and is in relation with the upper part of the anterior surface of the left kidney and occasionally with the left
1377:
There has been a long and varied history of misconceptions regarding the physiological role of the spleen, and it has often been seen as a reservoir for juices closely linked to digestion. In various cultures, the organ has been linked to
2214:
Chow, Kai Uwe; Luxembourg, Beate; Seifried, Erhard; Bonig, Halvard (2016). "Spleen Size Is
Significantly Influenced by Body Height and Sex: Establishment of Normal Values for Spleen Size at US with a Cohort of 1200 Healthy Individuals".
949:
and other formed elements. The spleen of horses stores roughly 30 percent of the red blood cells and can release them when needed. In humans, up to a cup (240 ml) of red blood cells is held within the spleen and released in cases of
1289:
is a congenital disease manifested by multiple small accessory spleens, rather than a single, full-sized, normal spleen. Polysplenia sometimes occurs alone, but it is often accompanied by other developmental abnormalities such as
1646:
throughout the body that are presumed to have the same function as the spleen. The spleens of aquatic mammals differ in some ways from those of fully land-dwelling mammals; in general they are bluish in colour. In
1957:
Swirski, FK; Nahrendorf, M; Etzrodt, M; Wildgruber, M; Cortez-Retamozo, V; Panizzi, P; Figueiredo, JL; Kohler, RH; Chudnovskiy, A; Waterman, P; Aikawa, E; Mempel, TR; Libby, P; Weissleder, R; Pittet, MJ (2009).
2948:
3150:(2002). "Polysemy and synomyny and how these concepts were understood from the eighteenth century onwards in treatises, and applied dictionaries of English". In Coleman J, McDermott A (ed.).
3280:
The
English Malady; or, A Treatise of Nervous Diseases of All Kinds, as Spleen, Vapours, Lowness of Spirits, Hypochondriacal and Hysterical Distempers with the Author's Own Case at Large
3152:
Historical dictionaries and historical
Dictionary Research: Papers from the international conference on historical lexicography and lexicology, at the University of Leicester, 2002
1715:
1098:
Splenomegaly can result from antigenic stimulation (e.g., infection), obstruction of blood flow (e.g., portal vein obstruction), underlying functional abnormality (e.g.,
583:
1110:). The most common cause of acute splenomegaly in children is viral infection, which is transient and usually moderate. Basic work-up for acute splenomegaly includes a
1905:"A study on the correlation between spleen volume estimated via cavalieri principle on computed tomography images with basic hemogram and biochemical blood parameters"
1390:, in which the spleen was believed to be a reservoir for an elusive fluid known as "black bile" (one of the four humours). The spleen also plays an important role in
2900:"Hepatic splenosis mimicking HCC in a patient with hepatitis C liver cirrhosis and mildly raised alpha feto protein; the important role of explorative laparoscopy"
3025:
181:
2778:
Kruetzmann, S; Rosado, MM; Weber, H; Germing, U; Tournilhac, O; Peter, HH; Berner, R; Peters, A; Boehm, T; Plebani, A; Quinti, I; Carsetti, R (Apr 7, 2003).
556:
1681:). Even in these animals, there is a diffuse layer of haematopoeitic tissue within the gut wall, which has a similar structure to red pulp and is presumed
2354:"The collateral arterial network of the spleen following ligation of the splenic artery in traumatic rupture of the spleen; an arteriographic study"
571:
3052:
2558:"Rapid neutrophil mobilization by VCAM-1+ endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles | Cardiovascular Research | Oxford Academic"
3557:
157:
2633:
Lodin-Sundström, Angelica; Schagatay, Erika (June 2010). "Spleen contraction during 20 min normobaric hypoxia and 2 min apnea in humans".
2097:
693:
3434:
Old JM, Selwood L, Deane EM (2004). "A developmental investigation of the liver, bone marrow and spleen of the stripe-faced dunnart (
3797:
1346:, sometimes radiating to the left shoulder. Fever and chills develop in some cases. It has to be differentiated from other causes of
3338:
3316:
1756:
1269:. Accessory spleens are found in approximately 10 percent of the population and are typically around 1 centimeter in diameter.
3373:
3287:
3159:
2882:
2416:
2143:
1491:
The spleen, as a byword for melancholy, has also been considered an actual disease. In the early 18th century, the physician
2604:
2953:
1216:
1511:, drawing on her first-hand experiences of an affliction which, at the time, also had a reputation of being a fashionably
2557:
3467:"The appearance and distribution of mature T and B cells in the developing immune tissues of the stripe-faced dunnart (
2827:
Dennis
Robinette, C.; Fraumeni, Josephf. (1977). "Splenectomy and Subsequent Mortality in Veterans of the 1939–45 War".
1500:
3194:
1792:
4045:
541:
3574:
3099:
Riva MA, Ferraina F, Paleari A, Lenti MV, Di
Sabatino A (2019). "From sadness to stiffness: the spleen's progress".
2512:
Vellguth, Swantje; Brita von
Gaudecker; Hans-Konrad Müller-Hermelink (1985). "The development of the human spleen".
1199:. Hyposplenia refers to a partially functioning spleen. These conditions may cause a modest increase in circulating
4113:
3631:
3023:
Nores, M1; Phillips, EH; Morgenstern, L; Hiatt, JR (February 1998). "The
Clinical Spectrum of Splenic Infarction".
2780:"Human immunoglobulin M memory B cells controlling Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are generated in the spleen"
2134:
Loscalzo, Joseph; Fauci, Anthony S.; Braunwald, Eugene; Dennis L. Kasper; Hauser, Stephen L; Longo, Dan L. (2008).
3604:
1245:
veterans whose spleens were removed on the battlefield showed a significant increase in the usual death rate from
3918:
3700:
2579:
930:
in the adult, the spleen has important hematopoietic functions up until the 5th month of gestation. After birth,
870:
631:. In addition to the splenic artery, collateral blood supply is provided by the adjacent short gastric arteries.
2668:
1241:(removal of the spleen) results in a greatly diminished frequency of memory B cells. A 28-year follow-up of 740
4053:
1554:, "splénétique" refers to a state of pensive sadness or melancholy. This usage was popularised by the poems of
3790:
1343:
934:
functions cease, except in some hematologic disorders. As a major lymphoid organ and a central player in the
176:
3563:
2735:
Carsetti, R; Rosado, MM; Wardmann, H (February 2004). "Peripheral development of B cells in mouse and man".
3983:
1391:
713:
327:
264:
1080:. Marked splenomegaly may result in the spleen occupying a large portion of the left side of the abdomen.
3512:"The detection of mature T and B-cells during development of the lymphoid tissues of the tammar wallaby (
2432:
1721:
Transverse section of the spleen, showing the trabecular tissue and the splenic vein and its tributaries
1319:
is a condition in which blood flow supply to the spleen is compromised, leading to partial or complete
1142:
935:
639:
1615:, the spleen consists primarily of red pulp and is normally somewhat elongated, as it lies inside the
42:
4123:
4108:
4088:
3864:
3282:, Dublin, 1733. Facsimile ed., ed. Eric T. Carlson, M.D., 1976, Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints,
3275:
1516:
589:
Side of thorax, showing surface markings for bones, lungs (purple), pleura (blue), and spleen (green)
563:
548:
394:
938:, the spleen retains the ability to produce lymphocytes and, as such, remains a hematopoietic organ.
4011:
3783:
2692:
Di
Sabatino, A; Carsetti, R; Corazza, GR (Jul 2, 2011). "Post-splenectomy and hyposplenic states".
2580:"Horse science: What makes a Derby winner – Spleen acts as a 'natural blood doper,' scientist says"
2514:
1739:
1057:
1049:
535:), correlating mainly to height, body weight and degree of acute congestion but not to sex or age.
140:
2455:"The Spleen: A Hub Connecting Nervous and Immune Systems in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases"
2133:
4118:
3850:
3832:
3815:
1544:
1127:
1065:
817:
20:
2996:
Jaroch MT, Broughan TA, Hermann RE (October 1986). "The natural history of splenic infarction".
255:. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of
4103:
1765:
1383:
1291:
1250:
1061:
1017:
962:
in case of an emergency and also clears old platelets from the circulation. Up to a quarter of
689:
647:
612:
377:
234:
188:
164:
152:
27:
3560:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "The visceral surface of the spleen."
3046:
1585:
1211:, and an increased susceptibility to infection. In particular, there is an increased risk of
1095:
in any child over the age of 3–4 years should be considered abnormal until proven otherwise.
315:
260:
3241:
Rogers KM (1989). "Finch's "Candid
Account" vs. Eighteenth–Century Theories of the Spleen".
2408:
2401:
2309:
Sprogøe-Jakobsen, Susan; Sprogøe-Jakobsen, Ulrik (1997). "The weight of the normal spleen".
3889:
3659:
3624:
3595:
2074:
2031:
1971:
1600:
1580:. It is not widely eaten as a principal ingredient, but cow spleen sandwiches are eaten in
1467:
1111:
1107:
1041:
1033:
3586:
1960:"Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites"
330:
and is analogous to a large lymph node, as its absence causes a predisposition to certain
310:
which remove antibody-coated bacteria and antibody-coated blood cells by way of blood and
8:
3933:
3721:
1450:
1280:
1266:
1196:
1045:
390:
256:
3065:
2035:
1975:
772:
3754:
3540:
3511:
3495:
3466:
3419:
3390:
3258:
3223:
3124:
2926:
2899:
2852:
2804:
2779:
2760:
2717:
2539:
2511:
2489:
2454:
2381:
2291:
2196:
2052:
2019:
1992:
1959:
1929:
1904:
1882:
1771:
1682:
1608:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1547:
and hypochondriac tendencies that were thought to be characteristic of English people.
1316:
1311:
1118:
and atypical lymphocyte counts to exclude hemolytic anemia and leukemia. Assessment of
1005:
860:
358:
338:
3569:
3211:
3082:
2840:
2705:
2453:
Lori, Andrea; Perrotta, Marialuisa; Lembo, Giuseppe; Carnevale, Daniela (2017-06-07).
2322:
205:
3968:
3901:
3677:
3531:
3486:
3410:
3369:
3298:
3283:
3250:
3215:
3155:
3128:
3116:
3034:
3005:
2973:
2931:
2898:
Abu Hilal M; Harb A; Zeidan B; Steadman B; Primrose JN; Pearce NW (January 5, 2009).
2878:
2844:
2809:
2752:
2709:
2650:
2531:
2494:
2476:
2412:
2373:
2334:
2326:
2283:
2275:
2240:
2232:
2188:
2180:
2139:
2116:
2057:
1997:
1934:
1874:
1831:
1804:
1520:
1492:
1458:
1435:
1163:
1159:
1087:
in the body. It is normally palpable in preterm infants, in 30% of normal, full-term
1029:
1025:
955:
701:
314:
circulation. These monocytes, upon moving to injured tissue (such as the heart after
3227:
2856:
2764:
2748:
2721:
2543:
2385:
2295:
2200:
1631:, it has the more rounded form and there is often a greater quantity of white pulp.
4093:
4058:
4001:
3978:
3938:
3807:
3726:
3535:
3527:
3490:
3482:
3447:
3414:
3406:
3207:
3108:
2921:
2911:
2836:
2799:
2791:
2744:
2701:
2642:
2523:
2484:
2466:
2365:
2318:
2267:
2224:
2172:
2106:
2047:
2039:
1987:
1979:
1924:
1916:
1886:
1866:
1524:
1262:
1220:
1200:
1188:
1099:
889:
Other functions of the spleen are less prominent, especially in the healthy adult:
729:
643:
624:
67:
2352:
Keramidas, D. C.; Kelekis, D.; Dolatzas, T.; Aivazoglou, T.; Voyatzis, N. (1984).
2258:
Molina, D. Kimberley; DiMaio, Vincent J.M. (2012). "Normal Organ Weights in Men".
1495:
considered it to be one of the two most prevalent diseases in England (along with
753:
4098:
4063:
4023:
3963:
3958:
3923:
3775:
3749:
3705:
3617:
2271:
1612:
1551:
1536:
1528:
1295:
1276:
1167:
1084:
1077:
828:
813:
717:
654:
608:
532:
218:
145:
3580:
1692:
so that, upon injury, they can migrate to the injured tissue and transform into
577:
Back of lumbar region, showing surface markings for kidneys, ureters, and spleen
513:
The spleen, in healthy adult humans, is approximately 7 to 14 centimetres (3 to
3764:
3759:
3112:
2967:
2870:
1823:
1693:
1678:
1403:
1359:
1339:
1327:
1154:
1091:, and in 5% to 10% of infants and toddlers. A spleen easily palpable below the
942:
931:
919:
801:
761:
678:
674:
616:
319:
248:
104:
80:
3451:
2612:
2228:
2160:
4082:
4033:
3906:
3884:
3682:
3654:
3254:
2480:
2330:
2279:
2236:
2184:
2111:
2092:
1701:
1422:
1347:
1231:
1223:
1092:
1037:
927:
834:
824:
370:
252:
169:
128:
63:
2043:
1983:
1808:
1596:
975:
3973:
3744:
3219:
3147:
3120:
2977:
2935:
2813:
2756:
2713:
2654:
2646:
2498:
2369:
2353:
2287:
2244:
2161:"Der Bandapparat der Milz und seine Bedeutung bei chirurgischen Eingriffen"
2120:
2061:
2001:
1938:
1878:
1835:
1674:
1643:
1496:
1399:
1335:
1299:
1242:
1115:
1001:
995:
765:
733:
721:
620:
92:
58:
3038:
3009:
2916:
2597:
2535:
2377:
2338:
2192:
1768: – Transfer of spleen or its fragments from one individual to another
1727:
1462:
692:
processes coordinating the spleen's function seem to be embedded into the
380:, splenorenal ligament, colicosplenic ligament, and phrenocolic ligament.
326:
while promoting tissue healing. The spleen is a center of activity of the
4028:
3824:
3736:
3590:
2795:
2471:
1659:, they can be massive, due to their function of storing red blood cells.
1512:
1379:
1286:
1275:
is a condition where displaced pieces of splenic tissue (often following
1238:
1192:
1133:
Calculators have been developed for measurements of spleen size based on
1009:
983:
979:
963:
951:
923:
682:
346:
3363:
3262:
2848:
1249:(6 rather than the expected 1.3) and an increase in the death rate from
3993:
3913:
3692:
2527:
2176:
1920:
1697:
1331:
1320:
1138:
1073:
946:
912:
853:
844:
757:
725:
323:
311:
303:
280:
268:
226:
222:
2777:
1265:
is a small splenic nodule extra to the spleen usually formed in early
760:
of splenic tissue showing the red pulp (red), white pulp (blue) and a
2583:
1857:
Mebius, RE; Kraal, G (2005). "Structure and function of the spleen".
1624:
1620:
1414:
while possibly suggesting a link with the humoral view of the organ.
1387:
1271:
1246:
959:
901:
697:
658:
331:
307:
288:
272:
2669:"Splenic Index & Volume Calculator (CT/MRI/US)+ Expected Normal"
2302:
2159:
Ostermann, P. A. W.; Schreiber, H. W.; Lierse, W. (September 1987).
1870:
3896:
3669:
2897:
1689:
1656:
1648:
1532:
1411:
1363:
1204:
1184:
1179:
1130:. Other infections should be excluded if these tests are negative.
1103:
1088:
1021:
805:
795:
531:
between 1 oz (28 g) and 8 oz (230 g) (standard
366:
299:
209:
A 3D medical animation still of spleen structure and exact location
3391:"Development of the lymphoid tissues of the stripe-faced dunnart (
2351:
1956:
849:
Active immune response through humoral and cell-mediated pathways.
194:
2691:
1670:
1666:
1652:
1635:
1439:
1395:
1366:
1253:(41 rather than the expected 30), but not from other conditions.
1208:
1134:
1013:
905:
897:
737:
362:
342:
2877:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. p. 187.
2308:
16:
Organ recycling old red blood cells and also housing lymphocytes
4018:
4006:
3950:
3842:
3609:
3243:
Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature
1662:
Marsupials have y-shaped spleens, and it develops postnatally.
1639:
1616:
1581:
1407:
1227:
1212:
1069:
874:
864:
635:
276:
75:
3368:. Philadelphia: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 410–11.
2611:. Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh. 2010-11-17. Archived from
1410:(tractate Berachoth 61b) refers to the spleen as the organ of
1170:, which is a situation requiring immediate medical attention.
712:
The spleen is unique in respect to its development within the
3022:
2734:
1803:(New (9th) ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 1628.
1577:
1576:
The spleen is one of the many organs that may be included in
1471:, he uses the spleen to describe Cassius's irritable nature:
1425:
1123:
628:
292:
230:
116:
99:
1603:
view of a horse's spleen (the purple and grey mottled organ)
2213:
1628:
1053:
599:
284:
87:
2452:
1903:
Sahin, NE; Oner, Z; Oner, S; Turan, MK (10 January 2022).
1584:
cuisine. Chicken spleen is one of the main ingredients of
893:
Spleen produces all types of blood cells during fetal life
345:. The surgical process to remove the spleen is known as a
1504:
1406:(its Yang counterpart is the stomach). In contrast, the
1119:
3098:
2826:
2632:
2158:
3605:
Normal range of spleen size for a given age in children
2260:
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
1822:
Kapila, Vaishali; Wehrle, Chase J.; Tuma, Faiz (2022),
728:. Specifically, the spleen forms within, and from, the
337:
In humans, the spleen is purple in color and is in the
2959:
1330:
or one of its branches are occluded, for example by a
279:
portion of hemoglobin is degraded to its constitutive
2995:
1795:. In Jones, Henry Stuart; McKenzie, Roderick (eds.).
1191:, or caused by traumatic injury, surgical resection (
732:. However, it still shares the same blood supply—the
607:
Near the middle of the spleen is a long fissure, the
2091:
Brender, Erin (2005-11-23). Richard M. Glass (ed.).
1761:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1323:(tissue death due to oxygen shortage) in the organ.
3364:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
365:. Below this it is in contact with the tail of the
247:The spleen plays very important roles in regard to
3805:
3193:
2400:
2207:
1902:
1774: – Surgical removal of fluid from the spleen
1482:Though it do split you; for, from this day forth,
1187:refers to a non-functioning spleen, which may be
376:There are four ligaments attached to the spleen:
4080:
3339:"Dining Out / Mixed Jerusalem grill in Tel Aviv"
3154:. Germany: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 170–171.
2966:Chapman, J; Bhimji, SS (2018), "article-29380",
2251:
1898:
1896:
1821:
1655:they tend to be quite small, but in deep diving
1503:(later, Countess of Winchilsea) had published a
1484:I'll use you for my mirth, yea, for my laughter,
1126:) is indicated to confirm Epstein–Barr virus or
3464:
3433:
3388:
2972:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2571:
1519:treated this malady as the male equivalent of "
3142:
3140:
3138:
1830:, Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing,
1665:The only vertebrates lacking a spleen are the
1302:. These accessory spleens are non-functional.
1283:in the abdominal cavity as accessory spleens.
357:The spleen is underneath the left part of the
3791:
3625:
2965:
2407:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.
1893:
1791:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940).
1122:antibodies to viral capsid antigen (a rising
650:and the splenic artery supply it with blood.
3187:
3185:
3183:
3146:
2605:"Spleen: Information, Surgery and Functions"
2257:
2084:
2020:"Immunology: Dispensable but not irrelevant"
1790:
1515:disease of the English. Both Blackmore and
1434:), where it was the idiomatic equivalent of
3135:
3094:
3092:
3051:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2989:
2635:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
2459:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2398:
2098:Journal of the American Medical Association
1856:
1688:In mice, the spleen stores half the body's
1476:Must I observe you? must I stand and crouch
611:, which is the point of attachment for the
3798:
3784:
3632:
3618:
3234:
2435:. Medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
2136:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
2105:(20). Illustrated by Allison Burke: 2660.
1480:You shall digest the venom of your spleen,
41:
3539:
3494:
3418:
3317:"Spleen Sandwiches: An Italian Tradition"
3240:
3180:
2925:
2915:
2803:
2488:
2470:
2110:
2051:
1991:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1928:
966:are stored in the spleen at any one time.
3509:
3440:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
3089:
2017:
1852:
1850:
1595:
1083:The spleen is the largest collection of
974:
970:
771:
752:
598:
204:
3596:"Finally, the Spleen Gets Some Respect"
2863:
2090:
2075:"Finally, the Spleen Gets Some Respect"
1685:with the spleen of higher vertebrates.
1114:with differential, platelet count, and
1072:. Primary tumors of the spleen include
623:. There are other openings present for
233:filter. The word spleen comes from
4081:
1945:
1757:Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies
1372:
1000:Enlargement of the spleen is known as
3779:
3613:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3336:
3191:
2869:
2577:
2013:
2011:
1847:
1564:, but it was also present in earlier
3566:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
3465:Old JM, Selwood L, Deane EM (2004).
3389:Old JM, Selwood L, Deane EM (2002).
2784:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
1811:– via Perseus Digital Library.
1784:
1707:
1478:Under your testy humour? By the gods
1298:, or cardiac abnormalities, such as
1217:polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria
724:derived, the spleen is derived from
3314:
3059:
1326:Splenic infarction occurs when the
1256:
694:hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis
615:and the point of insertion for the
13:
3352:
2904:World Journal of Surgical Oncology
2008:
1344:left upper quadrant of the abdomen
989:
225:. Similar in structure to a large
14:
4135:
3551:
3303:Treatise of the spleen and vapors
2165:Langenbeck's Archiv für Chirurgie
1745:Laparoscopic view of human spleen
1535:". In the late 18th century, the
1353:
1148:
677:, which connects a branch of the
3639:
3532:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00207.x
3487:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00310.x
3411:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00310.x
1738:
1726:
1714:
1591:
1566:19th-century Romantic literature
1338:, the typical symptom is severe
1207:, a diminished response to some
915:following myocardial infarction.
673:The spleen is innervated by the
582:
570:
555:
540:
3919:Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
3701:Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
3503:
3458:
3427:
3382:
3330:
3308:
3292:
3269:
3168:
3101:Internal and Emergency Medicine
3075:
3016:
2942:
2891:
2820:
2771:
2749:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0109.x
2728:
2685:
2661:
2626:
2550:
2505:
2446:
2425:
2392:
2358:Zeitschrift für Kinderchirurgie
2345:
2152:
1558:(1821–1867) and his collection
1394:, where it is considered to be
1386:and the associated doctrine of
871:periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
820:"), which are filled with blood
668:
594:
383:
3575:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
3177:by William Shakespeare Act 4:1
2311:Forensic Science International
2127:
2068:
1815:
1358:The spleen may be affected by
764:(mostly pink – top of image).
707:
603:Visceral surface of the spleen
302:-producing lymphocytes in its
1:
3212:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08479-9
3072:. Accessed on: June 21, 2008.
2841:10.1016/S0140-6736(77)90132-5
2706:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61493-6
2399:Blackbourne, Lorne H (2008).
2323:10.1016/S0379-0738(97)00103-5
1778:
1523:", while preferring the more
1442:, in his satires, associated
1362:, in which it is coated with
1305:
1056:, glandular fever (including
3337:Rogov, Daniel (2007-03-22).
2954:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
2578:Carey, Bjorn (May 5, 2006).
2272:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31823d29ad
1392:traditional Chinese medicine
1106:or storage disease, such as
982:enlarged spleen taken after
863:" (or "follicles"), rich in
852:Composed of nodules, called
642:. The spleen is part of the
638:, the spleen possesses only
562:Maximum length of spleen on
352:
328:mononuclear phagocyte system
265:mononuclear phagocyte system
47:Position of the human spleen
7:
2875:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
1750:
1173:
743:
10:
4140:
3581:"The Spleen (for Parents)"
3113:10.1007/s11739-019-02115-2
2582:. NBC News. Archived from
2018:Jia, T; Pamer, EG (2009).
1909:Anatomy & Cell Biology
1859:Nature Reviews. Immunology
1446:with immoderate laughter.
1426:
1382:, due to the influence of
1309:
1177:
1152:
1102:), or infiltration (e.g.,
993:
936:reticuloendothelial system
762:thickened inflamed capsule
640:efferent lymphatic vessels
291:, which is removed in the
287:portion is metabolized to
25:
18:
4044:
3992:
3984:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
3949:
3872:
3863:
3841:
3823:
3814:
3735:
3714:
3691:
3668:
3647:
3510:Old JM, Deane EM (2003).
3452:10.1016/j.dci.2003.08.004
3315:Rao, Tejal (2010-05-03).
3070:Online Medical Dictionary
2229:10.1148/radiol.2015150887
1453:frequently used the word
856:. These are composed of:
837:" bordering on white pulp
800:Mechanical filtration of
564:abdominal ultrasonography
549:abdominal ultrasonography
404:
401:
395:abdominal ultrasonography
229:, it acts primarily as a
187:
175:
163:
151:
139:
127:
115:
110:
98:
86:
74:
57:
52:
40:
35:
4012:High endothelial venules
3558:Anatomy figure: 38:03-01
2515:Cell and Tissue Research
2112:10.1001/jama.294.20.2660
1334:. Although it can occur
1060:or 'Mono' caused by the
1050:hereditary spherocytosis
884:
716:. While most of the gut
397:by height of the person
4114:Lymphatics of the torso
3833:Hematopoietic stem cell
2433:"Penicilliary radicles"
2138:. McGraw-Hill Medical.
2044:10.1126/science.1178329
1984:10.1126/science.1175202
1797:A Greek-English Lexicon
1571:
1195:) or a disease such as
926:is the primary site of
748:
251:(erythrocytes) and the
21:Spleen (disambiguation)
2647:10.3357/ASEM.2682.2010
2370:10.1055/s-2008-1044169
1766:Spleen transplantation
1604:
1489:
1486:When you are waspish.
1384:ancient Greek medicine
1292:intestinal malrotation
1251:ischemic heart disease
1164:road traffic collision
1018:bacterial endocarditis
1004:. It may be caused by
986:
804:. In mice: Reserve of
778:
769:
648:short gastric arteries
613:gastrosplenic ligament
604:
378:gastrosplenic ligament
210:
189:Anatomical terminology
28:anatomical terminology
3583:, from KidsHealth.org
3083:"Sugar-coated spleen"
2917:10.1186/1477-7819-7-1
2737:Immunological Reviews
2093:"Spleen Patient Page"
1673:(the early-branching
1599:
1586:Jerusalem mixed grill
1473:
1168:rupture of the spleen
978:
971:Clinical significance
854:Malpighian corpuscles
775:
756:
663:penicilliary radicles
602:
527: in) in length.
316:myocardial infarction
275:red blood cells. The
208:
3851:Hassall's corpuscles
3520:Cells Tissues Organs
3469:Sminthopsis macroura
3436:Sminthopsis macroura
3399:Cells Tissues Organs
3393:Sminthopsis macroura
3026:The American Surgeon
2796:10.1084/jem.20022020
2472:10.3390/ijms18061216
1824:"Physiology, Spleen"
1759: – rare disease
1112:complete blood count
393:of spleen length by
221:found in almost all
19:For other uses, see
3934:Trabecular arteries
3722:Trabecular arteries
3366:The Vertebrate Body
2077:By Natalie Angier,
2036:2009Sci...325..549J
1976:2009Sci...325..612S
1451:William Shakespeare
1438:in modern English.
1373:Society and culture
1197:sickle cell anaemia
1064:and infection from
398:
391:confidence interval
339:left upper quadrant
263:. As a part of the
3755:Splenic infarction
3600:The New York Times
3564:Anatomy image:7881
3475:Journal of Anatomy
3299:Blackmore, Richard
2560:. Academic.oup.com
2528:10.1007/BF00225424
2177:10.1007/BF01259432
2079:The New York Times
1921:10.5115/acb.21.177
1772:Splenic aspiration
1605:
1561:Le Spleen de Paris
1556:Charles Baudelaire
1465:and merriment. In
1398:that displays the
1317:Splenic infarction
1312:Splenic infarction
1062:Epstein–Barr virus
1006:sickle cell anemia
987:
873:" (PALS), rich in
861:lymphoid follicles
779:
770:
726:mesenchymal tissue
605:
507:10.2–14.4 cm
388:
298:The spleen houses
211:
26:This article uses
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
3902:Cords of Billroth
3859:
3858:
3773:
3772:
3678:Cords of Billroth
3587:"Spleen Diseases"
3375:978-0-03-910284-5
3288:978-0-8201-1281-7
3161:978-3-11-091260-9
2884:978-0-683-06133-8
2586:on April 15, 2015
2418:978-0-7817-7076-7
2145:978-0-07-146633-2
1708:Additional images
1493:Richard Blackmore
1404:the Earth element
1201:white blood cells
1108:Gaucher's disease
1042:Hodgkin's disease
1034:Gaucher's disease
1030:pernicious anemia
1026:polycythemia vera
882:
881:
702:subfornical organ
700:, especially the
625:lymphatic vessels
511:
510:
497:9.7–14.3 cm
487:9.3–13.6 cm
477:9.3–13.4 cm
467:8.6–13.4 cm
456:8.6–13.1 cm
445:8.5–12.5 cm
434:8.9–11.3 cm
267:, it metabolizes
257:hemorrhagic shock
203:
202:
198:
4131:
4124:Organs (anatomy)
4109:Lymphatic system
4089:Spleen (anatomy)
4002:Lymphatic vessel
3979:Tonsillar crypts
3939:Trabecular veins
3870:
3869:
3865:Secondary organs
3821:
3820:
3808:lymphatic system
3800:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3727:Trabecular veins
3634:
3627:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3514:Macropus eugenii
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3361:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3312:
3306:
3296:
3290:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3197:
3192:Bynum B (2002).
3189:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3144:
3133:
3132:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3073:
3066:"Hyaloserositis"
3063:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3042:
3020:
3014:
3013:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2969:Splenic Infarcts
2963:
2957:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2919:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2835:(8029): 127–29.
2824:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2492:
2474:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2406:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2088:
2082:
2081:, August 3, 2009
2072:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2030:(5940): 549–50.
2015:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1970:(5940): 612–16.
1954:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1788:
1762:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1429:
1428:
1417:Etymologically,
1336:asymptomatically
1279:or splenectomy)
1263:accessory spleen
1257:Accessory spleen
1100:hemolytic anemia
1078:hemangiosarcomas
958:. It can store
829:reticular fibers
781:
780:
730:dorsal mesentery
657:are supplied by
655:germinal centers
644:lymphatic system
586:
574:
559:
544:
526:
525:
521:
518:
464:8.1–12.3 cm
453:8.3–13.0 cm
442:7.5–11.9 cm
431:7.4–12.2 cm
399:
387:
195:edit on Wikidata
192:
68:lymphatic system
45:
33:
32:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4068:
4064:Germinal center
4040:
4024:Germinal center
3988:
3945:
3924:Germinal center
3855:
3837:
3810:
3804:
3774:
3769:
3750:Splenic abscess
3731:
3710:
3706:Germinal center
3687:
3664:
3643:
3638:
3554:
3549:
3508:
3504:
3463:
3459:
3432:
3428:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3342:
3335:
3331:
3322:
3320:
3313:
3309:
3297:
3293:
3274:
3270:
3239:
3235:
3190:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3145:
3136:
3097:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3064:
3060:
3044:
3043:
3021:
3017:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2980:
2964:
2960:
2947:
2943:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2871:Moore, Keith L.
2868:
2864:
2825:
2821:
2776:
2772:
2733:
2729:
2700:(9785): 86–97.
2690:
2686:
2677:
2675:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2589:
2587:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2510:
2506:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2403:Surgical recall
2397:
2393:
2350:
2346:
2307:
2303:
2256:
2252:
2212:
2208:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2132:
2128:
2089:
2085:
2073:
2069:
2016:
2009:
1955:
1946:
1901:
1894:
1871:10.1038/nri1669
1855:
1848:
1840:
1838:
1820:
1816:
1799:. Vol. 2:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1722:
1719:
1710:
1694:dendritic cells
1613:ray-finned fish
1594:
1574:
1543:came to denote
1529:hypochondriasis
1488:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1421:comes from the
1375:
1356:
1314:
1308:
1296:biliary atresia
1259:
1234:of the spleen.
1182:
1176:
1157:
1151:
1128:cytomegalovirus
1085:lymphoid tissue
1066:cytomegalovirus
1046:Banti's disease
998:
992:
990:Enlarged spleen
973:
943:red blood cells
920:red blood cells
887:
802:red blood cells
751:
746:
710:
690:central nervous
688:The underlying
671:
597:
590:
587:
578:
575:
566:
560:
551:
547:Spleen seen on
545:
533:reference range
523:
519:
516:
514:
502:195–199 cm
492:190–194 cm
482:185–189 cm
472:180–184 cm
461:175–179 cm
450:170–174 cm
439:165–169 cm
428:160–164 cm
418:155–159 cm
386:
355:
320:dendritic cells
249:red blood cells
199:
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4137:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4119:Lymphoid organ
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3930:Blood vessels
3928:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3878:
3876:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3816:Primary organs
3812:
3811:
3806:Organs of the
3803:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3765:Splenic injury
3762:
3760:Spleen rupture
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3578:
3567:
3561:
3553:
3552:External links
3550:
3548:
3547:
3526:(1): 123–131.
3502:
3457:
3446:(4): 347–355.
3426:
3405:(4): 192–201.
3381:
3374:
3351:
3329:
3319:. The Atlantic
3307:
3305:. London, 1725
3291:
3276:Cheyne, George
3268:
3233:
3206:(9317): 1624.
3179:
3167:
3160:
3134:
3107:(5): 739–743.
3088:
3074:
3058:
3015:
2988:
2958:
2941:
2890:
2883:
2862:
2819:
2770:
2727:
2684:
2660:
2625:
2596:
2570:
2549:
2504:
2445:
2424:
2417:
2391:
2344:
2317:(3): 215–223.
2301:
2266:(4): 368–372.
2250:
2206:
2171:(3): 207–216.
2151:
2144:
2126:
2083:
2067:
2007:
1944:
1892:
1846:
1814:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1679:jawless fishes
1619:lining of the
1593:
1590:
1573:
1570:
1474:
1374:
1371:
1360:hyaloserositis
1355:
1354:Hyaloserositis
1352:
1328:splenic artery
1310:Main article:
1307:
1304:
1281:autotransplant
1258:
1255:
1226:(a subtype of
1224:memory B cells
1178:Main article:
1175:
1172:
1155:Splenic injury
1153:Main article:
1150:
1149:Splenic injury
1147:
994:Main article:
991:
988:
972:
969:
968:
967:
939:
932:erythropoietic
916:
909:
896:Production of
894:
886:
883:
880:
879:
878:
877:
867:
850:
847:
841:
840:
839:
838:
831:
821:
808:
798:
792:
791:
788:
785:
750:
747:
745:
742:
709:
706:
679:celiac ganglia
675:splenic plexus
670:
667:
617:splenic artery
596:
593:
592:
591:
588:
581:
579:
576:
569:
567:
561:
554:
552:
546:
539:
509:
508:
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503:
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498:
495:
493:
489:
488:
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483:
479:
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457:
454:
451:
447:
446:
443:
440:
436:
435:
432:
429:
425:
424:
422:
421:6.4–12 cm
419:
415:
414:
411:
407:
406:
405:Spleen length
403:
385:
382:
354:
351:
201:
200:
191:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
167:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
108:
107:
105:Splenic plexus
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
81:Splenic artery
78:
72:
71:
61:
55:
54:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4136:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:Immune system
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4059:Peyer's patch
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4035:
4034:Marginal zone
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3907:Marginal zone
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3683:Marginal zone
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3506:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3340:
3333:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:Julius Caesar
3171:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3084:
3078:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3054:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3033:(2): 182–88.
3032:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3004:(4): 743–50.
3003:
2999:
2992:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2949:"polysplenia"
2945:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2790:(7): 939–45.
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2641:(6): 545–49.
2640:
2636:
2629:
2615:on 2011-09-26
2614:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2559:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:(3): 579–92.
2521:
2517:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2420:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2223:(1): 306–13.
2222:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2167:(in German).
2166:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:(8): 606–16.
1864:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1702:wound healing
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1638:, birds, and
1637:
1632:
1630:
1627:, especially
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:cartilaginous
1602:
1598:
1592:Other animals
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:George Cheyne
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1468:Julius Caesar
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1423:Ancient Greek
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1348:acute abdomen
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1267:embryogenesis
1264:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1232:marginal zone
1229:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1093:costal margin
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:mononucleosis
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:leishmaniasis
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
997:
985:
981:
977:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
937:
933:
929:
928:hematopoiesis
925:
921:
917:
914:
910:
907:
903:
899:
895:
892:
891:
890:
876:
875:T-lymphocytes
872:
868:
866:
865:B-lymphocytes
862:
858:
857:
855:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
836:
835:marginal zone
832:
830:
826:
825:splenic cords
822:
819:
815:
811:
810:
809:
807:
803:
799:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
782:
774:
767:
766:H&E stain
763:
759:
755:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
601:
585:
580:
573:
568:
565:
558:
553:
550:
543:
538:
537:
536:
534:
528:
506:
504:
501:
500:
496:
494:
491:
490:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
474:
471:
470:
466:
463:
460:
459:
455:
452:
449:
448:
444:
441:
438:
437:
433:
430:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
408:
400:
396:
392:
381:
379:
374:
372:
371:adrenal gland
368:
364:
360:
350:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:), turn into
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:removed from
270:
266:
262:
261:recycles iron
258:
254:
253:immune system
250:
245:
243:
239:
236:
235:Ancient Greek
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
207:
196:
190:
186:
183:
180:
178:
174:
171:
168:
166:
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
109:
106:
103:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:Immune system
62:
60:
56:
51:
44:
39:
34:
29:
22:
3873:
3745:Splenomegaly
3641:Human spleen
3640:
3599:
3573:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3505:
3481:(1): 25–33.
3478:
3474:
3468:
3460:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3384:
3365:
3343:. Retrieved
3332:
3321:. Retrieved
3310:
3302:
3294:
3279:
3271:
3249:(1): 17–27.
3246:
3242:
3236:
3203:
3199:
3195:"The spleen"
3174:
3170:
3151:
3148:Stanley Eric
3104:
3100:
3085:. Drugs.com.
3077:
3069:
3061:
3047:cite journal
3030:
3024:
3018:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2981:, retrieved
2968:
2961:
2952:
2944:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2874:
2865:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2676:. Retrieved
2672:
2663:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2617:. Retrieved
2613:the original
2608:
2599:
2588:. Retrieved
2584:the original
2573:
2562:. Retrieved
2552:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2437:. Retrieved
2427:
2402:
2394:
2364:(1): 50–51.
2361:
2357:
2347:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2135:
2129:
2102:
2096:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2027:
2023:
1967:
1963:
1915:(1): 40–47.
1912:
1908:
1862:
1858:
1839:, retrieved
1827:
1817:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1687:
1675:Cyclostomata
1664:
1661:
1644:haemal nodes
1633:
1606:
1601:Laparoscopic
1575:
1559:
1549:
1540:
1508:
1505:Pindaric ode
1499:). In 1701,
1490:
1475:
1466:
1454:
1449:In English,
1448:
1443:
1431:
1418:
1416:
1376:
1357:
1325:
1315:
1300:dextrocardia
1285:
1270:
1260:
1243:World War II
1236:
1183:
1166:, can cause
1162:, such as a
1158:
1132:
1116:reticulocyte
1097:
1082:
1002:splenomegaly
999:
996:Splenomegaly
922:. While the
918:Creation of
888:
790:Composition
734:celiac trunk
722:endodermally
711:
687:
672:
669:Nerve supply
662:
652:
633:
621:splenic vein
606:
595:Blood supply
529:
512:
384:Measurements
375:
356:
336:
297:
246:
241:
238:
214:
212:
158:A13.2.01.001
133:
121:
93:Splenic vein
4029:Mantle zone
3994:Lymph nodes
3825:Bone marrow
3591:MedlinePlus
2673:Rad At Hand
2465:(6): 1216.
1698:macrophages
1521:the vapours
1513:upper-class
1497:consumption
1461:, but also
1457:to signify
1396:a key organ
1380:melancholia
1287:Polysplenia
1239:splenectomy
1193:splenectomy
1074:hemangiomas
1010:sarcoidosis
984:splenectomy
980:Thalassemia
964:lymphocytes
952:hypovolemia
947:lymphocytes
941:Storage of
924:bone marrow
913:neutrophils
911:Release of
708:Development
683:vagus nerve
646:. Both the
347:splenectomy
324:macrophages
281:amino acids
259:, and also
223:vertebrates
122:splen, lien
111:Identifiers
4083:Categories
3969:Pharyngeal
3914:White pulp
3890:Trabeculae
3715:Blood flow
3693:White pulp
3660:Trabeculae
3345:2022-01-03
3323:2022-01-03
2983:2019-02-27
2829:The Lancet
2743:: 179–91.
2678:2024-07-15
2619:2011-04-03
2590:2006-05-09
2564:2022-02-15
2439:2011-04-03
1841:2022-12-04
1828:StatPearls
1779:References
1700:to assist
1683:homologous
1625:amphibians
1623:. In many
1509:The Spleen
1501:Anne Finch
1459:melancholy
1402:aspect of
1332:blood clot
1321:infarction
1306:Infarction
1189:congenital
1145:findings.
845:white pulp
758:Micrograph
696:, and the
659:arterioles
332:infections
312:lymph node
304:white pulp
283:, and the
269:hemoglobin
227:lymph node
3648:Structure
3341:. Haaretz
3255:0027-1276
3129:172137672
2481:1422-0067
2331:0379-0738
2280:0195-7910
2237:0033-8419
2217:Radiology
2185:0023-8236
1690:monocytes
1671:hagfishes
1657:pinnipeds
1649:cetaceans
1621:intestine
1545:eccentric
1436:the heart
1388:humourism
1272:Splenosis
1247:pneumonia
1230:) in the
1205:platelets
960:platelets
902:properdin
818:sinusoids
806:monocytes
698:brainstem
634:Like the
359:diaphragm
353:Structure
308:monocytes
289:bilirubin
273:senescent
3959:Palatine
3897:Red pulp
3670:Red pulp
3570:"spleen"
3263:24780450
3228:33529100
3220:12048004
3121:31152307
2978:28613652
2936:19123935
2910:(1): 1.
2873:(1992).
2857:38605411
2814:12682112
2765:20654498
2757:14962195
2722:30554953
2714:21474172
2655:20540444
2544:19864892
2499:28590409
2386:29302459
2296:32174574
2288:22182984
2245:26509293
2201:35213355
2121:16304080
2062:19644100
2002:19644120
1939:35000931
1879:16056254
1836:30725992
1809:13606128
1751:See also
1667:lampreys
1653:manatees
1636:reptiles
1582:Sicilian
1533:hysteria
1412:laughter
1209:vaccines
1185:Asplenia
1180:Asplenia
1174:Asplenia
1104:leukemia
1089:neonates
1022:leukemia
898:opsonins
796:red pulp
787:Function
744:Function
740:organs.
736:—as the
367:pancreas
300:antibody
4094:Abdomen
4019:B cells
4007:T cells
3964:Lingual
3951:Tonsils
3541:1571143
3496:1571326
3420:1571326
3039:9486895
3010:3764696
2998:Surgery
2927:2630926
2805:2193885
2609:Chp.edu
2536:4075378
2490:5486039
2378:6730702
2339:9291593
2193:3683035
2053:2917045
2032:Bibcode
2024:Science
1993:2803111
1972:Bibcode
1964:Science
1930:8968228
1887:3258595
1801:λ–φώδης
1793:"σπλήν"
1640:mammals
1617:serosal
1531:" and "
1527:terms "
1525:learned
1463:caprice
1440:Persius
1367:hyaline
1364:fibrous
1342:in the
1228:B cells
1070:tumours
1068:), and
1014:malaria
956:hypoxia
906:tuftsin
816:" (or "
814:sinuses
738:foregut
681:to the
661:called
522:⁄
363:stomach
343:abdomen
341:of the
242:(splḗn)
146:D013154
53:Details
4099:Glands
3881:Parts
3874:Spleen
3843:Thymus
3538:
3493:
3417:
3372:
3286:
3261:
3253:
3226:
3218:
3200:Lancet
3158:
3127:
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