827:, from Ocala, wanted a special session of the legislature to revise a 1943 absentee voting law to allow Floridians who were serving in the military outside of the state to register to vote. Sturgis later got the backing of the president pro-tempore of the Senate, Ernest F. Householder. Those wanting to repeal the cigarette tax also joined in with calling for a special session. Holland reacted to this by attempting to reduce enthusiasm towards a special session. In regards to the absentee voting law, Holland thought that it did a good job when it came to the first primary except in instances of those who became 21 prior to leaving the state. However, he thought it was not practical with a second primary as he thought it was very close in time to the first one along with being able to give and receive ballots as well. In terms of the cigarette tax, he thought that it would be safe to not repeal the cigarette tax in the case that if other taxes were to decrease it could serve as a supplement. Holland also cited potential changes in wartime restrictions. Having a special session became a significant issue in the
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758:(ASWPL) who wrote letters to Holland. In response, Holland called for an investigation into the death of Williams and named Maurice Tripp as the special investigator. A spokesperson for him said he "would be able to reach a decision on whether any action by him against Quincy law enforcement authorities was justified. The pressure of legislative business on the governor was heavy, and the inquest transcript is long." to give the impression that he was stalling when in reality he was shifting responsibility of the investigation. Tripp submitted a report to Governor Holland on May 25, 1941, and the case was given to the
707:. Whitehair attacked Holland throughout the second primary and said in a speech that he was a candidate for "'an invisible government' of duPont interests, chain stores, and a fertilizer trust." Holland on the other hand charged that Whitehair was a product of a political machine. Whitehair accused him of the same thing. Holland ended up winning the second primary. When the general election approached, the Republican Party nominated John F. Walter as their candidate for governor to oppose Holland but ended up dropping out though. Holland did end up winning the general election in the end.
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chamber where he bumped into
Holland whispering that President Kennedy had been shot and Holland was the first senator to be informed of it. Reidell repeated his message to Senator Wayne Morse before telling Senator Kennedy of the news. After hearing this he left and went to the lobby where he called the White House and his brother Robert F. Kennedy before going to his office in the Senate Office Building. Holland replaced Kennedy as the presiding officer in the Senate when he left and Holland took up the chair of the Senate Majority Leader, Mike Mansfield.
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address urging people to vote. That year nine amendments were on the ballot, and
Holland backed three of them: an amendment that would streamline the process for amending the state constitution, the gas tax amendment and another that would create a state freshwater fish & game commission. All nine amendments passed that year with almost no opposition
1148:. Holland also liked hunting and fishing as well. Holland was a fan of baseball and football and played tennis. He enjoyed collecting books on Florida history. While teaching in Georgia, he was known to have owned a motorcycle and crashed it many times; once he was flung 60 feet from it and landed scraping much of the skin from his back.
789:. His daughter Mary volunteered as an aircraft spotter, while his daughter Craney his wife Mary sewed squares to be used in quilts sent to U.S. troops. The mansion was opened to visitation by British soldiers who were training in the area. Mary Holland even corresponded with the mothers of the soldiers.
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and while in
Washington, D.C., he spoke with federal authorities and the Floridian congressional delegation to try to get more money for defense road construction which he was successful in getting. Florida saw an influx of military activities in it during the mobilization prior to entering World War
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During the 1942 general elections, Holland participated despite not being up for re-election. Holland participated by travelling throughout the state making public appearances in an attempt to generate interest in the election, trying to get a gas tax amendment passed. Holland made a statewide radio
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First
Lieutenant Spessard L. Holland, C.A.C. Observer 24th, Aero Squadron, distinguished himself by extra-ordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United States at Bois de Banthville, France, on October 15, 1918 and in recognition of his gallant conduct I
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Holland married Mary Agnes
Groover on February 8, 1919, and they were together until his death. Together they had four children: Spessard Lindsey Holland Jr., Mary Grover Holland, William Benjamin Holland and Ivanhoe Elizabeth Holland. As of 2016 their youngest daughter, Ivanhoe Craney, is the only
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starting in
January 1942, in an effort to cause significant damage to American shipping along the Eastern seaboard and the Gulf Coast. U-boat activity on Florida's coasts lasted until April but did have a brief lull period in March. As a result of the U-boat activity, tourism declined in the state,
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Concerns about World War II were dominant with his audience when becoming governor saying he wished for peace but said that preparations should be made in the case of war. His preparations began when he decided to review $ 7 million in State Road
Department contracts made during the tenure of the
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voters, he opposed the poll tax because he viewed it as a form of wealth discrimination that made voting difficult for both poor whites and poor
African-Americans. Publicly, Holland cited two reasons for his opposition to the poll tax. The first being that he thought it would allow politicians to
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On
November 22, 1963, in the absence of Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Senator Edward Kennedy was presiding over a routine session of the Senate. Senators were debating a bill about federal library services, and it was almost time for a lunch break before Richard Reidell came running into the
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prosecutor later that year. He served two years in the prosecutor's office and then left after being elected to a four-year term as a county judge in 1920. Holland was reelected in 1924, but left after the end of his second term in 1929. Holland returned to private law practice later that year,
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Holland announced that he was running to be governor on
December 4, 1939. He considered running for US Senator but decided not to. His campaign platform called for: expanding assistance to the elderly through increasing a tax on horse and dog tracks, making highways safer, continuing a ban on
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missions behind enemy lines. At various times he took part in battles at Meuse-Argonne, Champagne, St. Mihiel, and Lunéville, where he downed two enemy planes. On one mission, Holland's plane crash-landed in a crater; on December 11, 1918, Holland was awarded the
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on September 25, 1946, to serve out the rest of his term which was set to expire the following January. However, he was reelected in 1946 and continued to seek reelection during every opportunity available serving as a senator until he retired in January 1971.
983:(1954), declaring that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, and promised to resist its implementation. Holland was in favor of Alaskan and Hawaiian statehood. Holland was the first southerner to support statehood for Hawaii. He also voted for
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was revived. Holland was neutral on the canal compared to Senators Charles O. Andrews and Claude Pepper who were strongly in support of it. Holland said the reason behind his neutrality was because of the canal itself being incredibly controversial.
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While serving as governor, Holland promoted the establishment of military bases in his state. He also supported the state public school system's financial condition. A variety of financial reforms were also undertaken during his tenure as governor.
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The impact of World War II was felt at a more personal level in Spessard Holland's life as well. One of his sons, Spessard Holland Jr., served as a Marine in the South Pacific. The family planted a victory garden and set up a chicken coop at the
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As he had in the Florida Senate, Holland supported abolishing the poll tax for federal elections during his time in the U.S. Senate, making an attempt to ban it during every session for a dozen years after arriving in Congress. During the
530:. There he taught in the "sub-freshman department" (high school) of the university. He also became the first elected student body president and a member of the debating society. During his time at Emory and UF, he participated in
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where he was wounded. He moved to Bartow in 1882 where he created the first abstract company in Polk County. Holland's father eventually served as a member of the school board, a county commissioner, and as the county treasurer.
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during the 1940s. Holland's first challenge came on May 12, 1941, when a 22-year-old African-American man named A.C. Williams, who was accused of raping a 12-year-old girl and committing a robbery, was abducted from a jail in
733:, the governor could only serve for one four year term and the governorship was described as being weak position. Holland also had to compete with the influence of cabinet members who could be re-elected.
570:, and was already a junior partner with R.B. Huffaker in the Huffaker & Holland law firm, but his plans were interrupted by World War I. Holland volunteered for service and was commissioned as a
1042:. Described as being a Conservative Democrat, he believed in maintaining the filibuster and believed that civil rights were something that was a matter for the states. Speaking in opposition to the
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In 1952, he ran again for re-election winning a significantly larger margin of the vote (99.82%) than in the previous race in 1946 (78.65%). He, along with all other senators from the former
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one that is still alive, and she currently lives in Bartow. Mary Holland died after having a stroke in March 1975. In 1974, the city of Bartow dedicated Mary Holland Park in honor of her.
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for Florida from 1946 to 1971. He was the first person born in Florida to serve as governor and U.S. senator for the state. While serving as a U.S. senator he would notably introduce the
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and lynched. Afterwards, there was pressure on the local government to act as they feared it would result in the federal government responding and pressure was also seen from the
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joining William F. Bevis in the law firm of Holland & Bevis. The firm grew rapidly, eventually becoming a large international law firm that still exists today as
462:, on July 10, 1892. He was the son of Benjamin Franklin and Fannie Virginia Spessard. Spessard was one of three children in his family. Benjamin was a veteran of the
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675:"buy" their way into office through political machines. Secondly, he thought that eliminating the poll tax would increase the amount of voter turnout in elections.
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who supported discrimination against Black voters, but maintained his view that the poll tax should be repealed because it was a form of wealth discrimination.
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in the Senate. During the following 81st Congress he introduced H.R. 3199 which also passed the House on July 26, 1949, in a 273-116 vote but got stuck in the
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When Holland became governor, he attempted to improve Florida's lynching record. Florida, like the rest of the Southern U.S., faced pressure to take action on
929:, who had died a week earlier after being nominated by Governor Caldwell. In November 1946 he defeated Republican J. Harry Schad to win a full six-year term.
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in the Democratic primary. After fending off Pepper's challenge, he easily defeated his Republican opponent, Leland Hyzer, in November to win a third term.
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Stone, Spessard (2002) "An Extraordinary Floridia: A Profile of Spessard Lindsey Holland," Sunland Tribune: Vol. 28, Article 8. Available at:
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or other types of tax. The amendment was approved by the required two-thirds majority of both houses of Congress in August 1962, was quickly
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During his tenure as governor, he was mainly preoccupied with the preparations for World War II and the actual war itself. With the death of
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Then, in November 1969, at the age of 77, Holland announced that he would not seek re-election in 1970. He actively campaigned for Democrat
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that benefited Florida economically, much like other Southern politicians of his time. Holland's views contrasted with those of Senator
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After the war, Holland resumed his law practice in Bartow. However, this was short-lived because Holland accepted an appointment as the
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Holland officially became governor of Florida on January 7, 1941. While serving as governor, his abilities were limited. Under the
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serving under the Confederacy as a member of the Georgia State Line under Company I of the 2nd Regiment. Benjamin's father was the
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During the first Democratic Party primary for governor, he finished in first place. Advancing to the second primary, he faced
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1775:""Weathering the Storm: Florida Politics during the Administration of Spessard L. Holland in World War II (thesis)""
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The Spessard Holland Golf Course, Park, and Community Center, and the Spessard Holland Beaches, North and South, in
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1847:"Weathering the Storm: Florida Politics during the Administration of Spessard L. Holland in World War II (thesis)"
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1684:"Weathering the Storm: Florida Politics during the Administration of Spessard L. Holland in World War II (thesis)"
1646:"Weathering the Storm: Florida Politics during the Administration of Spessard L. Holland in World War II (thesis)"
1620:"Weathering the Storm: Florida Politics during the Administration of Spessard L. Holland in World War II (thesis)"
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Weathering the Storm: Florida Politics during the Administration of Spessard L. Holland in World War II (thesis)
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1106:. His son Spessard Lindsey Holland, Jr. would be a nonregistered member of Phi Delta Phi. He was involved with
937:, he introduced H.R. 29, which passed the House of Representatives in a 290-112 vote on July 21, 1947, but was
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1022:, Holland finally succeeded in his long-standing quest to ban the poll tax federally. Holland introduced a
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1952:"Conservatives in the Everglades: Sun Belt Environmentalism and the Creation of Everglades National Park"
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1665:"Weathering the Storm: Florida Politics during the Administration of Spessard L. Holland in World War II"
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in 1846 and was 17 when he joined the Georgia State Line in January 1864. He participated in the
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His mother moved to Bartow in 1889 and was originally a teacher at the Summerlin Institute (now
423:(July 10, 1892 – November 6, 1971) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as the 28th
1899:"Conceptualising Southern Liberalism: Ideology and the Pepper-Smathers 1950 Primary in Florida"
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in July 1942, which reviewed it. The identities of those who killed Williams were never found.
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He attended public schools, graduating from the Summerlin Institute in 1909. Holland graduated
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Evans, Jon (2011). "CHAPTER TWO: THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION REPORT AND THE 1941 LEGISLATURE".
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The People's Constitution: 200 Years, 27 Amendments, and the Promise of a More Perfect Union
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During 1943 there were calls for a special session of the state legislature. State senator
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Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights, 1938–1965
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in the Coast Artillery Corps, where he was transferred to France and served in the
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Four Days in November: The Original Coverage of the John F. Kennedy Assassination
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by the required three-fourths of the states (38), and in January 1964 became the
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have awarded him in the name of the President the Distinguished Service Cross."
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in the November 1970 election. Cramer had the endorsement of U.S. president
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was a personal friend of Holland and did support him running for governor.
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Up for re-election in 1958, Holland was challenged by his former colleague
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2088:"Universalism and Civil Rights (with Notes on Voting Rights After Shelby)"
1531:"Universalism and Civil Rights (with Notes on Voting Rights After Shelby)"
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in Holland's hometown of Bartow is known as the Spessard Holland Parkway.
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Hobbs, Tameka (2004). "2. LYNCHED TWICE: THE MURDER OF A. C. WILLIAMS".
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The Spessard L. Holland Law Center, the administrative building at the
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On September 25, 1946 Holland assumed the U.S. Senate seat vacated by
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wetland and marshland in 1944 helped lead to the establishment of the
2065:"Canonizing the Civil Rights Revolution: The People and the Poll Tax"
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Kowal, John (2021). "6 The Civil Rights Era Amendments (1960–1971)".
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and aerial observer, gathering information and taking photographs in
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Guide to the Spessard L. Holland Papers at the University of Florida
1759:"Hitler Is Here": Lynching in Florida during the Era of World War II
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Upon resigning his commission in July 1919, Holland was promoted to
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Holland was also a member of several fraternities during his life:
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Holland was born at his family's home on 390 East Church Street in
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that would prohibit states from conditioning the right to vote in
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1797:"Children adjusted to changes on the home front as WW II started"
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Several buildings and public facilities are named after Holland:
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1762:(Dissertation) – via Florida State University Libraries.
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He was described as being a conservationist and enjoyed doing
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
1437:"Spessard L. Holland Dies at 79; Former Senator From Florida"
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The Spessard L. Holland Elementary School in his hometown of
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He won a fourth term in 1964, this time defeating Republican
1046:, Holland said "We'll stand up and fight as long as we can".
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When the United States entered World War II, German admiral
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Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
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Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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with putting Japanese and other foreigners into custody.
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When American involvement in World War II began with the
1324:"Spessard Lindsey Holland - Florida Department of State"
1078:(whom Nixon had earlier nominated unsuccessfully to the
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Holland left office in January 1971. Holland died of a
586:. At his request, Holland was later transferred to the
2287:"Search results for "search.asp" | Phi Delta Phi"
19:"Senator Holland" redirects here. For other uses, see
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Democratic Party United States senators from Florida
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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
594:. Here he served with Lt. George E. Goldwaithe as a
526:In 1916, Holland began attending law school at the
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2120:"Our Campaigns - FL US Senate Race - Nov 04, 1952"
2039:"Our Campaigns - FL US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1946"
1117:. Along with Freemasonry, Holland was a member of
1707:. Florida State University Libraries. p. 64.
913:who he described as being "cold or thorny" while
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373:United States Army Signal Corps Aviation Section
977:", which condemned the Supreme Court ruling in
2100:(8). The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc.: 6–7.
1543:(8). The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc.: 6–7.
861:Holland's term ended on January 2, 1945, when
739:Franklin Delano Roosevelt's third inauguration
737:Cone administration. He and his wife attended
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1262:The Spessard L. Holland Elementary School in
897:, and voted to override Truman's veto of the
660:, the latter of which he worked with Senator
72:September 25, 1946 – January 3, 1971
1463:"Holland Bartow Birthplace and Present Home"
943:Senate Committee on Rules and Administration
834:During a conference sometime during 1943 in
3204:United States Army personnel of World War I
2327:"Spessard Holland Was Typical American Boy"
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1512:"BARTOW LOOKS INTO CAREER OF NATIVE SON"
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3219:Democratic Party Florida state senators
2063:Ackerman, Bruce; Nou, Jennifer (2009).
1949:
1218:(Doctor of Comparative/Civil Law, 1953)
829:1944 Democratic gubernatorial primaries
3244:Fredric G. Levin College of Law alumni
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2163:"S. 50. STATEHOOD FOR HAWAII: PASSAGE"
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1874:Florida Veterans' Hall Of Fame Society
945:. On other issues, Holland remained a
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497:Holland as a football player at Emory.
16:Former Senator and Governor of Florida
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3224:Democratic Party governors of Florida
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2301:"Van Fleet Writes Praising Holland"
1984:Florida Governors: Lasting Legacies
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1483:Bair, Cinnamon (October 11, 2011).
1300:. December 29, 2016. Archived from
1066:, who defeated U.S. representative
760:United States Department of Justice
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2214:. St. Martin's Press. p. 87.
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1724:Florida State University Libraries
1688:Florida State University Libraries
1669:Florida State University Libraries
1650:Florida State University Libraries
1624:Florida State University Libraries
841:
688:for state elections, creating the
427:from 1941 to 1945, and later as a
14:
3285:
2355:
2236:"The Senate on November 22, 1963"
2208:(2003). Semple, Robert B. (ed.).
1593:(Ebook). New Press. p. 192.
1473:
1443:. New York City. November 7, 1971
1422:
1394:
1341:
1228:Stetson University College of Law
3061:
2627:
2364:"Spessard Holland (id: H000720)"
2352:(Baton Rouge, LSU Press, 2008).
2261:"Mary Holland a Political Force"
2145:"HR. 7999. STATEHOOD FOR ALASKA"
2027:– via Google News Archive.
2013:"Caldwell Names Holland Senator"
1950:Wilhelm, Chris (November 2016).
1795:White, Gary (December 7, 2016).
1266:, "Home of the Holland Hornets";
1240:University of Florida Law School
1085:
363:
347:
21:Senator Holland (disambiguation)
3264:Military personnel from Florida
2319:
2293:
2279:
2253:
2228:
2198:
2173:
2155:
2137:
2112:
2086:Bagenstos, Samuel (June 2014).
2079:
2056:
2031:
2005:
1974:
1956:The Journal of Southern History
1943:
1838:
1766:
1749:
1730:
1711:
1694:
1675:
1656:
1637:
1611:
1580:
1529:Bagenstos, Samuel (June 2014).
1119:Sons of the American Revolution
868:
779:Federal Bureau of Investigation
777:to be on standby to assist the
773:. Governor Holland ordered the
710:
3254:People from Warrenton, Georgia
1563:"The Progressive Conservative"
1522:
1504:
1455:
1405:"The Progressive Conservative"
1316:
1290:
1053:
952:
507:from Emory College (currently
1:
3269:Holland & Knight partners
1897:Bell, Jonathan (April 2003).
1284:
1082:) in the Republican primary.
1006:
920:
806:and the idea of building the
445:he was appointed by Governor
3259:20th-century American judges
488:Monroe County, West Virginia
7:
3239:United States Army officers
3229:People from Bartow, Florida
1981:Robert, Buccellato (2015).
1904:Journal of American Studies
1518:. March 1, 1940. p. 2.
1080:United States Supreme Court
1074:, and had handily defeated
980:Brown v. Board of Education
715:
667:Although Holland supported
605:Distinguished Service Cross
476:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
332:Distinguished Service Cross
10:
3290:
3214:Florida state court judges
1913:Cambridge University Press
1567:Florida Historical Society
1409:Florida Historical Society
607:. The citation, signed by
566:Holland qualified to be a
299:Mary Agnes Groover Holland
18:
3249:Bartow High School alumni
3070:
3059:
2970:
2684:
2636:
2625:
2606:
2557:
2533:
2525:
2518:
2508:
2499:
2491:
2486:
2476:
2439:
2431:
2421:
2406:
2398:
2393:
2224:– via Google Books.
2001:– via Google Books.
1921:10.1017/S0021875803006984
891:national health insurance
808:Cross Florida Barge Canal
731:1885 Florida Constitution
414:
406:
396:
386:
378:
358:
342:
337:
327:
311:
303:
295:
285:
273:
259:
236:
231:
227:
216:
208:
197:
186:
176:
166:
155:
143:
131:
119:
108:
100:
88:
76:
65:
53:
49:
37:
30:
2394:Party political offices
2362:United States Congress.
1212:(Bachelor of Laws, 1962)
1206:(Bachelor of Laws, 1956)
1204:Florida State University
1200:(Bachelor of Laws, 1941)
1194:(Bachelor of Laws, 1941)
1192:Florida State University
1188:(Bachelor of Laws, 1941)
1186:Florida Southern College
1127:Veterans of Foreign Wars
1044:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1024:constitutional amendment
856:Everglades National Park
690:Everglades National Park
454:Early life and education
421:Spessard Lindsey Holland
241:Spessard Lindsey Holland
818:
792:
724:
472:Carroll County, Georgia
2331:The Polk County Record
2305:The Polk County Record
1845:Evans, Jon S. (2011).
1826:Evans, Jon S. (2011).
1773:Evans, Jon S. (2011).
1737:Evans, Jon S. (2011).
1718:Evans, Jon S. (2011).
1644:Evans, Jon S. (2011).
1618:Evans, Jon S. (2011).
1516:The Polk County Record
1467:The Polk County Record
1230:(Doctor of Laws, 1970)
775:Florida Highway Patrol
767:attack on Pearl Harbor
679:Gubernatorial campaign
669:discrimination against
632:Early political career
590:, Signal Corps of the
548:Philadelphia Athletics
498:
1273:(State Road 408); and
1216:University of Florida
993:Alaska-Tennessee Plan
879:civil rights movement
528:University of Florida
496:
400:Coast Artillery Corps
379:Years of service
322:University of Florida
151:from the 7th district
55:United States Senator
2600:Governors of Florida
2240:United States Senate
2019:. September 26, 1946
2017:St. Petersburg Times
1304:on December 29, 2016
1167:He received several
995:to the U.S. Senate:
989:Hawaii Admission Act
985:Alaska Statehood Act
973:), signed the 1956 "
705:Francis P. Whitehair
643:Holland & Knight
554:(the grandfather of
402:24th Flying Squadron
211:Polk County, Florida
2512:Millard F. Caldwell
2502:Governor of Florida
2413:Governor of Florida
1853:. pp. 154–161.
1682:Evans, Jon (2011).
1663:Evans, Jon (2011).
1222:University of Tampa
1210:University of Miami
1076:G. Harrold Carswell
1060:Claude R. Kirk, Jr.
873:Holland, like many
863:Millard F. Caldwell
664:to repeal in 1937.
562:World War I service
523:from 1912 to 1914.
447:Millard F. Caldwell
425:governor of Florida
103:Governor of Florida
2542:Served alongside:
2529:Charles O. Andrews
2487:Political offices
2435:Charles O. Andrews
2206:The New York Times
2181:"Spessard Holland"
2108:– via JSTOR.
1989:Arcadia Publishing
1970:– via JSTOR.
1939:– via JSTOR.
1870:"Spessard Holland"
1551:– via JSTOR.
1441:The New York Times
1298:"Florida Senators"
1163:Honors and degrees
975:Southern Manifesto
927:Charles O. Andrews
875:Southern Democrats
803:Operation Drumbeat
787:Governor's Mansion
771:federal government
698:gross receipts tax
588:24th Aero Squadron
521:Warrenton, Georgia
499:
484:Bartow High School
464:American Civil War
443:Charles O. Andrews
370:United States Army
172:John J. Swearingen
83:Charles O. Andrews
3181:
3180:
2930:
2929:
2689:
2642:
2641:(1822–1845)
2611:
2567:
2566:
2558:Succeeded by
2540:1946–1971
2509:Succeeded by
2477:Succeeded by
2422:Succeeded by
2348:Finley, Keith M.
2267:. August 19, 2009
1726:. pp. 75–76.
1328:dos.myflorida.com
1068:William C. Cramer
1028:federal elections
963:Lyndon B. Johnson
889:'s proposals for
572:second lieutenant
418:
417:
277:Wildwood Cemetery
3281:
3065:
2957:
2950:
2943:
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2687:
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2640:
2631:
2630:
2612:
2609:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2553:Edward J. Gurney
2526:Preceded by
2492:Preceded by
2432:Preceded by
2425:Millard Caldwell
2399:Preceded by
2391:
2390:
2382:Spessard Holland
2373:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2323:
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2116:
2110:
2109:
2093:Yale Law Journal
2083:
2077:
2076:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1947:
1941:
1940:
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1880:
1866:
1855:
1854:
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1552:
1536:Yale Law Journal
1526:
1520:
1519:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1469:. March 1, 1940.
1459:
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1417:
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1401:
1392:
1386:
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1336:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1294:
1198:Emory University
1180:Bachelor of Laws
1169:honorary degrees
1030:on payment of a
971:Albert Gore, Sr.
899:Taft-Hartley Act
848:environmentalist
836:Denver, Colorado
696:, repealing the
672:African-American
662:Ernest R. Graham
609:John J. Pershing
582:as an assistant
509:Emory University
468:orderly sergeant
369:
367:
366:
353:
351:
350:
338:Military service
266:
263:November 6, 1971
250:
248:
232:Personal details
221:
202:
179:
169:
160:
149:
138:Millard Caldwell
134:
122:
113:
91:
79:
70:
42:
32:Spessard Holland
28:
27:
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2597:
2563:
2549:George Smathers
2541:
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2514:
2505:
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2452:
2437:
2427:
2416:
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2346:
2336:
2334:
2333:. March 1, 1940
2325:
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2308:
2307:. March 1, 1940
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2199:
2189:
2187:
2185:Creating Alaska
2179:
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2161:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2142:
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2128:
2126:
2118:
2117:
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2084:
2080:
2069:Chicago Unbound
2061:
2057:
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2011:
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1999:
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1307:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1278:U.S. Highway 17
1276:The section of
1264:Satellite Beach
1250:Melbourne Beach
1176:Rollins College
1165:
1139:James Van Fleet
1123:American Legion
1100:Alpha Tau Omega
1088:
1056:
1009:
997:Ernest Gruening
961:states (except
955:
923:
871:
844:
842:1944 & 1945
825:Wallace Sturgis
821:
795:
727:
718:
713:
681:
634:
564:
556:Connie Mack III
532:track and field
513:Alpha Tau Omega
504:magna cum laude
460:Bartow, Florida
456:
401:
371:
364:
362:
348:
346:
320:
286:Political party
280:Bartow, Florida
278:
269:Bartow, Florida
268:
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254:Bartow, Florida
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45:
44:Holland in 1946
33:
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5:
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2356:External links
2354:
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2154:
2136:
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2004:
1998:978-1467113694
1997:
1991:. p. 62.
1973:
1942:
1886:
1856:
1837:
1815:
1784:
1781:. p. 136.
1765:
1748:
1745:. p. 109.
1729:
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1690:: 57 & 61.
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1096:Phi Beta Kappa
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967:Estes Kefauver
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947:segregationist
922:
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911:Daniel McCarty
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650:Florida Senate
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592:Army Air Corps
568:Rhodes scholar
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2043:Our Campaigns
2040:
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2018:
2014:
2008:
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1994:
1990:
1986:
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1969:
1965:
1962:(4): 4, 6–7.
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3032:
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2688:(since 1845)
2638:Territorial
2543:
2534:
2500:
2495:Fred P. Cone
2446:U.S. Senator
2444:nominee for
2440:
2411:nominee for
2407:
2402:Fred P. Cone
2386:Find a Grave
2367:
2349:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2330:
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2311:September 3,
2309:. Retrieved
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2129:September 1,
2127:. Retrieved
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2048:September 1,
2046:. Retrieved
2042:
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2016:
2007:
1983:
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1959:
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1908:
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1629:September 4,
1627:. Retrieved
1623:
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1605:Google Books
1603:– via
1589:
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1570:. Retrieved
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1408:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:the original
1292:
1233:
1166:
1153:heart attack
1150:
1146:birdwatching
1143:
1131:Kiwanis club
1093:
1089:
1057:
1048:
1017:
1010:
978:
956:
939:filibustered
931:
924:
887:Harry Truman
883:labor unions
872:
869:U.S. senator
860:
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711:Governorship
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440:U.S. senator
437:
429:U.S. senator
420:
419:
407:Battles/wars
265:(1971-11-06)
218:
199:
192:County Court
178:Succeeded by
157:
133:Succeeded by
126:Fred P. Cone
110:
90:Succeeded by
67:
25:
3199:1971 deaths
3194:1892 births
3108:Mallory Jr.
2983:Mallory Sr.
2520:U.S. Senate
1496:October 22,
1224:(HHD, 1956)
1129:, Bartow's
1112:33rd degree
1108:Freemasonry
1054:Fourth term
1018:During the
959:Confederate
953:Second term
799:Karl Dönitz
638:Polk County
626:Fort Monroe
552:Connie Mack
517:high school
410:World War I
168:Preceded by
121:Preceded by
78:Preceded by
3188:Categories
3008:Taliaferro
2506:1941–1945
2442:Democratic
2409:Democratic
2337:August 23,
2265:The Ledger
2221:0312321619
1802:The Ledger
1490:The Ledger
1285:References
1137:. General
1007:Third term
921:First term
852:Everglades
686:poll taxes
540:basketball
343:Allegiance
313:Alma mater
290:Democratic
247:1892-07-10
2792:Gilchrist
2607:Military
1937:145503857
1915:: 17–45.
1572:August 3,
1414:August 3,
1333:August 3,
1001:Bill Egan
858:in 1947.
801:launched
654:sales tax
611:, noted:
580:JAG Corps
382:1917–1919
223:1919–1921
219:In office
204:1921–1929
200:In office
162:1932–1940
158:In office
111:In office
101:28th
68:In office
3163:Martinez
3138:Smathers
3123:Fletcher
3113:W. Bryan
3078:Westcott
3018:Trammell
3013:N. Bryan
2922:DeSantis
2892:Martinez
2837:Caldwell
2797:Trammell
2782:Jennings
2772:Mitchell
2167:govtrack
2149:govtrack
2106:43617008
2023:March 9,
1968:44784505
1929:27557252
1879:July 26,
1671:: 47–52.
1549:43617008
1308:April 6,
1133:and the
1110:being a
1036:ratified
1032:poll tax
987:and the
903:New Deal
893:and the
752:Marianna
747:lynching
716:Overview
658:poll tax
656:and the
584:adjutant
544:baseball
536:football
304:Children
3168:LeMieux
3153:Hawkins
3098:Conover
3071:Class 3
3033:Holland
3028:Andrews
2993:Gilbert
2971:Class 1
2857:Collins
2847:McCarty
2832:Holland
2817:Carlton
2787:Broward
2777:Bloxham
2767:Fleming
2757:Bloxham
2747:Stearns
2722:Allison
2697:Moseley
2619:Jackson
2455:Class 1
2450:Florida
1447:July 7,
1182:, 1941)
1155:at his
1115:Shriner
622:captain
576:brigade
391:Captain
60:Florida
3158:Graham
3143:Gurney
3133:Pepper
3118:Milton
3093:Osborn
3083:Morton
3048:Nelson
3038:Chiles
3023:Loftin
2902:MacKay
2897:Chiles
2887:Mixson
2882:Graham
2862:Bryant
2842:Warren
2822:Sholtz
2812:Martin
2807:Hardee
2732:Walker
2727:Marvin
2717:Milton
2707:Broome
2685:State
2676:Branch
2610:(1821)
2218:
2104:
1995:
1966:
1935:
1927:
1597:
1547:
1257:Bartow
1157:Bartow
969:, and
596:gunner
542:, and
368:
352:
328:Awards
296:Spouse
3173:Rubio
3148:Stone
3088:Yulee
3053:Scott
3003:Pasco
2998:Jones
2988:Welch
2978:Yulee
2917:Scott
2912:Crist
2877:Askew
2867:Burns
2852:Johns
2802:Catts
2762:Perry
2712:Perry
2702:Brown
2656:Eaton
2651:Duval
2448:from
2102:JSTOR
1964:JSTOR
1933:S2CID
1925:JSTOR
1911:(1).
1545:JSTOR
550:that
58:from
3128:Hill
3103:Call
3043:Mack
2907:Bush
2872:Kirk
2827:Cone
2752:Drew
2742:Hart
2737:Reed
2671:Call
2666:Reid
2661:Call
2473:1964
2469:1958
2465:1952
2461:1946
2418:1940
2339:2021
2313:2021
2273:2021
2247:2022
2216:ISBN
2192:2021
2131:2021
2050:2021
2025:2022
1993:ISBN
1881:2021
1810:2021
1631:2021
1595:ISBN
1574:2021
1498:2021
1449:2017
1416:2021
1335:2021
1310:2021
1269:The
1135:Elks
1102:and
999:and
881:and
819:1943
793:1942
742:II.
725:1941
397:Unit
387:Rank
260:Died
237:Born
189:Polk
2384:at
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1958:.
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