5501:
246:
739:
1450:
1319:
638:
305:
489:
40:
686:
1306:, the law which establishes Germany's feed-in tariffs, provides the legislative basis not just for the compensation levels, but other regulatory factors, such as priority access to the grid. The law was amended in 2010 to restrict the use of agricultural land, since which time most solar parks have been built on so-called 'development land', such as former military sites. Partly for this reason, the geographic distribution of photovoltaic power plants in Germany is biased towards the former
9840:
177:
2522:
2508:
575:
9852:
668:. A parameter called the 'performance ratio' has been developed to evaluate the total value of these losses. The performance ratio gives a measure of the output AC power delivered as a proportion of the total DC power which the solar panels should be able to deliver under the ambient climatic conditions. In modern solar parks the performance ratio should typically be in excess of 80%.
791:
output under the climatic conditions actually experienced. It also provides data to enable the scheduling of both rectification and preventive maintenance. A small number of large solar farms use a separate inverter or maximizer for each solar panel, which provide individual performance data that can be monitored. For other solar farms,
1145:
Another form of indirect incentive which has been used to stimulate investment in solar power plant was tax credits available to investors. In some cases the credits were linked to the energy produced by the installations, such as the
Production Tax Credits. In other cases the credits were related to
847:
As solar power costs reached grid parity, PV systems were able to offer power competitively in the energy market. The subsidies and incentives, which were needed to stimulate the early market as detailed below, were progressively replaced by auctions and competitive tendering leading to further price
750:
for each megawatt of rated output, so require a substantial land area; which is subject to planning approval. The chances of obtaining consent, and the related time, cost and conditions, vary by jurisdiction and location. Many planning approvals will also apply conditions on the treatment of the site
676:
Early photovoltaic systems output decreased as much as 10%/year, but as of 2010 the median degradation rate was 0.5%/year, with panels made after 2000 having a significantly lower degradation rate, so that a system would lose only 12% of its output performance in 25 years. A system using panels which
585:
These units have relatively high capacity, typically of the order between 1 MW up to 7 MW for newer units (2020), so they condition the output of a substantial block of solar arrays, up to perhaps 2 hectares (4.9 acres) in area. Solar parks using centralized inverters are often configured in discrete
507:
These arrays need to be spaced out to reduce inter-shading as the sun moves and the array orientations change, so need more land area. They also require more complex mechanisms to maintain the array surface at the required angle. The increased output can be of the order of 30% in locations with high
469:
inclination calculated to provide the optimum annual output profile. The panels are normally oriented towards the
Equator, at a tilt angle slightly less than the latitude of the site. In some cases, depending on local climatic, topographical or electricity pricing regimes, different tilt angles can
253:
The land area required for a desired power output varies depending on the location, the efficiency of the solar panels, the slope of the site, and the type of mounting used. Fixed tilt solar arrays using typical panels of about 15% efficiency on horizontal sites, need about 1 hectare (2.5 acres)/MW
1297:
The first multi-megawatt plant in Europe was the 4.2 MW community-owned project at Hemau, commissioned in 2003. But it was the revisions to the German feed-in tariffs in 2004, which gave the strongest impetus to the establishment of utility-scale solar power plants. The first to be completed under
1103:
Feed-in tariffs are designated prices which must be paid by utility companies for each kilowatt hour of renewable electricity produced by qualifying generators and fed into the grid. These tariffs normally represent a premium on wholesale electricity prices and offer a guaranteed revenue stream to
766:
Most stations are sited within a few kilometres of a suitable grid connection point. This network needs to be capable of absorbing the output of the solar park when operating at its maximum capacity. The project developer will normally have to absorb the cost of providing power lines to this point
222:. With its introduction of feed-in tariffs in 2008, Spain briefly became the largest market with some 60 solar parks over 10 MW, but these incentives have since been withdrawn. The USA, China, India, France, Canada, Australia, and Italy, among others, have also become major markets as shown on the
1215:
The electrical output of a solar park will be related to the solar radiation, the capacity of the plant and its performance ratio. The income derived from this electrical output will come primarily from the sale of the electricity, and any incentive payments such as those under Feed-in
Tariffs or
648:
The performance of a solar park depends on the climatic conditions, the equipment used and the system configuration. The primary energy input is the global light irradiance in the plane of the solar arrays, and this in turn is a combination of the direct and the diffuse radiation. In some regions
790:
require minimal maintenance, compared to rotating machinery. A major aspect of the O&M contract will be continuous monitoring of the performance of the plant and all of its primary subsystems, which is normally undertaken remotely. This enables performance to be compared with the anticipated
524:
A third approach achieves some of the output benefits of tracking, with a lesser penalty in terms of land area, capital and operating cost. This involves tracking the sun in one dimension – in its daily journey across the sky – but not adjusting for the seasons. The angle of the axis is normally
473:
A variant on this design is the use of arrays, whose tilt angle can be adjusted twice or four times annually to optimise seasonal output. They also require more land area to reduce internal shading at the steeper winter tilt angle. Because the increased output is typically only a few percent, it
1408:
By the end of 2017, it was reported that more than 732 MW of solar energy projects had been completed, which contributed to 7% of Jordan's electricity. After having initially set the percentage of renewable energy Jordan aimed to generate by 2020 at 10%, the government announced in 2018 that it
1062:
Solar generating stations have become progressively cheaper in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue. Meanwhile, traditional electricity generation is becoming progressively more expensive. These trends led to a crossover point when the levelised cost of energy from solar parks,
714:
Some of these power producers develop their own portfolio of power plants, but most solar parks are initially designed and constructed by specialist project developers. Typically the developer will plan the project, obtain planning and connection consents, and arrange financing for the capital
597:
are substantially lower in capacity than central inverters, of the order of 10 kW up to 250 KW for newer models (2020), and condition the output of a single array string. This is normally a whole, or part of, a row of solar arrays within the overall plant. String inverters can enhance the
338:
In some cases, several different solar power stations with separate owners and contractors are developed on adjacent sites. This can offer the advantage of the projects sharing the cost and risks of project infrastructure such as grid connections and planning approval. Solar farms can also be
1248:
The first places to reach grid parity were those with high traditional electricity prices and high levels of solar radiation. The worldwide distribution of solar parks is expected to change as different regions achieve grid parity. This transition also includes a shift from rooftop towards
257:
Because of the longer shadow the array casts when tilted at a steeper angle, this area is typically about 10% higher for an adjustable tilt array or a single axis tracker, and 20% higher for a 2-axis tracker, though these figures will vary depending on the latitude and topography.
1066:
For merchant solar power stations, where the electricity is being sold into the electricity transmission network, the levelised cost of solar energy will need to match the wholesale electricity price. This point is sometimes called 'wholesale grid parity' or 'busbar parity'.
6298:
1169:
showing how these targets would be met, and many of these have specific support measures for solar energy deployment. The directive also allows states to develop projects outside their national boundaries, and this may lead to bilateral programs such as the Helios project.
1230:. Though operating costs are typically relatively low, especially as no fuel is required, most operators will want to ensure that adequate operation and maintenance cover is available to maximise the availability of the plant and thereby optimise the income to cost ratio.
1088:
In the years before grid parity had been reached in many parts of the world, solar generating stations needed some form of financial incentive to compete for the supply of electricity. Many countries used such incentives to support the deployment of solar power stations.
677:
degrade 4%/year will lose 64% of its output during the same period. Many panel makers offer a performance guarantee, typically 90% in ten years and 80% over 25 years. The output of all panels is typically warranted at plus or minus 3% during the first year of operation.
1136:
Some countries and states adopt less targeted financial incentives, available for a wide range of infrastructure investment, such as the US Department of Energy loan guarantee scheme, which stimulated a number of investments in the solar power plant in 2010 and 2011.
1118:
These standards are obligations on utility companies to source a proportion of their electricity from renewable generators. In most cases, they do not prescribe which technology should be used and the utility is free to select the most appropriate renewable sources.
622:
chose to keep a spare transformer onsite, as transformer failure would have kept the solar farm offline for a long period. Transformers typically have a life of 25 to 75 years, and normally do not require replacement during the life of a photovoltaic power station.
378:
reservoir, Portugal, enabling solar power and hydroelectric energy to be combined. Separately, a German engineering firm committed to integrating an offshore floating solar farm with an offshore wind farm to use ocean space more efficiently. The projects involve
751:
after the station has been decommissioned in the future. A professional health, safety and environment assessment is usually undertaken during the design of a PV power station in order to ensure the facility is designed and planned in accordance with all
856:
The improving competitiveness of utility-scale solar became more visible as countries and energy utilities introduced auctions for new generating capacity. Some auctions are reserved for solar projects, while others are open to a wider range of sources.
803:
A solar park's income derives from the sales of electricity to the grid, and so its output is metered in real-time with readings of its energy output provided, typically on a half-hourly basis, for balancing and settlement within the electricity market.
342:
Sometimes 'solar park' is used to describe a set of individual solar power stations, which share sites or infrastructure, and 'cluster' is used where several plants are located nearby without any shared resources. Some examples of solar parks are the
4546:
815:
the output of a solar park, for example at times of low demand or high availability of other generators. Some countries make statutory provision for priority access to the grid for renewable generators, such as that under the
European
296:. A recent study found that the value of solar generated electricity coupled to shade-tolerant crop production created an over 30% increase in economic value from farms deploying agrivoltaic systems instead of conventional agriculture.
730:, construction, connection and commissioning. At each stage in the process, the developer will be able to update estimates of the anticipated performance and costs of the plant and the financial returns it should be able to deliver.
663:
There will be losses between the DC output of the solar panels and the AC power delivered to the grid, due to a wide range of factors such as light absorption losses, mismatch, cable voltage drop, conversion efficiencies, and other
451:, mounted on support structures and interconnected to deliver a power output to electronic power conditioning subsystems. The majority are free-field systems using ground-mounted structures, usually of one of the following types:
94:, the other major large-scale solar generation technology, which uses heat to drive a variety of conventional generator systems. Both approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages, but to date, for a variety of reasons,
1377:
became functional and had a production capacity of 2GW. As of
February 2020, it is the largest Solar Park in the world. In September 2018 Acme Solar announced that it had commissioned India's cheapest solar power plant, the 200
265:, or where there is no other valuable land use. Even in cultivated areas, a significant proportion of the site of a solar farm can also be devoted to other productive uses, such as crop growing or biodiversity. The change in
6046:"Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC"
7221:
4705:
525:
horizontal, though some, such as the solar park at Nellis Air Force Base, which has a 20° tilt, incline the axis towards the equator in a north–south orientation – effectively a hybrid between tracking and fixed tilt.
6903:
767:
and making the connection; in addition often to any costs associated with upgrading the grid, so it can accommodate the output from the plant. Therefore, solar power stations are sometimes built at sites of former
1256:
Because of the economic background, large-scale systems are presently distributed where the support regimes have been the most consistent, or the most advantageous. Total capacity of worldwide PV plants above 4
8092:
117:
power output. In other countries, the manufacturer states the surface and the efficiency. However, Canada, Japan, Spain, and the United States often specify using the converted lower nominal power output in
598:
efficiency of solar parks, where different parts of the array are experiencing different levels of insolation, for example where arranged at different orientations, or closely packed to minimise site area.
7246:
6508:
1457:
The US deployment of photovoltaic power stations is largely concentrated in southwestern states. The
Renewable Portfolio Standards in California and surrounding states provide a particular incentive.
8191:
5035:
3247:
6074:
3949:
1423:
The majority of the deployment of solar power stations in Spain to date occurred during the boom market of 2007–8. The stations are well distributed around the country, with some concentration in
618:
operate at much higher voltages of the order of tens or hundreds of thousands of volts, so transformers are incorporated to deliver the required output to the grid. Due to the long lead time, the
6568:
4521:
4413:
8734:
1063:
historically more expensive, matched or beat the cost of traditional electricity generation. This point depends on locations and other factors, and is commonly referred to as grid parity.
4056:
5156:
4260:
8803:
1074:
explains these discrepancies due to differences in "soft costs", which include customer acquisition, permitting, inspection and interconnection, installation labor and financing costs.
8702:
1633:
1219:
Electricity prices may vary at different times of day, giving a higher price at times of high demand. This may influence the design of the plant to increase its output at such times.
742:
Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red).
4764:
4712:
807:
Income is affected by the reliability of equipment within the plant and also by the availability of the grid network to which it is exporting. Some connection contracts allow the
7585:
6320:
4201:
7642:
4316:
2105:
763:
The availability, locality and capacity of the connection to the grid is a major consideration in planning a new solar park, and can be a significant contributor to the cost.
566:
are used. Single inverters allows optimizing the output of each panel, and multiple inverters increases the reliability by limiting the loss of output when an inverter fails.
4648:
3906:
3409:
5606:
4147:
2685:
Arnett, J.C.; Schaffer, L. A.; Rumberg, J. P.; Tolbert, R. E. L.; et al. (1984). "Design, installation and performance of the ARCO Solar one-megawatt power plant".
2172:
1283:. The distribution of power plants around the country is quite broad, with the highest concentration in the Gobi desert and connected to the Northwest China Power Grid.
5980:
3932:
3607:
7125:
3700:
152:, but the involvement of community and utility-owned projects is increasing. Previously, almost all were supported at least in part by regulatory incentives such as
6712:
6531:
6365:
5120:
8472:
7555:
1298:
this programme was the
Leipziger Land solar park developed by Geosol. Several dozen plants were built between 2004 and 2011, several of which were at the time the
6276:
500:
To maximise the intensity of incoming direct radiation, solar panels should be orientated normal to the sun's rays. To achieve this, arrays can be designed using
8653:
7257:
2418:
8598:
5301:
4623:
7196:
4571:
516:, due to overcast conditions. So dual axis trackers are most commonly used in subtropical regions, and were first deployed at utility scale at the Lugo plant.
1154:
In addition to free market commercial incentives, some countries and regions have specific programs to support the deployment of solar energy installations.
8195:
6620:
4738:
696:
Solar power plants are developed to deliver merchant electricity into the grid as an alternative to other renewable, fossil or nuclear generating stations.
8402:
5066:
3258:
245:
7940:
6067:
395:
and beaming energy down to Earth—constituted an early feasibility demonstration completed. Such setups are not limited by cloud cover or the Sun’s cycle.
6561:
6485:
5446:
1471:
The following solar parks were, at the time they became operational, the largest in the world or their continent, or are notable for the reasons given:
1261:
was assessed by Wiki-Solar as c. 220 GW in c. 9,000 installations at the end of 2019 and represents about 35 percent of estimated global PV capacity of
4091:
8217:
6873:
6788:
562:
There are two primary alternatives for configuring this conversion equipment; centralized and string inverters, although in some cases individual, or
6231:
8118:
531:
are aligned along axes roughly north–south. Some use linkages between rows so that the same actuator can adjust the angle of several rows at once.
8724:
7739:
6137:
1122:
There are some exceptions where solar technologies are allocated a proportion of the RPS in what is sometimes referred to as a 'solar set aside'.
8620:
5910:
5257:
4063:
7988:
6810:
6763:
5160:
4381:
3435:
Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Minor, Rebecca L.; Allen, Nathan A.; Cronin, Alex D.; Brooks, Adria E.; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell A. (December 2016).
5376:
3502:
Guoqing, Li; Hernandez, Rebecca R; Blackburn, George Alan; Davies, Gemma; Hunt, Merryn; Whyatt, James Duncan; Armstrong, Alona (August 2021).
9745:
9422:
8698:
8558:
8351:
8144:
6410:
3998:
1397:
8243:
5523:
2655:
8041:
7327:
5738:
656:
A key determinant of the output of the system is the conversion efficiency of the solar panels, which depends in particular on the type of
7455:
4768:
3365:
2633:
2608:
9391:
9227:
8169:
4978:
860:
The prices revealed by these auctions and tenders have led to highly competitive prices in many regions. Amongst the prices quoted are:
8020:
6973:
6459:
3413:
125:, a measure more directly comparable to other forms of power generation. Most solar parks are developed at a scale of at least 1 MW
9100:
7427:
7004:
1707:
716:
7592:
4926:
Ilse K, Micheli L, Figgis BW, Lange K, Dassler D, Hanifi H, Wolfertstetter F, Naumann V, Hagendorf C, Gottschalg R, Bagdahn J (2019).
4208:
8305:
7055:
6342:
5690:
1070:
Prices for installed PV systems show regional variations, more than solar cells and panels, which tend to be global commodities. The
7805:
7305:
4477:
4327:
3090:
9562:
6737:
4655:
3063:
72:
6594:
3902:
9529:
9524:
8858:
7668:
4793:
1189:
8328:
5598:
5421:
3950:"Free-field solar power plants a solution that allows power to be generated faster and more cost-effectively than offshore wind"
1279:
In 2013 China overtook
Germany as the nation with the most utility-scale solar capacity. Much of this has been supported by the
9269:
8066:
7481:
5868:
4154:
4030:
1165:
sets targets for increasing levels of deployment of renewable energy in all member states. Each has been required to develop a
1083:
8273:
5792:
779:
Once the solar park has been commissioned, the owner usually enters into a contract with a suitable counterparty to undertake
8804:"Núñez de Balboa completed: Iberdrola finalizes the construction of the largest photovoltaic plant in Europe within one year"
8573:
4293:
3924:
3614:
3305:
1166:
653:, the accumulation of dust or organic material on the solar panels that blocks incident light, is a significant loss factor.
8425:
9878:
6539:
3826:
2541:
1769:
352:
31:
7129:
3704:
665:
404:
9567:
8639:
7506:
6928:
5131:
3874:
3116:"MX Group Spa signs a 1.75 Billion Euros agreement for the construction in Serbia of the largest solar park in the world"
2546:
1466:
407:
PV systems, also known as free-field solar power plants. They can either be fixed tilt or use a single axis or dual axis
223:
130:
8450:
7563:
6100:
9583:
8935:
6854:
5716:
4742:
2877:
411:. While tracking improves the overall performance, it also increases the system's installation and maintenance cost. A
6509:"Solar Report Stunner: Unsubsidized 'Grid Parity Has Been Reached In India', Italy–With More Countries Coming in 2014"
5549:
1181:
is an international programme under which solar generating stations in certain qualifying countries can be supported.
738:
504:, capable of tracking the sun in its daily movement across the sky, and as its elevation changes throughout the year.
9711:
9646:
9588:
9085:
6388:
4499:
4442:
Li, Zhimin; et al. (June 2010). "Optical performance of inclined south-north single-axis tracked solar panels".
87:
level, rather than to a local user or users. Utility-scale solar is sometimes used to describe this type of project.
8676:
7712:
7282:
6658:
Couture, T., Cory, K., Kreycik, C., Williams, E., (2010). National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy
4575:
4324:
Proceedings of 1st
Southern African Solar Energy Conference (SASEC 2012), 21–23 May 2012, Stellenbosch, South Africa
3321:
157:
76:
9716:
9479:
8960:
8756:
7762:
4601:
2556:
1444:
7405:
3218:
9730:
9237:
9095:
8976:
4117:
2551:
1743:
632:
556:
8913:
6184:
6045:
9855:
9681:
9207:
9001:
8950:
7617:
5932:
752:
8532:
6433:
2437:
9514:
6122:
5575:
3671:
2744:
2486:
8510:
8122:
7532:
4095:
2928:
555:, either within the inverters or as separate units. These devices keep each solar array string close to its
9801:
9781:
9161:
8920:
8496:
6254:
3903:"A pilot project in the North Sea will develop floating solar panels that glide over waves 'like a carpet'"
2903:
1113:
808:
552:
470:
be used, or the arrays might be offset from the normal east–west axis to favour morning or evening output.
5502:"SunEdison Closes R2.6 Billion (US$ 314 Million) in Funding for 58 MW (AC) in South Africa Solar Projects"
9691:
9166:
8851:
5472:
3543:
2318:
The largest single solar power plant (as opposed to co-located group of projects) in Asia and the world.
2263:
1986:
1865:
1614:
1453:
Locations of solar photovoltaic facility locations having a direct current capacity of 1 megawatt or more
1303:
1280:
1174:
1071:
17:
8093:"EDF Energies Nouvelles secures building permits for two solar power plants (15.3 MW) on Reunion Island"
7857:
7831:
7173:
5668:
3848:
98:
technology has seen much wider use. As of 2019, about 97% of utility-scale solar power capacity was PV.
9701:
9417:
9264:
9222:
9202:
6832:
4906:
Proceedings of International Expert Conference on Mathematical Modeling of Solar Radiation and Daylight
3016:
1908:
1338:
India has been rising up the leading nations for the installation of utility-scale solar capacity. The
1184:
Additionally many other countries have specific solar energy development programmes. Some examples are
727:
700:
208:
149:
7941:"AC-DC conundrum: Latest PV power-plant ratings follies put focus on reporting inconsistency (update)"
4680:
1449:
9181:
9115:
9090:
8930:
7428:"Best of Both Worlds: What if German installation costs were combined with the best solar resources?"
4899:"Solar Radiation Modeling and Measurements for Renewable Energy Applications: Data and Model Quality"
2126:
Phase II of 530 MW added to 320 MW Phase I (2013) makes this the world's largest solar power station
812:
780:
447:
are the subsystems which convert incoming light into electrical energy. They comprise a multitude of
8390:
Repartición solar farm, Location: Municipalidad Distrital La Joya. Province: Arequipa. Power: 22 MWp
7995:
6216:
6169:
5957:
5157:"Avenal in ascendance: Taking a closer look at the world's largest silicon thin-film PV power plant"
4388:
3748:
2994:
2972:
44:
9616:
9598:
9489:
9335:
9322:
9317:
9217:
7689:
5767:
4928:"Techno-Economic Assessment of Soiling Losses and Mitigation Strategies for Solar Power Generation"
3038:
2950:
2830:
1889:
1595:
768:
348:
91:
4005:
528:
9898:
9893:
9706:
9626:
9504:
9474:
9232:
9212:
9141:
9027:
9022:
8991:
8986:
8251:
7077:
5846:
2855:
2773:
2536:
2527:
2456:
1669:
1262:
1243:
787:
391:
The first successful test in January 2024 of a solar farm in space—collecting solar power from a
312:
180:
5981:"A case study of a 3-MW scale grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant at Kolar, Karnataka"
4851:
4317:"Solar Electricity Production from Fixed-inclined and Sun-tracking c-Si Photovoltaic Modules in"
501:
304:
207:, was commissioned in Carrizo Plain in 2015). The next stage followed the 2004 revisions to the
9888:
9844:
9686:
9656:
9621:
9608:
9494:
9070:
9060:
8955:
8844:
5889:
4874:
4179:
3643:
2576:
1292:
1249:
utility-scale plants, since the focus of new PV deployment has changed from Europe towards the
1239:
704:
650:
637:
619:
249:
Mosaic distribution of the photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the landscape of Southeast Germany
6366:"1.35 Cents/kWh: Record Abu Dhabi Solar Bid Is A Sober Reminder To Upbeat Fossil Fuel Pundits"
6023:
5821:
5009:
3504:"Ground-mounted photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands in arid ecosystems"
1318:
1212:
The financial performance of the solar power plant is a function of its income and its costs.
9883:
9661:
9651:
9631:
9484:
9307:
9110:
8908:
7963:
7787:
6981:
6203:
6156:
5998:
5205:
4826:
1789:
1688:
1265:, up from 25 percent in 2014. Activities in the key markets are reviewed individually below.
829:
642:
578:
513:
3437:"The Photovoltaic Heat Island Effect: Larger solar power plants increase local temperatures"
9696:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9641:
9636:
9151:
9080:
8925:
8893:
8782:"With 2,245 MW of Commissioned Solar Projects, World's Largest Solar Park is Now at Bhadla"
8781:
5050:
4939:
4451:
3564:
3448:
3189:
2690:
2581:
2323:
2302:
1418:
1391:
1333:
1274:
1162:
864:
Competitive energy prices achieved by utility-scale PV plants in renewable energy auctions
817:
563:
192:
5327:
3771:
8:
9350:
9330:
9297:
9105:
9041:
8981:
8940:
7809:
6123:"The Evolution of Photovoltaic Technology: A Path to Grid Parity and Mainstream Adoption"
4233:
2566:
1970:
1846:
1396:
Italy has a large number of photovoltaic power plants, the largest of which is the 84 MW
1374:
1339:
837:
723:
708:
689:
586:
rectangular blocks, with the related inverter in one corner, or the centre of the block.
544:
466:
420:
344:
6741:
5054:
4943:
4455:
3726:
3579:
3452:
3343:
3295:
3067:
2694:
2393:
Group of 31 co-located solar plants reported to be the largest solar park in the world.
699:
The plant owner is an electricity generator. Most solar power plants today are owned by
547:(AC), which is the form transmitted by the electricity grid. This conversion is done by
254:
in the tropics and this figure rises to over 2 hectares (4.9 acres) in northern Europe.
9386:
9345:
9292:
9065:
8945:
7591:. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India. 31 October 2017. Archived from
7406:"In Hemau liefert der weltweit größte Solarpark umweltfreundlichen Strom aus der Sonne"
5001:
4357:"One-Axis Trackers – Improved Reliability, Durability, Performance, and Cost Reduction"
3525:
3484:
3471:
3436:
3115:
2726:
2715:
Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1991., Conference Record of the Twenty Second IEEE
1808:
1587:
1573:
364:
148:
Most of the existing large-scale photovoltaic power stations are owned and operated by
102:
8377:
4800:
9412:
9407:
9340:
9136:
9075:
9006:
8996:
7222:"Solar Photovoltaics competing in the energy sector – On the road to competitiveness"
6950:
3529:
3476:
3301:
2730:
2373:
2348:
2180:
1827:
1428:
1322:
606:
The system inverters typically provide power output at voltages of the order of 480 V
509:
273:
effect, and another study claims that surroundings in arid ecosystems become cooler.
8403:"President Humala inaugurates T-Solar Group photovoltaic solar-power plants in Peru"
8070:
7909:
5669:"Connecting your new home, building or development to Ausgrid's electricity network"
5005:
2805:
2634:"Concentrated solar power had a global total installed capacity of 6,451 MW in 2019"
9469:
9453:
9437:
9427:
8898:
8280:
6277:"Saudi Arabia sets lowest-ever PV price; IEA hikes solar growth outlook by a third"
5058:
4993:
4957:
4947:
4459:
4148:"Performance analysis of a grid connected photovoltaic park on the island of Crete"
3515:
3488:
3466:
3456:
2718:
2031:
204:
5599:"Americans don't hate living near solar and wind farms as much as you might think"
5062:
9381:
9312:
8218:"Activ Solar Commissions 100-Plus MW Perovo Solar PV Station in Ukraine's Crimea"
7352:
7029:
6691:"Race to the Top: The Expanding Role of U.S. State Renewable Portfolio Standards"
5349:
4463:
3167:
2132:
615:
594:
512:, but the increase is lower in temperate climates or those with more significant
488:
262:
6713:"Investment in electricity generation – the role of costs, incentives and risks"
5620:
4952:
4927:
3144:
9791:
9766:
9432:
9284:
9186:
9176:
9146:
8903:
7935:
6255:"160 wind turbines and 1,750 hectares of solar approved in first State auction"
5447:"Solar farm on 20 acres of Kauai land gets county planning commission approval"
4977:
Green, Martin; Emery, Keith; Hishikawa, Yoshihiro & Warta, Wilhelm (2009).
3520:
3503:
2399:
1362:
1158:
1131:
1098:
833:
783:(O&M). In many cases this may be fulfilled by the original EPC contractor.
685:
540:
416:
412:
371:
319:
161:
153:
114:
84:
6690:
6299:"Mexico sets world's lowest solar price; Energy storage to hit 125 GW by 2030"
5911:"Talmage Solar Engineering, Inc. Unveils Largest Smart Array in North America"
5398:
5095:
4898:
4356:
2493:
installed three months earlier) to become Europe's largest solar power plant.
543:(DC) electricity, so solar parks need conversion equipment to convert this to
383:", in which different renewable energy technologies are combined in one site.
168:
has been reached in most markets, external incentives are usually not needed.
9872:
9376:
9366:
9279:
9171:
8888:
8867:
8621:"Inauguran en Monte Plata la planta de energía solar más grande de la región"
7030:"South Africa: Renewable Energy Programme to Bring R47 Billion in Investment"
2722:
2561:
2513:
2085:
715:
required. The actual construction work is normally contracted to one or more
483:
408:
200:
106:
39:
8654:"ENEL starts operation of South America's two largest solar parks in Brazil"
7002:
6789:"Independent Review: DOE's Loan Guarantee Program Has Worked, Can Be Better"
5036:"Forecasting photovoltaic array power production subject to mismatch losses"
30:"Solar power plant" redirects here. For list of solar thermal stations, see
9821:
9776:
9509:
8329:"Australia's Greenough River Solar Farm Opens Amid Renewable Target Debate"
8145:"Chint Solar successfully completed Golmud 20MW photovoltaic power station"
7883:
7378:
5642:
3613:. Kern County Planning and Community development Department. Archived from
3480:
2571:
2475:
2277:
2267:
2161:
2041:
1874:
1307:
1227:
1223:
1197:
792:
424:
380:
327:
308:
289:
281:
119:
95:
8473:"Shaikh Zayed Solar Power Plant in Mauritania inaugurated by Shaikh Saeed"
2713:
Wenger, H.J.; et al. "Decline of the Carrisa Plains PV power plant".
722:
Major milestones in the development of a new photovoltaic power plant are
269:
affects local temperature. One study claims a temperature rise due to the
218:
have since been installed in Germany, of which more than 50 are over 10 MW
9816:
9786:
9761:
9519:
9156:
9131:
8170:"FinowTower I + II; Mit 84,7 MWp das größte Solarstrom-Kraftwerk Europas"
5231:
4962:
2223:
2081:
1928:
1424:
1370:
1107:
1057:
841:
448:
444:
428:
375:
293:
270:
165:
80:
7099:
6645:
5182:
5034:
Picault, D; Raison, B.; Bacha, S.; de la Casa, J.; Aguilera, J. (2010).
2175:
installation project (Longyanxia having been constructed in two phases)
1369:
of installed solar power capacity each. Rajasthan and Gujarat share the
137:. At the end of 2019, about 9,000 solar farms were larger than 4 MW
79:. They are different from most building-mounted and other decentralized
9302:
9274:
9052:
8831:
3222:
2151:
2012:
828:
In recent years, PV technology has improved its electricity generating
657:
392:
261:
The best locations for solar parks in terms of land use are held to be
176:
6321:"Rajasthan solar auction draws electricity price of just 3.5 US cents"
5621:"Statistics about some selected markets for utility-scale solar parks"
3461:
2057:
359:
MW. An extreme example would be calling all of the solar farms in the
229:
The largest sites under construction have capacities of hundreds of MW
9593:
9499:
9371:
8497:
Topaz, the Largest Solar Plant in the World, Is Now Fully Operational
7197:"Optimizing PV Plant O&M Requires Focus on the Project Lifecycle"
6135:
5793:"Addressing Solar Photovoltaic Operations and Maintenance Challenges"
4478:"Invert your thinking: Squeezing more power out of your solar panels"
3999:"Tracked vs Fixed: PV system cost and AC power production comparison"
2377:
2332:
2308:
2297:
2243:
2200:
1491:
1358:
1354:
1193:
7896:
The locations of these and other plants over 10MW are illustrated in
7328:"Giant Solar Farm Capacity Doubling Inside 12 Months Breaking 12 GW"
7151:
6855:"Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council"
4997:
2521:
9806:
9796:
9771:
8574:"New French solar farm, Europe's biggest, cheaper than new nuclear"
8352:"Largest photovoltaic power plant in Israel to commence operations"
7931:
7256:. EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from
6668:
6411:"Indian PV auction delivers final record low price of $ 0.0269/kWh"
5258:"World's Largest Community-Owned Solar Project Launches in England"
3145:"Statistics about selected locations for utility-scale solar parks"
2327:
1379:
1366:
548:
474:
seldom justifies the increased cost and complexity of this design.
432:
323:
134:
48:
8559:"Solar Star, Largest PV Power Plant in the World, Now Operational"
7964:"The world's largest photovoltaic solar power plant is in Pocking"
7482:"IBC Solar completes grid connection for 13.8MW German solar park"
3387:
3366:"Person County Solar Park Makes Best Use of Solar Power and Sheep"
1353:
Geographically the states with the largest installed capacity are
1149:
851:
9811:
8599:"Enel Starts Production at its Largest Solar PV Project in Chile"
8341:, Reuters, Rebekah Kebede, 9 October 2012 Retrieved 13 April 2013
7003:
Department for Resources, Energy and Tourism (11 December 2009).
3976:
2687:
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Athens, Greece
2507:
2464:
2293:
2109:
2061:
1343:
844:
in most parts of the world and become a mainstream power source.
747:
360:
8836:
6971:
574:
8729:
7306:"Utility-scale solar breaks all records in 2014 to reach 36 GW"
6232:"Brazil Solar Power Auction May Spur $ 1 Billion in Investment"
5597:
Chiu, Allyson; Guskin, Emily; Clement, Scott (3 October 2023).
5302:"independent power producer (IPP), non-utility generator (NUG)"
4261:"A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing"
3501:
2460:
2368:
Group of 32 co-located projects becomes the largest in Africa.
1937:
1432:
1201:
1178:
1125:
493:
266:
7740:"Jordan Eyes Power Storage as Next Step in Green Energy Drive"
6486:"5 breakthroughs that will make solar power cheaper than coal"
3672:"Smart Grid transmission scheme for Evacuation of Solar Power"
3434:
3168:"Estimating per unit area energy output from solar PV modules"
1989:
to become world's largest community-owned solar power station
4547:"Case study: German solar park chooses decentralized control"
3804:
2469:
2382:
2357:
2352:
1932:
1326:
1185:
211:, when a substantial volume of solar parks were constructed.
203:. Both have since been decommissioned (although a new plant,
141:(utility scale), with a combined capacity of over 220 GW
8539:. China State Power Investment Corporation. 14 December 2014
7862:
Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency
7836:
Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency
5279:
5033:
4268:
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (2009) 1800–1818
2684:
1346:
was opened officially in April 2012 and was at the time the
7669:"Acme Solar Commissions India's Cheapest Solar Power Plant"
7152:"Optimum Orientation of Solar Panels for Time-of-Use Rates"
5869:"Featured Array: Brewster Community Solar Garden® Facility"
5524:"juwi starts build on its first solar park in South Africa"
1702:
World's largest thin film plant. Extended to 52 MW in 2011
795:
is used to identify non-performing panels for replacement.
285:
5691:"The Switch to Solar at Coal Power Plants and Mines is On"
5121:"The Power of PV – Case Studies on Solar Parks in Eastern"
3297:
Solar Photovoltaic Projects in the Mainstream Power Market
2656:"Expanding Renewable Energy in Pakistan's Electricity Mix"
1146:
the capital investment such as the Investment Tax Credits
1140:
692:
is the world's largest community-owned solar power station
6343:"Brazil posts new world record low price for solar power"
6101:"Citigroup: Outlook for global solar is getting brighter"
4207:. Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland. Archived from
3565:"U.S. Landfills Are Getting a Second Life as Solar Farms"
3170:. National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and Education
680:
113:), which refers to the solar array's theoretical maximum
8699:"Noor Abu Dhabi solar plant begins commercial operation"
7808:. California Public Utilities Commission. Archived from
7794:. United States Geological Survey (USGS). November 2023.
7622:
IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News
4976:
3925:"First ever space-to-Earth solar power mission succeeds"
581:
is divided into blocks, each with a centralised inverter
551:. To maximise their efficiency, solar power plants also
3918:
3916:
8533:"World's Largest Hydro/PV Hybrid Project Synchronized"
8426:"Biggest Community-Owned Solar Array in US Now Online"
7556:"Gujarat Solar Park Inauguration at Charanka, Gujarat"
6874:"Assessment of National Renewable Energy Action Plans"
5096:"Performance Parameters for Grid-Connected PV Systems"
4925:
4326:. GeoModel Solar, Bratislava, Slovakia. Archived from
1551:
Europe's largest community-owned facility at the time
1108:
Renewable portfolio standards and supplier obligations
461:
6646:"Policymaker's Guide to Feed-in Tariff Policy Design"
4739:"Making waves: Inverters continue to push efficiency"
6738:"Solar Carve-Outs in Renewables Portfolio Standards"
6554:
4986:
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
3913:
2503:
427:
is made through a high voltage, three phase step up
347:, where there are 17 different generation projects;
8832:
Interactive mapping of worldwide projects over 10MW
8640:"Inaugurada planta de energía solar en Monte Plata"
7247:"Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014–2018"
6138:"Renewable energy auctions and trends beyond price"
6136:International Renewable Energy Agency (June 2019).
6018:
6016:
5958:"Introduction to the Balancing and Settlement Code"
5762:
5760:
4141:
4139:
3805:"ENFO entwickelt größtes Solarprojekt Deutschlands"
1803:Extension takes it to Europe's largest at the time
7643:"World's largest solar park launched in Karnataka"
7450:
7448:
7446:
7283:"Renewable Power, Policy, and the Cost of Capital"
7126:"What are time-of-use rates and how do they work?"
6532:Re-considering the economics of photovoltaic power
6073:. Deutsche Bank Markets Research. 6 January 2014.
5590:
5354:Deployment of utility-scale solar parks by company
3749:"First solar park set for Upington, Northern Cape"
3412:. German Renewable Energies Agency. Archived from
2343:Becomes South America's largest solar power plant
195:, at the end of 1982, followed in 1984 by a 5.2 MW
133:operating photovoltaic power stations surpassed 1
8572:Canellas, Claude; et al. (1 December 2015).
7285:. UNEP/BASE Sustainable Energy Finance Initiative
5596:
2146:Becomes largest plant in Australasia and Oceania
1760:World's largest at the time. Corresponds to 80 MW
1222:The dominant costs of solar power plants are the
9870:
8757:"Benban, Africa's largest solar park, completed"
7876:
7806:"California Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS)"
7780:
6529:
6013:
5757:
5550:"Saudi Arabia's Largest Solar Park Commissioned"
5496:
5494:
5377:"The Crowded Field of Solar Project Development"
4595:
4593:
4136:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3727:"Solar parks: maximising environmental benefits"
3344:"Solar parks: maximising environmental benefits"
2689:. EC Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 314.
2602:
2600:
2598:
2287:Becomes Australasia's largest solar power plant
746:Photovoltaic power stations occupy at least one
459:Many projects use mounting structures where the
191:solar park was built by Arco Solar at Lugo near
9553:
8725:"World's Largest Solar Power Plant Switched On"
8511:"SunEdison inaugurates 100MW Chile solar plant"
8499:, Greentechmedia, Eric Wesoff, 24 November 2014
7910:"Capacity rating for solar generating stations"
7443:
6904:"Project Helios: A brighter future for Greece?"
6562:"Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy"
6523:
6098:
4350:
4348:
4287:
4285:
4086:
4084:
3242:
3240:
1568:Europe's largest at the time; first under FITs
1150:International, national and regional programmes
852:Competitive energy costs of utility-scale solar
8298:
7763:"Solar Industry Learns Lessons in Spanish Sun"
7319:
6764:"Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program"
6068:"2014 Outlook: Let the Second Gold Rush Begin"
5643:"Τα "κομμάτια του πάζλ" μιας επένδυσης σε Φ/Β"
4602:"Inverter technology drives lower solar costs"
3637:
3635:
3410:"Solar Parks – Opportunities for Biodiversity"
2825:
2823:
370:To avoid land use altogether, in 2022, a 5 MW
9746:List of countries by photovoltaics production
9423:Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One
8852:
7241:
7239:
6974:"The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission"
6833:"Business Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC)"
6769:. US DOE Loan Guarantee Program Office (LGPO)
6530:Morgan Baziliana; et al. (17 May 2012).
5491:
5473:"Aylesford – Certificate for grid connection"
4590:
4566:
4564:
3964:
3944:
3942:
3889:
3792:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3009:
2595:
1325:is the world's largest solar park located in
1253:where ground-mounted PV systems are favored.
1226:, and therefore any associated financing and
1104:help the power producer finance the project.
8067:"DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center"
7737:
7224:. European Photovoltaic Industry Association
6811:"Production Tax Credit for Renewable Energy"
6001:. UK Department of Energy and Climate Change
5822:"IT for Renewable energy sources management"
5089:
5087:
4541:
4539:
4345:
4282:
4202:"Best Practice Guide for Photovoltaics (PV)"
4081:
3237:
2923:
2921:
2850:
2848:
2800:
2798:
2783:. Bundesumweltministerium(BMU). 21 July 2004
1965:First utility-scale plants in South America
1409:sought to beat that figure and aim for 20%.
1126:Loan guarantees and other capital incentives
774:
9228:Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector
7713:"103 MW solar plant comes online in Jordan"
7586:"State wise installed solar power capacity"
7005:"Solar Flagships Program Open for Business"
6621:"Taxes and Incentives for renewable energy"
6389:"New Record-Low Solar Price Bid – 1.3¢/kWh"
5800:A Survey of Current Knowledge and Practices
5251:
5249:
4788:
4786:
4711:. Dillon Consulting Limited. Archived from
4049:
3922:
3875:"Golmud Desert Solar Park – satellite view"
3632:
3571:
3508:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition
2820:
1822:Asia's largest (outside China) at the time
902:Renewable Energy Project Development Office
438:
105:of photovoltaic power stations is rated in
9101:Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells
8859:
8845:
8320:
7901:
7236:
7128:. Pacific Gas and Electric. Archived from
6185:"Performance of Renewable Energy Auctions"
6182:
5802:. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
5399:"Leadership across the Entire Value Chain"
4767:. General Electric Company. Archived from
4561:
4382:"Nellis Air Force Base Solar Power System"
3939:
3580:"The world's largest solar power stations"
3276:
3132:
2987:
2965:
2898:
2896:
1012:Directorate-General for Energy and Geology
717:engineering, procurement, and construction
8637:
8069:. Florida Power and Light. Archived from
7994:. United States Air Force. Archived from
7989:"Nellis Airforce Base solar power system"
7760:
7400:
7398:
7396:
5999:"Electricity network delivery and access"
5787:
5785:
5770:. Conserve Energy Future. 20 January 2013
5419:
5084:
4961:
4951:
4536:
4291:
3519:
3470:
3460:
3031:
2943:
2918:
2845:
2795:
2768:
2766:
2708:
2706:
2704:
1628:World's and Europe's largest at the time
9563:Grid-connected photovoltaic power system
8571:
7058:. Ministry of Energy and Water Resources
6901:
6538:(Report). United Nations. Archived from
5246:
4783:
4741:. Renewable Energy World. Archived from
4308:
3923:Cuthbertson, Anthony (18 January 2024).
3900:
3772:"Large clusters of solar power stations"
3548:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
3542:Harshavardhan Dinesh, Joshua M. Pearce,
3190:"Screening Sites for Solar PV Potential"
3058:
3056:
1884:World's largest solar plant at the time
1448:
1373:, along with Pakistan. In May 2018, the
1347:
1317:
1299:
1207:
823:
737:
684:
636:
573:
569:
487:
363:state of India a single solar park, the
303:
244:
175:
73:grid-connected photovoltaic power system
38:
9530:Victorian Model Solar Vehicle Challenge
9525:Hunt-Winston School Solar Car Challenge
8674:
7533:"German PV Funding Up in the Air Again"
6363:
5925:
3681:. Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University
2893:
2217:Becomes largest plant in South America
2051:World's largest solar park at the time
1903:Becomes Europe's largest solar cluster
1505:Lugo, San Bernardino County, California
1141:Tax credits and other fiscal incentives
1077:
519:
415:converts the array's power output from
386:
214:Several hundred installations over 1 MW
75:(PV system) designed for the supply of
14:
9871:
8326:
7430:. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
7393:
7381:. Northwest China Grid Company Limited
7379:"Northwest China Grid Company Limited"
6972:Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
6648:. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
6595:"Priorities for low carbon transition"
6434:"Solar panels to keep getting cheaper"
6386:
5978:
5782:
5717:"Not All O&M Agreements Are Alike"
5226:
5224:
5185:. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
4362:. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
4354:
4258:
3867:
3091:"Dubai readies for 1,000MW Solar Park"
2763:
2701:
2680:
2678:
2676:
1460:
1084:Financial incentives for photovoltaics
681:The business of developing solar parks
240:
8840:
8656:. ENEL Green Power. 18 September 2017
8601:. Renewable Energy World. 31 May 2016
8508:
7761:Rosenthal, Elisabeth (8 March 2010).
7578:
7479:
6980:. Government of India. Archived from
6592:
6431:
6252:
6229:
6080:from the original on 29 November 2014
4896:
4736:
4118:"Solar cells and photovoltaic arrays"
3935:from the original on 19 January 2024.
3849:"Qinghai leads in photovoltaic power"
3827:"Solarpark Neuhardenberg – site plan"
3322:"Solar Radiation on a Tilted Surface"
3293:
3088:
3053:
2609:"Utility-scale solar sets new record"
2606:
2075:Largest in South America at the time
2006:Biggest community-owned plant in USA
1487:
1167:National Renewable Energy Action Plan
968:Agencia Nacional de Energía Eléctrica
671:
626:
477:
355:with total reported capacity over 500
9851:
8638:Francisco, Mayelin (30 March 2016).
8423:
7325:
7194:
6902:Williams, Andrew (3 November 2011).
6457:
6048:. European Commission. 23 April 2009
5609:from the original on 3 October 2023.
5374:
4919:
4194:
3608:"Addendum to conditional use permit"
3544:The potential of agrivoltaic systems
3257:. Solar Pro Magazine. Archived from
3199:. US Environmental Protection Agency
2542:List of solar thermal power stations
2432:Largest solar park in North America
2104:Longyangxia PV/Hydro power project,
2026:Largest solar power plant in Africa
733:
164:fell significantly in the 2010s and
32:List of solar thermal power stations
9568:List of photovoltaic power stations
8677:"Top 35 Solar Project in Australia"
8561:. GreenTechMedia.com. 24 June 2015.
8470:
8327:Leader, Jessica (10 October 2012).
7858:"Arizona Energy Portfolio Standard"
6929:"Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)"
6871:
6574:from the original on 1 October 2014
6483:
6234:. Renewable Energy World. Bloomberg
6026:. European Renewable Energy Council
5221:
5183:"Outdoor PV Degradation Comparison"
4852:"Long Island Solar Farm Goes Live!"
4824:
4599:
4500:"Understanding Inverter Strategies"
4145:
4031:"To Track or Not To Track, Part II"
2673:
2547:List of photovoltaic power stations
2237:Largest PV plant in The Caribbean.
1909:Greenhough River, Western Australia
1496:
1467:List of photovoltaic power stations
1382:Rajasthan Bhadla solar power park.
1348:largest group of solar power plants
589:
534:
224:list of photovoltaic power stations
24:
9584:Rooftop photovoltaic power station
8987:Polycrystalline silicon (multi-Si)
8936:Third-generation photovoltaic cell
8119:"Sarnia Solar Project celebration"
7832:"Nevada Energy Portfolio Standard"
7788:"U.S. Solar Photovoltaic Database"
6506:
6413:. Focus Technica. 22 December 2020
6387:Shahan, Zachary (30 August 2020).
6230:Dezem, Vanessa (31 October 2014).
6099:Giles Parkinson (13 August 2014).
5714:
5255:
5093:
4875:"Analysis of Transformer Failures"
4441:
3909:from the original on 22 July 2022.
3679:Workshop on smart grid development
3300:. Oxford: Routledge. p. 240.
2774:"The Renewable Energy Sources Act"
2712:
2438:Kalyon Karapınar Solar Power Plant
2258:Largest PV plant in South America
1092:
771:to reuse existing infrastructure.
758:
25:
9910:
9589:Building-integrated photovoltaics
9086:Carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics
8992:Monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si)
8866:
8825:
8737:from the original on 30 June 2019
8705:from the original on 30 June 2019
8675:Mesbahi, Mina (8 February 2019).
7907:
7480:Olson, Syanne (14 January 2011).
7326:Hill, Joshua (22 February 2013).
7174:"The Optimum Financing Structure"
6253:Gorey, Colm (11 September 2020).
5420:Englander, Daniel (18 May 2009).
5234:. Westmill Solar Co-operative Ltd
4794:"Planning aspects of solar parks"
4259:Mousazadeh, Hossain; et al.
4234:"PV Energy Conversion Efficiency"
4094:. Meridian Energy. Archived from
3769:
3644:"The world's largest solar parks"
3641:
3577:
3255:Technical Questions & Answers
3165:
3089:Olson, Syanne (10 January 2012).
1923:Australasia's first 10 MW+ plant
946:Solar Energy Corporation of India
798:
703:(IPP's), though some are held by
496:uses pole-mounted 2-axis trackers
299:
83:because they supply power at the
9850:
9839:
9838:
8961:Polarizing organic photovoltaics
8796:
8774:
8749:
8717:
8691:
8668:
8646:
8631:
8613:
8591:
8565:
8551:
8525:
8502:
8490:
8464:
8443:
8424:Ayre, James (27 December 2012).
8417:
8395:
8370:
8344:
8266:
8236:
8210:
8184:
8162:
8137:
8111:
8085:
8059:
8034:
8013:
7981:
7956:
7924:
7850:
7824:
7798:
7754:
7731:
7705:
7682:
7661:
7635:
7610:
7548:
7525:
7507:"Eastern Germany's sunny future"
7499:
7473:
7420:
7371:
7345:
7298:
7275:
7214:
7188:
7166:
7144:
7118:
7092:
7070:
7048:
7022:
6996:
6965:
6943:
6921:
6895:
6865:
6847:
6825:
6803:
6781:
6756:
6730:
6705:
6683:
6661:
6638:
6613:
6586:
6500:
6477:
6451:
6425:
6403:
6380:
6357:
6335:
6313:
6291:
6269:
6246:
6223:
6176:
6129:
6115:
6092:
6060:
6038:
5991:
5972:
5950:
5903:
5890:"Featured Array: Strain Ranches"
5882:
5861:
5839:
5814:
5731:
5708:
5683:
5661:
5635:
5613:
5568:
5542:
5516:
5465:
5439:
5413:
5391:
5368:
5206:"New Industry Leading Warrantee"
4765:"1 MW Brilliance Solar Inverter"
4314:
4294:"Solar Trackers: Facing the Sun"
3901:Frangoul, Anmar (22 July 2022).
2557:List of solar cell manufacturers
2520:
2506:
2154:, Los Angeles County, California
1445:Solar power in the United States
1438:
9096:Cadmium telluride photovoltaics
8977:List of semiconductor materials
8274:"Gujarat's Charanka Solar Park"
8250:. 25 April 2012. Archived from
8244:"Gujarat's Charanka Solar Park"
7930:Note that nominal power may be
7562:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
7513:. Fortune magazine. 22 May 2007
6951:"CDM projects grouped in types"
6813:. Union of Concerned Scientists
5422:"Solar's New Important Players"
5375:Wang, Ucilia (27 August 2012).
5342:
5320:
5294:
5272:
5198:
5175:
5149:
5113:
5027:
4970:
4890:
4867:
4844:
4818:
4757:
4730:
4698:
4673:
4641:
4616:
4514:
4492:
4470:
4435:
4406:
4374:
4252:
4226:
4172:
4146:Kymakis, Emmanuel; et al.
4110:
4023:
3991:
3841:
3819:
3763:
3741:
3719:
3693:
3664:
3600:
3557:
3536:
3495:
3428:
3402:
3380:
3358:
3336:
3314:
3248:"Calculating Inter-Row Spacing"
3211:
3182:
3159:
3108:
3082:
2870:
2781:Bundesgesetzblatt 2004 I No. 40
2607:Wolfe, Philip (17 March 2020).
2552:List of photovoltaics companies
633:Photovoltaic system performance
601:
454:
276:
27:Large-scale photovoltaic system
9208:Incremental conductance method
9002:Copper indium gallium selenide
8951:Thermodynamic efficiency limit
8356:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
7938:, depending on the plant. See
7738:Brian Parkin (23 April 2018).
7690:"Top 10 Solar PV Power Plants"
6599:The politics of Climate Change
6364:Ombello, Carlo (8 July 2020).
5987:. Indian Institute of Science.
4979:"Solar Cell Efficiency Tables"
4522:"Photovoltaic micro-inverters"
4387:. US Air Force. Archived from
4292:Appleyard, David (June 2009).
3977:"Optimum Tilt of Solar Panels"
3751:. Frontier Market Intelligence
3388:"Person County Solar Park One"
2806:"Top 10 Solar PV power plants"
2745:"Topaz Solar Farm, California"
2737:
2648:
2626:
2413:Largest solar park in Algeria
2034:, Riverside County, California
1721:America's largest at the time
1609:America's largest at the time
1051:
351:, with eleven plants, and the
333:
13:
1:
9515:South African Solar Challenge
8306:"Agua Caliente Solar Project"
6740:. Dsire Solar. Archived from
6593:Wolfe, Philip (19 May 2009).
6345:. Business Green. 2 July 2019
6323:. IndustryAbout. 5 March 2019
5913:(Press release). 31 July 2012
5063:10.1016/j.solener.2010.04.009
4897:Myers, D R (September 2003).
4832:. International Energy Agency
4827:"Coordinated Voltage Control"
4799:. Ownergy Plc. Archived from
3066:. First Solar. Archived from
3017:"Solar parks map – Australia"
2588:
2487:Mula Photovoltaic Power Plant
2451:Largest solar park in Turkey
1596:Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada
1476:Noteworthy solar power plants
398:
9162:Photovoltaic mounting system
8451:"Sheikh Zayed site location"
7106:. Westmill Solar Cooperative
6872:Ragwitz, Mario; et al.
6458:Jago, Simon (6 March 2013).
5979:Mitavachan, H.; et al.
5768:"Advantages of Solar Energy"
4464:10.1016/j.energy.2010.02.050
3221:. SolarJuice. Archived from
2481:
2447:
2428:
2409:
2389:
2364:
2339:
2314:
2283:
2254:
2233:
2213:
2190:
2167:
2142:
2122:
2095:
2071:
2047:
2022:
2002:
1981:
1961:
1919:
1899:
1880:
1856:
1837:
1818:
1799:
1784:World's largest at the time
1780:
1756:
1738:Africa's first 10 MW+ plant
1734:
1717:
1698:
1679:
1660:
1647:Largest solar park in Japan
1643:
1624:
1605:
1583:
1564:
1547:
1534:World's largest at the time
1530:
1513:
1233:
1114:Renewable portfolio standard
809:transmission system operator
726:, grid connection approval,
529:Single axis tracking systems
339:co-located with wind farms.
7:
9879:Photovoltaic power stations
9167:Maximum power point tracker
8509:Woods, Lucy (9 June 2014).
8194:. CLP Group. Archived from
8042:"24 MW: SinAn, South Korea"
7304:
7078:"Investment in Solar Parks"
6718:. UK Energy Research Centre
6301:. Reuters. 22 November 2017
6183:World Bank (October 2014).
5743:Agua Caliente Solar Project
4953:10.1016/j.joule.2019.08.019
4654:. Invenergy. Archived from
4600:Lee, Leesa (2 March 2010).
3701:"E.ON's Solar PV Portfolio"
2831:"Solar parks map – Germany"
2636:. HelioCSP. 2 February 2020
2499:
2457:Núñez de Balboa solar plant
2199:Finis Terrae, María Elena,
2194:Largest PV plant in Europe
1987:Westmill Solar Co-operative
1948:Largest PV plant in Israel
1683:Asia's largest at the time
1664:Largest solar park in Iran
1281:Clean Development Mechanism
1175:Clean Development Mechanism
990:Abu Dhabi Power Corporation
832:, reduced the installation
701:independent power producers
150:independent power producers
90:This approach differs from
10:
9915:
9418:Solar panels on spacecraft
9265:Solar-powered refrigerator
9223:Concentrated photovoltaics
9203:Perturb and observe method
8982:Crystalline silicon (c-Si)
8121:. Enbridge. Archived from
8021:"The Olmedilla Solar Park"
6669:"What are Feed-in Tariffs"
6432:Aaron (23 November 2012).
6279:. Reuters. 11 October 2017
5094:Marion, B (); et al.
4315:Suri, Marcel; et al.
4153:. Elsevier. Archived from
3521:10.1016/j.rset.2021.100008
3219:"An overview of PV panels"
2995:"Solar parks map – Canada"
2973:"Solar parks map – France"
2173:world's largest solar farm
1994:San Miguel Power, Colorado
1890:Neuhardenberg, Brandenburg
1860:Asia's largest solar park
1464:
1442:
1416:
1398:Montalto di Castro project
1389:
1331:
1290:
1286:
1272:
1237:
1216:other support mechanisms.
1196:, and similar projects in
1192:, the Flagship Program in
1129:
1111:
1096:
1081:
1055:
818:Renewable Energy Directive
630:
481:
374:park was installed in the
284:is using the same area of
209:feed-in tariffs in Germany
171:
57:photovoltaic power station
29:
9834:
9754:
9738:
9729:
9607:
9576:
9542:
9462:
9446:
9400:
9359:
9257:
9250:
9195:
9124:
9116:Heterojunction solar cell
9091:Dye-sensitized solar cell
9051:
9040:
9015:
8969:
8931:Multi-junction solar cell
8921:Nominal power (Watt-peak)
8881:
8874:
7864:. US Department of Energy
7838:. US Department of Energy
6835:. US Department of Energy
6671:. Feed-in Tariffs Limited
5647:Greek Photovoltaics Guide
5576:"Large scale solar parks"
5159:. PV-Tech. Archived from
4124:. Alternative Energy News
4062:. Conergy. Archived from
4004:. WattSun. Archived from
3039:"Solar parks map – Italy"
2951:"Solar parks map – India"
2929:"Solar parks map – China"
2878:"An Early Focus on Solar"
2856:"Solar parks map – Spain"
2808:. SolarLab. 4 August 2023
2749:earthobservatory.nasa.gov
1841:Becomes Europe's largest
1403:
781:operation and maintenance
775:Operation and maintenance
769:coal-fired power stations
492:Bellpuig Solar Park near
183:built in Portugal in 2006
9599:Strasskirchen Solar Park
9490:American Solar Challenge
9336:Solar-powered flashlight
9323:Solar-powered calculator
9318:Solar cell phone charger
9007:Amorphous silicon (a-Si)
7456:"Leipziger Land project"
7408:(in German). Stadt Hemau
6693:. University of Michigan
5985:Renewable Energy Systems
5847:"Solar Park Maintenance"
5379:. Renewable Energy World
5328:"Investor-owned utility"
4649:"Sandringham Solar Farm"
4604:. Renewable Energy World
4480:. scientificamerican.com
4296:. Renewable Energy World
2723:10.1109/PVSC.1991.169280
2099:Largest plant in Africa
1412:
1385:
1313:
1268:
1034:Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam
553:vary the electrical load
439:Solar array arrangements
423:, and connection to the
92:concentrated solar power
9505:Frisian Solar Challenge
9475:List of solar car teams
9233:Space-based solar power
9213:Constant voltage method
9142:Solar charge controller
9028:Timeline of solar cells
9023:Growth of photovoltaics
8378:"Photovoltaic stations"
7953:Retrieved 13 April 2013
7702:Retrieved 13 April 2013
7545:Retrieved 13 April 2013
7440:Retrieved 13 April 2013
7357:CDM: Project activities
7295:Retrieved 13 April 2013
7009:Government of Australia
6488:. Mother Nature Network
6024:"Renewable electricity"
5218:Retrieved 13 April 2013
5195:Retrieved 13 April 2013
4887:Retrieved 13 April 2013
4864:Retrieved 13 April 2013
4624:"Solar Farm Fact Sheet"
4572:"Waldpolenz Solar Park"
4180:"Mounting solar panels"
3952:. OpenPR. 20 April 2011
3390:. Carolina Solar Energy
2904:"Solar parks map – USA"
2537:Growth of photovoltaics
2528:Renewable energy portal
1244:Growth of photovoltaics
840:(EPBT). It has reached
786:Solar plants' reliable
326:that is converted to a
233:and some more than 1 GW
101:In some countries, the
9495:Formula Sun Grand Prix
9327:Solar-powered fountain
9270:Solar air conditioning
9071:Quantum dot solar cell
9061:Nanocrystal solar cell
8956:Sun-free photovoltaics
8097:EDF Energies Nouvelles
7201:Renewable Energy World
6861:. European Commission.
6460:"Prices going one way"
6211:Cite journal requires
6164:Cite journal requires
5933:"PV Power Plants 2012"
5528:Renewable Energy Focus
5130:. CSun. Archived from
4706:"Woodville Solar Farm"
4574:. Juwi. Archived from
4423:. SunPower Corporation
3703:. E.On. Archived from
3294:Wolfe, Philip (2012).
2890:Retrieved 5 March 2015
2577:Solar power by country
1866:Agua Caliente, Arizona
1454:
1329:
1293:Solar power in Germany
1240:Solar power by country
743:
693:
645:
620:Long Island Solar Farm
582:
497:
315:
311:on a full landfill in
250:
184:
52:
45:Jännersdorf Solar Park
9485:World Solar Challenge
9308:Photovoltaic keyboard
9238:PV system performance
9111:Perovskite solar cell
8909:Solar cell efficiency
8471:WAM (18 April 2013).
7884:"Solar Parks mapping"
7195:Belfiore, Francesco.
7100:"Community ownership"
6883:. Fraunhofer Institut
5330:. The Free Dictionary
5232:"Westmill Solar Park"
4057:"3-phase transformer"
2880:. National Geographic
2419:Villanueva Solar Park
1953:Majes and Repartición
1452:
1321:
1208:Financial performance
824:Economics and finance
741:
688:
643:Glynn County, Georgia
640:
579:Waldpolenz Solar Park
577:
570:Centralized inverters
539:Solar panels produce
491:
431:of typically 10
403:Most solar parks are
322:is a repurposed used
307:
248:
179:
42:
9755:Individual producers
9463:Solar vehicle racing
9152:Solar micro-inverter
9081:Plasmonic solar cell
8926:Thin-film solar cell
8894:Photoelectric effect
8331:. huffingtonpost.com
8254:on 23 September 2017
8192:"Lopburi Solar Farm"
8073:on 15 September 2012
7176:. Green Rhino Energy
6859:Renewables Directive
6601:. The Policy Network
5477:Aylesford Solar Park
5282:. Alternative Energy
5280:"Alternative Energy"
4681:"McHenry Solar Farm"
2582:Theory of solar cell
2398:High Plateaus East,
2376:, Bhadlachuhron Ki,
2324:Cauchari Solar Plant
2303:United Arab Emirates
1590:the world's largest
1419:Solar power in Spain
1392:Solar power in Italy
1334:Solar power in India
1300:largest in the world
1275:Solar power in China
1163:Renewables Directive
1078:Incentive mechanisms
520:Single axis trackers
387:Solar farms in space
193:Hesperia, California
9351:Solar traffic light
9331:Solar-powered radio
9298:Solar-powered watch
9106:Printed solar panel
8941:Solar cell research
7560:Indian Solar Summit
5827:. inAccess Networks
5603:The Washington Post
5163:on 22 February 2015
5055:2010SoEn...84.1301P
4944:2019Joule...3.2303I
4502:. Solar Novus Today
4456:2010Ene....35.2511L
4011:on 22 November 2010
3453:2016NatSR...635070B
3197:Solar Decision Tree
2695:1984pvse.conf..314A
2567:Photovoltaic system
2228:Dominican Republic
2222:Monte Plata Solar,
1971:Westmill Solar Park
1478:
1461:Notable solar parks
1375:Pavagada Solar Park
1340:Charanka Solar Park
865:
838:energy payback time
788:solid-state systems
719:(EPC) contractors.
690:Westmill Solar Park
545:alternating current
345:Charanka Solar Park
241:Siting and land use
71:, is a large-scale
9387:The Quiet Achiever
9346:Solar street light
9293:Solar-powered pump
9066:Organic solar cell
8946:Thermophotovoltaic
8914:Quantum efficiency
8224:. 29 December 2011
8125:on 17 October 2012
8001:on 24 January 2013
7767:The New York Times
7647:The Economic Times
7618:"Full Page Reload"
7132:on 2 February 2014
6984:on 31 January 2018
6953:. UNEP Risø Centre
6744:on 21 October 2012
6511:. Climate Progress
6257:. Silicon Republic
5739:"Project Overview"
5578:. Know Your Planet
5556:. 15 February 2013
5530:. 19 February 2013
5128:Proceeding Renexpo
4745:on 1 February 2013
4737:Appleyard, David.
4718:on 3 February 2016
4661:on 3 February 2016
4394:on 24 January 2013
4092:"Popua Solar Farm"
4069:on 17 January 2022
3620:on 3 February 2016
3441:Scientific Reports
3264:on 21 October 2012
3064:"Topaz Solar Farm"
1689:Waldpolenz, Saxony
1474:
1455:
1330:
863:
744:
694:
672:System degradation
646:
627:System performance
583:
498:
478:Dual axis trackers
365:Gujarat Solar Park
316:
251:
185:
129:. As of 2018, the
103:nameplate capacity
59:, also known as a
53:
9866:
9865:
9830:
9829:
9725:
9724:
9538:
9537:
9413:Mauro Solar Riser
9408:Electric aircraft
9341:Solar-powered fan
9246:
9245:
9137:Balance of system
9125:System components
9076:Hybrid solar cell
9036:
9035:
8997:Cadmium telluride
8405:. 27 October 2012
8358:. 15 October 2019
7792:eerscmap.usgs.gov
7036:. 29 October 2012
6908:Solar Novus Today
6791:. GreenTech Media
5715:McHale, Maureen.
5350:"Owners and IPPs"
4938:(10): 2303–2321.
4854:. Blue Oak Energy
4037:. Greentech Solar
3729:. Natural England
3554:, 299–308 (2016).
3462:10.1038/srep35070
3346:. Natural England
3324:. PVEducation.org
3307:978-0-415-52048-5
2497:
2496:
2374:Bhadla Solar Park
2349:Benban Solar Park
2181:Cestas, Aquitaine
1847:Charanka, Gujarat
1429:Castile-La Mancha
1323:Bhadla Solar Park
1049:
1048:
993:AED fils 4.97/kWh
734:Planning approval
641:Power station in
616:Electricity grids
514:diffuse radiation
502:two-axis trackers
465:are mounted at a
393:photovoltaic cell
353:Golmud solar park
263:brown field sites
69:solar power plant
16:(Redirected from
9906:
9854:
9853:
9842:
9841:
9736:
9735:
9577:Building-mounted
9555:PV power station
9551:
9550:
9480:Solar challenges
9470:Solar car racing
9438:Solar Challenger
9428:Gossamer Penguin
9255:
9254:
9049:
9048:
8899:Solar irradiance
8879:
8878:
8861:
8854:
8847:
8838:
8837:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8814:
8800:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8789:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8767:
8753:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8742:
8721:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8710:
8695:
8689:
8688:
8686:
8684:
8672:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8650:
8644:
8643:
8635:
8629:
8628:
8617:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8606:
8595:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8584:
8569:
8563:
8562:
8555:
8549:
8548:
8546:
8544:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8506:
8500:
8494:
8488:
8487:
8485:
8483:
8468:
8462:
8461:
8459:
8457:
8447:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8436:
8421:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8410:
8399:
8393:
8392:
8387:
8385:
8374:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8363:
8348:
8342:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8324:
8318:
8317:
8315:
8313:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8291:
8286:on 13 March 2013
8285:
8279:. Archived from
8278:
8270:
8264:
8263:
8261:
8259:
8240:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8229:
8214:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8188:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8177:
8166:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8155:
8149:PVsolarChina.com
8141:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8115:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8104:
8089:
8083:
8082:
8080:
8078:
8063:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8046:
8038:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8027:
8017:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8006:
8000:
7993:
7985:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7974:
7960:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7928:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7905:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7891:
7880:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7854:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7843:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7802:
7796:
7795:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7758:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7735:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7724:
7709:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7665:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7614:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7597:
7590:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7552:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7529:
7523:
7522:
7520:
7518:
7503:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7466:
7460:
7452:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7424:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7402:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7375:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7353:"Project search"
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7323:
7317:
7316:
7310:
7302:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7262:
7251:
7243:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7229:
7218:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7192:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7170:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7148:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7111:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7052:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7026:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7015:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6978:Scheme documents
6969:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6958:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6925:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6888:
6878:
6869:
6863:
6862:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6829:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6768:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6717:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6642:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6625:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6573:
6566:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6527:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6464:Energy Live News
6455:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6361:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6350:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6214:
6209:
6207:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6189:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6167:
6162:
6160:
6152:
6150:
6148:
6142:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6079:
6072:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6020:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5886:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5826:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5797:
5789:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5764:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5695:dpfacilities.com
5687:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5546:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5498:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5253:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5228:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5202:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5136:
5125:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5100:
5091:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5072:on 27 March 2014
5071:
5065:. Archived from
5049:(7): 1301–1309.
5040:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5014:
5008:. Archived from
4983:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4955:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4903:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4871:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4798:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4771:on 15 April 2013
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4660:
4653:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4597:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4543:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4450:(6): 2511–2516.
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4418:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4386:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4352:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4332:
4321:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4289:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4265:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4214:on 24 March 2012
4213:
4206:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4160:on 17 April 2012
4159:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4088:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4061:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4003:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3973:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3898:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3801:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3776:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3676:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3612:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3555:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3523:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3474:
3464:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3291:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3252:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3225:on 30 April 2015
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3141:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2900:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2778:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2710:
2699:
2698:
2682:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2604:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2292:Noor Abu Dhabi,
1479:
1473:
866:
862:
724:planning consent
666:parasitic losses
595:String inverters
590:String inverters
557:peak power point
535:Power conversion
510:direct radiation
358:
205:Topaz Solar Farm
199:installation in
181:Serpa Solar Park
21:
9914:
9913:
9909:
9908:
9907:
9905:
9904:
9903:
9869:
9868:
9867:
9862:
9826:
9750:
9721:
9603:
9572:
9545:
9534:
9458:
9447:Water transport
9442:
9396:
9382:Solar golf cart
9355:
9313:Solar road stud
9242:
9196:System concepts
9191:
9120:
9043:
9032:
9011:
8965:
8870:
8865:
8828:
8823:
8822:
8812:
8810:
8802:
8801:
8797:
8787:
8785:
8784:. 19 March 2020
8780:
8779:
8775:
8765:
8763:
8755:
8754:
8750:
8740:
8738:
8723:
8722:
8718:
8708:
8706:
8697:
8696:
8692:
8682:
8680:
8673:
8669:
8659:
8657:
8652:
8651:
8647:
8636:
8632:
8619:
8618:
8614:
8604:
8602:
8597:
8596:
8592:
8582:
8580:
8570:
8566:
8557:
8556:
8552:
8542:
8540:
8531:
8530:
8526:
8516:
8514:
8507:
8503:
8495:
8491:
8481:
8479:
8469:
8465:
8455:
8453:
8449:
8448:
8444:
8434:
8432:
8422:
8418:
8408:
8406:
8401:
8400:
8396:
8383:
8381:
8380:. T-Solar Group
8376:
8375:
8371:
8361:
8359:
8350:
8349:
8345:
8334:
8332:
8325:
8321:
8311:
8309:
8304:
8303:
8299:
8289:
8287:
8283:
8276:
8272:
8271:
8267:
8257:
8255:
8242:
8241:
8237:
8227:
8225:
8216:
8215:
8211:
8201:
8199:
8198:on 13 June 2012
8190:
8189:
8185:
8175:
8173:
8168:
8167:
8163:
8153:
8151:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8128:
8126:
8117:
8116:
8112:
8102:
8100:
8091:
8090:
8086:
8076:
8074:
8065:
8064:
8060:
8050:
8048:
8044:
8040:
8039:
8035:
8025:
8023:
8019:
8018:
8014:
8004:
8002:
7998:
7991:
7987:
7986:
7982:
7972:
7970:
7962:
7961:
7957:
7946:
7944:
7939:
7929:
7925:
7915:
7913:
7908:Wolfe, Philip.
7906:
7902:
7889:
7887:
7882:
7881:
7877:
7867:
7865:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7841:
7839:
7830:
7829:
7825:
7815:
7813:
7812:on 7 March 2013
7804:
7803:
7799:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7771:
7769:
7759:
7755:
7745:
7743:
7742:. Bloomberg L.P
7736:
7732:
7722:
7720:
7719:. 26 April 2018
7711:
7710:
7706:
7695:
7693:
7688:
7687:
7683:
7673:
7671:
7667:
7666:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7641:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7624:
7616:
7615:
7611:
7601:
7599:
7598:on 12 July 2017
7595:
7588:
7584:
7583:
7579:
7569:
7567:
7566:on 25 June 2012
7554:
7553:
7549:
7538:
7536:
7531:
7530:
7526:
7516:
7514:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7490:
7488:
7478:
7474:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7444:
7433:
7431:
7426:
7425:
7421:
7411:
7409:
7404:
7403:
7394:
7384:
7382:
7377:
7376:
7372:
7362:
7360:
7351:
7350:
7346:
7336:
7334:
7324:
7320:
7308:
7303:
7299:
7288:
7286:
7281:
7280:
7276:
7266:
7264:
7263:on 25 June 2014
7260:
7249:
7245:
7244:
7237:
7227:
7225:
7220:
7219:
7215:
7205:
7203:
7193:
7189:
7179:
7177:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7157:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7135:
7133:
7124:
7123:
7119:
7109:
7107:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7083:
7081:
7080:. Solar Partner
7076:
7075:
7071:
7061:
7059:
7054:
7053:
7049:
7039:
7037:
7028:
7027:
7023:
7013:
7011:
7001:
6997:
6987:
6985:
6970:
6966:
6956:
6954:
6949:
6948:
6944:
6934:
6932:
6927:
6926:
6922:
6912:
6910:
6900:
6896:
6886:
6884:
6876:
6870:
6866:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6838:
6836:
6831:
6830:
6826:
6816:
6814:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6794:
6792:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6772:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6757:
6747:
6745:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6696:
6694:
6689:
6688:
6684:
6674:
6672:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6651:
6649:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6604:
6602:
6591:
6587:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6545:
6543:
6528:
6524:
6514:
6512:
6505:
6501:
6491:
6489:
6484:Burkart, Karl.
6482:
6478:
6468:
6466:
6456:
6452:
6442:
6440:
6430:
6426:
6416:
6414:
6409:
6408:
6404:
6394:
6392:
6391:. CleanTechnica
6385:
6381:
6371:
6369:
6368:. CleanTechnica
6362:
6358:
6348:
6346:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6326:
6324:
6319:
6318:
6314:
6304:
6302:
6297:
6296:
6292:
6282:
6280:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6260:
6258:
6251:
6247:
6237:
6235:
6228:
6224:
6212:
6210:
6201:
6200:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6181:
6177:
6165:
6163:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6130:
6125:. 5 March 2024.
6121:
6120:
6116:
6106:
6104:
6097:
6093:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6051:
6049:
6044:
6043:
6039:
6029:
6027:
6022:
6021:
6014:
6004:
6002:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5977:
5973:
5963:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5916:
5914:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5887:
5883:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5852:
5850:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5805:
5803:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5783:
5773:
5771:
5766:
5765:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5722:
5720:
5713:
5709:
5699:
5697:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5674:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5652:
5650:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5626:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5595:
5591:
5581:
5579:
5574:
5573:
5569:
5559:
5557:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5533:
5531:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5507:
5505:
5500:
5499:
5492:
5482:
5480:
5479:. AG Renewables
5471:
5470:
5466:
5456:
5454:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5430:
5428:
5418:
5414:
5404:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5380:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5311:
5309:
5308:. Energy Vortex
5300:
5299:
5295:
5285:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5229:
5222:
5211:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5188:
5186:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5166:
5164:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5137:on 8 April 2022
5134:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5038:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5015:on 11 June 2012
5012:
4998:10.1002/pip.880
4981:
4975:
4971:
4924:
4920:
4910:
4908:
4901:
4895:
4891:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4857:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4825:Larsson, Mats.
4823:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4784:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4746:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4607:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4581:
4579:
4578:on 3 March 2016
4570:
4569:
4562:
4552:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4537:
4527:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4505:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4355:Shingleton, J.
4353:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4333:on 8 March 2014
4330:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4243:
4241:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4137:
4127:
4125:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4098:on 16 June 2019
4090:
4089:
4082:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4035:Report Snapshot
4029:
4028:
4024:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3965:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3929:The Independent
3921:
3914:
3899:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3774:
3770:Wolfe, Philip.
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3707:on 7 March 2013
3699:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3655:
3653:
3646:
3642:Wolfe, Philip.
3640:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3582:
3578:Wolfe, Philip.
3576:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3541:
3537:
3500:
3496:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3292:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3166:Joshi, Amruta.
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3070:on 5 March 2013
3062:
3061:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2711:
2702:
2683:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2502:
2492:
2478:
2311:
2280:
2211:
2164:
2133:New South Wales
2120:
2044:
1877:
1770:Golmud, Qinghai
1763:
1754:
1744:Sarnia, Ontario
1708:DeSoto, Florida
1517:First MW plant
1489:
1469:
1463:
1447:
1441:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1394:
1388:
1336:
1316:
1295:
1289:
1277:
1271:
1260:
1251:Sunbelt markets
1246:
1238:Main articles:
1236:
1210:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1095:
1093:Feed-in tariffs
1086:
1080:
1060:
1054:
887:
882:
854:
836:as well as its
826:
801:
793:thermal imaging
777:
761:
759:Grid connection
736:
728:financial close
709:community-owned
683:
674:
635:
629:
613:
609:
604:
592:
572:
564:micro-inverters
537:
522:
486:
480:
457:
441:
401:
389:
356:
336:
302:
288:for both solar
279:
243:
236:
232:
221:
217:
198:
190:
174:
162:levelized costs
154:feed-in tariffs
144:
140:
131:world's largest
128:
123:
112:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9912:
9902:
9901:
9899:Power stations
9896:
9894:Infrastructure
9891:
9886:
9881:
9864:
9863:
9861:
9860:
9848:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9792:Solar Frontier
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9767:Hanwha Q CELLS
9764:
9758:
9756:
9752:
9751:
9749:
9748:
9742:
9740:
9733:
9727:
9726:
9723:
9722:
9720:
9719:
9714:
9712:United Kingdom
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9647:Czech Republic
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9613:
9611:
9605:
9604:
9602:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9580:
9578:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9570:
9565:
9559:
9557:
9548:
9540:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9466:
9464:
9460:
9459:
9457:
9456:
9450:
9448:
9444:
9443:
9441:
9440:
9435:
9433:Qinetiq Zephyr
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9404:
9402:
9398:
9397:
9395:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9363:
9361:
9360:Land transport
9357:
9356:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9287:
9285:Solar backpack
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9261:
9259:
9252:
9248:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9241:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9199:
9197:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9189:
9187:Synchronverter
9184:
9179:
9177:Solar shingles
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9147:Solar inverter
9144:
9139:
9134:
9128:
9126:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9057:
9055:
9046:
9038:
9037:
9034:
9033:
9031:
9030:
9025:
9019:
9017:
9013:
9012:
9010:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8973:
8971:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8917:
8916:
8906:
8904:Solar constant
8901:
8896:
8891:
8885:
8883:
8876:
8872:
8871:
8864:
8863:
8856:
8849:
8841:
8835:
8834:
8827:
8826:External links
8824:
8821:
8820:
8795:
8773:
8748:
8716:
8690:
8667:
8645:
8630:
8612:
8590:
8564:
8550:
8537:Corporate News
8524:
8501:
8489:
8463:
8442:
8430:Clean Technica
8416:
8394:
8369:
8343:
8319:
8297:
8265:
8248:Energy Insight
8235:
8222:Clean Technica
8209:
8183:
8161:
8136:
8110:
8099:. 23 July 2008
8084:
8058:
8033:
8012:
7980:
7955:
7923:
7900:
7875:
7849:
7823:
7797:
7779:
7753:
7730:
7704:
7681:
7660:
7649:. 1 March 2018
7634:
7609:
7577:
7547:
7524:
7511:Michael Dumiak
7498:
7472:
7442:
7419:
7392:
7370:
7344:
7332:Clean Technica
7318:
7313:wiki-solar.org
7297:
7274:
7235:
7213:
7187:
7165:
7143:
7117:
7091:
7069:
7056:"Solar Energy"
7047:
7021:
6995:
6964:
6942:
6920:
6894:
6864:
6846:
6824:
6802:
6780:
6755:
6729:
6704:
6682:
6660:
6637:
6612:
6585:
6553:
6542:on 16 May 2016
6522:
6507:Spross, Jeff.
6499:
6476:
6450:
6424:
6402:
6379:
6356:
6334:
6312:
6290:
6268:
6245:
6222:
6213:|journal=
6175:
6166:|journal=
6128:
6114:
6103:. RenewEconomy
6091:
6059:
6037:
6012:
5990:
5971:
5949:
5924:
5902:
5881:
5860:
5838:
5813:
5781:
5756:
5730:
5707:
5682:
5660:
5634:
5612:
5589:
5567:
5541:
5515:
5490:
5464:
5453:. 15 July 2011
5438:
5412:
5390:
5367:
5341:
5319:
5293:
5271:
5256:Grover, Sami.
5245:
5220:
5197:
5174:
5148:
5112:
5083:
5026:
4969:
4918:
4889:
4866:
4843:
4817:
4806:on 14 May 2014
4782:
4756:
4729:
4697:
4672:
4640:
4615:
4589:
4560:
4535:
4513:
4491:
4469:
4434:
4405:
4373:
4344:
4307:
4281:
4251:
4225:
4193:
4171:
4135:
4109:
4080:
4048:
4022:
3990:
3963:
3938:
3912:
3888:
3866:
3855:. 2 March 2012
3840:
3818:
3791:
3762:
3740:
3718:
3692:
3663:
3631:
3599:
3570:
3567:. 2 June 2022.
3556:
3535:
3494:
3427:
3416:on 1 July 2013
3401:
3379:
3357:
3335:
3313:
3306:
3275:
3236:
3210:
3181:
3158:
3131:
3107:
3081:
3052:
3030:
3008:
2986:
2964:
2942:
2917:
2892:
2869:
2844:
2819:
2794:
2762:
2751:. 5 March 2015
2736:
2700:
2672:
2647:
2625:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2517:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:Sheikh Zayed,
2008:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:United Kingdom
1974:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1828:Perovo, Crimea
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:Setouchi Kirei
1630:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:Leipziger Land
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1486:
1483:
1465:Main article:
1462:
1459:
1443:Main article:
1440:
1437:
1417:Main article:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1390:Main article:
1387:
1384:
1363:Andhra Pradesh
1350:in the world.
1332:Main article:
1315:
1312:
1291:Main article:
1288:
1285:
1273:Main article:
1270:
1267:
1258:
1235:
1232:
1209:
1206:
1159:European Union
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1132:Loan guarantee
1130:Main article:
1127:
1124:
1112:Main article:
1109:
1106:
1099:Feed-in tariff
1097:Main article:
1094:
1091:
1082:Main article:
1079:
1076:
1056:Main article:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:Abu Dhabi, UAE
985:
981:
980:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
959:
958:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
937:
936:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
915:
914:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
893:
892:
889:
884:
879:
876:
873:
870:
853:
850:
825:
822:
800:
799:Power delivery
797:
776:
773:
760:
757:
735:
732:
682:
679:
673:
670:
631:Main article:
628:
625:
611:
607:
603:
600:
591:
588:
571:
568:
541:direct current
536:
533:
521:
518:
482:Main article:
479:
476:
456:
453:
440:
437:
413:solar inverter
405:ground mounted
400:
397:
388:
385:
372:floating solar
335:
332:
320:Solar landfill
301:
300:Solar landfill
298:
278:
275:
242:
239:
234:
230:
219:
215:
196:
188:
187:The first 1 MW
173:
170:
142:
138:
126:
121:
110:
77:merchant power
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9911:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9889:Photovoltaics
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9876:
9874:
9859:
9858:
9849:
9847:
9846:
9837:
9836:
9833:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9759:
9757:
9753:
9747:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9728:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9610:
9606:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9575:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9541:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9467:
9465:
9461:
9455:
9452:
9451:
9449:
9445:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9401:Air transport
9399:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9377:Solar roadway
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9367:Solar vehicle
9365:
9364:
9362:
9358:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9280:Solar charger
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9262:
9260:
9256:
9253:
9249:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9194:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9172:Solar tracker
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9129:
9127:
9123:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9058:
9056:
9054:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9039:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9020:
9018:
9014:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8968:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8915:
8912:
8911:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8889:Photovoltaics
8887:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8877:
8873:
8869:
8868:Photovoltaics
8862:
8857:
8855:
8850:
8848:
8843:
8842:
8839:
8833:
8830:
8829:
8809:
8805:
8799:
8783:
8777:
8762:
8758:
8752:
8736:
8732:
8731:
8726:
8720:
8704:
8700:
8694:
8678:
8671:
8655:
8649:
8641:
8634:
8626:
8622:
8616:
8600:
8594:
8579:
8575:
8568:
8560:
8554:
8538:
8534:
8528:
8512:
8505:
8498:
8493:
8478:
8474:
8467:
8452:
8446:
8431:
8427:
8420:
8404:
8398:
8391:
8379:
8373:
8357:
8353:
8347:
8330:
8323:
8308:. First Solar
8307:
8301:
8282:
8275:
8269:
8253:
8249:
8245:
8239:
8223:
8219:
8213:
8197:
8193:
8187:
8172:. SolarHybrid
8171:
8165:
8150:
8146:
8140:
8124:
8120:
8114:
8098:
8094:
8088:
8072:
8068:
8062:
8043:
8037:
8022:
8016:
7997:
7990:
7984:
7969:
7965:
7959:
7942:
7937:
7933:
7927:
7911:
7904:
7897:
7885:
7879:
7863:
7859:
7853:
7837:
7833:
7827:
7811:
7807:
7801:
7793:
7789:
7783:
7768:
7764:
7757:
7741:
7734:
7718:
7714:
7708:
7691:
7685:
7670:
7664:
7648:
7644:
7638:
7623:
7619:
7613:
7594:
7587:
7581:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7551:
7534:
7528:
7512:
7508:
7502:
7487:
7483:
7476:
7457:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7429:
7423:
7407:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7380:
7374:
7358:
7354:
7348:
7333:
7329:
7322:
7315:. Wiki-Solar.
7314:
7307:
7301:
7284:
7278:
7259:
7255:
7248:
7242:
7240:
7223:
7217:
7202:
7198:
7191:
7175:
7169:
7153:
7147:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7105:
7101:
7095:
7079:
7073:
7057:
7051:
7035:
7034:allAfrica.com
7031:
7025:
7010:
7006:
6999:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6968:
6952:
6946:
6930:
6924:
6909:
6905:
6898:
6882:
6875:
6868:
6860:
6856:
6850:
6834:
6828:
6812:
6806:
6790:
6784:
6765:
6759:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6714:
6708:
6692:
6686:
6670:
6664:
6647:
6641:
6622:
6616:
6600:
6596:
6589:
6570:
6567:. IEA. 2014.
6563:
6557:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6526:
6510:
6503:
6487:
6480:
6465:
6461:
6454:
6439:
6435:
6428:
6412:
6406:
6390:
6383:
6367:
6360:
6344:
6338:
6322:
6316:
6300:
6294:
6278:
6272:
6256:
6249:
6233:
6226:
6218:
6205:
6186:
6179:
6171:
6158:
6139:
6132:
6124:
6118:
6102:
6095:
6076:
6069:
6063:
6047:
6041:
6025:
6019:
6017:
6000:
5994:
5986:
5982:
5975:
5959:
5953:
5934:
5928:
5912:
5906:
5891:
5885:
5870:
5864:
5849:. BeBa Energy
5848:
5842:
5823:
5817:
5801:
5794:
5788:
5786:
5769:
5763:
5761:
5745:. First Solar
5744:
5740:
5734:
5718:
5711:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5670:
5664:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5622:
5616:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5577:
5571:
5555:
5554:Islamic Voice
5551:
5545:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5503:
5497:
5495:
5478:
5474:
5468:
5452:
5448:
5442:
5427:
5426:Seeking Alpha
5423:
5416:
5401:. First Solar
5400:
5394:
5378:
5371:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5329:
5323:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5281:
5275:
5259:
5252:
5250:
5233:
5227:
5225:
5207:
5201:
5184:
5178:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5133:
5129:
5122:
5116:
5097:
5090:
5088:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4964:
4963:11573/1625631
4959:
4954:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4922:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4876:
4870:
4853:
4847:
4828:
4821:
4802:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4714:
4707:
4701:
4682:
4676:
4657:
4650:
4644:
4625:
4619:
4603:
4596:
4594:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4549:. Solar Novus
4548:
4542:
4540:
4524:. SolarServer
4523:
4517:
4501:
4495:
4479:
4473:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4438:
4422:
4415:
4414:"T20 Tracker"
4409:
4390:
4383:
4377:
4358:
4351:
4349:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4295:
4288:
4286:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4181:
4175:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4140:
4123:
4122:Photovoltaics
4119:
4113:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4065:
4058:
4052:
4036:
4032:
4026:
4007:
4000:
3994:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3917:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3876:
3870:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3828:
3822:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3750:
3744:
3728:
3722:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3680:
3673:
3667:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3636:
3616:
3609:
3603:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3566:
3560:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3389:
3383:
3368:. solarenergy
3367:
3361:
3345:
3339:
3323:
3317:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3198:
3191:
3185:
3169:
3162:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3117:
3111:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3040:
3034:
3018:
3012:
2996:
2990:
2974:
2968:
2952:
2946:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2879:
2873:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2635:
2629:
2610:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Photovoltaics
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2514:Energy portal
2509:
2504:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Northern Cape
2083:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1973:, Oxfordshire
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1522:Carrisa Plain
1521:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:Commissioned
1493:
1488:Nominal power
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1439:United States
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1100:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
971:BRL 67.48/MWh
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
894:
890:
885:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
861:
858:
849:
845:
843:
839:
835:
834:cost per watt
831:
821:
819:
814:
810:
805:
796:
794:
789:
784:
782:
772:
770:
764:
756:
755:regulations.
754:
749:
740:
731:
729:
725:
720:
718:
712:
710:
706:
702:
697:
691:
687:
678:
669:
667:
661:
659:
654:
652:
644:
639:
634:
624:
621:
617:
599:
596:
587:
580:
576:
567:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
532:
530:
526:
517:
515:
511:
505:
503:
495:
494:Lerida, Spain
490:
485:
484:Solar tracker
475:
471:
468:
464:
463:
452:
450:
446:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:solar tracker
406:
396:
394:
384:
382:
381:hybridization
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
354:
350:
349:Neuhardenberg
346:
340:
331:
329:
325:
321:
314:
310:
306:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
274:
272:
268:
264:
259:
255:
247:
238:
227:
225:
212:
210:
206:
202:
201:Carrizo Plain
194:
182:
178:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
136:
132:
124:
116:
108:
107:megawatt-peak
104:
99:
97:
93:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9884:Solar energy
9856:
9843:
9822:Yingli Solar
9802:Sungen Solar
9777:Motech Solar
9731:PV companies
9692:South Africa
9554:
9543:
9510:Solar Splash
9251:Applications
9182:Solar mirror
9042:Photovoltaic
8811:. Retrieved
8807:
8798:
8786:. Retrieved
8776:
8764:. Retrieved
8760:
8751:
8739:. Retrieved
8728:
8719:
8707:. Retrieved
8693:
8681:. Retrieved
8679:. SolarPlaza
8670:
8658:. Retrieved
8648:
8633:
8624:
8615:
8603:. Retrieved
8593:
8581:. Retrieved
8577:
8567:
8553:
8541:. Retrieved
8536:
8527:
8515:. Retrieved
8504:
8492:
8480:. Retrieved
8476:
8466:
8454:. Retrieved
8445:
8433:. Retrieved
8429:
8419:
8407:. Retrieved
8397:
8389:
8382:. Retrieved
8372:
8360:. Retrieved
8355:
8346:
8333:. Retrieved
8322:
8310:. Retrieved
8300:
8288:. Retrieved
8281:the original
8268:
8256:. Retrieved
8252:the original
8247:
8238:
8226:. Retrieved
8221:
8212:
8200:. Retrieved
8196:the original
8186:
8174:. Retrieved
8164:
8152:. Retrieved
8148:
8139:
8127:. Retrieved
8123:the original
8113:
8101:. Retrieved
8096:
8087:
8075:. Retrieved
8071:the original
8061:
8049:. Retrieved
8036:
8024:. Retrieved
8015:
8003:. Retrieved
7996:the original
7983:
7971:. Retrieved
7968:Solar Server
7967:
7958:
7945:. Retrieved
7926:
7914:. Retrieved
7912:. Wiki-Solar
7903:
7895:
7888:. Retrieved
7886:. Wiki-Solar
7878:
7866:. Retrieved
7861:
7852:
7840:. Retrieved
7835:
7826:
7814:. Retrieved
7810:the original
7800:
7791:
7782:
7770:. Retrieved
7766:
7756:
7744:. Retrieved
7733:
7721:. Retrieved
7716:
7707:
7694:. Retrieved
7684:
7674:29 September
7672:. Retrieved
7663:
7651:. Retrieved
7646:
7637:
7625:. Retrieved
7621:
7612:
7600:. Retrieved
7593:the original
7580:
7568:. Retrieved
7564:the original
7559:
7550:
7537:. Retrieved
7527:
7515:. Retrieved
7510:
7501:
7489:. Retrieved
7485:
7475:
7463:. Retrieved
7432:. Retrieved
7422:
7410:. Retrieved
7383:. Retrieved
7373:
7361:. Retrieved
7356:
7347:
7335:. Retrieved
7331:
7321:
7312:
7300:
7287:. Retrieved
7277:
7265:. Retrieved
7258:the original
7253:
7226:. Retrieved
7216:
7204:. Retrieved
7200:
7190:
7178:. Retrieved
7168:
7156:. Retrieved
7146:
7134:. Retrieved
7130:the original
7120:
7108:. Retrieved
7103:
7094:
7082:. Retrieved
7072:
7060:. Retrieved
7050:
7038:. Retrieved
7033:
7024:
7012:. Retrieved
7008:
6998:
6986:. Retrieved
6982:the original
6977:
6967:
6955:. Retrieved
6945:
6933:. Retrieved
6923:
6911:. Retrieved
6907:
6897:
6885:. Retrieved
6880:
6867:
6858:
6849:
6837:. Retrieved
6827:
6815:. Retrieved
6805:
6793:. Retrieved
6783:
6771:. Retrieved
6758:
6746:. Retrieved
6742:the original
6732:
6720:. Retrieved
6707:
6695:. Retrieved
6685:
6673:. Retrieved
6663:
6650:. Retrieved
6640:
6628:. Retrieved
6615:
6603:. Retrieved
6598:
6588:
6576:. Retrieved
6556:
6544:. Retrieved
6540:the original
6535:
6525:
6513:. Retrieved
6502:
6490:. Retrieved
6479:
6467:. Retrieved
6463:
6453:
6441:. Retrieved
6437:
6427:
6415:. Retrieved
6405:
6393:. Retrieved
6382:
6370:. Retrieved
6359:
6347:. Retrieved
6337:
6325:. Retrieved
6315:
6303:. Retrieved
6293:
6281:. Retrieved
6271:
6259:. Retrieved
6248:
6236:. Retrieved
6225:
6204:cite journal
6192:. Retrieved
6178:
6157:cite journal
6145:. Retrieved
6131:
6117:
6105:. Retrieved
6094:
6082:. Retrieved
6062:
6050:. Retrieved
6040:
6028:. Retrieved
6003:. Retrieved
5993:
5984:
5974:
5962:. Retrieved
5952:
5940:. Retrieved
5938:. p. 35
5927:
5915:. Retrieved
5905:
5893:. Retrieved
5884:
5872:. Retrieved
5863:
5851:. Retrieved
5841:
5829:. Retrieved
5816:
5804:. Retrieved
5799:
5772:. Retrieved
5747:. Retrieved
5742:
5733:
5721:. Retrieved
5710:
5698:. Retrieved
5694:
5685:
5673:. Retrieved
5663:
5651:. Retrieved
5646:
5637:
5625:. Retrieved
5623:. Wiki-Solar
5615:
5602:
5592:
5580:. Retrieved
5570:
5558:. Retrieved
5553:
5544:
5532:. Retrieved
5527:
5518:
5506:. Retrieved
5481:. Retrieved
5476:
5467:
5455:. Retrieved
5451:Solar Hawaii
5450:
5441:
5429:. Retrieved
5425:
5415:
5403:. Retrieved
5393:
5381:. Retrieved
5370:
5358:. Retrieved
5356:. Wiki-Solar
5353:
5344:
5332:. Retrieved
5322:
5310:. Retrieved
5305:
5296:
5284:. Retrieved
5274:
5262:. Retrieved
5260:. Treehugger
5236:. Retrieved
5210:. Retrieved
5200:
5187:. Retrieved
5177:
5165:. Retrieved
5161:the original
5151:
5139:. Retrieved
5132:the original
5127:
5115:
5103:. Retrieved
5074:. Retrieved
5067:the original
5046:
5043:Solar Energy
5042:
5029:
5017:. Retrieved
5010:the original
4989:
4985:
4972:
4935:
4931:
4921:
4909:. Retrieved
4905:
4892:
4879:. Retrieved
4877:. BPL Global
4869:
4856:. Retrieved
4846:
4834:. Retrieved
4820:
4808:. Retrieved
4801:the original
4773:. Retrieved
4769:the original
4759:
4747:. Retrieved
4743:the original
4732:
4720:. Retrieved
4713:the original
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4675:
4663:. Retrieved
4656:the original
4643:
4631:. Retrieved
4618:
4606:. Retrieved
4580:. Retrieved
4576:the original
4551:. Retrieved
4526:. Retrieved
4516:
4504:. Retrieved
4494:
4482:. Retrieved
4472:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4425:. Retrieved
4420:
4408:
4396:. Retrieved
4389:the original
4376:
4364:. Retrieved
4335:. Retrieved
4328:the original
4323:
4310:
4298:. Retrieved
4272:. Retrieved
4267:
4254:
4242:. Retrieved
4238:Solar Energy
4237:
4228:
4216:. Retrieved
4209:the original
4196:
4184:. Retrieved
4174:
4162:. Retrieved
4155:the original
4126:. Retrieved
4121:
4112:
4100:. Retrieved
4096:the original
4071:. Retrieved
4064:the original
4051:
4039:. Retrieved
4034:
4025:
4013:. Retrieved
4006:the original
3993:
3981:. Retrieved
3954:. Retrieved
3928:
3879:. Retrieved
3877:. Wiki-Solar
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3852:
3843:
3831:. Retrieved
3829:. Wiki-Solar
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3782:. Retrieved
3778:
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3721:
3709:. Retrieved
3705:the original
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3678:
3666:
3654:. Retrieved
3650:
3622:. Retrieved
3615:the original
3602:
3590:. Retrieved
3586:
3573:
3559:
3551:
3547:
3538:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3447:(1): 35070.
3444:
3440:
3430:
3418:. Retrieved
3414:the original
3404:
3392:. Retrieved
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3316:
3296:
3266:. Retrieved
3259:the original
3254:
3227:. Retrieved
3223:the original
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3196:
3184:
3172:. Retrieved
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3147:. Wiki-Solar
3122:. Retrieved
3110:
3098:. Retrieved
3094:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3068:the original
3043:. Retrieved
3041:. Wiki-Solar
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
3019:. Wiki-Solar
3011:
2999:. Retrieved
2997:. Wiki-Solar
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2975:. Wiki-Solar
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2953:. Wiki-Solar
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2931:. Wiki-Solar
2908:. Retrieved
2906:. Wiki-Solar
2882:. Retrieved
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2858:. Wiki-Solar
2835:. Retrieved
2833:. Wiki-Solar
2810:. Retrieved
2785:. Retrieved
2780:
2753:. Retrieved
2748:
2739:
2714:
2686:
2663:. Retrieved
2659:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2614:. Wiki-Solar
2572:Solar energy
2268:Port Augusta
2246:, São Paulo
2171:Becomes the
2090:South Africa
1985:Acquired by
1475:
1470:
1456:
1422:
1407:
1395:
1365:with over 2
1352:
1337:
1308:East Germany
1296:
1278:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1228:depreciation
1224:capital cost
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1198:South Africa
1183:
1172:
1156:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1121:
1117:
1102:
1087:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1037:INR 1.99/kWh
1015:€0.01114/kWh
949:INR 2.44/kWh
927:US$ 17.7/MWh
905:US$ 17.9/MWh
899:Saudi Arabia
878:Lowest price
859:
855:
848:reductions.
846:
827:
806:
802:
785:
778:
765:
762:
745:
721:
713:
698:
695:
675:
662:
655:
647:
605:
602:Transformers
593:
584:
561:
538:
527:
523:
506:
499:
472:
462:solar panels
460:
458:
455:Fixed arrays
449:solar panels
445:solar arrays
442:
425:utility grid
402:
390:
369:
341:
337:
330:solar farm.
317:
313:Rehoboth, MA
309:Solar arrays
290:photovoltaic
282:Agrivoltaics
280:
277:Agrivoltaics
260:
256:
252:
228:
213:
186:
147:
100:
96:photovoltaic
89:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
43:The 40.5 MW
36:
9817:Trina Solar
9762:First Solar
9702:Switzerland
9682:Netherlands
9520:Tour de Sol
9218:Fill factor
9157:Solar cable
9132:Solar panel
9053:Solar cells
8813:28 February
8766:29 November
7717:PV magazine
7653:24 February
7627:24 February
7602:24 November
7535:. SolarBuzz
7062:30 December
7040:30 December
7014:30 December
6988:30 December
6935:30 December
6839:21 February
6773:21 February
6748:30 December
6546:20 November
6084:22 November
5964:30 December
5806:30 December
5723:30 December
5700:17 November
5675:30 December
5653:30 December
5627:30 December
5504:. SunEdison
5431:30 December
5383:30 December
5334:30 December
5312:30 December
5264:30 December
5238:30 December
5208:. REC Group
5019:30 December
4911:30 December
4608:30 December
4366:30 December
4337:30 December
4274:30 December
4218:30 December
4164:30 December
3859:21 February
3853:China Daily
3811:28 December
3100:21 February
2242:Ituverava,
2234:March 2016
2224:Monte Plata
2082:Postmasburg
1790:Finow Tower
1726:La Roseraye
1425:Extremadura
1371:Thar Desert
1263:633 GW
1058:Grid parity
1052:Grid parity
842:grid parity
711:utilities.
610:up to 800 V
435:and above.
429:transformer
376:Alqueva Dam
334:Co-location
328:solar array
294:agriculture
271:heat island
166:grid parity
158:tax credits
81:solar power
18:Solar farms
9873:Categories
9739:By country
9609:By country
9544:Generation
9454:Solar boat
9303:Solar Tuki
9289:Solar tree
9275:Solar lamp
9258:Appliances
8882:Technology
8482:13 January
8435:13 January
8362:28 October
8228:13 January
7517:15 January
7154:. Macs Lab
6881:REPAP 2020
6443:13 January
6438:Evo Energy
5306:Dictionary
4421:Data sheet
4270:. Elsevier
4240:. Solarlux
3983:19 October
3979:. MACS Lab
3779:Wiki-Solar
3651:Wiki-Solar
3587:Wiki-Solar
3514:: 100008.
2755:11 October
2660:World Bank
2589:References
2485:Overtakes
2351:, Benban,
2273:Australia
2152:Solar Star
2056:Amanacer,
2017:Mauritania
2013:Nouakchott
891:Reference
888:€/MWh 2022
886:Equivalent
881:Equivalent
830:efficiency
658:solar cell
508:levels of
399:Technology
292:power and
65:solar farm
61:solar park
9617:Australia
9594:Solar Ark
9500:Solar Cup
9392:Sunmobile
9372:Solar car
8970:Materials
8808:Iberdrola
8513:. PV-Tech
8477:Gulf News
8312:31 August
8258:30 August
8202:30 August
8176:30 August
8154:30 August
8129:30 August
8103:30 August
8077:30 August
8051:30 August
8047:. Conergy
8026:30 August
8005:30 August
7973:30 August
7943:. PV-Tech
7916:22 August
7692:. InterPV
6817:30 August
6578:7 October
6536:UN-Energy
6417:8 January
6395:8 January
6372:8 January
6349:8 January
6327:8 January
6305:8 January
6283:8 January
6261:8 January
6238:8 January
6194:8 January
6147:8 January
6107:18 August
5719:. InterPV
5671:. Ausgrid
5649:. Renelux
5105:30 August
4992:: 85–94.
4182:. 24 volt
4015:30 August
3807:. Enfo AG
3530:239061813
3350:30 August
2731:120166422
2482:Mar 2020
2390:Mar 2020
2387:2,245 MW
2378:Rajasthan
2365:Oct 2019
2362:1,500 MW
2340:Oct 2019
2333:Argentina
2315:Jun 2019
2298:Abu Dhabi
2284:Nov 2018
2255:Sep 2017
2244:Ituverava
2201:Tocopilla
2137:Australia
1945:Jan 2020
1914:Australia
1615:Olmedilla
1359:Rajasthan
1355:Telangana
1234:Geography
1194:Australia
705:investor-
549:inverters
160:, but as
51:, Germany
9845:Category
9807:Sunpower
9797:Solyndra
9772:JA Solar
9707:Thailand
9627:Bulgaria
8875:Concepts
8788:20 March
8761:ebrd.com
8735:Archived
8703:Archived
8660:13 March
8456:19 April
8409:19 April
8335:22 April
7947:22 April
7746:23 April
7723:28 April
7696:22 April
7539:22 April
7465:13 April
7461:. Geosol
7434:22 April
7412:13 April
7385:22 April
7359:. UNFCCC
7289:22 April
7254:epia.org
7228:13 April
7158:22 April
6931:. UNFCCC
6697:22 April
6652:22 April
6569:Archived
6515:22 April
6075:Archived
5960:. Elexon
5607:Archived
5212:22 April
5189:22 April
5167:22 April
5006:96129300
4881:22 April
4858:22 April
4836:13 April
4810:13 April
4775:13 April
4749:13 April
4722:13 April
4690:13 April
4665:13 April
4633:13 April
4582:13 April
4553:13 April
4528:13 April
4506:13 April
4427:14 April
4398:14 April
4102:22 April
3933:Archived
3907:Archived
3905:. CNBC.
3881:22 March
3833:22 March
3755:22 April
3733:22 April
3711:22 April
3624:22 April
3481:27733772
3420:22 April
3394:22 April
3372:22 April
3328:22 April
3045:22 March
3023:22 March
3001:22 March
2979:22 March
2957:22 March
2935:22 March
2910:22 March
2884:22 March
2862:22 March
2837:22 March
2812:9 August
2787:13 April
2717:. IEEE.
2500:See also
2445:1,350 MW
2328:Cauchari
2307:1,177 MW
2214:May 2016
2191:Dec 2015
2168:Jun 2015
2143:Jun 2015
2131:Nyngan,
2123:Dec 2014
2096:Nov 2014
2080:Jasper,
2072:Jan 2014
2048:Nov 2013
2023:Apr 2013
2003:Dec 2012
1982:Oct 2012
1962:Oct 2012
1929:Tze'elim
1920:Oct 2012
1900:Sep 2012
1881:Jul 2012
1857:Apr 2012
1838:Dec 2011
1819:Dec 2011
1813:Thailand
1800:Dec 2011
1781:Oct 2011
1757:Sep 2010
1735:Apr 2010
1718:Oct 2009
1699:Dec 2008
1680:Aug 2008
1625:Jul 2008
1606:Dec 2007
1584:Apr 2006
1565:Aug 2004
1548:Apr 2003
1531:Dec 1985
1514:Dec 1982
1485:Country
1028:Dec 2020
1009:Portugal
1006:Aug 2020
984:Jul 2020
962:Jul 2019
940:Mar 2019
918:Nov 2017
896:Oct 2017
324:landfill
135:gigawatt
49:Prignitz
9857:Commons
9812:Suntech
9687:Romania
9657:Germany
9622:Belgium
9546:systems
9016:History
8741:30 June
8709:30 June
8605:22 July
8583:1 March
8578:Reuters
8543:22 July
8517:22 July
7890:1 March
7868:7 March
7842:7 March
7816:7 March
7772:7 March
7570:7 March
7491:7 March
7486:PV-Tech
7363:7 March
7337:7 March
7267:12 June
7206:7 March
7180:7 March
7136:7 March
7110:7 March
7084:7 March
6957:7 March
6913:7 March
6887:7 March
6795:7 March
6722:7 March
6675:7 March
6630:7 March
6605:7 March
6492:7 March
6469:7 March
6052:7 March
6030:31 July
6005:7 March
5853:7 March
5831:7 March
5774:7 March
5749:7 March
5582:7 March
5560:7 March
5534:7 March
5508:7 March
5483:7 March
5457:7 March
5405:7 March
5360:5 March
5286:7 March
5141:5 March
5076:5 March
5051:Bibcode
4940:Bibcode
4452:Bibcode
4300:5 March
4244:5 March
4186:5 March
4128:5 March
4073:5 March
4041:5 March
3956:5 March
3685:5 March
3489:4587161
3472:5062079
3449:Bibcode
3268:5 March
3229:5 March
3203:5 March
3174:5 March
3151:5 March
3124:6 March
3095:PV-Tech
3074:2 March
2691:Bibcode
2665:17 July
2489:(450 MW
2465:Badajoz
2410:Unknown
2404:Algeria
2337:300 MW
2294:Sweihan
2264:Bungala
2252:210 MW
2249:Brazil
2110:Qinghai
2069:93.7 MW
2062:Atacama
2058:Copiapó
1942:120 MW
1894:Germany
1832:Ukraine
1809:Lopburi
1794:Germany
1729:Reunion
1693:Germany
1661:Unknown
1644:Unknown
1588:Briefly
1578:Germany
1574:Pocking
1559:Germany
1542:Germany
1344:Gujarat
1287:Germany
1177:of the
883:US¢/kWh
872:Country
813:curtail
748:hectare
651:soiling
361:Gujarat
172:History
85:utility
9662:Greece
9652:France
9632:Canada
9044:system
8730:Forbes
8683:11 May
8625:Acento
8384:16 May
6626:. KPMG
5101:. NREL
5004:
4629:. IEEE
4484:9 June
4444:Energy
3784:11 May
3656:11 May
3592:11 May
3528:
3487:
3479:
3469:
3304:
2729:
2640:11 May
2618:11 May
2474:500 MW
2461:Usagre
2442:Turkey
2426:828 MW
2423:Mexico
2276:220 MW
2231:30 MW
2208:138 MW
2188:300 MW
2185:France
2160:579 MW
2140:102 MW
2117:850 MW
2106:Gonghe
2040:550 MW
2000:1.1 MW
1938:Israel
1897:145 MW
1873:290 MW
1854:221 MW
1835:100 MW
1778:200 MW
1748:Canada
1652:Makran
1641:235 MW
1562:4.2 MW
1545:4.0 MW
1528:5.6 MW
1500:Notes
1433:Murcia
1404:Jordan
1302:. The
1202:Israel
1179:UNFCCC
965:Brazil
924:CENACE
921:Mexico
875:Agency
660:used.
357:
267:albedo
9787:Sharp
9697:Spain
9677:Japan
9672:Italy
9667:India
9642:China
9637:Chile
8290:3 May
8284:(PDF)
8277:(PDF)
8045:(PDF)
7999:(PDF)
7992:(PDF)
7596:(PDF)
7589:(PDF)
7459:(PDF)
7309:(PDF)
7261:(PDF)
7250:(PDF)
6877:(PDF)
6767:(PDF)
6716:(PDF)
6624:(PDF)
6572:(PDF)
6565:(PDF)
6188:(PDF)
6141:(PDF)
6078:(PDF)
6071:(PDF)
5942:3 May
5936:(PDF)
5917:3 May
5895:3 May
5874:3 May
5825:(PDF)
5796:(PDF)
5135:(PDF)
5124:(PDF)
5099:(PDF)
5070:(PDF)
5039:(PDF)
5013:(PDF)
5002:S2CID
4982:(PDF)
4932:Joule
4902:(PDF)
4830:(PDF)
4804:(PDF)
4797:(PDF)
4716:(PDF)
4709:(PDF)
4686:. ESA
4684:(PDF)
4659:(PDF)
4652:(PDF)
4627:(PDF)
4417:(PDF)
4392:(PDF)
4385:(PDF)
4360:(PDF)
4331:(PDF)
4320:(PDF)
4264:(PDF)
4212:(PDF)
4205:(PDF)
4158:(PDF)
4151:(PDF)
4067:(PDF)
4060:(PDF)
4009:(PDF)
4002:(PDF)
3775:(PDF)
3675:(PDF)
3647:(PDF)
3618:(PDF)
3611:(PDF)
3583:(PDF)
3526:S2CID
3485:S2CID
3262:(PDF)
3251:(PDF)
3193:(PDF)
3119:(PDF)
2777:(PDF)
2727:S2CID
2612:(PDF)
2470:Spain
2407:90 MW
2400:Adrar
2383:India
2358:Egypt
2353:Aswan
2270:, SA
2205:Chile
2114:China
2093:88 MW
2066:Chile
2032:Topaz
2020:15 MW
1959:22 MW
1933:Negev
1917:10 MW
1851:India
1816:73 MW
1797:85 MW
1775:China
1751:97 MW
1732:11 MW
1715:25 MW
1696:40 MW
1677:24 MW
1674:Korea
1670:Sinan
1658:20 MW
1638:Japan
1622:60 MW
1619:Spain
1603:14 MW
1581:10 MW
1539:Hemau
1482:Name
1413:Spain
1386:Italy
1327:India
1314:India
1269:China
1190:JNNSM
1186:India
1031:India
1018:1.327
974:1.752
943:India
467:fixed
67:, or
8815:2020
8790:2020
8768:2019
8743:2019
8711:2019
8685:2020
8662:2019
8607:2016
8585:2016
8545:2016
8519:2016
8484:2015
8458:2013
8437:2015
8411:2013
8386:2015
8364:2022
8337:2013
8314:2012
8292:2013
8260:2012
8230:2015
8204:2012
8178:2012
8156:2012
8131:2012
8105:2012
8079:2012
8053:2012
8028:2012
8007:2012
7975:2012
7949:2013
7918:2013
7892:2016
7870:2013
7844:2013
7818:2013
7774:2013
7748:2018
7725:2018
7698:2013
7676:2018
7655:2020
7629:2020
7604:2017
7572:2013
7541:2013
7519:2018
7493:2013
7467:2013
7436:2013
7414:2013
7387:2013
7365:2013
7339:2013
7291:2013
7269:2014
7230:2013
7208:2013
7182:2013
7160:2013
7138:2013
7112:2013
7104:FAQs
7086:2013
7064:2012
7042:2012
7016:2012
6990:2012
6959:2013
6937:2012
6915:2013
6889:2013
6841:2012
6819:2012
6797:2013
6775:2012
6750:2012
6724:2013
6699:2013
6677:2013
6654:2013
6632:2013
6607:2013
6580:2014
6548:2012
6517:2013
6494:2013
6471:2013
6445:2015
6419:2021
6397:2021
6374:2021
6351:2021
6329:2021
6307:2021
6285:2021
6263:2021
6240:2021
6217:help
6196:2021
6190:: 39
6170:help
6149:2021
6143:: 32
6109:2014
6086:2014
6054:2013
6032:2012
6007:2013
5966:2012
5944:2013
5919:2013
5897:2013
5876:2013
5855:2013
5833:2013
5808:2012
5776:2013
5751:2013
5725:2012
5702:2021
5677:2012
5655:2012
5629:2012
5584:2013
5562:2013
5536:2013
5510:2013
5485:2013
5459:2013
5433:2012
5407:2013
5385:2012
5362:2015
5336:2012
5314:2012
5288:2013
5266:2012
5240:2012
5214:2013
5191:2013
5169:2013
5143:2013
5107:2012
5078:2013
5021:2012
4913:2012
4883:2013
4860:2013
4838:2013
4812:2013
4777:2013
4751:2013
4724:2013
4692:2013
4667:2012
4635:2012
4610:2012
4584:2012
4555:2013
4530:2013
4508:2013
4486:2011
4429:2013
4400:2013
4368:2012
4339:2012
4302:2013
4276:2012
4246:2013
4220:2012
4188:2013
4166:2012
4130:2013
4104:2013
4075:2013
4043:2013
4017:2012
3985:2014
3958:2013
3883:2018
3861:2013
3835:2018
3813:2012
3786:2020
3757:2013
3735:2013
3713:2013
3687:2013
3658:2020
3626:2013
3594:2020
3477:PMID
3422:2013
3396:2013
3374:2013
3352:2012
3330:2013
3302:ISBN
3270:2013
3231:2013
3205:2013
3176:2013
3153:2015
3126:2012
3102:2012
3076:2013
3047:2018
3025:2018
3003:2018
2981:2018
2959:2018
2937:2018
2912:2018
2886:2018
2864:2018
2839:2018
2814:2023
2789:2013
2757:2022
2667:2022
2642:2020
2620:2010
2448:2023
2429:2018
1979:5 MW
1956:Peru
1655:Iran
1511:1 MW
1431:and
1361:and
1242:and
1200:and
1173:The
1157:The
1040:2.69
996:1.35
930:1.77
908:1.79
869:Date
443:The
286:land
9782:REC
7934:or
5059:doi
4994:doi
4958:hdl
4948:doi
4460:doi
3516:doi
3467:PMC
3457:doi
2719:doi
2157:USA
2037:USA
1997:USA
1870:USA
1712:USA
1600:USA
1525:USA
1508:USA
1342:in
1304:EEG
1188:'s
1161:'s
1072:IEA
952:3.5
811:to
753:HSE
707:or
419:to
156:or
109:(MW
47:in
9875::
9717:US
8806:.
8759:.
8733:.
8727:.
8701:.
8623:.
8576:.
8535:.
8475:.
8428:.
8388:.
8354:.
8246:.
8220:.
8147:.
8095:.
7966:.
7936:DC
7932:AC
7894:.
7860:.
7834:.
7790:.
7765:.
7715:.
7645:.
7620:.
7558:.
7509:.
7484:.
7445:^
7395:^
7355:.
7330:.
7311:.
7252:.
7238:^
7199:.
7102:.
7032:.
7007:.
6976:.
6906:.
6879:.
6857:.
6597:.
6534:.
6462:.
6436:.
6208::
6206:}}
6202:{{
6161::
6159:}}
6155:{{
6015:^
5983:.
5798:.
5784:^
5759:^
5741:.
5693:.
5645:.
5605:.
5601:.
5552:.
5526:.
5493:^
5475:.
5449:.
5424:.
5352:.
5304:.
5248:^
5223:^
5126:.
5086:^
5057:.
5047:84
5045:.
5041:.
5000:.
4990:17
4988:.
4984:.
4956:.
4946:.
4934:.
4930:.
4904:.
4785:^
4592:^
4563:^
4538:^
4458:.
4448:10
4446:.
4419:.
4347:^
4322:.
4284:^
4266:.
4236:.
4138:^
4120:.
4083:^
4033:.
3966:^
3941:^
3931:.
3927:.
3915:^
3891:^
3851:.
3794:^
3777:.
3677:.
3649:.
3634:^
3585:.
3552:54
3550:,
3546:,
3524:.
3510:.
3506:.
3483:.
3475:.
3465:.
3455:.
3443:.
3439:.
3278:^
3253:.
3239:^
3195:.
3134:^
3093:.
3055:^
2920:^
2895:^
2847:^
2822:^
2797:^
2779:.
2765:^
2747:.
2725:.
2703:^
2675:^
2658:.
2597:^
2491:AC
2477:AC
2463:,
2459:,
2326:,
2296:,
2279:AC
2266:,
2210:AC
2163:AC
2108:,
2084:,
2060:,
2043:AC
1931:,
1876:AC
1764:.
1762:AC
1494:)
1492:MW
1435:.
1427:,
1400:.
1380:MW
1367:GW
1357:,
1310:.
1259:AC
1257:MW
1204:.
1043:24
1021:12
999:12
977:16
955:32
933:16
911:16
820:.
614:.
612:AC
608:AC
559:.
433:kV
421:AC
417:DC
367:.
318:A
237:.
226:.
145:.
143:AC
139:AC
122:AC
120:MW
115:DC
63:,
55:A
8860:e
8853:t
8846:v
8817:.
8792:.
8770:.
8745:.
8713:.
8687:.
8664:.
8642:.
8627:.
8609:.
8587:.
8547:.
8521:.
8486:.
8460:.
8439:.
8413:.
8366:.
8339:.
8316:.
8294:.
8262:.
8232:.
8206:.
8180:.
8158:.
8133:.
8107:.
8081:.
8055:.
8030:.
8009:.
7977:.
7951:.
7920:.
7872:.
7846:.
7820:.
7776:.
7750:.
7727:.
7700:.
7678:.
7657:.
7631:.
7606:.
7574:.
7543:.
7521:.
7495:.
7469:.
7438:.
7416:.
7389:.
7367:.
7341:.
7293:.
7271:.
7232:.
7210:.
7184:.
7162:.
7140:.
7114:.
7088:.
7066:.
7044:.
7018:.
6992:.
6961:.
6939:.
6917:.
6891:.
6843:.
6821:.
6799:.
6777:.
6752:.
6726:.
6701:.
6679:.
6656:.
6634:.
6609:.
6582:.
6550:.
6519:.
6496:.
6473:.
6447:.
6421:.
6399:.
6376:.
6353:.
6331:.
6309:.
6287:.
6265:.
6242:.
6219:)
6215:(
6198:.
6172:)
6168:(
6151:.
6111:.
6088:.
6056:.
6034:.
6009:.
5968:.
5946:.
5921:.
5899:.
5878:.
5857:.
5835:.
5810:.
5778:.
5753:.
5727:.
5704:.
5679:.
5657:.
5631:.
5586:.
5564:.
5538:.
5512:.
5487:.
5461:.
5435:.
5409:.
5387:.
5364:.
5338:.
5316:.
5290:.
5268:.
5242:.
5216:.
5193:.
5171:.
5145:.
5109:.
5080:.
5061::
5053::
5023:.
4996::
4966:.
4960::
4950::
4942::
4936:3
4915:.
4885:.
4862:.
4840:.
4814:.
4779:.
4753:.
4726:.
4694:.
4669:.
4637:.
4612:.
4586:.
4557:.
4532:.
4510:.
4488:.
4466:.
4462::
4454::
4431:.
4402:.
4370:.
4341:.
4304:.
4278:.
4248:.
4222:.
4190:.
4168:.
4132:.
4106:.
4077:.
4045:.
4019:.
3987:.
3960:.
3885:.
3863:.
3837:.
3815:.
3788:.
3759:.
3737:.
3715:.
3689:.
3660:.
3628:.
3596:.
3532:.
3518::
3512:1
3491:.
3459::
3451::
3445:6
3424:.
3398:.
3376:.
3354:.
3332:.
3310:.
3272:.
3233:.
3207:.
3178:.
3155:.
3128:.
3104:.
3078:.
3049:.
3027:.
3005:.
2983:.
2961:.
2939:.
2914:.
2888:.
2866:.
2841:.
2816:.
2791:.
2759:.
2733:.
2721::
2697:.
2693::
2669:.
2644:.
2622:.
2310:P
2119:P
1911:,
1772:,
1753:P
1490:(
379:"
235:p
231:p
220:p
216:p
197:p
189:p
127:p
111:p
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.