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join an email list and receive remunerated offers from corporations in exchange for creating specific posts. For instance, bloggers were compensated for writing reviews of fast-food meals on their blogs. Blogstar is widely regarded as the first influencer marketing network. Murphy succeeded
Blogstar with PayPerPost, which was introduced in 2006. This platform compensated significant posters on prominent forums and social media platforms for every post made about a corporate product. Payment rates were determined by the influencer's status. Though very popular, PayPerPost, received a great deal of criticism as these influencers were not required to disclose their involvement with PayPerPost as traditional journalism would have. With the success of PayPerPost, the public became aware that there was a drive for corporate interests to influence what some people were posting to these sites. The platform also incentivized other firms to establish comparable programs. Despite concerns, marketing networks with influencers continued to grow throughout the 2000s and into the 2010s. The influencer marketing industry is expected to be worth up to $ 15 billion by 2022, up from as much as $ 8 billion in 2019, according to estimates from Business Insider Intelligence, which are based on Mediakix data. Evan Asano, the Former CEO and founder of the agency Mediakix, previously spoke with
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378:". B2C marketing, meaning Business to Consumer marketing, entails the strategies which a business would undertake to promote themselves and their services directly to their target audiences. This is typically through advertising and creating content through the influencer themselves. The intention is that their followers, who relate or look up to certain influencers, will be more inclined to purchase an item because their favorite "Internet celebrity" recommended it. Internet celebrities typically promote a lifestyle of beauty and luxury fashion and foster consumer–brand relationships, while selling their own lines of merchandise.
381:"Digital Branding: A Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guide to Strategy, Tactics, Tools, and Metrics" by David Rowles explains the methods online influencers employ to increase their audience and brand visibility. Digital branding encompasses all online experiences and necessitates value provision." It is suggested that users are already familiar with the lives of their influencers as devoted followers. This makes it easy for them to promote companies as their followers feel as though they know the celebrities they follow, despite the reality being different.
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846:. According to Senft and Poitier, the concept of the micro-celebrity "is best understood as a new style of online performance that involves people 'amping up' their popularity over the Web using technologies like video, blogs and social networking sites". A micro-celebrity is also known as "a form of identity linked almost exclusively to the internet, characterizing a process by which people express, create and share their identities online". However, micro-celebrities differ from more traditional forms of celebrities associated with
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impacts their audience's purchasing decision, with those who engage with their audience being more persuasive in encouraging product purchases. Companies today place great importance on feedback and comments received through social media platforms as consumers trust other consumers. Reviews are often relied on to persuade consumers to make a purchase, highlighting the impact of a negative review on a business's revenue. A typical method of marketing between the influencer and the audience is "
1225:, where numerous Instagram influencers were sanctioned for their lack of transparency. This led to a massive backlash from the public, who felt the promotion of the event deliberately misled and confused target audiences. As a result, numerous advertising bodies sought to introduce strict regulations and guidelines around influencer marketing. This includes the AANA (Australian Associations of National Advertisers), who states that influencer advertising must be "clearly distinguishable".
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Influencer". Nouri asserts that social media platforms have a greater negative impact on young, impressionable audiences compared to traditional media like magazines, billboards, advertisements, and tabloids featuring celebrities. Online it is thought to be simpler to manipulate an image and lifestyle in such a way that viewers are more susceptible to believing it.
1149:, who began entertaining in 2016. The appeal of VTubers is similar to a real person, except the entertainer may choose to remain anonymous through their VTuber persona. The 2D anime virtual avatars appealed to many Japanese fans and popularity began to spread internationally. In October 2021, there has been reported to be 16,000 VTubers around the world.
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that the profits generated by
Chinese celebrities can be immense. Unlike YouTube, which takes 45% of advertising revenue, Sina Weibo, one of the largest Chinese social media platforms, is not involved in advertising, which allows internet celebrities to be more independent. The monthly income of Chinese influencers can exceed CN¥10 million (
421:. Marketing experts have concluded that anyone can build websites easily without any technical knowledge or complex coding languages. They can upload text, pictures, and videos instantly from personal computers or phones. With technological barriers diminishing, the web has become the ideal platform for personal branding.
974:. Internet celebrities may promote their products by modeling for their shops by posting pictures or videos of themselves wearing the clothes or accessories they sell, or giving makeup or fashion tips. They serve as key opinion leaders for their followers, who either aspire to be like them or look up to them.
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or virtual
Youtubers are entertainers that use digital 3D model avatars that are computer generated. VTubers originated from Japan, beginning in the early 2010s, and have risen in popularity in the 2020s. The first virtual Youtuber was Ami Yamato, who debuted on May 18, 2011; the first VTuber who had
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Those who closely follow the lives of internet celebrities are more likely to develop psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression, and dissociation. Although many internet celebrities appreciate the support and loyalty of their viewers and fans, the dedication to their lives can sometimes
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A micro-celebrity, also known as a micro-influencer, is a person famous within a niche group of users on a social media platform. Micro-celebrities often present themselves as public figures. The concept of the micro-celebrity was originally developed by
Theresa Senft and P. A. Poitier in their 2008
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discovered that individuals were using "internet forums as influential sources of consumer information." The study proposes that consumers preferred internet forums and social media when making purchasing decisions over conventional advertising and print sources. An influencer's personality strongly
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There is much debate about whether social media influencers can be considered celebrities, as their path to fame is often less traditional and arguably easier. Melody Nouri addresses the differences between the two types in her article "The Power of
Influence: Traditional Celebrities vs Social Media
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is a form of ostracism where an individual is excluded from social or professional circles because of certain past or present actions or allegations. The act may occur on social media platforms or in person. Cancel culture is a common term among internet celebrities where they may lose their source
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The origins of online influencing can be traced back to the emergence of digital blogs and platforms in the early 2000s. Nevertheless recent studies demonstrate that
Instagram, an application with more than one billion users, harbors the majority of the influencer demographic. These individuals are
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frequently creates the appearance of authenticity through harnessing the emotions of her audience. In Lueck's (2012) study they find that 60% of her
Facebook advertising contains an "embedded emotional/transformational story". Her social media posts blur the boundaries between commercial promotion
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are often a way internet celebrities interact with fans in real life. Occasionally, an internet celebrity might organize a meetup and invite fans to meet them at a certain place and time without proper organization. This can attract crowds of fans, causing disorderly or even unsafe situations. For
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started as an online blogger, and then gained millions of followers on
Instagram. She later created her brand, the Chiara Ferragni Collection. Like many other Instagram celebrities, Ferragni started by charging money per post for promoting brands. She earns revenue from promotional Instagram posts
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ecosystem that has become successful in its own way. For every
Western social media platform, there is a comparable Chinese version; Chinese social media platforms, however, generate revenue differently. The greatest difference between Chinese internet celebrities and their Western counterparts is
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with complimentary products in return for favorable reviews. A few of these practices were viewed as unethical for taking advantage of the labor of young individuals without providing remuneration. The
Blogstar Network was established in 2004 by Ted Murphy of MindComet. Bloggers were encouraged to
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be intense. Fans may develop extreme behaviors or attitudes towards their favorite celebrities that can be identified as obsessive or may sometimes result to criminal behavior. The younger crowd are also being impacted through seeing their internet celebrities on different social media platforms.
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Despite the recent emergence of influencer culture, influencer marketing and advertising it is left highly unregulated by existing legislation. This became a prevalent concern when users on social media platforms were finding it difficult to distinguish any differences between advertisements and
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or sponsorships. Internet celebrities can use their fame to promote products or experiences to their followers, as a method of providing credibility to products. In social media advertising, internet celebrities can be paid to advertise products. When they have garnered sufficient attention and
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Depending on their rise to fame, internet celebrities may reach their audiences in different ways. Some people write journals or blogs, some make YouTube or TikTok videos, others post frequently on Instagram or Twitter (X). The Internet has made fame accessible to and attainable for the general
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explains that the younger generation is becoming more attracted to the path of fame compared to the typical intellectual development and financial security route. The appearance of the ease and simplicity of the life of internet celebrities obstructs the reality of what this life often really
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became widely available, leading to the creation of numerous websites dedicated to shared interests. These forums allowed users to seek advice and help from experienced individuals in their field, increasing the availability of information beyond mainstream print media and corporate
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emerged around the same time, allowing users to publish long-form articles and stories. Since then forums, social media and blogging have transformed into integral components of communication, social interaction, business and journalism. Popular social media platforms include
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to sell. By doing this, and by using their platform to promote their products to an established audience, influencers can earn money by developing their own reputable brands. Bloggers can feature sponsored posts in social media to make profits. For instance, fashion blogger
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evaluates a study that was done on Hungarian adolescents demonstrate these effects. The research found that the desire for fame on the internet was negatively associated with self-acceptance and potentially result to materialism and the desire for social recognition.
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Many other people build their followings slowly over time, sharing their daily life and passions with people. Families such as the LaBrant Family and The Bucket List Family share their children, life experiences, and travels with their followers. Individuals such as
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wrote that YouTubers are more popular than mainstream celebrities among U.S. teens. Advertisers, in an effort to reach teenagers and millennials who do not watch regular television and movies, have started contacting YouTubers and other internet celebrities.
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and personal storytelling, making it more difficult for followers to distinguish between authentic messages and promotional material. This motivates the followers to engage in particular purchasing behaviours which reflects her parasocial influence.
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sometimes referred to as "Instagrammers" or "Instafamous." A crucial aspect of influencing lies in their association with sponsors. The 2015 debut of Vamp, a company that links influencers with sponsorships, transformed the landscape of influencing.
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program enables creators to earn money from advertisements. AdSense has certain requirements—a YouTuber must have more than 1,000 subscribers, live in an eligible country, and have more than 4,000 hours of watch time within a year to be eligible.
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with a large following, distinctive brand persona, and a patterned relationship with commercial sponsors. Consumers often mistakenly view celebrities as reliable, leading to trust and confidence in the products being promoted. A 2001 study from
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1164:, scout and hire these VTubers to aid in marketing and build popularity. Their trademark character being the VTuber avatar or a 2D anime form of that character on the album covers, allowing recognition of the avatar and for the agency.
731:'s "Search for the Next TV Star" competition. Viral videos from internet celebrities could entail a funny event happening in the moment, a popular new dance, or even a post on Twitter, such as the "Alex from Target" tweet in 2014.
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and vocally expressing racist remarks. On July 10, 2020, the makeup brand Morphe cut ties and ceased all makeup collaborations with Jeffree Star because his problematic past had resurfaced. The year before that, Kuwaiti celebrity
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is an annual organized video conference designed for people interested in online videos. It invites internet content creators to participate in events for paying fans, such as performances, panels, and meet-and-greets.
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1069:. Net idols first emerged in the 1990s through personal websites and blogs when internet became more accessible, with some selling personal merchandise such as photo books through their websites. Around March 2007,
393:, describes the development of a public image for commercial gain or social or cultural capital. The rise of social media has been exploited by individuals seeking personal fame and product sales. Platforms such as
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following, they can be approached by advertising companies to help advertise products and reach a wider audience. Endorsements for fashion and cosmetic products are common for Instagram internet influencers.
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417:, are the most common social media outlets on which online influencers attempt to build a following. Fame can be attained through different avenues and media forms, including art, humor, modeling, and
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Although multiple studies offer slightly differing views, internet celebrities, or influencers, can be broken into five or six different categories: Nano, Micro, Mid-tier, Macro, Mega, and Celebrity.
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807:), regardless of the genres or types of videos they make, have created an industry that can generate revenue from video views and online popularity. For example, Swedish internet celebrity
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stars because a micro-celebrity's popularity is often directly linked to their audience, and the audience comes to expect a certain degree of authenticity and transparency.
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involving a group of internet celebrities who were set to meet paying fans, but did not follow through. Because of the disorganized setup, the meetup resulted in chaos.
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In 2020, a report by venture-capital firm SignalFire stated that the economy spawned by internet creators was the "fastest-growing type of small business".
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The early 2000s showed corporate endeavors to leverage the internet for influence, with some companies participating in forums for promotions or providing
258:, companies and organizations may enlist internet celebrities to advertise their products to their fan base and followers on their respective platforms.
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and comedy videos on YouTube. As of August 2024, he has around 110 million subscribers and is the fourth most-subscribed non-corporation YouTuber.
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2081:"Too Big to Sell? A Computational Analysis of Network and Content Characteristics among Mega and Micro Beauty and Fashion Social Media Influencers"
250:. In this capacity they act as key amplifiers of trends across various genres including fashion, cooking, technology, travel, video games, movies,
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279:. Dedicated social media platforms emerged from these developments, providing users with the ability to create profiles and connect with others.
1008:(李子柒), a celebrity food blogger with more than 16 million followers on Weibo, has inspired many bloggers to post similar content on traditional
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provides a means for people to reach a large, global audience, and internet celebrities are commonly present on large online platforms such as
1094:, which in turn led people into performing choreographed dances from anime series and idol groups. Notable creators of dance covers, known as
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Khamis, Susie; Ang, Lawrence; Welling, Raymond (April 3, 2017). "Self-branding, 'micro-celebrity' and the rise of Social Media Influencers".
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Labrecque, Lauren I.; Markos, Ereni; Milne, George R. (February 2011). "Online Personal Branding: Processes, Challenges, and Implications".
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1864:"Instagram is testing hiding 'likes' and some influencers are angry. Industry execs told us how the change will affect their business"
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The Internet allows the masses to wrest control of fame from traditional media, creating micro-celebrities with the click of a mouse.
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924:, through attracting the attention of their followers. Internet celebrities have become a popular phenomenon in China. For example,
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Internet celebrities can draw in a devoted crowd of fans whether their reach is small or wide. A scholarly article published from
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1664:"What drives digital engagement with sponsored videos? An investigation of video influencers' authenticity management strategies"
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1479:"Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: the role of identification, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit"
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entails. Seeing influencers display the highlights of their lives has shown to produce some unintended effects on fans.
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Every minute, 300 hours of videos are uploaded to YouTube, and 5 billion videos are watched every day. In August 2014,
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Fans at the 2014 VidCon event where hundreds of individuals wait to see their favorite internet celebrity YouTubers
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3780:"The association of celebrity worship with problematic Internet use, maladaptive daydreaming, and desire for fame"
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YouTube has risen as one of the biggest platforms for launching internet celebrities. YouTube creators (known as
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economy: social media advertising, and online retail. In the online retailing business model, e-commerce-based
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3119:[Kozue Aikawa, an idol who debuted from Nico Nico Douga: "If it weren't for Niconico, I might've become a
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3155:["She has so much cuteness!" British net idol Beckii Cruel makes her first television appearance!].
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and said he believed influencer marketing on Instagram would continue to grow despite likes being hidden.
1603:"Most popular social networks worldwide as of April 2019, ranked by number of active users (in millions)"
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of income, fans, or reputation because of their controversial actions. For example, Beauty Guru YouTuber
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Different types of internet celebrities can make money in various ways, but most of them earn money from
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use social media platforms to sell self-branded products to potential buyers among followers via Chinese
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3245:"Japan's virtual YouTubers have millions of real subscribers — and make millions of real dollars"
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tend to advertise a wider array of products, regardless of relevance to their genre of content.
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was "cancelled" for criticising Filipinos. As a result of this, some brands cut ties with her.
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efforts through online posts. According to CBN Data, a commercial data company affiliated with
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3184:[Keekihime, a talent drawn in by Nico Douga (A past and present tale on Nico Douga)].
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3604:"FTC bans fake online reviews, inflated social media influence; rule takes effect in October"
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2243:"The Unwatched Life Is Not Worth Living: The Elevation of the Ordinary in Celebrity Culture"
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Influencers can also expand their source of revenue by creating their own products or
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It has been suggested that parts of this page (Influencers and marketing networks) be
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2583:"Additional Changes to the YouTube Partner Program (YPP) to Better Protect Creators"
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Digital Branding: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide to Strategy, Tactics and Measurement
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3276:"The Rise of VTubers: An Overview of the Surging Popularity of "Virtual YouTubers""
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Britt, Rebecca K.; Hayes, Jameson L.; Britt, Brian C.; Park, Haseon (May 3, 2020).
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3337:"[Music] Release of Virtual Idol Tokino Sora's New Cover Album "Re:Play"!"
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1633:"A Comprehensive Guide to Instagram Influencer Marketing | Social Media Marketing"
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207:) is an individual who has acquired or developed their fame and notability on the
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3656:"MAC Cosmetics releases statement denouncing Kuwaiti influencer Sondos al Qattan"
2847:"China's Internet celebrity economy bigger than cinema|Society|chinadaily.com.cn"
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2366:"Never Gonna GIF You Up: Analyzing the Cultural Significance of the Animated GIF"
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2938:"100 Chinese selected as "good young netizens" - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
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sponsorships with personal posts. This was evident with the mismanagement of
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728:
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3474:"Chiara Ferragni – how a 'crazy blogger' turned her life into a shop window"
3413:"Highest-Paid YouTube Stars 2018: Markiplier, Jake Paul, PewDiePie And More"
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3935:
3821:
3795:
3307:"VTubers redefine the music industry as virtual concerts and idols rise up"
1834:"Influencer Marketing: State of the social media influencer market in 2020"
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Alternatively, events can be organized at a venue with security personnel.
1304:
1268:
1112:
1019:
1001:
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212:
1784:"The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer"
1753:"The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer"
62:"Key opinion leader" redirects here. For the sociological phenomenon, see
3837:"Friend-zone with benefits: The parasocial advertising of Kim Kardashian"
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1200:
1188:
1070:
901:'Internet fame') is the Chinese version of Internet stardom. The
712:
3861:
3626:"Morphe's Jeffree Star split shows high risk of reliance on influencers"
3244:
2493:"36 Mind Blowing YouTube Facts, Figures and Statistics – 2017 (re-post)"
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Internet celebrities are also able to influence fans through creating
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has faced many allegations of misconduct in his career, which include
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post content about their lifestyle and host challenges and giveaways.
3932:"Rise of an Internet Star - Parlaying YouTube Fame Into Big Business"
2014:
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808:
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3443:"How Online Celebrities Make Money Via Advertising and Endorsements"
2523:"YouTube Stars More Popular Than Mainstream Celebs Among U.S. Teens"
588:
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1575:
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940:, the Chinese internet celebrity economy was estimated to be worth
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is an internet celebrity and the fourth most subscribed individual
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3943:"Internet Famous: Julia Allison and the Secrets of Self-Promotion"
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The International Encyclopedia of Gender, Media, and Communication
1309:
was an organization produced in collaboration with talent manager
992:—has an online shop on Taobao, reportedly earning CN¥300 million (
283:
pioneered this concept in 1997. Additionally, websites supporting
1477:
Schouten, Alexander P.; Janssen, Loes; Verspaget, Maegan (2020).
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1999:"Internet Forums As Influential Sources Of Consumer Information"
3890:"Internet Fame Is Cruel Mistress for a Dancer of the Numa Numa"
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Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks
2553:"The end of Hollywood and the rise of social media celebrities"
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Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks
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Zsila, Ágnes; McCutcheon, Lynn E.; Demetrovics, Zsolt (2018).
1049:, a specific type of internet celebrity is known as a net idol
59:
Person who has become famous through their use of the Internet
3364:"Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity"
2050:"Understanding the Differences Between B2B and B2C Marketing"
1950:"Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity"
1046:
325:
3543:"What impact has Fyre Festival had on influencer marketing?"
3751:
3120:
2327:"Alex From Target: The Other Side of Fame (Published 2014)"
779:
406:
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3512:"What is the creator economy? Influencer tools and trends"
3028:"How Do China's Internet Celebrity Differ From America's?"
2457:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Westland Business. p. 68.
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Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
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In some cases, people might rise to fame through a single
2780:
727:, gained worldwide attention after submitting a video to
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254:, politics, music, sports, and entertainment. As part of
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1662:
Chen, Li; Yan, Yajie; Smith, Andrew N. (July 2, 2022).
1152:
VTubers function in a similar fashion to YouTubers and
1107:, who later debuted as idols include Kozue Aikawa from
3117:"「ニコニコ動画」からアイドルデビューした愛川こずえ 「ニコニコがなかったらたぶんニートになってた(笑)」"
2424:"Social Media Influencers: Mega, Macro, Micro or Nano"
1637:
Content Marketing Consulting and Social Media Strategy
364:
By the 2010s, the term "influencer" described digital
2877:"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China"
2793:"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China"
347:
2195:
1571:"Then and now: a history of social networking sites"
932:芙蓉姐姐) received worldwide notoriety and fame for her
2078:
1722:"[Timeline] A Brief History of Influencers"
1232:voted unanimously to ban marketers from using fake
1090:) became popular in video-sharing websites such as
613:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
96:It has been suggested that this article should be
3214:"Who Were the First VTubers and Virtual Streamers"
3059:"「デジタル特捜隊 ネットの有名人たちspecial ネットアイドルBEST10 1999年夏篇」"
2998:"YouTube partner earnings overview - YouTube Help"
1183:and blogger known for her sponsored fashion posts.
3714:"Tanacon Was a Fyre Festival for the YouTube Set"
3083:
2393:20.500.11820/f0841c5d-45bc-40e5-b4ba-f89e8c5fd847
762:Mega influencers: 1,000,000 – 5,000,000 followers
3986:
3888:Feuer, Alan; George, Jason (February 26, 2005).
3173:
2363:
2142:
1996:
759:Macro influencers: 500,000 – 1,000,000 followers
756:Mid-tier influencers: 50,000 – 500,000 followers
3091:"『ニコニコ動画』で定番ジャンルとなった"踊ってみた"動画! 何故踊る?その心理を聞いてみた"
2281:
1997:Bickart, Barbara; Schindler, Robert M. (2001).
1058:
861:Harvard Berkman Center for Internet and Society
69:"Influencer" redirects here. For the song, see
3361:
2364:Miltner, Kate M.; Highfield, Tim (July 2017).
2290:"Zach Anner flattens 'Next Oprah' competition"
1947:
1100:
1079:
1052:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
795:. Overall, he has the eighth most subscribed
238:Certain internet celebrities may function as
2452:
1661:
753:Micro influencers: 10,000 – 50,000 followers
175:A group of multiple Internet celebrities at
3887:
3153:""可愛いにもほどがある!"英ネットアイドルのベッキー・クルーエルが初のテレビ出演!"
1948:Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (September 1, 2018).
1668:Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
1085:
920:celebrities generate profits via retail or
896:
463:Learn how and when to remove these messages
23:
1519:
1215:
958:There are two main business models in the
951:) in 2016, more than China's total cinema
750:Nano influencers: 1,000 – 10,000 followers
24:
3860:
3811:
3712:Kircher, Madison Malone (June 26, 2018).
3601:
3379:
2738:
2391:
2381:
2217:
2164:
2096:
1965:
1494:
769:
691:Learn how and when to remove this message
673:Learn how and when to remove this message
571:Learn how and when to remove this message
516:Learn how and when to remove this message
3909:
3471:
1536:
1340:
1287:
1283:
1171:
1126:
783:
170:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
3962:
3711:
3680:
2908:"The making of a Chinese internet star"
2306:from the original on September 26, 2013
1613:from the original on September 17, 2019
1458:from the original on September 17, 2019
487:not related to the topic of the article
14:
3987:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3724:from the original on February 27, 2019
3602:Picciotto, Rebecca (August 14, 2024).
3540:
3492:from the original on November 16, 2018
3472:Cochrane, Lauren (November 29, 2016).
3286:from the original on November 30, 2022
3224:from the original on November 22, 2022
3179:
3056:
3008:from the original on February 17, 2019
2702:from the original on February 14, 2022
2479:The 2020 Influencer Marketing Playbook
2345:from the original on November 18, 2020
2324:
2240:
2127:
2060:from the original on February 25, 2021
1943:
1941:
1551:from the original on September 6, 2022
1145:used the phrase "virtual Youtuber" is
996:) per year. This is comparable to the
765:Celebrities: Above 5,000,000 followers
3834:
3553:from the original on October 29, 2020
3343:from the original on December 9, 2022
3317:from the original on December 9, 2022
3255:from the original on February 6, 2022
3242:
3211:
2968:"Understanding social media in China"
2803:from the original on January 28, 2020
2687:
2685:
2649:
2563:from the original on December 4, 2020
2533:from the original on February 7, 2015
2029:from the original on December 6, 2019
1887:
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1702:from the original on January 22, 2023
1643:from the original on November 8, 2020
3940:
3410:
3368:Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences
3304:
2905:
2720:
2287:
2047:
1954:Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences
1812:
1782:Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018).
1751:Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018).
1732:from the original on August 26, 2022
1537:Martinue, Paris (December 6, 2019).
1483:International Journal of Advertising
1352:The Journal of Behavioral Addictions
836:
611:adding citations to reliable sources
582:
527:
469:
428:
127:
82:
3841:Journal of Marketing Communications
3766:
3693:from the original on August 1, 2020
3662:from the original on March 12, 2022
3636:from the original on April 13, 2021
3583:from the original on August 7, 2020
3541:Gillil, Nikki (February 19, 2019).
3453:from the original on March 29, 2019
3423:from the original on April 21, 2019
3038:from the original on April 11, 2018
2978:from the original on April 11, 2018
2918:from the original on March 16, 2018
2887:from the original on April 22, 2017
2857:from the original on April 20, 2018
2631:from the original on March 25, 2019
2499:. December 13, 2017. Archived from
2453:Amith Prabhu, Sujith Patil (2023).
2434:from the original on March 18, 2020
1938:
1844:from the original on August 5, 2021
1831:
1794:from the original on August 6, 2020
1763:from the original on August 6, 2020
1366:with their audiences. For example,
56:
3881:
2770:"The new fame: Internet celebrity"
2682:
2670:from the original on June 27, 2019
2650:Senft, Theresa M. (July 2, 2008).
2593:from the original on April 7, 2019
2325:Bilton, Nick (November 12, 2014).
2085:Journal of Interactive Advertising
2072:
1926:from the original on April 2, 2022
1583:from the original on July 23, 2018
1238:generative artificial intelligence
1209:and the sale of her own products.
543:tone or style may not reflect the
348:Influencers and marketing networks
57:
4026:
3305:Amos, Andrew (November 2, 2022).
3180:Hirota, Minoru (April 25, 2013).
2721:Raun, Tobias (January 10, 2018).
2691:
2300:The University of Texas at Austin
2048:Lake, Laura (December 26, 2020).
1595:
1563:
1324:
1258:
444:This section has multiple issues.
3784:Journal of Behavioral Addictions
3681:Kaufman, Amy (August 23, 2019).
3522:from the original on May 5, 2021
2198:Journal of Interactive Marketing
2003:Journal of Interactive Marketing
1539:"The WIRED Guide to Influencers"
988:, with 4.9 million followers on
980:(张大奕)—one of China's best-known
587:
553:guide to writing better articles
532:
474:
433:
384:
132:
87:
73:. For the 2022 horror film, see
3828:
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3404:
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3298:
3267:
3243:Kelts, Roland (July 26, 2021).
3236:
3205:
3182:"ニコ動が引きつけた才能"ケーキ姫☆優海"【ニコ動今昔物語】"
3145:
3109:
3097:(in Japanese). January 23, 2010
3050:
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2869:
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2815:
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2485:
2481:. Linqia, Inc. 2019. p. 8.
2471:
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2357:
2318:
2241:Gamson, Joshua (October 2011).
2234:
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2041:
1990:
1881:
1856:
1825:
1806:
1775:
598:needs additional citations for
452:or discuss these issues on the
3963:Sorgatz, Rex (June 17, 2008).
3362:Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (2018).
3273:
3161:(in Japanese). January 5, 2010
2906:Tsoi, Grace (August 1, 2016).
2288:Rich, Gerald (June 16, 2010).
1902:10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219
1744:
1714:
1655:
1625:
1470:
1440:
1004:(范冰冰), a top Chinese actress.
891:
882:
13:
1:
3941:Tanz, Jason (July 15, 2008).
3067:(in Japanese). Archived from
2613:"Instagram micro-celebrities"
2157:10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292
2098:10.1080/15252019.2020.1763873
1496:10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898
1448:"Most used social media 2021"
1433:
1247:) and influencers paying for
496:or discuss this issue on the
389:Self-branding, also known as
3853:10.1080/13527266.2012.726235
2827:. Hong Kong University Press
2259:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1061
2210:10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002
1030:
211:. The growing popularity of
7:
3911:"The Dark Side of Web Fame"
1888:Duffy, Brooke Erin (2020).
1815:"Polluting The Blogosphere"
1813:Fine, Jon (July 10, 2006).
1374:
1059:
1018:has created an independent
867:
10:
4031:
3381:10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014
3192:Kadokawa Future Publishing
2054:the balance small business
1967:10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014
1890:"Social Media Influencers"
1680:10.1007/s11747-022-00887-2
1402:List of Internet phenomena
1122:
1034:
773:
261:
231:, which primarily rely on
102:into a new article titled
68:
61:
3573:"Ads must clearly be ads"
2455:The Pursuit Of Reputation
1788:Pop Culture Intersections
1757:Pop Culture Intersections
1167:
1101:
1080:
1053:
2851:europe.chinadaily.com.cn
2740:10.1177/1354856517736983
2692:Senft, Theresa (Terri).
2383:10.1177/2056305117725223
1364:parasocial relationships
1230:Federal Trade Commission
1065:, a sub-category of the
970:(C2C) websites, such as
859:David Weinberger of the
424:
197:social media personality
39:latest accepted revision
18:Social media influencers
2723:"Capitalizing intimacy"
1216:Advertising regulations
910:Chinese digital economy
242:promoting a particular
193:social media influencer
191:(also referred to as a
3796:10.1556/2006.7.2018.76
3579:. September 20, 2018.
2972:McKinsey & Company
2376:(3): 205630511772522.
2370:Social Media + Society
2128:Rowels, David (2014).
1417:Social media marketing
1346:
1296:
1184:
1138:
1067:idol industry in Japan
916:in social media. Some
865:
800:
770:YouTubers and vloggers
233:user-generated content
184:
3835:Lueck, L. A. (2015).
3687:The Los Angeles Times
3518:. November 29, 2020.
3057:Kogawa, Tomo (1999).
2617:Marketing Weekly News
1392:Internet Hall of Fame
1344:
1291:
1284:Interacting with fans
1175:
1130:
852:
787:
774:Further information:
485:may contain material
174:
4000:Internet celebrities
3965:"The Microfame Game"
3449:. November 8, 2016.
3034:. January 27, 2018.
2619:: 149. May 5, 2018.
2587:YouTube Creator Blog
1639:. January 17, 2018.
1331:Thammasat University
1228:In August 2024, the
968:customer-to-customer
914:influencer marketing
622:"Internet celebrity"
607:improve this article
494:improve this section
256:influencer marketing
201:internet personality
3411:Robehmed, Natalie.
3212:Rasmussen, Makena.
3133:. November 25, 2016
3071:on October 11, 2000
2503:on October 22, 2020
1016:Censorship in China
179:, a convention for
29:Page version status
3895:The New York Times
3280:The Science Survey
3002:support.google.com
2824:Celebrity in China
2775:2020-09-15 at the
2559:. March 13, 2015.
2529:. August 5, 2014.
2331:The New York Times
1821:on August 6, 2006.
1726:Social Media Today
1427:Virtual influencer
1347:
1297:
1185:
1181:fashion influencer
1139:
1088:"I tried dancing")
801:
723:, a comedian from
371:Rutgers University
189:internet celebrity
185:
64:Opinion leadership
35:
3754:on March 25, 2019
3658:. July 26, 2018.
3632:. July 16, 2020.
2948:on August 2, 2018
2942:www.xinhuanet.com
2663:978-0-8204-5694-2
2219:20.500.12010/9095
2145:Celebrity Studies
1832:Schomer, Audrey.
1609:. June 20, 2018.
1387:Internet activism
1382:Celebrity culture
1041:List of net idols
955:revenue in 2015.
899:
837:Micro-celebrities
701:
700:
693:
683:
682:
675:
657:
581:
580:
573:
547:used on Knowledge
545:encyclopedic tone
526:
525:
518:
467:
391:personal branding
167:
166:
126:
125:
71:Influencer (song)
47:11 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
4022:
4010:Social influence
3981:
3979:
3977:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3919:. March 13, 2010
3906:
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3874:
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3826:
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3815:
3775:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3750:. Archived from
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3138:
3123:(laughs)"].
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2955:
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2944:. Archived from
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2253:(4): 1061–1069.
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2015:10.1002/dir.1014
1994:
1988:
1987:
1969:
1945:
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1931:
1896:. pp. 1–4.
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1868:Business Insider
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1838:Business Insider
1829:
1823:
1822:
1817:. Archived from
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1579:. July 6, 2011.
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1422:Usenet celebrity
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715:, and become an
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678:
671:
667:
664:
658:
656:
615:
591:
583:
576:
569:
565:
562:
556:
555:for suggestions.
551:See Knowledge's
536:
535:
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521:
514:
510:
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478:
477:
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437:
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366:content creators
359:Business Insider
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91:
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4005:Cultural trends
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3884:
3882:Further reading
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3447:Reynolds Center
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3190:(in Japanese).
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3129:(in Japanese).
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2777:Wayback Machine
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2295:The Daily Texan
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1327:
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1261:
1253:follower counts
1218:
1206:Chiara Ferragni
1177:Chiara Ferragni
1170:
1125:
1098:
1077:
1050:
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1033:
1025:US$ 1.5 million
1024:
1010:Chinese cooking
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719:. For example,
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3218:Virtual Humans
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2656:. Peter Lang.
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2135:
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2091:(2): 111–118.
2071:
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1960:(3): 550–555.
1937:
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1489:(2): 258–281.
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1397:Kid influencer
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1368:Kim Kardashian
1326:
1325:Effect on fans
1323:
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1264:Cancel culture
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1259:Cancel culture
1257:
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998:US$ 21 million
994:US$ 46 million
934:self-promotion
930:Fúróng Jiějiě,
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2132:. Kogan Page.
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1354:published by
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1314:
1312:
1311:Michael Weist
1308:
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1301:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1273:cyberbullying
1270:
1265:
1256:
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1242:
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1231:
1226:
1224:
1223:Fyre Festival
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1038:
1037:Japanese idol
1028:
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984:according to
983:
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956:
954:
948:
943:
939:
938:Alibaba Group
935:
931:
927:
926:Sister Furong
923:
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748:
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742:
738:
732:
730:
729:Oprah Winfrey
726:
725:Austin, Texas
722:
718:
717:Internet meme
714:
710:
705:
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692:
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674:
666:
655:
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631:
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624: –
623:
619:
618:Find sources:
612:
608:
602:
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596:This article
594:
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488:
483:This section
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450:
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416:
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385:Self-branding
382:
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376:B2C marketing
372:
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266:In 1991, the
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40:
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4015:Social media
3974:. Retrieved
3968:
3952:. Retrieved
3946:
3936:ReadWriteWeb
3921:. Retrieved
3914:
3899:. Retrieved
3893:
3862:11299/167651
3844:
3840:
3830:
3787:
3783:
3756:. Retrieved
3752:the original
3747:
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3717:
3707:
3695:. Retrieved
3686:
3676:
3664:. Retrieved
3650:
3638:. Retrieved
3629:
3620:
3608:. Retrieved
3597:
3587:September 2,
3585:. Retrieved
3577:Ad Standards
3576:
3567:
3557:September 2,
3555:. Retrieved
3547:Econsultancy
3546:
3536:
3524:. Retrieved
3515:
3506:
3494:. Retrieved
3478:The Guardian
3477:
3467:
3455:. Retrieved
3446:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3416:
3406:
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3367:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3310:
3300:
3288:. Retrieved
3279:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3248:
3238:
3226:. Retrieved
3217:
3207:
3195:. Retrieved
3187:Weekly ASCII
3185:
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3156:
3147:
3135:. Retrieved
3124:
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3099:. Retrieved
3094:
3085:
3073:. Retrieved
3069:the original
3062:
3052:
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3031:
3022:
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3001:
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2980:. Retrieved
2971:
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2950:. Retrieved
2946:the original
2941:
2932:
2920:. Retrieved
2911:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2880:
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2859:. Retrieved
2850:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2823:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2796:
2787:
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2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2694:
2672:. Retrieved
2652:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2616:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2586:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2556:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2526:
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2505:. Retrieved
2501:the original
2496:
2487:
2478:
2473:
2454:
2448:
2436:. Retrieved
2427:
2418:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2349:November 17,
2347:. Retrieved
2330:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2293:
2283:
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2246:
2236:
2204:(1): 37–50.
2201:
2197:
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2084:
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2053:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2009:(3): 31–40.
2006:
2002:
1992:
1957:
1953:
1928:. Retrieved
1893:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1837:
1827:
1819:the original
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1787:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1756:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1725:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1671:
1667:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1574:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1542:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1451:
1442:
1361:
1351:
1348:
1328:
1315:
1305:
1298:
1269:Jeffree Star
1262:
1251:to increase
1234:user reviews
1227:
1219:
1211:
1198:
1189:endorsements
1186:
1151:
1140:
1134:, the first
1113:Beckii Cruel
1095:
1074:
1071:dance covers
1060:Netto aidoru
1044:
1020:social media
1014:
1012:and crafts.
1002:Fan Bingbing
981:
976:
963:
959:
957:
944:58 billion (
929:
917:
903:
890:
873:
871:
853:
843:
840:
827:
820:
817:
802:
745:
741:David Dobrik
733:
706:
702:
687:
669:
663:January 2023
660:
650:
643:
636:
629:
617:
605:Please help
600:verification
597:
567:
561:January 2023
558:
542:
512:
506:January 2023
503:
492:Please help
484:
460:
453:
447:
446:Please help
443:
388:
380:
363:
351:
342:
338:
265:
237:
213:social media
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
186:
168:
155:
114:
103:
97:
75:
46:
37:This is the
31:
3976:January 11,
3954:January 11,
3923:January 11,
3901:January 11,
3347:December 9,
3321:December 9,
3290:December 9,
3274:Li, Donna.
3259:December 9,
3228:December 9,
3095:Gadget News
2881:China Daily
2557:VentureBeat
2428:CMSWire.com
2166:10453/98736
2033:December 6,
1674:: 198–221.
1647:November 9,
1555:December 6,
1236:created by
1201:merchandise
949:8.4 billion
713:viral video
709:viral event
78:(2022 film)
3989:Categories
3610:August 15,
3516:SignalFire
2497:Videonitch
1873:August 30,
1798:August 23,
1767:August 23,
1736:August 26,
1706:August 26,
1462:August 23,
1434:References
1412:Role model
1075:odottemita
1073:(known as
1035:See also:
990:Sina Weibo
978:Zhang Dayi
953:box office
922:e-commerce
828:YouTube's
721:Zach Anner
633:newspapers
449:improve it
205:influencer
158:March 2024
147:Influencer
117:March 2024
105:Influencer
76:Influencer
3995:Celebrity
3970:NYMag.com
3871:167709180
3804:2062-5871
3758:March 25,
3748:VidCon US
3728:March 11,
3666:March 12,
3640:April 19,
3486:0261-3077
3457:March 29,
3427:March 29,
3398:158069963
3390:2452-3151
3042:April 11,
3012:April 11,
2982:April 11,
2922:April 11,
2891:April 11,
2861:April 11,
2831:August 6,
2807:April 11,
2757:148595992
2749:1354-8565
2635:March 25,
2625:1944-2424
2597:April 10,
2567:March 29,
2438:March 13,
2402:2056-3051
2339:0362-4331
2267:0030-8129
2228:167381412
2175:1939-2397
2115:219433187
2107:1525-2019
2023:168114871
1984:158069963
1976:2452-3151
1920:225776342
1848:March 13,
1696:250251697
1688:1552-7824
1607:The Verge
1513:198608820
1505:0265-0487
1303:example,
1243:(such as
1194:YouTubers
1154:streamers
1147:Kizuna AI
1132:Kizuna AI
1117:Keekihime
1109:Danceroid
1031:Net idols
912:based on
848:Hollywood
809:PewDiePie
805:YouTubers
789:PewDiePie
498:talk page
455:talk page
395:Instagram
294:Instagram
244:lifestyle
225:Instagram
183:, in 2014
181:YouTubers
3916:Newsweek
3822:30221539
3722:Archived
3697:July 10,
3691:Archived
3660:Archived
3634:Archived
3581:Archived
3551:Archived
3520:Archived
3496:April 7,
3490:Archived
3451:Archived
3421:Archived
3341:Archived
3315:Archived
3284:Archived
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