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Social services

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schemes in the late 1910s and the 1920s. The notable schemes, which had been implemented by 1950, consisted of work injury insurance, pensions, and sickness and maternity insurance. The second group, consisting of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela, implemented these social services in the 1940s. The extent to which these programs and laws were implemented were less extensive than the first group. In the final group, consisting of the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras and Nicaragua, social services programmes were implemented in the 1950s and 1960s, with the least coverage out of each group. With the exception of Nicaragua, social service programs are not available for unemployment insurance or family allowances. Average expenditure on social services programs in as a percentage of GDP in these states is 5.3%, which is significantly lower than that of Europe and North America.
3720: 2164: 2156: 2023:, with coverage extended to urban-based self-employed workers in 1989. Additionally, a national pension program was initiated. Within Taiwan, an extensive national health insurance system was enacted in 1994 and implemented in 1995. During this period the Japanese government also expanded social services for children and the elderly, providing increased support services, increasing funding to care facilities and organisations, and legislating new insurance programs. In the 1990s, Shanghai introduced a housing affordability program which was then later expanded to include all of China. In 2000, Hong Kong introduced a superannuation scheme policy, with China implementing a similar policy soon after. 3699: 3764: 31: 3316: 2461: 3525: 2361: 3347: 2386: 2643: 2436: 1968: 3704: 3223: 1735:, as countries with large welfare programs often provide a wide range of social services. Social services are employed to address the wide range of needs of a society. Prior to industrialisation, the provision of social services was largely confined to private organisations and charities, with the extent of its coverage also limited. Social services are now generally regarded globally as a 'necessary function' of society and a mechanism through which governments may address societal issues. 3134: 2486: 3825: 3405: 2261: 1767: 3254: 2511: 4682:. 2 bar charts: For both: From bottom menus: Countries menu > choose OECD. Check box for "latest data available". Perspectives menu > Check box to "compare variables". Then check the boxes for government/compulsory, voluntary, and total. Click top tab for chart (bar chart). For GDP chart choose "% of GDP" from bottom menu. For per capita chart choose "US dollars/per capita". Click fullscreen button above chart. Click "print screen" key. Click top tab for table, to see data. 7090: 3015: 3196: 1681: 3645: 1669: 7054: 5495: 2984: 3467: 63: 2130:. Additionally, the countries with the perception of high-quality public services, specifically Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands, scored the highest on levels of happiness. Conversely, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania and Italy, who scored low on levels of satisfaction of social services, had low levels of happiness, with some sociologists arguing this indicates there is a strong correlation between happiness and social services. 3072: 3374: 2953: 7079: 2674: 2286: 3587: 3556: 3165: 3285: 2767: 2705: 2311: 3618: 3494: 3436: 2922: 2860: 2236: 3676: 2829: 2336: 2798: 2211: 1942: 3103: 2612: 2411: 2736: 2536: 3045: 2891: 1938:
afterwards, with Sweden enacting voluntary sickness insurance in 1892, Denmark in 1892, Belgium in 1894, Switzerland in 1911, and Italy in 1886. Additionally, Belgium, France and Italy enacted legislation subsidising voluntary old-age insurance in this period. By the time the Netherlands introduced compulsory sickness insurance in 1913, all major European countries had introduced some form of insurance scheme.
7066: 5507: 1746:, as well as religious and cultural values. The availability and coverage of social services varies significantly within societies. The main groups which social services is catered toward are: families, children, youths, elders, women, the sick, and the disabled. Social services consists of facilities and services such as: public education, welfare, infrastructure, mail, libraries, social work, 3738:(WHO), the provision of health services is a significant factor in ensuring that individuals are able to maintain their health and wellbeing. The WHO identifies 16 health services that must be provided by countries to ensure that universal health coverage is achieved. These are classified under four categories: reproductive, maternal and children health services, 1821:, and transport services. Social services can be both communal and individually based. This means that they may be implemented to provide assistance to the community broadly, such as economic support for unemployed citizens, or they may be administered specifically considering the need of an individual – such as 3793:
however the effectiveness of these programs are significantly reduced when they are not correctly implemented, or when these programs are not implemented together. The issues in which social services attempt at preventing for children include substance abuse, underemployment and unemployment, homelessness and
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at the time of the outbreak. Social services, such as education, have been required to adapt to changing social conditions while still providing essential services. Social services have expanded worldwide through the introduction of economic stimulus packages, with governments globally committing US$
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Within the area of child welfare, social services aim to provide help to children and their families, while providing mechanisms to ensure they are able to live safe, stable lives with a permanent home. In the United States, 3 million children are maltreated each year, with the overall economic costs
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totalling up to US$ 80 billion annually. Social service programs cost the US$ 29 billion USD on child maltreatment prevention and child welfare services. According to researchers, social service programs are effective in reducing maltreatment and reducing overall economic costs to society,
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data reveals that the provision of universal health coverage leads to significantly positive outcomes on society. This includes a positive correlation between life expectancy and the provision of health services and a negative relationship between life expectancy and countries which's social service
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study in 2011 found that the countries with the highest ratings were Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland, while the lowest ratings were given by people from Estonia, Portugal and Hungary. Another study recorded by the Global Barometer of Happiness in 2011 found similar results. Both of these studies
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The development of social services increased significantly in the last two decades of the nineteenth century in Europe. There are a number of factors that contributed to the development of social services in this period. These include: the impacts of industrialisation and urbanisation, the influence
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also introduced a large amount of social welfare legislation in this period. Mandatory sickness insurance was introduced in 1883, with workplace accident insurance enacted in 1884 alongside old age and invalidity schemes in 1889. Insurance laws of this kind were emulated in other European countries
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government in 1953 propagated a healthcare inclusive workers insurance programme. A separate insurance scheme for bureaucrats and the military was also provided in Korea in this time. In 1968, Singapore increased its social services program to include public housing, and expanding this further in
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However, the impact of social service programs on poverty varies depending on the service. One paper conducted within China indicates that social services in the form of direct financial assistance does not have a positive impact on the reduction of poverty rates. The paper also stated that the
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According to Carmelo Meso-Lago, social services and welfare systems within South America developed in three separate stages, with three groups of countries developing at different rates. The first group, consisting of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay, developed social insurance
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Social services may be available to the entirety of the population, such as the police and fire services, or they may be available to only specific groups or sections of society. Some examples of social service recipients include elderly people, children and families, people with disabilities,
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it was set at 12 hours per day. The Act also was the first legislation requiring compulsory schooling within Britain. Another central development for the existence of social services was Switzerland's legislation of the Factory Act in 1877. The Factory Act introduced limitations on
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have provided critical services in containing the pandemic and ensuring society functions. The impact of the pandemic was compounded by the shortage of social services globally, with the world requiring six million more nurses and midwives to achieve the goals set within the
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scheme was introduced in 1955. Within Korea, voluntary health insurance was made available in 1963 and mandated in 1976. Private insurance was only available to citizens employed by large corporate firms, while a separate insurance plans were provided to
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including both physical and mental disabilities. These may extend to drug users, young offenders and refugees and asylum seekers depending on the country and its social service programs, as well as the presence of non-governmental organisations.
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In the nineteenth century, as countries industrialised further, the extent of social services in the form of labour schemes and compensation expanded. The expansion of social services began following Britain's legislation of the 1833
3969: 1833:'. This model provides significant aid to disadvantaged groups such as people with disabilities and is administered through the local government with limited contributions from non-governmental organisations. 1801:, social assistance, social care and social work, with many of the terms overlapping in characteristics and features. What is considered a ‘social service’ in a specific country is determined by its history, 3809:. Following 1996 welfare reform in the US, employment rates among single mothers have increased considerably from 60% in 1994 to 72% in 1999. Social services, particularly education, are considered by 1855:
model: employed in the UK and Australia, the government provides support but has stringent regulations and checks which it employs to determine who is entitled to receive social services or assistance.
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programs do not provide universal healthcare coverage. Additionally, the density of the provision of healthcare services by the government is positively associated with increases in life expectancy.
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Following domestic political upheaval within Asian countries in the 1980s, the availability social services considerably increased in the region. In 1988 in Korea, health insurance was granted to
4960: 1247: 1731:. They may be provided by individuals, private and independent organizations, or administered by a government agency. Social services are connected with the concept of welfare and the 3817:. Social services, notably educational programs and aid provided by organisations such as UNICEF, are also essential in providing women strategies and tools to prevent and respond to 1912:. The legislation set limits on the minimum age of children working, preventing children younger than nine years of age from working. Additionally, the Act set a limit of 48 1896: 2152:
provision of public services in the form of medical insurance, health services and hygiene protection have a 'significantly positive' impact upon the reduction of poverty.
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1984 to include medical care. Within both Korea and Taiwan, by the 1980s the number of workers that were covered by labour insurance had not increased above 20%.
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Research indicates that welfare programs, which are included as a part of social services, have a considerable impact upon poverty rates in countries in which
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as an effective method through which to combat gender inequality. Social services such as education may be employed to overcome discrimination and challenge
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Ringel, Jeanne S.; Schultz, Dana; Mendelsohn, Joshua; Holliday, Stephanie Brooks; Sieck, Katharine; Edochie, Ifeanyi; Davis, Lauren (2018-03-30).
3821:. Other examples of social services which may help address this issue include the police, welfare services, counselling, legal aid and healthcare. 4774:. Click the sources tab under the chart for info on the countries, healthcare expenditures, and data sources. See the later version of the chart 3887: 6364: 3882: 3872: 3710:
The topmost graph displays spending on social services as a percentage of yearly GDP in OECD countries from the period between 1880 and 2016.
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The table below displays the welfare spending of countries as a percentage of their total GDP. The statistics are sourced from the
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are a range of public services intended to provide support and assistance towards particular groups, which commonly include the
6359: 6339: 1972: 1510: 1785:. This non-governmental charity provides the sourcing, preparation and delivery of food to disadvantaged peoples, such as the 6349: 5867: 4231: 4080: 4019: 1555: 1349: 1128: 4763: 1381: 1242: 1190: 1185: 6354: 6281: 6211: 4961:"The role of public service and public servants during the COVID-19 pandemic | Department of Economic and Social Affairs" 1498: 1210: 1061: 663: 6261: 6206: 1421: 1319: 1267: 1205: 1200: 1138: 6140: 2163: 2155: 6291: 6286: 6251: 6196: 6039: 4283: 1426: 1051: 806: 5989: 7070: 6276: 6271: 6246: 6226: 6201: 6191: 6168: 5511: 4852: 4697: 3797:. Social service programs within this area include family preservation, kinship care, foster and residential care. 3780: 1991: 1704: 1461: 7006: 6311: 6301: 6266: 6221: 6216: 6173: 1488: 393: 17: 7094: 1899:
Illustration of industrial-era child labour, depicting a girl pulling coal up a mineshaft. The Factory Laws and
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indicated that the most important aspects of quality of life to people were health, education, welfare and the
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Empirical evidence suggests that social service programs have had a significant impact upon the employment of
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price differences between countries, the relationship between life expectancy and healthcare expenditure.
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Moller, Stephanie; Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D.; Bradley, David; Nielsen, Francois (February 2003).
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Within Asia, the significant development of social services first began in Japan after the conclusion of
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Japan's economic expenditure on core social services post WWII, sourced from the Japanese Government's
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thought regarding state responsibility for welfare, and the growing influence of trade unions and the
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There have been several findings which indicate that social services have a positive impact upon the
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The above graph displays social spending as a percentage of yearly GDP in OECD countries in 2015.
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The absolute poverty rates of various countries before and after their introduction of welfare
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The relative poverty rates before and after the introduction of welfare of various countries
1949:. Through the passage Factory Acts, the severity and commonality of child labour decreased. 786: 7136: 6848: 6688: 6661: 6656: 6553: 6114: 6089: 6069: 5999: 5934: 5853: 5809: 5684: 5227: 3832:. Social services and social workers played a central role in the response to the pandemic. 3829: 2096: 1998:
laws in 1958 and pensions in 1959 to address societal upheaval. In Singapore, a compulsory
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The provision of education services is an example of a social service. For more, see
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in the late nineteenth century aimed at limiting and ending child labour in Europe.
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The provision of social services by governments is linked to the belief of
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Social services have played a central role in the global response to the
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The term ‘social services’ is often substituted with other terms such as
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Dimian, Gina (2012). "PUBLIC SERVICES – KEY FACTOR TO QUALITY OF LIFE".
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Flora, Peter (2017-07-28). Flora, Peter; Heidenheimer, Arnold J (eds.).
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Link between health spending and life expectancy: US is an outlier
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STRATEGY OF EQUALITY : redistribution and the social services
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Chen, Sixia; Li, Jianjun; Lu, Shengfeng; Xiong, Bo (2017-06-05).
4061:"'Late Industrializers' and the Development of the Welfare State" 1941: 1813:. The most central aspects of social services include education, 1810: 1802: 1794: 713: 319: 253: 5523: 3852:, public officials, teachers, social welfare officers and other 2182:(threshold set at 40% of United States median household income) 4988:
In Chelsea, coalition aims to save lives on verge of unraveling
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Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society
3810: 2020: 383: 4608:"The evolution and impact of social security in South Africa" 3918:
Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government (UK)
5182: 4667: 3751: 2571: 2122: 4494: 4000:"The Welfare State, Public Services and the 'Social Wage'" 3730:. $ 6,319 for Canada in 2022. $ 12,555 for the US in 2022. 1895: 6602: 2578:
Welfare spending of countries as percentage of total GDP
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The Scandinavian model: based on the principles within '
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The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America
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A photograph of a 10-year-old girl in 1912 employed in
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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A photograph of a doctor in 2020 in the midst of the
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Department for Communities and Local Government (UK)
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130 Billion as of June 2020 to manage the pandemic.
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International Association of Schools of Social Work
4385:"Welcome to Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare" 4067:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 215–245, 4006:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 162–184, 3908:
Ministry of Community and Social Services (Ontario)
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Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
6340:National Association of Social Workers (American) 6330:International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) 1916:for children aged 9 to 13, and for children aged 7108: 6335:National Alliance of Professional Social Workers 3997: 3767:This graph displays, adjusted for inflation and 6370:Professional Social Workers' Association (PSWA) 6141:Bachelor of Social Work (BA, BSc or BSW) degree 4853:"From Welfare to Work: What the Evidence Shows" 4727:"Universal Health Coverage and Health Outcomes" 3836: 1836:The family care model: employed throughout the 4661: 4649:"Government spending climbs to R1,71 trillion" 1986:in the 1950s following the reformation of the 6427: 6355:Institute of Medical Social Workers (British) 6154:Master of Social Work degree (MA, MSc or MSW) 5861: 5539: 5009: 4605: 4546: 3873:Australian referendum, 1946 (Social Services) 1705: 1037:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties 1007:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 2566:List of countries by social welfare spending 1953: 6365:Scottish Children's Reporter Administration 6136:Qualifications for professional social work 4190: 4188: 4004:Developmental Pathways to Poverty Reduction 3998:Seekings, Jeremy; Nattrass, Nicoli (2015), 1933:for children and young adults. In Germany, 6434: 6420: 6159:Doctor of Social Work degree (Ph.D or DSW) 5868: 5854: 5546: 5532: 5016: 5002: 3726:. Public and private spending. US dollars 1712: 1698: 4824: 4606:Woolard, Ingrid; Klasen, Stephan (2010). 4582: 4564: 4466: 4440: 3913:New York State Social Services Department 1777:preparing food. This is an example of an 1042:International Federation of Liberal Youth 6345:Australian Association of Social Workers 4904:"Turning domestic violence into triumph" 4336: 4185: 4164: 3823: 3762: 3718: 3702: 3697: 2162: 2154: 1966: 1940: 1894: 1765: 29: 4850: 4425:: 151–164 – via ProQuest Central. 4219: 4179:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579396.003.0045 4058: 1758:, public transport and public housing. 1022:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats 14: 7109: 6360:Canadian Association of Social Workers 6115:Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4874: 4872: 4846: 4844: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4416: 4165:Peng, Ito; Wong, Joseph (2010-07-15). 4065:Social Policy in a Development Context 2560:Expenditure on social welfare programs 6415: 6350:British Association of Social Workers 5849: 5527: 4997: 4851:Moffitt, Robert A. (2 January 2002). 4490: 4488: 4486: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4263: 4215: 4213: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2172:Poverty levels pre- and post-welfare 1973:Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 1890: 1873: 1781:which provides the social service of 7065: 5506: 4757: 4337:Grandner, Margarete (January 1996). 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4197:"Social Expenditure Database (SOCX)" 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 2148:accounts for over 20% of their GDP. 6441: 5023: 4944: 4869: 4841: 4781: 4714: 4685: 4535: 1962: 1062:Liberal South East European Network 24: 4801:"Improving Child Welfare Outcomes" 4672:Health resources – Health spending 4483: 4429: 4401: 4323: 4210: 3986: 3883:Department of Social Services (US) 3714: 2180:Absolute poverty rate (1960–1991) 2112: 1761: 25: 7173: 6040:Social learning (social pedagogy) 5553: 4981: 4928:"Police, legal help, and the law" 4698:"Universal health coverage (UHC)" 4553:Global Health Research and Policy 4292: 4248: 4127: 4094: 4033: 3935: 1052:Liberal Network for Latin America 485:(contributions to liberal theory) 7088: 7077: 7064: 7053: 7052: 6169:Council on Social Work Education 5505: 5494: 5493: 4194: 3724:Total healthcare cost per person 3674: 3643: 3616: 3585: 3554: 3523: 3492: 3465: 3434: 3403: 3372: 3345: 3314: 3283: 3252: 3221: 3194: 3163: 3132: 3101: 3070: 3043: 3013: 2982: 2951: 2920: 2889: 2858: 2827: 2796: 2765: 2734: 2703: 2672: 2641: 2610: 2534: 2509: 2484: 2459: 2434: 2409: 2384: 2359: 2334: 2309: 2284: 2259: 2234: 2209: 1679: 1667: 61: 7007:List of social science journals 4932:Family & Community Services 4920: 4896: 4641: 4599: 4377: 3781:Healthcare in the United States 6964:Science and technology studies 6010:Solution focused brief therapy 3878:Child Protective Services (US) 3773:US average of $ 10,447 in 2018 426:Separation of church and state 13: 1: 5293:Needle and syringe programmes 5147:Universal access to education 3974:scholar.googleusercontent.com 3929: 3923:Social Welfare (constituency) 3903:International Social Services 3859:Sustainable Development Goals 1859: 5995:Cognitive behavioral therapy 4501:American Sociological Review 4441:Kenworthy, L. (1999-03-01). 3837:Social services and COVID-19 3819:domestic and family violence 7: 6095:Social work in the military 5376:Publicly funded health care 3865: 3758: 2140:Welfare's effect on poverty 2021:self-employed rural workers 10: 7178: 4220:JULIAN., LE GRAND (2020). 3970:"EUROPEAN SOCIAL SERVICES" 2563: 2137: 2133: 2107: 1982:. Due to rising levels of 1868: 7048: 7015: 6999: 6746: 6472: 6449: 6378: 6320: 6182: 6128: 6080:Psychiatric social worker 6052: 5907: 5891: 5884: 5782: 5561: 5489: 5433: 5401:National health insurance 5366: 5353:Supervised injection site 5263: 5213: 5160: 5054: 5031: 4566:10.1186/s41256-017-0035-x 4355:10.1017/s006723780000583x 4343:Austrian History Yearbook 3893:Emergency Social Services 3744:noncommunicable' diseases 3736:World Health Organization 3669: 3638: 3611: 3580: 3549: 3518: 3487: 3460: 3429: 3398: 3367: 3340: 3309: 3278: 3247: 3216: 3189: 3158: 3127: 3096: 3065: 3038: 3008: 2977: 2946: 2915: 2884: 2853: 2822: 2791: 2760: 2729: 2698: 2667: 2636: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2532: 2507: 2482: 2457: 2432: 2407: 2382: 2357: 2332: 2307: 2282: 2257: 2232: 2207: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 1954:South America (1910–1960) 1649:Sexually liberal feminism 1556:Bias in American academia 1027:European Democratic Party 483:List of liberal theorists 5915:Anti-oppressive practice 5835:Public policy by country 5396:Single-payer health care 5205:Universal basic services 5152:Universal basic services 4073:10.1057/9780230523975_10 3800: 2063:Charitable Organisations 2026: 1992:Liberal Democratic Party 308:Labor theory of property 27:Range of public services 6652:international relations 6015:Strength-based practice 5990:Psychosocial assessment 5980:Performance measurement 5097:Public good (economics) 4171:Oxford Handbooks Online 4115:Encyclopedia Britannica 4059:Pierson, Chris (2004), 4012:10.1057/9781137452696_7 3779:in 2010. For more, see 2092:Crisis Support Services 1017:Arab Liberal Federation 207:Consent of the governed 6979:Quantum social science 6174:Schools of social work 6070:Forensic social worker 5930:Community organization 5805:Public policy doctrine 4745:Cite journal requires 4629:Cite journal requires 4307:"The 1833 Factory Act" 3833: 3784: 3746:, and basic access to 3731: 3711: 3708: 2186:Relative poverty rate 2168: 2160: 1975: 1950: 1914:working hours per week 1904: 1790: 1740:universal human rights 1032:European Liberal Youth 1002:Africa Liberal Network 227:Economic globalization 39: 7016:Other categorizations 6869:International studies 6854:History of technology 6789:Communication studies 6672:public administration 6085:Rehabilitation worker 6075:Medical social worker 5965:New Public Management 5940:Financial social work 5795:Public administration 5790:Evidence-based policy 5245:Public infrastructure 5082:Public administration 5067:Free-culture movement 4805:Rand Health Quarterly 4276:10.4324/9781351304924 3827: 3766: 3722: 3706: 3701: 2166: 2158: 2102:Public transportation 1994:legislated extensive 1970: 1944: 1931:workplace protections 1898: 1769: 1752:universal health care 1744:democratic principles 1674:Liberalism portal 1546:Anti-authoritarianism 1047:Liberal International 33: 6849:Historical sociology 6090:School social worker 6053:Types of social work 6000:Recreational therapy 5935:Critical social work 5879:and related concepts 5810:Public policy school 4459:10.1093/sf/77.3.1119 3830:coronavirus outbreak 3795:criminal convictions 478:Age of Enlightenment 431:Separation of powers 7029:Geisteswissenschaft 7023:Behavioral sciences 6949:Political sociology 6864:Information science 6809:Development studies 6307:Trinidad and Tobago 6100:Social group worker 5920:Crisis intervention 5481:Public viewing area 5250:Public water system 5238:Municipal broadband 5195:Public broadcasting 4766:. May 26, 2017. By 4680:10.1787/8643de7e-en 3777:Affordable Care Act 3740:infectious diseases 2579: 2173: 2146:welfare expenditure 2121:of individuals. An 2077:Disability Services 1686:Politics portal 389:Civil and political 362:Popular sovereignty 222:Economic liberalism 7162:Left-wing politics 7084:Society portal 6571:auxiliary sciences 6060:Social case worker 5975:Program evaluation 5925:Community practice 5446:Government auction 5132:Public procurement 3850:Healthcare workers 3834: 3790:child maltreatment 3785: 3732: 3712: 3709: 2577: 2171: 2169: 2161: 2009:military personnel 1976: 1951: 1927:maternity benefits 1905: 1891:Europe (1833–1914) 1874:Early developments 1791: 357:Permissive society 337:Limited government 40: 7152:Social liberalism 7104: 7103: 6944:Political economy 6939:Political ecology 6794:Community studies 6784:Cognitive science 6747:Interdisciplinary 6647:Political science 6409: 6408: 6048: 6047: 6005:Health psychology 5950:Group development 5843: 5842: 5768: 5761: 5754: 5715: 5708: 5679: 5672: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5618: 5611: 5597: 5521: 5520: 5348:Public university 5328:Public open space 5273:Drinking fountain 5233:Telecommunication 4880:"Gender equality" 4772:Our World in Data 4311:www.parliament.uk 4233:978-1-138-59765-5 4082:978-1-4039-3661-5 4021:978-1-349-56904-5 3734:According to the 3696: 3695: 2557: 2556: 2011:. In Taiwan, the 1984:social inequality 1935:Otto von Bismarck 1799:social protection 1722: 1721: 1561:Bias in the media 1077:Regional variants 394:Natural and legal 16:(Redirected from 7169: 7092: 7082: 7081: 7068: 7067: 7056: 7055: 6959:Regional science 6804:Cultural studies 6779:Business studies 6436: 6429: 6422: 6413: 6412: 6065:Child protection 6020:Systems thinking 5889: 5888: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5847: 5846: 5800:Public budgeting 5764: 5757: 5750: 5711: 5704: 5677:Renewable energy 5675: 5668: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5628: 5621: 5614: 5607: 5593: 5548: 5541: 5534: 5525: 5524: 5509: 5508: 5497: 5496: 5408:Social insurance 5255:Waste management 5223:Electric utility 5200:Public transport 5117:Public ownership 5036:Municipalization 5018: 5011: 5004: 4995: 4994: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4957: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4863: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4828: 4796: 4779: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4733: 4731: 4723: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4694: 4683: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4655: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4586: 4568: 4544: 4533: 4532: 4492: 4481: 4480: 4470: 4453:(3): 1119–1139. 4438: 4427: 4426: 4414: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4395: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4334: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4303: 4290: 4289: 4261: 4246: 4245: 4217: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4192: 4183: 4182: 4162: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4111:"Social service" 4107: 4092: 4091: 4090: 4089: 4056: 4031: 4030: 4029: 4028: 3995: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3966: 3748:medical services 3680: 3678: 3677: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3622: 3620: 3619: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3560: 3558: 3557: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3200: 3198: 3197: 3169: 3167: 3166: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3019: 3017: 3016: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2957: 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studies 6753:Administration 6742: 6468: 6445: 6443:Social sciences 6440: 6410: 6405: 6374: 6322: 6316: 6184: 6178: 6124: 6105:Social planning 6044: 6035:Social medicine 5970:Policy analysis 5903: 5880: 5874: 5844: 5839: 5815:Policy analysis 5778: 5557: 5552: 5522: 5517: 5485: 5471:Public security 5461:Public offering 5429: 5418:Social security 5368:Social services 5362: 5318:Public hospital 5313:Public computer 5308:Public bookcase 5259: 5209: 5178:Law enforcement 5173:Fire department 5156: 5107:Public interest 5050: 5046:Progressive tax 5041:Nationalization 5027: 5025:Public services 5022: 4984: 4979: 4970: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4945: 4936: 4934: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4912: 4910: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4888: 4886: 4878: 4877: 4870: 4861: 4859: 4849: 4842: 4797: 4782: 4762: 4758: 4746: 4744: 4735: 4734: 4732:. 22 July 2016. 4729: 4725: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4704: 4696: 4695: 4686: 4666: 4662: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4630: 4628: 4619: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4604: 4600: 4545: 4536: 4513:10.2307/3088901 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2310: 2308: 2285: 2283: 2260: 2258: 2235: 2233: 2210: 2208: 2142: 2136: 2119:quality of life 2115: 2113:Quality of life 2110: 2029: 1965: 1956: 1901:labor movements 1893: 1885:labour movement 1876: 1871: 1862: 1815:health services 1811:economic status 1783:food assistance 1775:Meals on Wheels 1764: 1762:Characteristics 1725:Social services 1718: 1678: 1666: 1659: 1658: 1541: 1533: 1532: 1335:North Macedonia 1079: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1057:Liberal parties 995: 987: 986: 777: 769: 768: 499: 489: 488: 473: 463: 462: 458:State of nature 446:Social services 436:Social contract 399:To own property 202: 194: 193: 73: 28: 23: 22: 18:Social Services 15: 12: 11: 5: 7175: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7147:Social justice 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7086: 7074: 7062: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7025: 7019: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6912:social science 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6844:Global studies 6841: 6839:Gender studies 6836: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6822:social science 6818:Environmental 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6750: 6748: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6517:macroeconomics 6514: 6512:microeconomics 6504: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6476: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6439: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6416: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6326: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6185:by nationality 6183:Social workers 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6143: 6138: 6132: 6130: 6129:Qualifications 6126: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6120:Youth services 6117: 6112: 6110:Welfare worker 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6030:Social actions 6027: 6025:Social justice 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5895: 5893: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5873: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5850: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5830:Youth services 5827: 5822: 5820:Policy studies 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5762: 5755: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5717: 5716: 5709: 5706:Pharmaceutical 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5673: 5670:Nuclear energy 5661: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5600: 5599: 5598: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5574:Climate change 5571: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5551: 5550: 5543: 5536: 5528: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5503: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5456:Public holiday 5453: 5448: 5443: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5425:Youth services 5422: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5413:Social pension 5405: 5404: 5403: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5381:Public housing 5378: 5372: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5323:Public library 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5288:Infrastructure 5285: 5283:Free education 5280: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5230: 5225: 5219: 5217: 5215:Public utility 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5191: 5190: 5188:Savings system 5183:Postal service 5180: 5175: 5170: 5164: 5162: 5161:Basic services 5158: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5077:Product sample 5074: 5072:Free newspaper 5069: 5064: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5021: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4983: 4982:External links 4980: 4978: 4977: 4943: 4919: 4895: 4884:www.unicef.org 4868: 4840: 4780: 4756: 4747:|journal= 4713: 4684: 4660: 4640: 4631:|journal= 4598: 4534: 4482: 4428: 4400: 4389:www.mhlw.go.jp 4376: 4322: 4291: 4284: 4247: 4232: 4209: 4184: 4126: 4093: 4081: 4032: 4020: 3985: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3898:Human services 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3838: 3835: 3807:single mothers 3802: 3799: 3760: 3757: 3716: 3713: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3342: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3259:United States 3249: 3245: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2917: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2638: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2564:Main article: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2516:United States 2505: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2355: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2138:Main article: 2135: 2132: 2128:cost of living 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2087:Youth Services 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2067:Public housing 2064: 2061: 2056: 2054:Insurance laws 2051: 2046: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2028: 2025: 2005:Civil Servants 2000:superannuation 1964: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1892: 1889: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1849: 1834: 1803:cultural norms 1795:social welfare 1763: 1760: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1716: 1709: 1702: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1676: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1654:Utilitarianism 1651: 1646: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1627:Libertarianism 1624: 1622:Land value tax 1619: 1618: 1617: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1595:Egalitarianism 1592: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1551:Anti-communism 1548: 1542: 1540:Related topics 1539: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1496: 1494:Arizona School 1486: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1462:United Kingdom 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1080: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 998: 997: 996: 993: 992: 989: 988: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 778: 775: 774: 771: 770: 767: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 589:Wollstonecraft 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 500: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 480: 474: 469: 468: 465: 464: 461: 460: 455: 454: 453: 448: 441:Social justice 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 407: 406: 401: 396: 391: 381: 380: 379: 374: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 342:Market economy 339: 334: 333: 332: 327: 317: 310: 305: 303:Invisible hand 300: 295: 293:Harm principle 290: 289: 288: 283: 278: 273: 272: 271: 266: 251: 246: 245: 244: 239: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 203: 200: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 170: 169: 164: 159: 158: 157: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 106: 105: 95: 90: 85: 80: 74: 71: 70: 67: 66: 58: 57: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7174: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7132:Welfare state 7130: 7128: 7127:Progressivism 7125: 7123: 7122:Public policy 7120: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7087: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7051: 7050: 7047: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7035:Human science 7033: 7031: 7030: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6992: 6991:Vegan studies 6989: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6954:Public health 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6888:Philosophies 6887: 6885: 6884:Media studies 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6859:Human ecology 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6769:Anthrozoology 6767: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6694:developmental 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6677: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6667:public policy 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6645: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6618:legal systems 6616: 6614: 6613:legal history 6611: 6609: 6608:jurisprudence 6606: 6605: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6505: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6432: 6430: 6425: 6423: 6418: 6417: 6414: 6402: 6401:Joyce Lishman 6399: 6397: 6396:Harry Hopkins 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6319: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150:(Scandinavia) 6149: 6148: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6051: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5985:Psychometrics 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5871: 5866: 5864: 5859: 5857: 5852: 5851: 5848: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5767: 5763: 5760: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5685:Environmental 5683: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5620: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5555:Public policy 5549: 5544: 5542: 5537: 5535: 5530: 5529: 5526: 5514: 5513: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5466:Public sector 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5391:Job guarantee 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5343:Public toilet 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5333:Public school 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5228:Oil & gas 5226: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5168:Civil service 5166: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5127:Public rights 5125: 5123: 5122:Public policy 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5102:Public health 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5092:Public domain 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5030: 5026: 5019: 5014: 5012: 5007: 5005: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4858: 4854: 4847: 4845: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4760: 4752: 4739: 4728: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4650: 4644: 4636: 4623: 4609: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4447:Social Forces 4444: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4287: 4285:9781351304924 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4226:. ROUTLEDGE. 4225: 4224: 4216: 4214: 4198: 4191: 4189: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4023: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3934: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3863: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3844: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3791: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3705: 3700: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020:South Africa 3011: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2608: 2604: 2581: 2575: 2573: 2567: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2531: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2456: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2206: 2203:Post-welfare 2197:Post-welfare 2192: 2189: 2183: 2175: 2165: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2049:Fire Services 2047: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2024: 2022: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1974: 1969: 1960: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1929:and provided 1928: 1924: 1923:working hours 1919: 1915: 1911: 1902: 1897: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1866: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1838:Mediterranean 1835: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1759: 1757: 1756:fire services 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1734: 1733:welfare state 1730: 1729:disadvantaged 1726: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610:Individualism 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 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1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1089:Latin America 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 999: 994:Organizations 991: 990: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 779: 773: 772: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 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land 5062:Common good 4702:www.who.int 4202:15 February 4167:"East Asia" 2989:Luxembourg 2044:Labour Laws 1925:, provided 1910:Factory Act 1472:Gladstonian 1432:Switzerland 1417:South Korea 1360:Philippines 1320:New Zealand 1315:Netherlands 972:Verhofstadt 967:Balcerowicz 776:Politicians 704:Collingwood 644:Tocqueville 519:Montesquieu 411:Rule of law 212:Due process 7157:Liberalism 7111:Categories 7040:Humanities 6974:historical 6907:psychology 6879:Management 6721:demography 6679:Psychology 6662:philosophy 6623:public law 6554:integrated 6262:Indonesian 6207:Australian 5960:Management 5955:Leadership 5825:Regulation 5766:Technology 5630:Investment 5623:Industrial 5476:Public use 5358:Urban park 5298:Public art 5087:Public bad 4971:2021-06-02 4965:www.un.org 4937:2021-06-02 4913:2021-06-02 4889:2021-06-02 4862:2021-06-02 4707:2021-06-02 4654:2020-11-13 4613:2020-11-13 4394:2021-06-02 4349:: 77–107. 4316:2021-06-01 4242:1124357973 4120:2021-06-01 4088:2021-06-01 4027:2021-06-02 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1325:Nicaragua 1290:Lithuania 1149:Hong Kong 1104:Australia 942:Roosevelt 912:Ståhlberg 907:Venizelos 862:Sarmiento 852:Gladstone 812:Lamartine 782:Jefferson 634:Martineau 584:De Gouges 569:Condorcet 554:Priestley 217:Democracy 189:Third Way 150:Christian 145:Religious 78:Classical 7059:Category 6927:regional 6922:land use 6757:business 6726:internet 6684:abnormal 6586:military 6576:economic 6566:cultural 6539:physical 6500:physical 6490:cultural 6277:Nepalese 6272:Japanese 6247:Guyanese 6227:Canadian 6202:Austrian 6192:American 6147:Socionom 5885:Concepts 5741:Military 5736:Language 5637:Monetary 5603:Economic 5584:Domestic 5579:Cultural 5500:Category 5434:See also 5055:Concepts 4835:30083416 4811:(4): 4. 4593:29202083 3866:See also 3846:pandemic 3843:COVID-19 3759:Children 3592:Ireland 3561:Iceland 3290:Estonia 3170:Hungary 2834:Germany 2772:Austria 2710:Denmark 2679:Finland 2648:Belgium 2586:Country 2441:Belgium 2341:Germany 2316:Denmark 2291:Finland 2177:Country 1918:13 to 18 1787:homeless 1605:Humanism 1578:Centrism 1528:Zimbabwe 1482:Whiggism 1442:Thailand 1407:Slovenia 1402:Slovakia 1377:Portugal 1350:Paraguay 1273:Liberism 1238:Honduras 1156:Colombia 1129:Bulgaria 922:Rathenau 897:Milyukov 817:Macaulay 787:Kołłątaj 759:Kymlicka 739:Friedman 684:Cassirer 674:Hobhouse 609:Constant 604:Humboldt 564:Beccaria 529:Rousseau 524:Voltaire 367:Property 330:Positive 325:Negative 281:Religion 259:Economic 232:Equality 155:Catholic 125:National 120:Muscular 98:Feminist 88:Cultural 47:a series 45:Part of 7071:Commons 6902:history 6892:science 6827:studies 6561:History 6473:Primary 6459:History 6454:Outline 6312:Ugandan 6302:Swedish 6267:Israeli 6222:British 6217:Belgian 5892:Primary 5746:Science 5721:Housing 5695:Foreign 5616:Incomes 5512:Commons 5441:Commons 4826:6075810 4584:5683608 4529:3088901 3623:Turkey 3499:Israel 3441:Latvia 3352:Canada 3108:Poland 2927:Greece 2865:Norway 2803:Sweden 2617:France 2416:France 2391:Canada 2241:Norway 2216:Sweden 2134:Poverty 2108:Impacts 1869:History 1518:Uruguay 1457:Ukraine 1447:Tunisia 1392:Senegal 1382:Romania 1330:Nigeria 1305:Moldova 1248:Iceland 1243:Hungary 1221:Germany 1216:Georgia 1206:Finland 1201:Estonia 1191:Ecuador 1186:Denmark 1181:Czechia 1166:Croatia 1119:Bolivia 1114:Belgium 1109:Austria 1099:Armenia 1094:Albania 962:Jenkins 957:Kennedy 947:Pearson 932:Einaudi 917:Gokhale 877:Itagaki 872:Naoroji 867:Mommsen 847:Lincoln 837:Mazzini 822:Kossuth 807:Broglie 802:Bolívar 797:Artigas 792:Madison 654:Spencer 639:Emerson 629:Bastiat 614:Ricardo 574:Bentham 514:Spinoza 471:History 372:Private 320:Liberty 254:Freedom 174:Secular 162:Islamic 140:Radical 72:Schools 6762:public 6704:social 6596:social 6495:social 6297:Polish 6257:Indian 6242:German 6237:French 5774:Social 5700:Health 5664:Energy 5609:Fiscal 5595:reform 5562:Fields 4833:  4823:  4815:  4670:Data. 4591:  4581:  4573:  4527:  4519:  4475:  4369:  4361:  4282:  4240:  4230:  4195:OECD. 4079:  4018:  3811:UNICEF 3681:Chile 3679:  3648:  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4525:JSTOR 4367:S2CID 3801:Women 3684:10.9 3656:10.4 3653:11.1 3626:12.5 3607:12.6 3604:14.9 3601:22.4 3598:16.1 3595:14.4 3576:14.6 3573:15.9 3570:17.0 3567:15.2 3564:16.0 3545:16.3 3542:18.4 3539:18.4 3536:19.7 3533:16.0 3514:17.0 3511:16.3 3508:16.0 3505:16.1 3502:16.0 3475:16.2 3456:14.8 3453:12.2 3450:18.7 3447:14.5 3444:16.2 3425:18.4 3422:20.5 3419:22.1 3416:22.0 3413:16.7 3394:17.6 3391:15.8 3388:18.1 3385:18.6 3382:17.0 3355:17.3 3336:18.2 3333:16.7 3330:16.7 3327:19.1 3324:17.8 3305:13.8 3302:13.0 3299:18.3 3296:17.4 3293:18.4 3274:14.3 3271:15.6 3268:19.3 3265:19.3 3262:18.7 3243:18.0 3240:18.1 3237:19.8 3234:19.4 3231:18.7 3204:18.9 3185:20.1 3182:21.9 3179:23.0 3176:20.6 3173:19.4 3154:17.7 3151:19.4 3148:22.8 3145:21.5 3142:20.6 3123:20.2 3120:20.9 3117:20.6 3114:20.2 3111:21.1 3092:22.4 3089:21.4 3086:23.4 3083:22.8 3080:21.2 3053:21.9 3034:19.4 3031:20.0 3028:20.7 3004:18.6 3001:22.4 2998:22.9 2995:21.8 2992:22.4 2973:18.5 2970:22.3 2967:24.5 2964:24.1 2961:22.6 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1196:Egypt 1144:China 1139:Chile 977:Obama 952:Ohlin 887:Kemal 744:Rawls 719:Hayek 709:Čapek 689:Mises 679:Croce 669:Weber 664:Acton 594:Staël 559:Paine 549:Burke 534:Smith 509:Locke 276:Press 269:Trade 242:Legal 110:Green 7000:List 5690:Food 5589:Drug 4831:PMID 4813:ISSN 4776:here 4751:help 4668:OECD 4635:help 4589:PMID 4571:ISSN 4517:ISSN 4473:ISSN 4359:ISSN 4280:ISBN 4238:OCLC 4228:ISBN 4204:2020 4077:ISBN 4016:ISBN 3752:OECD 3665:4.5 3662:6.1 3659:8.3 2553:9.1 2503:8.2 2497:8.7 2478:9.2 2453:4.1 2447:6.0 2428:6.1 2422:9.8 2397:6.5 2378:9.1 2372:3.8 2353:5.1 2350:9.7 2347:4.3 2328:4.8 2322:5.9 2303:3.1 2297:3.7 2272:7.3 2253:4.0 2247:1.7 2244:9.2 2228:4.8 2222:5.8 2123:OECD 2007:and 1851:The 1842:NGOs 1809:and 1632:Left 1355:Peru 1258:Iran 1171:Cuba 937:King 827:Deák 729:Aron 649:Mill 624:List 539:Kant 135:Ordo 6603:Law 5644:Tax 4821:PMC 4770:at 4676:doi 4579:PMC 4561:doi 4509:doi 4463:hdl 4455:doi 4351:doi 4272:doi 4175:doi 4069:doi 4008:doi 3788:of 3769:PPP 3742:, ' 3728:PPP 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Index

Social Services

Public Education
a series
Liberalism

Classical
Conservative
Cultural
Democratic
Feminist
Equity
Green
Internationalist
Muscular
National
Neo
Ordo
Radical
Religious
Christian
Catholic
Islamic
Jewish
Secular
Social
Techno
Third Way
Consent of the governed
Due process

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