311:
898:
809:
913:
20:
862:
87:". Steatite can be used both in lumps ("block steatite", "lava steatite", "lava grade talc"), and in the ground form. While the geologists logically will use "steatite" to designate both forms, in the industry, "steatite" without additional qualifications typically means the steatite that is either already ground or to be used in the ground form in the future. If the ground steatite is pressed together into blocks, these are called "synthetic block steatite", "artificial block steatite", or "artificial lava talc".
371:
824:
847:
882:
514:
303:(8000–1000 BC), bowls, cooking slabs, and other objects were made from soapstone. The use of soapstone cooking vessels during this period has been attributed to the rock's thermal qualities; compared to clay or metal containers, soapstone retains heat more effectively. Use of soapstone in native American cultures continue to the modern day. Later, other cultures carved soapstone
111:
287:
occurs in relatively shallow and accessible quarries in the surrounding areas of Sameta, Nyabigege and
Bomware. These were at the time open to all to access provided they had the labor resources to do so. This mostly meant the men did the mining as they were custodian to the community land, meaning
681:
Soapstones can be put in a freezer and later used in place of ice cubes to chill alcoholic beverages without diluting. Sometimes called whiskey stones, these were first introduced around 2007. Most whiskey stones feature a semipolished finish, retaining the soft look of natural soapstone, while
208:, a mineral very similar to talc, is sometimes called soapstone in the generic sense, since its physical characteristics and industrial uses are similar, and because it is also commonly used as a carving material. However, this mineral typically does not have such a soapy feel as soapstone.
78:
The definitions of the terms "steatite" and "soapstone" vary with the field of study. In geology, steatite is a rock that is, to a very large extent, composed of talc. The mining industry defines steatite as a high-purity talc rock that is suitable for the manufacturing of, for example,
634:, the abundance of soapstone mines allow local artisans to craft pots, pans, wine glasses, statues, jewel boxes, coasters, and vases from soapstone. These handicrafts are commonly sold in street markets found in cities across the state. Some of the oldest towns, notably
235:
for housing and electrical components, due to its durability and electrical characteristics and because it can be pressed into complex shapes before firing. Soapstone undergoes transformations when heated to temperatures of 1,000–1,200 °C (1,830–2,190 °F) into
571:
use soapstone as a marker due to its resistance to heat; it remains visible when heat is applied. It has also been used for many years by seamstresses, carpenters, and other craftspeople as a marking tool, because its marks are visible but not permanent.
224:
when touched, hence the name. No fixed hardness is given for soapstone because the amount of talc it contains varies widely, from as little as 30% for architectural grades such as those used on countertops, to as much as 80% for carving grades.
416:. After the intricate carvings of icons and (yet undeciphered) symbols, the seals were heated above 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) for several days to make them hard and durable to make the final seals used for making impressions on clay.
546:) content. It is also used for countertops and bathroom tiling because of the ease of working the material and its property as the "quiet stone". A weathered or aged appearance occurs naturally over time as the patina is enhanced.
617:
and thermally-insulating properties in applications such as tile, substrates, washers, bushings, beads, and pigments. It is also used for high-voltage insulators, which have to stand large mechanical loads, such as insulators of
1066:
A Versatile
Resource – The Procurement and Use of Soapstone in Norway and The North Atlantic Region. In: Soapstone in the North Quarries, Products and People 7000 BC – AD 1700. UBAS – University of Bergen Archaeological Series
1756:
1563:
228:
Soapstone is easy to carve; it is also durable and heat-resistant and has a high heat storage capacity. It has therefore been used for cooking and heating equipment for thousands of years.
501:, there is evidence that these vessels were used for processing marine and dairy fats. Several surviving medieval buildings in northern Europe are constructed with soapstone, amongst them
861:
1684:
808:
912:
897:
1654:
751:
654:
Architectural soapstone is mined in Canada, Brazil, India, and
Finland and imported into the United States. Active North American mines include one south of
690:
People can be exposed to soapstone dust in the workplace via inhalation and skin or eye contact. Exposure above safe limits can lead to symptoms including
531:
In modern times, soapstone is most commonly used for architectural applications, such as counter tops, floor tiles, showerbases, and interior surfacing.
362:
In Canada, soapstone was quarried in the Arctic regions like the western part of the Ungava Bay and the
Appalachian Mountain System from Newfoundland.
1574:
1435:
The application of trace element geochemistry to determine the provenance of soapstone vessels from Dorset
Palaeoeskimo sites in western Newfoundland
868:
244:; on the Mohs scale, this corresponds to an increase in hardness to 5.5–6.5. The resulting material, harder than glass, is sometimes called "lava".
576:
561:. The soft stone is easily carved and is not degraded by heating. The slick surface of soapstone allows the finished object to be easily removed.
538:, and as the preferred material for woodburning masonry heaters because it can absorb, store, and evenly radiate heat due to its high density and
1629:
1521:
1978:
307:, a practice that continues today. The soapstone's low heat conduction allows for prolonged smoking without the pipe heating up uncomfortably.
2768:
1091:
1809:
743:
98:
that consists of either amphibole-chlorite-carbonate-talc rock, talc-carbonate rock, or simply talc rock and is sold in the form of sawn
70:, changing rocks by heat and pressure, with influx of fluids but without melting. It has been a carving medium for thousands of years.
1406:
823:
758:
of 6 mg/m total exposure and 3 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 3000 mg/m, soapstone is
630:
Soapstone continues to be used for carvings and sculptures by artists and indigenous peoples. In Brazil, especially in the state of
1969:
1951:
2009:
1842:
1502:
1416:
1276:
1075:
310:
881:
1998:
2040:
846:
296:
1037:
284:
1352:"A Large-Scale Systematic Study of Dorset and Groswater Soapstone Vessel Fragments from Newfoundland and Labrador"
497:
hewed soapstone directly from the stone face, shaped it into cooking pots, and sold these at home and abroad. In
273:, where archaeologists have uncovered hundreds of male and female statues about half of life size. The Yoruba of
1153:
1010:
300:
217:
1986:
1381:
790:, Chile, is known for its many colors. While they are not visible during mining, they appear after refining.
750:) for soapstone exposure in the workplace as 20 million particles per cubic foot over an 8-hour workday. The
337:
peoples. The soapstone oil lamps indicate these people had easy access to oils derived from marine mammals.
3052:
1784:
519:
1630:"Report on the analysis of residues from steatite and ceramic vessels from the site of Belmont, Shetland"
1599:
1550:
833:
815:
216:
Soapstone is relatively soft because of its high talc content—talc has a definitional value of 1 on the
3067:
3042:
1104:"Some Important Aspects of the Harappan Technological Tradition," Bhan KK, Vidale M and Kenoyer JM, in
755:
747:
659:
434:
as early as the 11th-century Pagan period. After that, it was still used as a pencil to write on Black
1529:
1450:
3057:
993:
959:
955:
347:
In the United States, locally quarried soapstone was used for gravemarkers in 19th century northeast
1975:
3047:
1963:
1659:
951:
639:
420:
315:
19:
2093:
2073:
2033:
707:
435:
402:
80:
2518:
1455:
904:
550:
304:
1492:
1467:
394:
was a center for the production and distribution of soapstone in the 5th to 3rd millennia BC.
102:. "Ground soapstone" sometimes designates the ground waste product of the slab manufacturing.
2483:
447:
232:
673:
Mining to meet worldwide demand for soapstone is threatening the habitat of India's tigers.
423:(771–476 BC), soapstone was carved into ceremonial knives. Soapstone was also used to carve
3037:
1859:"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Soapstone (containing less than 1% quartz)"
1122:
830:
775:
397:
Soapstone has been used in India as a medium for sculptures since at least the time of the
348:
994:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1995).
8:
1761:
1689:
695:
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535:
478:
406:
375:
1894:
3062:
2314:
2026:
1249:
1200:
1085:
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have traditionally used soapstone for carvings of both practical objects and art. The
2269:
1947:
1838:
1498:
1412:
1363:
1313:
1272:
1253:
1241:
1204:
1192:
1149:
1071:
1033:
1006:
1005:. Vol. II (Silica, Silicates). Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.
918:
888:
502:
466:
258:
141:, hence its obsolete name, magnesiocummingtonite), and traces of minor iron-chromium
1293:
2966:
2678:
2465:
2334:
2013:
1923:
Chidester, Alfred Herman; Engel, Albert Edward John; Wright, Lauren Albert (1963).
1305:
1231:
1182:
995:
936:
837:
424:
47:
277:
also produced a miniature soapstone obelisk with metal studs called "the staff of
2778:
2538:
2391:
1982:
534:
Soapstone is sometimes used for construction of fireplace surrounds, cladding on
192:
187:, and 4.74% water. It commonly contains minor quantities of other oxides such as
184:
173:
154:
95:
1382:"Civilization.ca - Life and Art of an Ancient Arctic People - The Dorset People"
718:
in the dust, precautions should be taken to avoid occupational diseases such as
314:
Mythological figures carved in soapstone by
Kayasark, Inuit carver, held in the
2971:
2813:
2406:
2329:
1992:
946:
872:
524:
398:
370:
334:
122:
2004:
1858:
1269:
Early
Pottery in the Southeast: Tradition and Innovation in Cooking Technology
658:
with products marketed by
Canadian Soapstone, the Treasure and Regal mines in
3031:
3016:
2931:
2896:
2743:
2304:
2209:
1367:
1317:
1245:
1196:
941:
646:, still have some of their streets paved with soapstone from colonial times.
619:
446:
Pipes and decorative carvings of local animals were made out of soapstone by
413:
262:
188:
150:
138:
134:
1924:
787:
2941:
2921:
2793:
2440:
2418:
2359:
2259:
2204:
2189:
2055:
1469:
UGC NET History Paper II Chapter Wise
Notebook | Complete Preparation Guide
727:
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63:
59:
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1108:/edited by S. Settar and Ravi Korisettar, Manohar Press, New Delhi, 2002.
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451:
379:
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2411:
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2324:
2294:
2254:
2229:
2219:
2214:
2194:
2103:
1064:
1027:
796:
A variety of other regional and marketing names for soapstone are used.
779:
719:
643:
614:
580:
387:
121:, soapstone is composed predominantly of talc, with varying amounts of
99:
67:
1964:
Soapstone
Calculated Refractory Data w/ Technical Properties Converter
1309:
1236:
1219:
1187:
1170:
778:"white-grinding" and "dark-grinding" varieties are distinguished, and
493:
table was found. Soapstone is relatively abundant in northern Europe.
261:
signets and amulets were most commonly made from glazed steatite. The
3011:
3001:
2991:
2976:
2946:
2926:
2911:
2906:
2871:
2866:
2825:
2783:
2753:
2738:
2716:
2658:
2638:
2633:
2623:
2608:
2588:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2533:
2508:
2473:
2386:
2354:
2299:
2289:
2264:
2239:
2234:
2174:
2135:
2098:
922:
723:
711:
635:
598:
539:
341:
278:
237:
157:
130:
126:
118:
51:
513:
412:
Even earlier, steatite was used as the substrate for Indus-Harappan
2986:
2961:
2886:
2856:
2851:
2773:
2758:
2726:
2706:
2603:
2578:
2455:
2430:
2423:
2401:
2396:
2349:
2284:
2169:
2120:
2110:
2068:
1875:
1757:"Soapstone gives countertops, tiles a look that's both new and old"
977:
975:
703:
699:
667:
498:
490:
3006:
2936:
2901:
2876:
2808:
2643:
2583:
2523:
2488:
2381:
2309:
2224:
2184:
2152:
2147:
2063:
2018:
771:
663:
594:
564:
494:
486:
431:
340:
In the modern period, soapstone is commonly used for carvings in
329:, a type of oil lamp, is carved out of soapstone and used by the
266:
1833:
Proctor, Nick H.; Hughes, James P.; Hathaway, Gloria J. (2004).
1710:
1331:
Witthoft, J.G. (1949). "Stone pipes of the historic Cherokees".
1146:
Jewels of the Pharaohs Egyptian Jewellery of the Dynastic Period
1123:"On the talc deposits near Kaapmuiden, in the Eastern Transvaal"
972:
2916:
2891:
2788:
2748:
2711:
2613:
2478:
2376:
2366:
2319:
2279:
2249:
2179:
2164:
2142:
2088:
2083:
1292:
Frink, Liam; Glazer, Dashiell; Harry, Karen G. (October 2012).
715:
666:
mined by the Barretts Minerals Company, and another in central
558:
554:
326:
322:
180:
161:
146:
43:
1810:"Interview with the Inventor of Whisky Stones, Andrew Hellman"
1220:"The Evolution and Resilience of the Gusii Soapstone Industry"
1171:"The Evolution and Resilience of the Gusii Soapstone Industry"
299:
have used soapstone since the Late Archaic period. During the
2881:
2803:
2798:
2663:
2628:
2548:
2503:
2498:
691:
482:
330:
142:
110:
575:
Resistance to heat made steatite suitable for manufacturing
2653:
2598:
2513:
2445:
759:
391:
270:
221:
55:
39:
1735:
1454:, 2004. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 3 January 2004,
274:
83:; the lesser grades of the mineral can be called simply "
1516:
1514:
793:
Palewa and gorara stones are types of Indian soapstone.
1438:(masters thesis). Memorial University of Newfoundland.
1127:
Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa
1835:
Proctor and Hughes' Chemical hazards of the workplace
1832:
1551:"Steatite Knife" at the Bath Museum of East Asian Art
752:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
438:
until the end of the Mandalay period (19th century).
1922:
1881:
1511:
981:
288:
ancestral lands in Riamosioma, Itumbe, Nyatike etc.
269:
used soapstone for several statues, most notably at
1966:(Incl. Soapstone Volume vs. Weight measuring units)
1266:
1993:Prehistoric soapstone use in northeastern Maryland
1945:Soaprock Coast... The origins of English porcelain
1999:The Blue Rock Soapstone Quarry, Yancey County, NC
1837:(5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.
1682:
3029:
1564:"A museum in Finke: An Aputula Heritage project"
1291:
359:as simple field stone and "slot and tab" tombs.
1785:"West's love of talc threatens India's tigers"
1652:
1431:
1294:"Canadian Arctic Soapstone Cooking Technology"
1062:
153:. Soapstone is formed by the metamorphism of
2034:
744:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2005:CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
2001:(North Carolina Office of State Archaeology)
1976:Soapstone Native American quarries, Maryland
1224:Journal of African Cultural Heritage Studies
1175:Journal of African Cultural Heritage Studies
1032:. Government Printing Office. p. 75.1.
670:operated by the Alberene Soapstone Company.
1972:(The Central States Archaeological Journal)
1497:. Discovery Publishing House. p. 225.
1472:. EduGorilla. 1 September 2022. p. 485
782:has "soft", "hard", and "blue" talc. Also:
770:The local names for the soapstone vary: in
211:
179:By mass, "pure" steatite is roughly 63.37%
2041:
2027:
1090:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1029:Minerals Yearbook Metals and Minerals 2010
549:Soapstone can be used to create molds for
430:Soapstone was used as a writing pencil in
1235:
1186:
925:, Norway, constructed mainly of soapstone
786:Combarbalite stone, exclusively mined in
1330:
1058:
1056:
760:immediately dangerous to life and health
512:
369:
309:
109:
18:
1782:
1678:
1676:
1648:
1646:
1404:
1148:. Thames and Hudson. pp. 160–161.
987:
887:An Egyptian carved and glazed steatite
3030:
1561:
1490:
1143:
1116:
1114:
2022:
1349:
1217:
1168:
1137:
1063:Hansen, Gitte; Storemyr, Per (2017).
1053:
1025:
867:A fountain made with soapstone, near
613:. Steatite is used primarily for its
1932:. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
1685:"The enduring appeal of wood stoves"
1673:
1643:
1555:
1120:
1019:
220:. Softer grades may feel similar to
1926:Talc resources of the United States
1618:, The Penguin Press, 1987, page 105
1111:
814:A 12th-century Byzantine relief of
710:. Due to the potential presence of
247:
58:. It is produced by dynamothermal
13:
2048:
1937:
1882:Chidester, Engel & Wright 1963
1627:
1432:O'Driscoll, Cynthia Marie (2003).
1267:Kenneth E. Sassaman (1993-03-30).
982:Chidester, Engel & Wright 1963
553:objects from soft metals, such as
14:
3079:
1957:
1655:"There's a stove for every taste"
1211:
1162:
869:Our Lady of Good Voyage Cathedral
485:used soapstone. At the Palace of
285:Soapstone mining in Tabaka, Kenya
50:. It is composed largely of the
1683:Damrosch, Barbara (2017-01-19).
1106:Indian Archaeology in Retrospect
911:
896:
880:
860:
845:
822:
807:
737:
1887:
1851:
1826:
1802:
1776:
1749:
1728:
1703:
1621:
1608:
1592:
1573:. pp. 1–97. Archived from
1544:
1484:
1460:
1442:
1425:
1398:
1374:
1343:
1324:
1285:
1260:
852:Soapstone slot-and-tab tomb in
583:, and electrical switchboards.
508:
1783:Barnett, Antony (2003-06-22).
1562:Kelham, Megg (November 2010).
1098:
765:
382:, Syria, is made of soapstone.
231:Soapstone is often used as an
73:
1:
1987:Geological Society of America
1736:"Superior Technical Ceramics"
1653:Weideman, Paul (2017-11-05).
965:
455:
301:Archaic archaeological period
16:Talc-bearing metamorphic rock
1405:Nuttall, Mark (2005-09-23).
1298:North American Archaeologist
1271:. University Alabama Press.
682:others are highly polished.
601:of nominal composition (MgO)
441:
386:The ancient trading city of
105:
7:
930:
829:Soapstone sculpture on the
816:Saint George and the Dragon
588:
291:
90:In industrial applications
10:
3084:
1916:
1408:Encyclopedia of the Arctic
1218:Akama, John (2018-08-14).
1169:Akama, John (2018-08-14).
800:
756:recommended exposure limit
748:permissible exposure limit
321:Indigenous peoples of the
2839:
2677:
2464:
2054:
1895:"CST Personal Home Pages"
1026:Virta, Robert L. (2017).
960:Archeological Site 38CK45
956:Archeological Site 38CK44
746:has set the legal limit (
685:
649:
625:
472:
252:
1660:The Santa Fe New Mexican
952:Archeological Site 38CK1
676:
517:The outer layers of the
421:Spring and Autumn period
316:Honolulu Academy of Arts
212:Physical characteristics
2094:Basaltic trachyandesite
2074:Alkali feldspar granite
1598:C.Michael Hogan (2007)
1451:Encyclopædia Britannica
1350:Erwin, John C. (2016).
1333:Southern Indian Studies
708:pulmonary heart disease
403:Western Chalukya Empire
365:
1970:Ancient soapstone bowl
1604:The Modern Antiquarian
1528:. 2008. Archived from
1522:"Soapstone sculptures"
1491:Pruthi, R. K. (2004).
1144:Aldred, Cyril (1971).
1003:Handbook of Mineralogy
905:the Walters Art Museum
528:
527:are made of soapstone.
383:
318:
115:
24:
2484:Banded iron formation
2012:historical marker in
1943:Felce, Robert (2011)
774:, "grit" is used, in
597:are low-cost biaxial
516:
448:Australian Aboriginal
419:In China, during the
373:
313:
113:
46:, which is a type of
22:
1600:"Knossos Fieldnotes"
1386:www.historymuseum.ca
1121:Hall, A. L. (1927).
374:The 21st-century BC
23:Samples of soapstone
3053:Sculpture materials
1995:(Antiquity Journal)
1762:The Washington Post
1690:The Washington Post
1532:on 15 February 2009
903:Steatite scarab at
696:shortness of breath
536:wood-burning stoves
520:Christ the Redeemer
479:Minoan civilization
407:Vijayanagara Empire
376:statue of Iddi-Ilum
218:Mohs hardness scale
2840:Specific varieties
1981:2017-07-06 at the
1952:978-0-956-9895-0-5
1715:royaltyminerals.in
1711:"Royalty Minerals"
1494:Indus Civilization
1070:. Bergen, Norway.
854:Dahlonega, Georgia
529:
384:
319:
116:
25:
3068:Ceramic materials
3043:Metamorphic rocks
3025:
3024:
2270:Nepheline syenite
1844:978-0-471-26883-3
1571:Territory Stories
1504:978-81-7141-865-7
1418:978-1-136-78680-8
1310:10.2190/NA.33.4.c
1278:978-0-8173-0670-0
1237:10.22599/jachs.31
1188:10.22599/jachs.31
1077:978-82-90273-90-8
919:Nidaros Cathedral
660:Beaverhead County
503:Nidaros Cathedral
467:Central Australia
405:and to an extent
257:Ancient Egyptian
66:, which occur in
3075:
3058:Stone (material)
2967:Rapakivi granite
2679:Metamorphic rock
2466:Sedimentary rock
2335:Quartz monzonite
2043:
2036:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2014:Decatur, Georgia
1933:
1931:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1891:
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1879:
1873:
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1870:
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1855:
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1824:
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1820:
1806:
1800:
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1796:
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1753:
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1742:
1732:
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1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1637:Shetland Amenity
1634:
1625:
1619:
1614:Else Rosendahl,
1612:
1606:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1464:
1458:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1239:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1190:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1118:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1000:
991:
985:
979:
937:List of minerals
915:
900:
884:
864:
849:
826:
811:
714:and crystalline
464:
460:
457:
390:in southeastern
297:Native Americans
248:Historical usage
68:subduction zones
48:metamorphic rock
3083:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3048:Phyllosilicates
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
2835:
2779:Pseudotachylite
2673:
2460:
2392:Tephriphonolite
2050:
2047:
1983:Wayback Machine
1960:
1940:
1938:Further reading
1929:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1884:, pp. 8–9.
1880:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1663:
1651:
1644:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1447:
1443:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1348:
1344:
1329:
1325:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1265:
1261:
1216:
1212:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1142:
1138:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1061:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1024:
1020:
1013:
998:
992:
988:
980:
973:
968:
933:
926:
916:
907:
901:
892:
885:
876:
865:
856:
850:
841:
827:
818:
812:
803:
768:
740:
688:
679:
652:
628:
612:
608:
604:
591:
577:gas burner tips
545:
511:
475:
462:
458:
444:
368:
294:
255:
250:
214:
200:
196:
114:A block of talc
108:
96:dimension stone
76:
30:(also known as
17:
12:
11:
5:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:Rhomb porphyry
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2814:Talc carbonate
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2407:Trachyandesite
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2330:Quartz diorite
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:Types of rocks
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1973:
1967:
1959:
1958:External links
1956:
1955:
1954:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1886:
1874:
1850:
1843:
1825:
1801:
1775:
1748:
1727:
1702:
1672:
1642:
1620:
1607:
1591:
1554:
1543:
1510:
1503:
1483:
1459:
1456:Britannica.com
1448:"Tepe Yahya,"
1441:
1424:
1417:
1397:
1373:
1342:
1323:
1304:(4): 429–449.
1284:
1277:
1259:
1210:
1161:
1154:
1136:
1110:
1097:
1076:
1052:
1038:
1018:
1011:
986:
970:
969:
967:
964:
963:
962:
949:
947:Talc carbonate
944:
939:
932:
929:
928:
927:
917:
910:
908:
902:
895:
893:
886:
879:
877:
873:Belo Horizonte
866:
859:
857:
851:
844:
842:
828:
821:
819:
813:
806:
802:
799:
798:
797:
794:
791:
767:
764:
739:
736:
687:
684:
678:
675:
651:
648:
627:
624:
620:mast radiators
610:
606:
602:
590:
587:
543:
525:Rio de Janeiro
510:
507:
474:
471:
443:
440:
399:Hoysala Empire
367:
364:
293:
290:
254:
251:
249:
246:
213:
210:
198:
194:
119:Petrologically
107:
104:
75:
72:
54:-rich mineral
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3080:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Litchfieldite
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Hyaloclastite
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:Litchfieldite
2742:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Phonotephrite
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:Hyaloclastite
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1900:
1899:cst.cmich.edu
1896:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1815:
1814:Whisky Stones
1811:
1805:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1737:
1731:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1631:
1628:Steele, Val.
1624:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1580:on 2019-05-10
1576:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1414:
1411:. Routledge.
1410:
1409:
1401:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1041:
1039:9788290273908
1035:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
978:
976:
971:
961:
957:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:List of rocks
940:
938:
935:
934:
924:
920:
914:
909:
906:
899:
894:
890:
883:
878:
874:
870:
863:
858:
855:
848:
843:
839:
835:
832:
825:
820:
817:
810:
805:
804:
795:
792:
789:
785:
784:
783:
781:
777:
773:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
738:United States
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
683:
674:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
623:
621:
616:
600:
596:
586:
584:
582:
578:
573:
570:
566:
562:
560:
556:
552:
547:
541:
537:
532:
526:
523:sculpture in
522:
521:
515:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:, a steatite
488:
484:
480:
470:
468:
453:
449:
439:
437:
433:
428:
426:
425:Chinese seals
422:
417:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
381:
377:
372:
363:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
317:
312:
308:
306:
305:smoking pipes
302:
298:
289:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:Yoruba people
260:
245:
243:
239:
234:
229:
226:
223:
219:
209:
207:
203:
201:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
172:of siliceous
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
139:cummingtonite
136:
135:anthophyllite
132:
128:
124:
120:
112:
103:
101:
97:
93:
88:
86:
82:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
2942:Luxullianite
2922:Lapis lazuli
2867:Blue Granite
2818:
2794:Serpentinite
2769:Metapsammite
2519:Conglomerate
2441:Trondhjemite
2419:Trachybasalt
2360:Pantellerite
2260:Monzogranite
2205:Hornblendite
2190:Granodiorite
2056:Igneous rock
1944:
1925:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:
1889:
1877:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1834:
1828:
1817:. Retrieved
1813:
1804:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:The Guardian
1788:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
1765:. 2013-05-30
1760:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1694:. Retrieved
1688:
1664:. Retrieved
1658:
1636:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1575:the original
1570:
1557:
1546:
1534:. Retrieved
1530:the original
1525:
1493:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1468:
1462:
1449:
1444:
1434:
1427:
1407:
1400:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1268:
1262:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1126:
1105:
1100:
1065:
1043:. Retrieved
1028:
1021:
1002:
989:
984:, p. 8.
769:
741:
728:mesothelioma
689:
680:
672:
653:
632:Minas Gerais
629:
592:
585:
574:
563:
548:
533:
530:
518:
509:Modern usage
476:
445:
429:
418:
411:
396:
385:
361:
346:
339:
320:
295:
283:
256:
242:cristobalite
230:
227:
215:
206:Pyrophyllite
204:
178:
170:metasomatism
166:serpentinite
145:. It may be
117:
91:
89:
84:
77:
64:metasomatism
60:metamorphism
35:
31:
27:
26:
3038:Dielectrics
2831:Whiteschist
2722:Greenschist
2702:Cataclasite
2692:Amphibolite
2619:Phosphorite
2569:Itacolumite
2494:Calcarenite
2340:Quartzolite
2275:Nephelinite
2245:Lamprophyre
2200:Harzburgite
2158:Napoleonite
2131:Charnockite
2126:Carbonatite
2116:Blairmorite
2079:Anorthosite
1904:26 November
1863:www.cdc.gov
1741:26 November
1720:26 November
1616:The Vikings
1536:26 November
1339:(2): 43–62.
1181:(1): 1–17.
1045:26 November
766:Other names
732:lung cancer
656:Quebec City
581:spark plugs
569:fabricators
463: 1930
459: 1865
452:Erlikilyika
129:(typically
74:Terminology
3032:Categories
2997:Teschenite
2982:Shonkinite
2957:Pietersite
2952:Novaculite
2862:Borolanite
2847:Adamellite
2764:Metapelite
2732:Calcflinta
2697:Blueschist
2687:Anthracite
2669:Wackestone
2649:Travertine
2594:Lumachelle
2574:Jaspillite
2529:Diamictite
2451:Websterite
2436:Troctolite
2412:Benmoreite
2372:Shonkinite
2345:Rhyodacite
2325:Pyroxenite
2295:Peridotite
2255:Lherzolite
2230:Kimberlite
2220:Ignimbrite
2215:Icelandite
2195:Granophyre
2104:Shoshonite
1868:2015-11-21
1819:2021-06-08
1795:2007-01-09
1769:2014-01-11
1696:2017-12-14
1666:2017-12-14
1526:hoysala.in
1476:26 October
1391:2024-04-24
1155:0500231389
1012:0962209716
966:References
788:Combarbalá
780:California
754:has set a
720:asbestosis
644:Ouro Preto
640:Tiradentes
615:dielectric
599:porcelains
461: – c.
388:Tepe Yahya
168:) and the
158:protoliths
155:ultramafic
127:amphiboles
94:refers to
81:insulators
3063:Petrology
3012:Variolite
3002:Theralite
2992:Tachylite
2977:Rodingite
2947:Mangerite
2927:Larvikite
2912:Jasperoid
2907:Jadeitite
2872:Epidosite
2826:Tectonite
2819:Soapstone
2784:Quartzite
2754:Migmatite
2739:Itabirite
2717:Granulite
2659:Turbidite
2639:Sylvinite
2634:Siltstone
2624:Sandstone
2609:Oil shale
2589:Limestone
2564:Gritstone
2559:Greywacke
2554:Geyserite
2544:Evaporite
2534:Diatomite
2509:Claystone
2474:Argillite
2387:Tachylyte
2355:Comendite
2300:Phonolite
2290:Pegmatite
2265:Monzonite
2240:Lamproite
2235:Komatiite
2175:Foidolite
2136:Enderbite
2099:Mugearite
1368:0004-0843
1318:0197-6931
1254:169646064
1246:2513-8243
1205:169646064
1197:2513-8243
1086:cite book
923:Trondheim
724:silicosis
712:tremolite
636:Congonhas
593:Steatite
540:magnesite
442:Australia
357:Cleveland
353:Dahlonega
351:, around
342:Inuit art
279:Oranmiyan
238:enstatite
233:insulator
183:, 31.88%
174:dolomites
147:schistose
131:tremolite
106:Petrology
92:soapstone
85:talc rock
52:magnesium
28:Soapstone
2987:Taconite
2962:Pyrolite
2887:Ganister
2857:Aphanite
2852:Appinite
2774:Phyllite
2759:Mylonite
2727:Hornfels
2707:Eclogite
2604:Mudstone
2579:Laterite
2539:Dolomite
2456:Wehrlite
2431:Trachyte
2424:Hawaiite
2402:Tonalite
2397:Tephrite
2350:Rhyolite
2315:Porphyry
2285:Obsidian
2170:Essexite
2121:Boninite
2111:Basanite
2069:Andesite
2010:Steatite
1979:Archived
1791:. London
1230:(1): 1.
931:See also
875:, Brazil
704:crackles
700:cyanosis
692:coughing
668:Virginia
595:ceramics
589:Ceramics
499:Shetland
491:libation
436:Parabaik
292:Americas
265:of West
185:magnesia
123:chlorite
36:soaprock
32:steatite
3007:Unakite
2937:Llanite
2902:Ijolite
2877:Felsite
2809:Suevite
2644:Tillite
2584:Lignite
2524:Coquina
2489:Breccia
2382:Syenite
2310:Picrite
2225:Ijolite
2185:Granite
2153:Diorite
2148:Diabase
2064:Adakite
1917:Sources
1362:: 1–8.
840:, India
831:Hoysala
801:Gallery
776:Georgia
772:Vermont
664:Montana
565:Welders
551:casting
495:Vikings
487:Knossos
450:artist
432:Myanmar
349:Georgia
267:Nigeria
151:massive
38:) is a
2917:Kenyte
2892:Gossan
2789:Schist
2749:Marble
2712:Gneiss
2614:Oolite
2479:Arkose
2377:Sovite
2367:Scoria
2320:Pumice
2280:Norite
2250:Latite
2180:Gabbro
2165:Dunite
2143:Dacite
2089:Basalt
2084:Aplite
1950:
1841:
1584:11 May
1501:
1415:
1366:
1356:Arctic
1316:
1275:
1252:
1244:
1203:
1195:
1152:
1074:
1036:
1009:
996:"Talc"
958:, and
891:amulet
889:scarab
834:temple
730:, and
716:silica
706:, and
686:Safety
650:Mining
642:, and
626:Crafts
559:silver
555:pewter
473:Europe
401:, the
355:, and
335:Dorset
327:qulliq
323:Arctic
259:scarab
253:Africa
181:silica
162:dunite
160:(e.g.
143:oxides
137:, and
44:schist
2882:Flint
2804:Slate
2799:Skarn
2664:Varve
2629:Shale
2549:Flint
2504:Chert
2499:Chalk
1930:(PDF)
1633:(PDF)
1578:(PDF)
1567:(PDF)
1250:S2CID
1201:S2CID
1133:: 83.
999:(PDF)
871:, in
838:Belur
677:Other
542:(MgCO
483:Crete
465:) in
414:seals
331:Inuit
100:slabs
2654:Tufa
2599:Marl
2514:Coal
2446:Tuff
1948:ISBN
1906:2018
1839:ISBN
1743:2018
1722:2018
1586:2019
1538:2018
1499:ISBN
1478:2022
1413:ISBN
1364:ISSN
1314:ISSN
1273:ISBN
1242:ISSN
1193:ISSN
1150:ISBN
1092:link
1072:ISBN
1047:2018
1034:ISBN
1007:ISBN
742:The
605:(SiO
567:and
477:The
392:Iran
380:Mari
366:Asia
333:and
271:Esie
240:and
222:soap
125:and
62:and
56:talc
40:talc
3017:Wad
1306:doi
1232:doi
1183:doi
921:in
836:at
557:or
481:on
378:of
281:".
275:Ife
191:or
189:CaO
164:or
149:or
34:or
3034::
1897:.
1861:.
1812:.
1787:.
1759:.
1713:.
1687:.
1675:^
1657:.
1645:^
1635:.
1602:,
1569:.
1524:.
1513:^
1384:.
1360:69
1358:.
1354:.
1335:.
1312:.
1302:33
1300:.
1296:.
1248:.
1240:.
1226:.
1222:.
1199:.
1191:.
1177:.
1173:.
1131:30
1129:.
1125:.
1113:^
1088:}}
1084:{{
1055:^
1001:.
974:^
954:,
762:.
734:.
726:,
722:,
702:,
698:,
694:,
662:,
638:,
622:.
579:,
505:.
469:.
456:c.
427:.
409:.
344:.
202:.
193:Al
176:.
133:,
2042:e
2035:t
2028:v
1989:)
1985:(
1908:.
1871:.
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1798:.
1772:.
1745:.
1724:.
1699:.
1669:.
1639:.
1588:.
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1480:.
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1370:.
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1320:.
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1281:.
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1158:.
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1080:.
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199:3
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195:2
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