57:
591:
632:
56:
405:
Characterized by light brown color and needlelike, often radiating habit. Difficult to distinguish from anthophyllite or gedrite without optical and/or X-ray tests.
1305:
992:
Cummingtonite is commonly found in metamorphosed magnesium-rich rocks and occurs in amphibolites. Usually it coexists with
1235:, "A Sketch of the Geology and Mineralogy of the Western Part of Massachusetts, and a Small Part of Adjoining States", in
1295:
1276:
679:
465:
661:
590:
1204:
582:
and inability of substitution between alkali elements and ferro-magnesian elements within the amphibole structure.
165:
1147:
657:
653:
295:
830:) within cummingtonite amphibole, replacing B site atoms. These minerals are found in high-grade metamorphic
318:
1336:
1341:
1313:
556:
599:
594:
Fibrous, brownish crystals of cummingtonite – Locality: Dannemora Mine, Uppsala Län, Uppland, Sweden
1331:
642:
646:
155:
1142:. Vol. III (Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides). Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.
1131:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W. & Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1997).
220:
1047:
831:
781:. Cummingtonite is used to describe minerals of this formula with between 30 and 70 per cent
739:
285:
275:
1132:
1092:
478:
8:
308:
35:
1096:
1110:
973:
265:
547:
Monoclinic cummingtonite is compositionally similar and polymorphic with orthorhombic
1346:
1291:
1272:
1265:
1143:
1114:
24:
20:
1100:
1009:
424:
346:
328:
255:
79:
1186:
1058:. With prograde metamorphism cummingtonite and grunerite morph to members of the
1055:
972:
variety of grunerite that was mined as asbestos only in the eastern part of the
1031:
1001:
696:
175:
1325:
1232:
1051:
1021:
951:
579:
548:
372:
245:
187:
977:
607:
567:
946:
concentrations in cummingtonite are low. Cummingtonite tends toward more
615:
571:
382:
209:
202:
72:
1212:
1105:
1080:
1013:
997:
993:
984:, the acronym for the mining company "Asbestos Mines of South Africa".
575:
240:
Dark green, brown, gray, beige; colorless to pale green in thin section
194:
180:
1168:
1043:
1039:
959:
943:
836:
823:
693:
578:. There is little solubility between these minerals due to different
552:
474:
387:
With increasing iron content, weak; X = Y = colorless; Z = pale green
631:
1042:
rich species can be found in metamorphosed Mn-rich rock units. The
1017:
969:
611:
392:
1059:
965:
947:
935:
1035:
1028:
955:
939:
603:
563:
250:
Rarely as distinct crystals. Columnar to fibrous and granular
1005:
454:
448:
442:
1130:
562:
Cummingtonite shares few compositional similarities with
439:
433:
602:, where it was discovered in 1824. It is also found in
19:
This article is about the inosilicate mineral. For the
1020:. Magnesium-rich cummingtonite can also coexist with
466:
451:
430:
1263:
Hurlbut, Cornelius S. & Klein, Cornelis (1985).
457:
445:
436:
427:
1264:
1254:Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A. & Zussman, J. (1997).
1046:end member is characteristic of the metamorphosed
820:. Thus, cummingtonite is the series intermediate.
1323:
1253:
692:Cummingtonite is a member of the cummingtonite-
323:Translucent, will transmit light on thin edges.
1239:, first series, vol. 8, part 2, 1824, p. 1-60
227:c = 5.32 Å; β = 101.97°; Z = 2
1262:
1256:An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals
397:Measured: 65° to 90°, Calculated: 70° to 90°
660:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1126:
1124:
1027:Cummingtonite has also been found in some
598:Cummingtonite was named after the town of
55:
1104:
680:Learn how and when to remove this message
270:Good on {110} intersecting at 54 and 126°
1290:(22nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
1163:
1161:
1159:
834:and form a compositional series between
589:
1121:
1324:
551:, which is a much more common form of
1285:
1179:
1156:
954:. Similarly, cummingtonite has lower
742:to the iron rich grunerite endmember
585:
544:, magnesium iron silicate hydroxide.
1081:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1078:
658:adding citations to reliable sources
625:
225:a = 9.53 Å, b = 18.23 Å,
13:
1246:
555:-rich amphibole, the latter being
14:
1358:
1258:(2nd ed.). pp. 229–247.
630:
423:
1226:
1197:
1072:
1:
1288:The Manual of Mineral Science
1065:
987:
980:. The origin of the name is
621:
260:Simple and lamellar – common
7:
1237:American Journal of Science
10:
1363:
950:substitution than related
29:
18:
1286:Klein, Cornelius (2002).
699:series which ranges from
600:Cummington, Massachusetts
409:
401:
391:
381:
371:
345:
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294:
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186:
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78:
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63:
54:
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1271:(20th ed.). Wiley.
1016:minerals or metamorphic
1000:, magnesium clinochlore
1140:Handbook of Mineralogy
1085:Mineralogical Magazine
595:
1062:and pyroxene series.
832:banded iron formation
826:also substitutes for
740:magnesiocummingtonite
593:
166:Strunz classification
1267:Manual of Mineralogy
962:than anthophyllite.
654:improve this section
479:chemical composition
1106:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1097:2021MinM...85..291W
1079:Warr, L.N. (2021).
566:amphiboles such as
473:) is a metamorphic
402:Diagnostic features
1337:Magnesium minerals
974:Transvaal Province
596:
586:Name and discovery
338:Optical properties
1342:Iron(II) minerals
1310:Mineral Galleries
690:
689:
682:
416:
415:
313:Vitreous to silky
21:Martha Wainwright
1354:
1317:
1312:. Archived from
1301:
1282:
1270:
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1240:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1211:. Archived from
1201:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1154:
1153:
1137:
1128:
1119:
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929:
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347:Refractive index
329:Specific gravity
300:
192:Prismatic (2/m)
150:
149:
148:
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131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
112:
105:
104:
96:
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85:
84:(repeating unit)
59:
47:
46:
16:Silicate mineral
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1332:Amphibole group
1322:
1321:
1320:
1306:"Cummingtonite"
1304:
1298:
1279:
1249:
1247:Further reading
1244:
1243:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1209:IMA Master List
1205:"Cummingtonite"
1203:
1202:
1198:
1187:"Cummingtonite"
1185:
1184:
1180:
1169:"Cummingtonite"
1167:
1166:
1157:
1150:
1135:
1133:"Cummingtonite"
1129:
1122:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1056:Labrador Trough
1054:region and the
1048:iron formations
990:
932:(dannemorite).
928:
925:
924:
923:
919:
916:
915:
914:
910:
907:
906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
896:
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889:
888:
887:
885:
884:(tirodite) and
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871:
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422:
377:δ = 0.025–0.037
366:
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356:
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298:
226:
208:
193:
147:
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5:
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1349:
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1334:
1319:
1318:
1316:on 2008-11-19.
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1196:
1178:
1155:
1148:
1120:
1091:(3): 291–320.
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1032:volcanic rocks
989:
986:
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
814:
805:
796:
787:
775:
766:
757:
748:
732:
723:
714:
705:
697:solid solution
688:
687:
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636:
629:
623:
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258:
252:
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241:
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233:
232:Identification
229:
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176:Crystal system
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25:Comin' Tonight
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2:
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1297:0-471-25177-1
1293:
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1280:
1278:0-471-80580-7
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1257:
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1238:
1234:
1233:Chester Dewey
1229:
1215:on 2015-01-05
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1098:
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1086:
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1057:
1053:
1052:Lake Superior
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1022:anthophyllite
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
952:anthophyllite
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
838:
833:
825:
821:
741:
698:
695:
684:
681:
673:
670:November 2021
663:
659:
655:
649:
648:
644:
639:This section
637:
633:
628:
627:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
592:
583:
581:
580:crystal habit
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
549:anthophyllite
545:
480:
476:
472:
471:
462:
420:
419:Cummingtonite
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
394:
390:
386:
384:
380:
376:
374:
373:Birefringence
370:
367:= 1.664–1.708
361:= 1.647–1.689
355:= 1.639–1.671
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
320:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
277:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
247:
246:Crystal habit
243:
239:
235:
230:
224:
222:
218:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
188:Crystal class
185:
182:
179:
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173:
169:
167:
163:
159:
157:
153:
87:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
62:
58:
53:
50:Cummingtonite
48:
45:
41:
39:
34:episode, see
33:
26:
22:
1314:the original
1309:
1287:
1266:
1255:
1236:
1228:
1217:. Retrieved
1213:the original
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1139:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1026:
991:
981:
978:South Africa
964:
934:
822:
691:
676:
667:
652:Please help
640:
608:South Africa
597:
568:arfvedsonite
561:
546:
470:-ing-tə-nyte
418:
417:
213:
44:
37:
31:
970:asbestiform
616:New Zealand
572:glaucophane
383:Pleochroism
341:Biaxial (+)
319:Diaphaneity
210:Space group
207:Monoclinic
203:Space group
73:Inosilicate
1326:Categories
1219:2014-05-12
1191:Webmineral
1149:0962209724
1066:References
1014:antigorite
1010:serpentine
998:actinolite
994:hornblende
988:Occurrence
968:is a rare
576:riebeckite
557:metastable
410:References
296:Mohs scale
195:H-M symbol
181:Monoclinic
156:IMA symbol
23:song, see
1115:235729616
1044:grunerite
1040:Manganese
960:aluminium
958:iron and
944:potassium
824:Manganese
694:grunerite
641:does not
622:Chemistry
553:magnesium
477:with the
475:amphibole
280:Splintery
221:Unit cell
1347:Asbestos
1034:such as
1018:pyroxene
1002:chlorite
612:Scotland
393:2V angle
299:hardness
286:Tenacity
276:Fracture
266:Cleavage
256:Twinning
69:Category
40:episodes
36:List of
30:For the
1093:Bibcode
1060:olivine
1050:of the
1036:dacites
966:Amosite
948:calcium
936:Calcium
662:removed
647:sources
333:3.1–3.6
290:Brittle
197:: (2/m)
170:9.DE.05
80:Formula
64:General
1294:
1275:
1173:Mindat
1146:
1113:
1029:felsic
956:ferric
940:sodium
828:(Fe,Mg
614:, and
604:Sweden
564:alkali
499:(Mg,Fe
482:(Mg,Fe
309:Luster
106:(Mg,Fe
89:(Mg,Fe
1136:(PDF)
1111:S2CID
982:Amosa
237:Color
1292:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1006:talc
942:and
922:(OH)
874:(OH)
810:(OH)
771:(OH)
738:for
728:(OH)
645:any
643:cite
534:(OH)
214:C2/m
141:(OH)
1101:doi
996:or
976:of
656:by
468:KUM
303:5–6
160:Cum
1328::
1308:.
1207:.
1189:.
1171:.
1158:^
1138:.
1123:^
1109:.
1099:.
1089:85
1087:.
1083:.
1038:.
1024:.
1008:,
1004:,
938:,
918:22
904:Si
895:Fe
886:Mn
870:22
856:Si
847:Mg
837:Mn
806:22
792:Si
783:Fe
767:22
753:Si
744:Fe
724:22
710:Si
701:Mg
618:.
610:,
606:,
570:,
559:.
530:22
516:Si
455:aɪ
212::
137:22
123:Si
38:QI
32:QI
1300:.
1281:.
1222:.
1193:.
1175:.
1152:.
1117:.
1103::
1095::
1012:-
927:2
913:O
909:8
900:5
891:2
879:2
865:O
861:8
852:5
843:2
815:2
801:O
797:8
788:7
776:2
762:O
758:8
749:7
733:2
719:O
715:8
706:7
683:)
677:(
672:)
668:(
664:.
650:.
574:-
539:2
525:O
521:8
512:5
507:)
495:2
490:)
461:/
458:t
452:n
449:ə
446:t
443:ŋ
440:ɪ
437:m
434:ʌ
431:k
428:ˈ
425:/
421:(
365:γ
363:n
359:β
357:n
353:α
351:n
146:2
132:O
128:8
119:5
114:)
102:2
97:)
42:.
27:.
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