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schools, the implementation of the game as media in
English lessons of fifth graders not only improved the students' vocabulary but also stimulated their interest and excitement about the learning process. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University found that pre-schoolers from low income backgrounds who played an hour of numerical board games like snakes and ladders matched the performance of their middle-class counterparts by showing improvements in counting and recognizing number shapes. An eco-inspired version of the game was also used to teach students and teachers about climate change and environmental sustainability.
368:. The décor and art of the early English boards of the 20th century reflect this relationship. By the 1940s very few pictorial references to Indian culture remained, due to the economic demands of the war and the collapse of British rule in India. Although the game's sense of morality has lasted through the game's generations, the physical allusions to religious and philosophical thought in the game as presented in Indian models appear to have all but faded. There has even been evidence of a possible Buddhist version of the game existing in India during the Pala-Sena time period.
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546:(ox-plow) track from the bottom to the top of the playing area, passing once through every square. If, on completion of a move, a player's token lands on the lower-numbered end of a "ladder", the player moves the token up to the ladder's higher-numbered square. If the player lands on the higher-numbered square of a "snake" (or chute), the player moves the token down to the snake's lower-numbered square.
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lessons: squares on the bottom of the ladders show a child doing a good or sensible deed, at the top of the ladder there is an image of the child enjoying the reward; squares at the top of the chutes show children engaging in mischievous or foolish behavior, on the bottom of the chute the image shows
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which, unlike the original game, involves skill. Instead of tokens for each player, there is a store of indistinguishable tokens shared by all players. The illustration has five tokens (and a five by five board). There is no die to roll; instead, the player chooses any token and moves it one to four
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When the game was brought to
England, the Indian virtues and vices were replaced by English ones in hopes of better reflecting Victorian doctrines of morality. Squares of Fulfilment, Grace and Success were accessible by ladders of Thrift, Penitence and Industry and snakes of Indulgence, Disobedience
193:
The game is a simple race based on sheer luck, and it is popular with young children. The historic version had its roots in morality lessons, on which a player's progression up the board represented a life journey complicated by virtues (ladders) and vices (snakes). The game is also sold under other
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has 100 squares, with 19 chutes and ladders. A player will need an average of 39.2 spins to move from the starting point, which is off the board, to square 100. A two-player game is expected to end in 47.76 moves with a 50.9% chance of winning for the first player. These calculations are based on a
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in 1892. The game has also been interpreted and used as a tool for teaching the effects of good deeds versus bad. The board was covered with symbolic images used in ancient India, the top featuring gods, angels, and majestic beings, while the rest of the board was covered with pictures of animals,
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The phrase "back to square one" originated in the game of snakes and ladders, or at least was influenced by it – the earliest attestation of the phrase refers to the game: "Withal he has the problem of maintaining the interest of the reader who is always being sent back to square one in a sort of
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Even though the concept of major virtues against vices and related
Eastern spiritualism is not much emphasized in modern incarnations of the game, the central mechanism of snakes and ladders makes it an effective tool for teaching young children about various subjects. In two separate Indonesian
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The size of the grid varies, but is most commonly 8×8, 10×10 or 12×12 squares. Boards have snakes and ladders starting and ending on different squares; both factors affect the duration of play. Each player is represented by a distinct game piece token. A single die is rolled to determine random
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with a free and adaptive game project. This refers on the one hand to systemic game pedagogy. The players and the educators develop the game from ground up and set the rules. The second element of the Monza project is mathematization. Over several years, teachers and learners abstract the game
562:
Variants exists where a player must roll the exact number to reach the final square. Depending on the variation, if the die roll is too large, the token either remains in place or goes off the final square and back again. (For example, if a player requiring a
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in the 1890s. It is played on a game board with numbered, gridded squares. A number of "ladders" and "snakes" are pictured on the board, each connecting two specific board squares. The object of the game is to navigate one's game piece, according to
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as lower forms of life. The number of ladders was fewer than the number of snakes as a reminder that a path of good is much more difficult to tread than a path of sins. Presumably, reaching the last square (number 100) represented the attainment of
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flowers and people. The ladders represented virtues such as generosity, faith, and humility, while the snakes represented vices such as lust, anger, murder, and theft. The morality lesson of the game was that a person can attain liberation (
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Yuliana, Ita, "The
Implementation of Snakes And Ladders Game to Improve Students' Vocabulary Among the Fifth Grade Students of SD N Bapangsari in the Academic Year 2012/2013". SCRIPTA – Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris 1.2 (2013).
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is rolled, the player, after moving, immediately rolls again for another turn; otherwise play passes to the next player in turn. The player who is first to bring their token to the last square of the track is the winner.
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and
Indolence caused one to end up in Illness, Disgrace and Poverty. While the Indian version of the game had snakes outnumbering ladders, the English counterpart was more forgiving as it contained equal numbers of each.
260:, or destiny and desire. It emphasized destiny, as opposed to games such as pachisi, which focused on life as a mixture of skill (free will) and luck. The underlying ideals of the game inspired a version introduced in
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Each player starts with a token on the starting square (usually the "1" grid square in the bottom left corner, or simply, at the edge of the board next to the "1" grid square). Players take turns rolling a single
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Sari, Candrika Citra, and Siti
Muniroh. "Developing snake and ladder game board as a media to teach english vocabulary to elementary school students". SKRIPSI Jurusan Sastra Inggris-Fakultas Sastra UM (2012).
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In Canada the game has been traditionally sold as "Snakes and
Ladders" and produced by the Canada Games Company. Several Canada-specific versions have been produced over the years, including a version with
628:
Black children were depicted in the Milton
Bradley game for the first time in 1974. There have been many pop culture versions of the game, with graphics featuring such children's television characters as
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in 1943. The playground setting replaced the snakes, which were thought to be disliked by children at the time. It is played on a 10x10 board, and players advance their pieces according to a
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variant where throwing a six does not lead to an additional roll; and where the player must roll the exact number to reach square 100 and if they overshoot it their counter does not move.
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Siegler, Robert S., and Ramani, Geetha B., "Playing Linear
Numerical Board Games Promotes Low-income Children’s Numerical Development". Developmental Science 11.5 (2008): 655-61. Web.
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to move their token by the number of squares indicated by the die rolled. Tokens follow a fixed route marked on the gameboard which usually follows a
691:, since from any square the odds of moving to any other square are fixed and independent of any previous game history. The Milton Bradley version of
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An early
British version of the game depicts the path of a young boy and girl making their way through a cartoon railroad and train system.
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237:). It made its way to England and was sold as "Snakes and Ladders", then the basic concept was introduced in the United States as
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rolls, from the start (bottom square) to the finish (top square), helped by climbing ladders but hindered by falling down snakes.
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641:. It has been marketed as "The Classic Up and Down Game for Preschoolers". In 1999, Hasbro released Chutes and Ladders for PCs.
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is required to win), a player can end up further away from the final square after their move, than before it.
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Schick, Irvin Cemil. "Chess of the Gnostics: The Sufi Version of Snakes and Ladders in Turkey and India." In
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Masters, James. "Moksha-Patamu (Snakes and Ladders)." The Online Guide to Traditional Games. N.p., n.d. Web.
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Parlett (1999), p. 91: "An additional throw is conferred by a six if one die is used, or a double if two."
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movement of a player's token in the traditional form of play; two dice may be used for a shorter game.
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Shimkhada, Deepak (1983), "A Preliminary Study of the Game of Karma in India, Nepal, and Tibet" in
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Althoen, S.C.; King, L.; Schilling, K. (March 1993). "How Long Is a Game of Snakes and Ladders?".
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Play = Learning : How Play Motivates and Enhances Children’s Cognitive and Social-Emotional Growth
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games made from cardboard were distributed on the back of egg boxes as part of a promotion.
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Snakes and ladders originated as part of a family of Indian dice board games that included
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Hugh-Jones, E.M. (June 1952). "The American Economy, 1860–1940. by A. J. Youngson Brown".
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Morrison, Sarah, "Battling climate-change: How snakes and ladders could save the planet".
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533:. The illustrations show good deeds and their rewards; bad deeds and their consequences.
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885:, Vanina Kopp and Elizabeth Lapina, eds. (Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2020), 173–216.
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Topsfield, Andrew (2006), "Snakes and Ladders in India: Some Further Discoveries" in
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spaces. Whoever moves the last token to the Home space (i.e. the last number) wins.
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353:'s quest to leave behind the trappings of worldly life and achieve union with God.
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26:"Chutes and Ladders" redirects here. For the American Horror Story episode, see
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1192:"Probabilités et espérances dans le jeu de serpents et échelles à deux joueurs"
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festival in order to stay awake during the night. In Bengali-speaking regions,
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The cumulative probability of finishing a game of snakes and ladders by turn N
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Einführung in die Spielpädagogik (3., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage.)
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The most widely known edition of snakes and ladders in the United States is
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347654229_Monza_-_parlor_game
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Topsfield, Andrew (1985), "The Indian Game of Snakes and Ladders" in
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Singer, D. G., Michnick Golinkoff, R. & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2006).:
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equipment, showing children climbing ladders and descending chutes.
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which was published by the Milton Bradley Company starting in 1943.
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Any version of snakes and ladders can be represented exactly as an
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391:(the ladder to salvation) in Telugu. In Hindi, this game is called
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Games and Visual Culture in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
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The association of Britain's snakes and ladders with India and
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1023:. Elliott Avedon Museum & Archive of Games. Archived from
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2015:
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1124:. Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhard, ISBN 978-3825241995
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Berlekamp, Elwyn R; Conway, John H; Guy, Richard K (1982).
539:
346:
338:
187:
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Dictionary of toys and games in American popular culture
1137:. New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-530438-1.
1104:
Meyer, S. L., Rickenbacher, L. & Zürcher, E. (2020).
518:
858:
Religions in Play: Games, Rituals, and Virtual Worlds
269:) through doing good, whereas by doing evil one will
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rather than a die. The theme of the board design is
306:, (game of wisdom), the version associated with the
364:began with the returning of colonial families from
1390:
1388:
1333:
1307:
244:The game was popular in ancient India by the name
3621:
588:, the authors propose a variant which they call
442:In the original game the squares of virtue are:
173:regarded today as a worldwide classic. The game
781:"Chutes and Ladders from Milton Bradley (1943)"
909:The art of play. Board and card games of India
671:experiences into the language of mathematics.
2305:
1467:
1267:
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666:Meyer et al. (2020) explored on the basis of
3334:Winston Steinburger and Sir Dudley Ding Dong
1155:(478). The Mathematical Association: 71–76.
902:
900:
854:
1108:. HfHnews, (25) / Zurich. available under:
931:
861:. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. p. 94.
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2274:Licensed or not originally published by MB
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248:. It was also associated with traditional
43:
28:Chutes and Ladders (American Horror Story)
1037:
994:
992:
990:
906:
897:
751:
739:"Chutes and Ladders – Snakes and Ladders"
720:, Canada, named after snakes and ladders.
706:intellectual game of snakes and ladders."
625:the children suffering the consequences.
1393:Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays
1362:
1305:
1114:
1085:
678:
655:During the early 1990s in South Africa,
517:
280:
1365:Rebirth: The Tibetan Game of Liberation
1328:
1268:Freehill-Maye, Lynn (26 January 2016).
1076:
1066:
855:Bornet, Philippe; Burger, Maya (2012).
813:. Devdutt Pattanaik. 17 September 2007.
791:
462:(78). The squares of vice or evil are:
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888:
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1455:
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1015:
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875:
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699:
2279:Only in the United States and Canada
1270:"In Toronto Cafes, Board Games Rule"
1056:
1000:At 50, Still Climbing, Still Sliding
938:[Moksha board of Shapludu].
826:
596:
349:philosophy, the game represents the
759:, Brockhampton Press, p. 162,
411:and is often played by devotees of
194:names, such as the morality-themed
21:Snakes and ladders (disambiguation)
13:
1382:
1010:
834:. Exeter Books. pp. 134–135.
817:
333:and exists in various versions in
14:
3686:
1433:
1336:The Oxford History of Board Games
1042:. R&L Education. p. 35.
811:"Playing with fate and free will"
620:The artwork on the board teaches
3609:(except Japan and parts of Asia)
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3590:
3347:
3198:Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom
2261:
2260:
2179:
1439:
1332:(1999). "Snakes & Ladders".
1204:from the original on 2022-10-09.
779:Coopee, Todd (2 December 2019).
375:, this game is popularly called
310:, encompassed the concepts like
1553:Broadsides and Boarding Parties
1363:Tatz, Mark; Kent, Jody (1977).
1261:
1226:
1208:
1183:
1031:
962:
953:
925:
1306:Augustyn, Frederick J (2004).
848:
830:(1983). "Snakes and Ladders".
803:
772:
755:(1994), "Snakes and Ladders",
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731:
53:on cloth (India, 19th century)
1:
724:
557:
527:
3670:Milton Bradley Company games
3252:Kiya & the Kimoja Heroes
366:India during the British Raj
345:. In this version, based on
203:
49:Game of Snakes and ladders,
30:. For the song by Korn, see
7:
3675:Products introduced in 1943
1651:Go to the Head of the Class
1038:Hinebaugh, Jeffrey (2009).
513:
386:
378:
175:originated in ancient India
10:
3691:
2319:
2122:Jordan vs Bird: One on One
1567:The Checkered Game of Life
1190:Audet, Daniel (Dec 2012).
932:Alimuzzaman (6 May 2020).
907:Topsfield, Andrew (2006).
800:Augustyn (2004), pp. 27–28
294:National Museum, New Delhi
212:
25:
18:
3645:Roll-and-move board games
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325:A version popular in the
181:, and was brought to the
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127:
119:
111:
103:
95:
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65:2nd century CE to present
58:
42:
32:Shoots and Ladders (song)
16:Ancient Indian board game
3496:Hasbro Family Game Night
1149:The Mathematical Gazette
1040:A Board Game Education P
934:
757:The Family Book of Games
649:runs instead of snakes.
387:Paramapada Sopāna Paṭamu
278:(spiritual liberation).
3635:Traditional board games
3449:Archetype Entertainment
3259:The Magic Hockey Skates
2450:Glitter Force Doki-Doki
1429:66:1, pp. 143–179.
1422:46:3, pp. 203–226.
1415:44:4, pp. 308–322.
1342:Oxford University Press
1241:(246). Wiley: 411–414.
716:chain headquartered in
675:Mathematics of the game
3630:Children's board games
3226:Dungeons & Dragons
3088:Pretty Pretty Princess
1907:Heads Up Action Soccer
1770:Pretty Pretty Princess
1581:Conquest of the Empire
1483:Milton Bradley Company
1120:Heimlich, U. (2015).:
689:absorbing Markov chain
684:
534:
296:
292:version of the game),
2868:Don't Spill the Beans
1981:Don't Spill the Beans
1095:, 14 April 2013. Web.
911:. Marg Publications.
682:
521:
284:
227:(known in English as
3444:Wizards of the Coast
3396:Hasbro Entertainment
3266:Magic: The Gathering
2931:Hungry Hungry Hippos
2812:Chutes & Ladders
2684:Treehouse Detectives
2629:Rom the Space Knight
2495:Kota the triceratops
2422:A Real American Hero
2009:Hungry Hungry Hippos
1448:at Wikimedia Commons
1235:The Economic Journal
1215:"Back to square one"
1027:on 20 February 2008.
1021:"Snakes and Ladders"
935:সাপলুডুর মক্সা বোর্ড
19:For other uses, see
3578:Saban Capital Group
3487:Television programs
3401:Astley Baker Davies
2861:Don't Break the Ice
2238:McLoughlin Brothers
1756:Pirate and Traveler
1602:Don't Break the Ice
1106:Monza - Parlor Game
710:Snakes & Lattes
407:the game is called
39:
3655:Indian board games
3212:Cupcake & Dino
1861:Voice of the Mummy
1812:Snakes and ladders
1446:Snakes and ladders
1397:. Academic Press.
1274:The New York Times
1004:The New York Times
832:The Boardgame Book
700:In popular culture
693:Chutes and Ladders
685:
668:Chutes and Ladders
657:Chutes and Ladders
603:Chutes and Ladders
590:Adders-and-Ladders
535:
524:Chutes and Ladders
421:Vaikuntha Ekadashi
331:shatranj al-'urafa
329:world is known as
297:
239:Chutes and Ladders
197:Chutes and Ladders
163:Snakes and ladders
152:Chutes and Ladders
38:Snakes and ladders
37:
3660:Indian inventions
3617:
3616:
3604:(U.S. and Canada)
3432:Tiger Electronics
3343:
3342:
2847:Crocodile Dentist
2763:Barrel of Monkeys
2756:Axis & Allies
2749:Ants in the Pants
2659:Stretch Armstrong
2510:Littlest Pet Shop
2287:
2286:
2226:Related companies
2217:Gamemaster Series
2175:
2174:
2055:Barrel of Monkeys
1967:Ants in the Pants
1525:Axis & Allies
1511:13 Dead End Drive
1444:Media related to
1314:. Haworth Press.
1220:The Phrase Finder
998:Slesin, Suzanne.
974:boardgamegeek.com
632:Dora the Explorer
597:Specific editions
431:, it is known as
262:Victorian England
160:
159:
3682:
3594:
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3573:Lionsgate Canada
3406:Discovery Family
3351:
2952:The Game of Life
2854:Designer's World
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2212:Company building
2183:
2101:California Games
2069:Buffalo Bill Gun
1892:Electronic games
1644:Fortress America
1623:Enchanted Palace
1500:
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1367:. Anchor Press.
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1197:. Bulletin AMQ.
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532:
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393:Saanp aur Seedhi
389:
381:
250:Hindu philosophy
169:for two or more
47:
40:
36:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3620:
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3613:
3600:
3582:
3541:Hasbro Universe
3529:
3503:
3465:
3427:Parker Brothers
3378:
3372:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3339:
3273:Mighty Machines
3205:The Big Knights
3178:
3145:Trivial Pursuit
3105:(US and Canada)
2910:Hi Ho! Cherry-O
2720:
2649:Starting Lineup
2572:Equestria Girls
2485:Kibaoh Klashers
2409:FurReal Friends
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2318:
2288:
2283:
2270:
2252:
2243:Parker Brothers
2221:
2200:
2184:
2171:
2155:
2108:Captain Skyhawk
2074:
2042:
1954:
1887:
1847:Trump: The Game
1721:Mystery Mansion
1679:Hi Ho! Cherry-O
1630:Fireball Island
1491:
1485:
1480:
1436:
1405:
1385:
1383:Further reading
1375:
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1247:10.2307/2227038
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1161:10.2307/3619261
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1093:The Independent
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753:Pritchard, D.B.
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714:board game café
702:
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567:to win rolls a
560:
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522:Milton Bradley
516:
308:Jain philosophy
215:
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91:
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5:
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3640:Tabletop games
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3563:Control-Vision
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3459:Invoke Studios
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3454:D&D Beyond
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3422:Milton Bradley
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2654:Stickle Bricks
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2584:My Pet Monster
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2567:My Little Pony
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2196:Milton Bradley
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1434:External links
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1330:Parlett, David
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1223:, Gary Martin.
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3491:Video games
3377:Subsidiaries
3357:Distributed
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3008:Mystery Date
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2959:Mall Madness
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2689:Transformers
2669:Talk 'n Play
2664:Super Soaker
2599:Poppin' Park
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2577:MoonDreamers
2557:Monster Face
2546:
2542:Mighty Muggs
2521:Luna Petunia
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2515:Lost Kitties
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2500:Lincoln Logs
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1868:Which Witch?
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1833:Thunder Road
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1300:Bibliography
1299:
1298:
1285:. Retrieved
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973:
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943:. Retrieved
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741:. About.com.
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585:Winning Ways
583:
582:In the book
581:
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409:Parama padam
408:
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397:Saanp Seedhi
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362:gyan chauper
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304:jnan chauper
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300:Gyan chauper
299:
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286:Gyan chaupar
285:
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252:contrasting
246:Moksha Patam
245:
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220:gyan chauper
218:
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196:
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179:Moksha Patam
178:
162:
161:
151:
148:Moksha Patam
112:Playing time
59:Years active
3508:Conventions
3470:Other media
3386:Avalon Hill
3327:Void Rivals
3320:Tractor Tom
3286:Odd-Paw Vet
2993:My Monopoly
2973:Microvision
2742:Aggravation
2706:VR Troopers
2701:Visionaries
2639:Sit 'n Spin
2609:Potato Head
2468:Inhumanoids
2377:Beetleborgs
2150:World Games
2079:Video games
1959:Other games
1928:Microvision
1819:Square Mile
1518:Aggravation
1503:Board games
1344:. pp.
940:Kishore Alo
785:ToyTales.ca
531: 1952
484:Drunkenness
448:Reliability
425:West Bengal
419:during the
136:observation
3650:Race games
3624:Categories
3379:and brands
3313:Ricky Zoom
3050:Perfection
3001:Mouse Trap
2903:Guess Who?
2889:Gator Golf
2875:Easy Money
2798:Candy Land
2770:Battleship
2711:Watchimals
2694:Beast Wars
2644:Spirograph
2552:Monkgomery
2537:Micronauts
2505:Lite-Brite
2479:Julius Jr.
2367:Baby Alive
2352:Action Man
2330:properties
2062:Mr. Bucket
1995:Gator Golf
1749:Perfection
1707:Mouse Trap
1658:Guess Who?
1616:Easy Money
1595:Dark Tower
1546:Battleship
1532:Battle Cry
828:Bell, R.C.
725:References
615:playground
558:Variations
526:gameboard
506:(95), and
460:Asceticism
458:(76), and
452:Generosity
433:Shap Shiri
429:Bangladesh
405:Tamil Nadu
167:board game
107:Negligible
104:Setup time
77:Board game
3439:Playskool
3361:by Hasbro
3359:worldwide
3299:Peppa Pig
3056:Pictureka
3036:Parcheesi
3022:Operation
2945:Lazer Tag
2924:Heroscape
2917:HeroQuest
2896:Girl Talk
2791:Buckaroo!
2674:Tinkertoy
2362:Army Ants
2336:by Hasbro
2332:currently
2248:Playskool
2143:Time Lord
2030:Knock Out
2002:Heroscape
1974:Buckaroo!
1949:Star Bird
1728:Operation
1672:HeroQuest
1588:Crossfire
1560:Candyland
1490:Products
1287:24 August
1282:0362-4331
979:24 August
472:Vulgarity
456:Knowledge
401:Mokshapat
271:be reborn
234:Parcheesi
204:Equipment
99:2 or more
87:Dice game
82:Race game
3596:Category
3558:Allspark
3551:Skybound
3534:See also
3368:Beyblade
3306:PJ Masks
3191:Alien TV
3131:Stratego
3124:Subbuteo
3102:Scrabble
3061:Pie Face
2987:Monopoly
2624:Play-Doh
2562:My Buddy
2527:M.A.S.K.
2463:Inchworm
2458:Hanazuki
2430:Glo Worm
2415:G.I. Joe
2394:DohVinci
2266:Category
2160:Consoles
2023:KerPlunk
1988:Downfall
1900:Big Trak
1826:Stratego
1798:Scrabble
1665:Headache
1199:Archived
1177:65071163
647:toboggan
622:morality
514:Gameplay
437:Shapludu
142:Synonyms
132:Counting
123:Complete
3245:Kaijudo
3173:Yahtzee
3166:Upwords
3159:Twister
3152:Trouble
3043:Pay Day
2840:Cranium
2735:Acquire
2634:Robotix
2604:Popples
2334:managed
2167:Vectrex
2037:Twister
1882:Yahtzee
1854:Upwords
1255:2227038
1169:3619261
718:Toronto
611:spinner
575:when a
351:dervish
225:pachisi
213:History
171:players
96:Players
51:gouache
3568:Galoob
3520:BotCon
3477:Comics
3414:Kenner
3232:Exodus
3117:Sorry!
2980:Milton
2966:Merlin
2882:Elefun
2833:Cootie
2784:Bop It
2777:Boggle
2716:Weeble
2589:NakNak
2436:GoBots
2382:Blythe
2357:Alphie
2321:Hasbro
2233:Hasbro
2189:People
2087:Abadox
1921:Milton
1914:Merlin
1805:Shogun
1777:Rack-O
1401:
1371:
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1318:
1280:
1253:
1175:
1167:
1046:
945:9 June
915:
865:
838:
763:
510:(99).
502:(92),
498:(84),
494:(73),
492:Murder
490:(69),
486:(62),
482:(58),
478:(52),
474:(49),
470:(44),
468:Vanity
466:(41),
454:(57),
450:(51),
446:(12),
417:Vishnu
343:Turkey
341:, and
327:Muslim
319:Moksha
276:Moksha
267:Moksha
128:Skills
120:Chance
70:Genres
3525:TFcon
3482:Films
3408:(40%)
3183:Other
3138:Taboo
3110:Simon
3029:Ouija
2938:Jenga
2726:Games
2679:Tonka
2532:Maxie
2490:Koosh
2404:Furby
2388:Cubix
2094:Cabal
2016:Jenga
1942:Simon
1686:Hotel
1637:Focus
1346:91–94
1251:JSTOR
1202:(PDF)
1195:(PDF)
1173:S2CID
1165:JSTOR
712:is a
549:If a
504:Pride
500:Greed
480:Lying
476:Theft
444:Faith
413:Hindu
403:. In
335:India
313:karma
302:, or
254:karma
165:is a
3238:Humf
3081:Rook
3074:Risk
2819:Clue
2594:Nerf
2344:Toys
2047:Toys
1935:OMNI
1494:list
1399:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1289:2020
1278:ISSN
1073:Web.
1063:Web.
1044:ISBN
981:2020
947:2021
913:ISBN
863:ISBN
836:ISBN
761:ISBN
635:and
508:Lust
496:Rage
488:Debt
415:god
399:and
347:sufi
339:Iran
316:and
290:Jain
258:kama
256:and
231:and
229:Ludo
223:and
3546:IDW
3067:Pit
2473:Jem
1875:Why
1243:doi
1157:doi
540:die
435:or
383:or
371:In
188:die
177:as
3626::
1348:.
1340:.
1276:.
1272:.
1249:.
1239:62
1237:.
1217:,
1171:.
1163:.
1153:77
1151:.
1012:^
989:^
972:.
899:^
819:^
793:^
783:.
528:c.
395:,
337:,
322:.
241:.
134:,
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288:(
34:.
23:.
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