Smuggling - Knowledge

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Prof. H. V. Bowen of the University of Swansea to use commercial records to reconstruct smuggling businesses. Jones' study focuses on smuggling in Bristol in the mid-16th century, arguing that the illicit export of goods like grain and leather represented a significant part of the city's business, with many members of the civic elite engaging in it, whether by disguised/hidden transport or mis-description of goods. Grain smuggling by members of the civic elite, often working closely with corrupt customs officers, has also been shown to have been prevalent in East Anglia during the later 16th century.

171: 367: 4892: 500: 4904: 3786: 734: 644: 1050:. Often times, the traffickers either attach the drugs to the sheep's wool or they insert the drugs inside the sheep to be removed at a later date after slaughter. What type of livestock or pack animals do organized criminals use to carry contraband, often depends on availability and region. For example, in parts of South America, traffickers have used 631:. Currently, economic instability appears to be the main reason for illegal migration movement throughout the world. Nevertheless, many of the willing migrants undertake the hazardous travel to their destination country with criminal syndicates specialized in people smuggling. These syndicates arrange everything for the migrants, but at a high price. 815:. The combination of acknowledged corruption at the border and high import tariffs led smugglers in the 1970s and '80s to fly electronic equipment such as stereos and televisions in cargo planes from one country to clandestine landing strips in another, thereby circumventing encounters at the frontier between countries. 690:, in 1999, suggested a production-substituting model of smuggling in which price disparity due to cost of supply is critically important as an incentive for smuggling. This price disparity is caused by domestic consumption-taxes and import duties. Drawing attention to the case of cigarettes, Chowdhury suggested that, in 1874:

Since trafficking in smuggled goods was commonplace and apparently beyond remedial action for over a century before 1700, how are we to explain the persistence of legitimate monopoly paralleling this illegal activity? monopoly (or oligopoly) and smuggling - legal and illegal commerce, the formal and

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to transport contraband by air at times. Carrier pigeons have been used to smuggle drugs into prisons and across borders. Additionally homing pigeons have also been used to transport cellphones and SIM cards into prisons. The reason why pigeons have been useful for smugglers, is that they can fly for

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can then sell the drugs to other inmates. Often a smuggler from the outside will attach small amounts of drugs to a cat and then the cat will either be lured inside the prison by inmates with cat treats or the cat might be trained to enter the prison. In addition to drugs, cats have also been used to

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in 1275. Medieval smuggling tended to focus on the export of highly taxed export goods — notably wool and hides. Merchants also, however, sometimes smuggled other goods to circumvent prohibitions or embargoes on particular trades. Grain, for instance, was usually prohibited from export, unless prices

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While the majority of victims are women, and sometimes children, other victims include men, women and children forced or conned into manual or cheap labor. Due to the illegal nature of trafficking, the exact extent is unknown. A U.S. government report published in 2003 estimates that 800,000-900,000

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Very often the traveling conditions are inhumane: the migrants are overcrowded in trucks or boats and fatal accidents occur frequently. After their arrival in the destination country, their illegal status puts them at the mercy of their smugglers, which often force the migrants to work for years in

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However, Chowdhury suggested that there is a limit beyond which reducing domestic taxes on production cannot confer a competitive advantage versus smuggled cigarettes. Therefore, government needs to upscale its anti-smuggling drive so that seizures (taking possession of person or property by legal

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or, in the case of sexual services, sex trafficking — is not the same as people smuggling. A smuggler will facilitate illegal entry into a country for a fee, and on arrival at their destination, the smuggled person is free; the trafficking victim is coerced in some way. Victims do not agree to be

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Most studies of historical smuggling have been based on official sources — such as court records, or the letters of Revenue Officers. A senior academic of the University of Bristol states that they only detail the activities of those dumb enough to get caught. This has led him and others, such as

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have misconstrued smuggling as illegal trade. While the two have indeed identical objectives, namely the evasion of taxes and the importation of contraband items, their demand and cost functions are altogether different requiring different analytical framework. As a result, illegal trade through

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Because of difficulty in collecting excise taxes, the British in the colonies were forced to fall back on high customs duties, which the colonists easily avoided by smuggling. The East India Company had received its monopoly on the tea trade from the Crown, which then proceeded to tax tea so

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Few places on the British coast did not claim to be the haunts of wreckers or mooncussers. The thievery was boasted about and romanticized until it seemed a kind of heroism. It did not have any taint of criminality and the whole of the south coast had pockets vying with one another over whose

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The existence of the Multi-Consignment Contraband (MCC) smuggling method (smuggling two or more different types of contraband such as drugs and illegal immigrants or drugs and guns at the same time) was verified following the completion of a study that found 16 documented cases of smugglers

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On the other hand, research by Tat Chee Tsui in 2016 suggests that even if increasing cigarette duty may encourage smuggling, total cigarette-consumption still declines because the price of illicit goods, as substitutes of taxed cigarettes, also increases because of higher tax rate.

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In smuggling, concealment can involve concealing the smuggled goods on a person's clothing, luggage or inside a body cavity. Some smugglers hide the whole transportation vehicle or ship used to bring the items into an area. Avoiding border checks, such as by small ships, private

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Smuggling is also reaping huge financial dividends to criminal groups who charge migrants massive fees for their services. Intelligence reports have noted that drug-traffickers and other criminal organizations are switching to human cargo to obtain greater profit with less risk.

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is one of the reasons behind child trafficking and some children are smuggled with their parents' consent via a transporter. As many as 50% of those smuggled are children. In the Philippines, between 60,000 and 100,000 children are trafficked to work in the sex industry.

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have struggled to contain a rising influx of immigrants, the smuggling of people across national borders has become a lucrative extra-legal activity, as well as the extremely dark side, people-trafficking, especially of women who may be enslaved typically as prostitutes.

406:, are widespread. As the smuggler faces significant risk of civil and criminal penalties if caught with contraband, smugglers are able to impose a significant price premium on smuggled goods. The profits involved in smuggling goods appear to be extensive. The 977:, tools, batteries and phone chargers. The reason why cats can make good drug couriers is due to the fact that felines are naturally stealthy animals and because the prison guards are often less likely to suspect that contraband might be on a cat. 674:

and Bent Hansen first forwarded a theory of smuggling in which they saw smuggling essentially as an import-substituting economic activity. Their main consideration, however, was the welfare implications of smuggling. Against common belief that the

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in search of jobs. Migrant smuggling and human trafficking are two separate offences and differ in a few central respects. While "smuggling" refers to facilitating the illegal entry of a person into a State, "trafficking" includes an element of

253:, the smuggling industry was for many communities more economically significant than legal activities such as farming and fishing. The principal reason for the high duty was the need for the government to finance a number of extremely expensive 195:

items or non-taxed goods; however, there has also been smuggling based on illegally exporting goods. In England smuggling first became a recognised problem in the 13th century, following the creation of a national customs collection system by

1042:. Cattle have been used as 'body couriers' to transport contraband in multiple ways, often by inserting the drugs into the cattle, to be removed at a later time after slaughter. Another animal that traffickers have used as body couriers are 1026:. Additionally there are also livestock that smugglers have used as living body couriers, in such instances the animals are either made to swallow the drugs or the drugs are surgically implanted inside the animals before they are 421:

in a place with low taxes and smuggle them into a place with higher taxes, where they can be sold at a far higher margin than would otherwise be possible. It has been reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes within the

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I do not find they have any foreign commerce, except it be what we call smuggling and roguing; which I may say, is the reigning commerce of all this part of the English coast, from the mouth of the Thames to the Land's End in

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sea border, connected to a network providing forged documents. In the same month, they dismantled another criminal organization focused on supplying fake documents to migrants in Spain, primarily in the agricultural sector.

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The trafficker retains control over the migrant—through force, fraud or coercion—typically in the sex industry, through forced labour or through other practices similar to slavery. Trafficking violates the idea of basic

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through 'unauthorized route'. A seaport, airport or land port which has not been authorized by the government for importation and exportation is an 'unauthorized route'. The legal definition of these occurs in the

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According to a study by Alternatives to Combat Child Labour Through Education and Sustainable Services in the Middle East and North Africa Region (ACCESS-MENA) 30% of school children living in border villages of

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long distances and because the birds are usually unlikely to arouse much suspicion from authorities, due to the fact that pigeons are such widespread and commonly witnessed birds, in both rural and urban areas.

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are not the bane of customs officers and the ultimate threat to their economy. In reality, the most commonly smuggled items are everyday items one believes to be common and thus causes higher losses in

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at this time made the clandestine import of such goods and the evasion of the duty a highly profitable venture for impoverished fishermen and seafarers. In certain parts of the country such as the

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process) can add to the cost of smuggling and thus render smuggling uncompetitive. Notably, Chowdhury modeled the relationship of the smuggler to the local producer as one of antagonistic

321:, these same places became the primary places where goods were smuggled out of the nation in defiance of the law. Like Britain, a gradual liberalization of trade laws as part of the 760:

and even small submersibles. This also applies for illegally passing a border oneself, for illegal immigration or illegal emigration. In many parts of the world, particularly the

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Smuggling has a long and controversial history, probably dating back to the first time at which duties were imposed in any form, or any attempt was made to prohibit a form of

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are choosing to traffic human beings because, unlike other commodities, people can be used repeatedly and because trafficking requires little in terms of capital investment.

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have been used as pack animals to carry large amounts of drugs across wilderness areas or across borders. In Middle Eastern countries, smugglers have also been known to use

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to the French in 1453, imports of wine were also sometimes embargoed during wars to try to deprive the French of the revenues that could be earned from their main export.

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and popular culture focus on criminal organizations as primary smugglers, but in reality legitimate businesses are the biggest offenders. By incorporating their label on

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or other regulations. More broadly, social scientists define smuggling as the purposeful movement across a border in contravention to the relevant legal frameworks.

3848: 1679: 3838: 829:, especially for shipping cargo, Border agents must inspect cargo for smuggled and illegal goods. However, because of what is called Gridlock a maximum of 5% 2170: 201:

were low, because of fears that grain exports would raise the price of food in England and thus cause food shortages and civil unrest. Following the loss of

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Much smuggling occurs when enterprising merchants attempt to supply demand for a good or service that is illegal or heavily taxed. As a result, illegal

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with the goods or people hidden in a vehicle or between (other) merchandise, or the goods hidden in luggage, in or under clothes, inside the body (see

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Lichtenwald, Terrance, G.; Perri, Frank, S. and MacKenzie, Paula, M., "Smuggling Multi-Consignment Contraband: Isolated Incidents or a New Trend?"

4085: 1781: 706:. Reduction of domestic taxes enables the local producer to supply at a lower cost and bring down the price disparity that encourages smuggling. 1565: 616:. The overwhelming majority of those trafficked are women and children. These victims are commodities in a multibillion-dollar global industry. 1747: 1101: 4557: 3974: 936:

if caught, an animal courier, if caught with any contraband on them, would be unable to provide any verbal information to the authorities.

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of the country. Notably, some definitions define any 'undeclared' trafficking of currency and precious metal as smuggling. Smuggling is a

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transporting more than one type of contraband in the same shipment. MCC shipments were frequently associated with Phase II and Phase III

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Thursby, M., Jensen, R. and J. Thursby: ‘Smuggling, Camouflaging, and Market Structure’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991, p.789.

683:, they showed that smuggling might not enhance social welfare though it may divert resources from governments to the private sector. 897:

towards their goods as the popular media portrays them as reliable. Smuggling, however, is produced through the very culture of the

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Profits also derive from avoiding taxes or levies on imported goods. For example, a smuggler might purchase a large quantity of

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Before the era of drug smuggling and human trafficking, smuggling had acquired a kind of nostalgic romanticism, in the vein of

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people worldwide are trafficked across borders each year. This figure does not include those who are trafficked internally.

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is the illegal transportation of objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or buildings, into a

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and misrepresenting them to offer the cheapest possible rate. What the majority of people do not realize, is that the

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trafficked; they are tricked, lured by false promises, or forced into it. Traffickers use coercive tactics including

2394: 1369: 4742: 4564: 3868: 3256: 2854: 2796: 338: 1355:, ‘Privilege and Profit: Commanders of East Indiamen as Private Traders, Entrepreneurs and Smugglers, 1760–1813’, 860:. By under-declaring and misrepresenting, even the most surprising goods is common practice when smuggling. What 4846: 2818: 2801: 2202: 1964: 452:, a distinction can be made between people smuggling as a service to those wanting to illegally migrate and the 4273: 4100: 4095: 4068: 3928: 3246: 1465: 1070: 233:

The high rates of duty levied on tea and also wine and spirits, and other luxury goods coming in from mainland

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per cargo holds worldwide. Since it can take a proper and complete inspection four to six hours, major global

799:, and overland hidden in cars, trucks, and trains. A related topic is illegally passing a border oneself as a 341:, and drug smuggling became a major problem after 1970. In the 1990s, when economic sanctions were imposed on 4938: 4643: 4281: 4115: 4110: 3987: 3979: 3948: 3639: 3341: 89: 2089: 4529: 4410: 3604: 2780: 2743: 2544: 1697: 595:, often in dangerous or inhumane conditions. This phenomenon has been growing in recent years as people of 429:

In October 2023, Spanish police arrested 11 individuals involved in smuggling migrants hidden in trucks at

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There are various motivations to smuggle. These include the participation in illegal trade, such as in the

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policemen and preventive officers on background. Prohibitory law against trade of alcoholic beverages ("

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formation of a word meaning "to sneak", most likely entered the English language during the 1600s–1700s.

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as pack animals to transport drugs across rugged terrain or across borders. In certain parts of Asia,

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People smuggling can be used to rescue a person from oppressive circumstances. For example, when the

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In addition to human couriers, smugglers have been known to transport illicit goods with the use of

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Each year, hundreds of thousands of migrants are moved illegally by highly organized international

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heavily that smuggling became profitable, and the value of the franchise sold by the Crown eroded.

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A poster warning the German women and girls about the danger of human traffic in the USA (ca 1900)

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One way that smugglers have used animals to transport contraband at times is through the use of

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was a reaction to the heavy taxes and regulations imposed by mercantilist trade policies. After

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In England wool was smuggled to the continent in the 17th century, under the pressure of high

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Inside the Illicit Economy: Reconstructing the Smugglers' Trade of Sixteenth Century Bristol

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Inside the Illicit Economy: Reconstructing the Smugglers' Trade of Sixteenth Century Bristol

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the illegal labor market to pay off the debts incurred as a result of their transportation.

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reduced the level of domestic production. Domestic production of cigarettes is subject to

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A Maritime Threat Assessment of Sea Based Criminal Organizations and Terrorist Operations

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It is acknowledged that the smuggling of people is a growing global phenomenon. It is a

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Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783–1820

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parallel economies - were functionally linked in Spain's transatlantic trading system.

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results from the demand for exotic species and the lucrative nature of the trade. The

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Miller, Tom. On the Border: Portraits of America's Southwestern Frontier, pp. 48-60.

1269: 932:. One advantage to smugglers using animals is that unlike human couriers, who might 4871: 4670: 4592: 4578: 4465: 4445: 4340: 4183: 4143: 3961: 3943: 3898: 3755: 3727: 3685: 3531: 3516: 3481: 3466: 3446: 3431: 3366: 3336: 3296: 3181: 3146: 3131: 2716: 2624: 2505: 1846: 1842: 1815:

Chowdhury, F. L. 'Smuggling, Tax Structure and The Need for Anti-Smuggling Drive',

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spoke out against human trafficking and lauded USAID efforts to increase awareness

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Another way smugglers have used to transport contraband on multiple occasions is

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and the United States are believed to have paid a smuggler to lead them across.

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as pack animals to transport drugs across further distances or across borders.

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levied on alcohol and tobacco in Britain has led to large-scale smuggling from

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Road sign at the Canada-US border prohibiting cannabis, Abercorn, Québec (2018)

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British H.M. Revenue & Customs officers with seized smuggled tobacco, 2014.

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Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe

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Tat Chee Tsui: ‘Does Smuggling Negate the Impact of a Tobacco Tax Increase?’,

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in 1783, smuggling developed at the edges of the United States at places like

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American Smuggling and British white-collar crime: A historical perspective

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Macroeconomic Dimensions of Public Finance: Essays in Honour of Vito Tanzi

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said that smuggling becomes second nature to businessmen, taking finished

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Lichtenwald, Terrance G., Steinhour, Mara H. and Perri, Frank S. (2012) "

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to transport the contraband across further distances or across borders.

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offer great opportunity for smugglers and traders alike. As the leading

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The International Anti-Opium Association, Peking "The War Against Opium"

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In popular perception smuggling is synonymous with illegal trade. Even

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Smugglers have also been known to transport contraband with the use of

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For illegally passing a border oneself, another method is with a false

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worldwide. Goods and people are also smuggled across seas hidden in

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Bhagwati, J. and B. Hansen: ‘A Theoretical Analysis of Smuggling’,

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N. J. Williams, ‘Francis Shaxton and the Elizabethan port books’,

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Smugglers: Picturesque chapters in the Story of an Ancient Craft

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Border Contraband: A History of Smuggling across the Rio Grande

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in which both the smuggled goods and the goods are punishable.

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stops and inspects every ship it would cause a total shipping

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to another destination, at a later date when the animals are

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Contraband: Smuggling and the Birth of the American Century.

2224:"'Suspected smugglers hide 500,000 narcotic pills on sheep'" 1166: – Term for smuggling in 16th century Spanish Caribbean 1125: – 1784 skirmish between smugglers and customs officers 733: 3096: 1131: – Crime involving the trafficking of credit card data 1043: 1011: 961: 945: 894: 2111:"These Cats Are Mules: Kitties Smuggle Goods into Prisons" 1409:

A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain: Letter III

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The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists

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dictates that greater enforcement results in more potent

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Camel carrying 114,000 drugs intercepted at Saudi border

2143:"Here's How Much a Carrier Pigeon's Drug Stash is Worth" 1994:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 1434:

The darkness of a moonless night aided furtive movement.

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is differently considered, and smuggling is defined as

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Research on smuggling as economic phenomenon is scant.

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Cole, W. A. “Trends in Eighteenth-Century Smuggling.”

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smuggle other kinds of contraband into prison such as

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or even force-feeding drugs to control their victims.

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was one of the commonest names for a bar on the coast.

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Smuggling: Contraband and Corruption in World History

1933:"Coast Guard hunts drug-running semi-subs - CNN.com" 1492: 394:), as well as the historical staples of smuggling, 329:tried to cut down on smuggling by establishing the 2471:(Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2006). 2056:"5 Animals Used to Smuggle Drugs in Latin America" 1971:" Homeland Security Affairs, Volume 8, Article 13. 1082:") was in force during years 1919–1932 in Finland. 787:), etc. Many smugglers fly on regularly scheduled 586: 163:(="to transport (goods) illegally"), apparently a 1500:. Federation of American Scientists. p. 24. 1325:"Bristol Unhgfgvf - News - 2012: Illicit Economy" 325:movement meant less smuggling. in 1907 President 4920: 2332:Smuggler Nation: How Illicit Trade Made America. 1990:Nordstrom, Carolyn (2007). "Chapter 12: Ports". 1312:Contraband Cargoes: Seven Centuries of Smuggling 1154: – Drug enforcement leads to higher potency 964:. Usually the cats are used to sneak drugs into 111:Smuggling is a common theme in literature, from 2359:(University of Texas Press, 2015) xiv, 241 pp. 2090:"Cat caught smuggling drugs into Panama prison" 1766: 522:Trafficking of human beings — sometimes called 19:"Smuggler" redirects here. For other uses, see 2421:(Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield, 2010) 199 pp. 1623:"More than half of slaves worldwide are women" 2513: 2447:Smuggling in Hampshire & Dorset 1700-1850 1232:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 2. 985:Additionally smugglers have also used homing 4558:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island 2203:"Uncovered: How goats can turn into 'mules'" 1722:Human Trafficking: Women's Stories of Agency 1160: – Criminal trial against Mafia members 273:smugglers were the darkest or most daring. 224:, Hampshire, on the south coast of England 2520: 2506: 2376:(Newcastle upon Tyne, Frank Graham, 1968). 2334:(New York: Oxford University Press, 2013). 1841: 1493:Nuñez-Neto, Blas; Kim, Yule (2008-05-14). 4189:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law 2486:(Countryside Books, 1985, updated 2003). 2440:American Smuggling as White Collar Crime. 2383:(Newcastle upon Tyne, Frank Graham, 1966) 1989: 1694:"Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling" 1556:"Cigarette Smuggling Linked to Terrorism" 1357:International Journal of Maritime History 1197:"Man arrested in tobacco smuggling raids" 856:, which is trade gridlock, which is also 665: 647:A smuggler of rare birds arrested by the 4816:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates 2388:Smuggling: Seven Centuries of Contraband 1226:Max Gallien and Florian Weigand (2021). 1069: 764:, the smuggling vessel of choice is the 732: 642: 506: 498: 373: 365: 337:. Smuggling revived in the 1920s during 169: 25: 2464:(Newcastle upon Tyne, V. Graham, 1964). 2369:(Newcastle upon Tyne, V. Graham, 1964). 2300: 2108: 1718: 1456: 426:can lead to a profit of US$ 2 million. 4921: 2484:Smuggling in Kent and Sussex 1700–1840 1536:from the original on November 26, 2012 1518: 3975:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham 2501: 1886: 1402: 756:, through overland smuggling routes, 543:, physical threats and use of force, 356: 4717:International Talk Like a Pirate Day 2449:(Newbury: Countryside Books, 1983). 1331:from the original on 4 November 2014 1178: – American drug smuggling ring 721:One economic view sees smuggling as 554: 494: 2276:Courtney Trenwith. (18 June 2015). 1780:. December 26, 2011. Archived from 1229:The Routledge Handbook of Smuggling 1065: 437: 257:with France and the United States. 16:Illegal movement of goods or people 13: 3784: 2424: 2324: 1832:, Vol. 25 (3) (May 2016), 361-362. 1719:Angelis, Maria De (January 2012). 1207:from the original on 18 April 2018 649:U.S. Customs and Border Protection 471:, many slaves moved north via the 14: 4955: 4607:Silver: Return to Treasure Island 2109:Memmott, Mark (21 October 2013). 1457:Spangle, Steven L. (2008-02-11). 1276:from the original on 2 April 2015 1074:Illegal alcohol in confiscation, 1002:. One such example is the use of 923: 454:involuntary trafficking of people 4903: 4902: 4890: 4743:A General History of the Pyrates 4565:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman 4086:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA 2434:, British Society of Criminology 1894:; Ter-Minassian, Teresa (eds.). 1682:from the original on 2010-04-01. 1629:from the original on 2010-02-09. 1611:from the original on 2010-04-20. 1568:from the original on 2007-08-08. 1416:from the original on 2 June 2015 1299:The Early English Customs System 593:smuggling and trafficking groups 2390:(London: Reaktion Books, 2016). 2307:Lawyer for customs criminal law 2294: 2285: 2270: 2256: 2242: 2216: 2195: 2185:"Cattle used in drug smuggling" 2177: 2163: 2149: 2135: 2121: 2102: 2082: 2062: 2048: 2035: 2026: 2017: 2008: 1983: 1974: 1954: 1943:from the original on 2010-06-18 1925: 1880: 1835: 1822: 1809: 1796: 1740: 1729:from the original on 2017-03-23 1712: 1686: 1668: 1647: 1633: 1615: 1597: 1572: 1548: 1507:from the original on 2008-10-11 1486: 1475:from the original on 2008-10-28 1450: 1437: 1428: 1396: 587:Human trafficking and migration 4101:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden 4096:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden 3849:Anti-piracy in the West Indies 2348:10#3 1958, pp. 395–410. 2341:(New York: W.W. Norton, 2015). 1804:Quarterly Journal of Economics 1466:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1383: 1362: 1346: 1317: 1304: 1288: 1262: 1219: 1189: 864:does not communicate, is that 1: 3957:Blockade of Charleston (Vane) 2157:"Plight of drug trade horses" 1725:(Ph.D.). University of Hull. 1270:"Online Etymology Dictionary" 1182: 1172: – Human smuggling gangs 1148: – Infamous crime scheme 108:of the items being smuggled. 45:, in violation of applicable 41:, or across an international 4530:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea 3780:Pirate battles and incidents 2442:(New York: Routledge, 2014). 2045:, Vol. 7, Summer 2009, p.17. 1748:"Internet / Home - INTERPOL" 1655:"Thomson Reuters Foundation" 993: 140: 125:spy books (and later films) 7: 3929:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth 3412:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami 2401:, 54 (2001). Winner of the 1111: 679:is more efficient than the 638: 335:United States-Mexico Border 10: 4960: 4806:Pirate films and TV series 4246:African Slave Trade Patrol 3814:Action of 11 November 2008 2603:Barbary pirates (corsairs) 2527: 1376:, 54 (2001); E. T. Jones, 728: 558: 441: 414:and drugs being smuggled. 178: 104:to prison inmates, or the 18: 4884: 4834: 4793: 4786: 4734: 4699: 4616: 4514: 4316: 4303: 4295:Trans-Saharan slave trade 4231: 4162: 3894:Battle off Minicoy Island 3869:Battle of Cape Fear River 3839:Anti-piracy in the Aegean 3809:Action of 28 October 2007 3804:Action of 9 November 1822 3779: 3677: 3585: 2949: 2942: 2868: 2832: 2789: 2742: 2735: 2580: 2535: 1391:English Historical Review 1359:, 19/2 (2007), pp. 43–88. 348:In modern times, as many 21:Smuggler (disambiguation) 4290:Indian Ocean slave trade 4179:International piracy law 4116:Pirate attacks in Borneo 3988:Capture of the schooner 3980:Capture of the schooner 3914:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet 3640:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 2403:Economic History Society 2070:"Dogs used as smugglers" 2043:Inside Homeland Security 1605:"Mexico Human Smuggling" 980: 361: 4749:Captain Charles Johnson 4173:1717–1718 Acts of Grace 3884:Battle of Mandab Strait 3864:Battle of Boca Teacapan 3859:Balanguingui Expedition 3824:Action of 23 March 2010 2399:Economic History Review 2346:Economic History Review 2032:Nordstrom 2007, p. 121. 2023:Nordstrom 2007, p. 120. 2014:Nordstrom 2007, p. 119. 1374:Economic History Review 1295:N. S. B. Gras 1152:Iron law of prohibition 955: 939: 918:smuggling organizations 893:or products, it leaves 696:smuggling of cigarettes 570:had been smuggled into 561:Trafficking of children 408:iron law of prohibition 386:, and the smuggling of 174:A book with cigarettes. 4106:Operation Ocean Shield 3934:Battle of Tonkin River 3879:Battle of Doro Passage 3834:Action of 5 April 2010 3829:Action of 1 April 2010 3819:Action of 9 April 2009 3799:1985 Lahad Datu ambush 3789: 3625:Jose Campuzano-Polanco 3610:Duarte Pacheco Pereira 2757:British Virgin Islands 2337:Cohen, Andrew Wender. 2301:Hildebrandt, Torsten. 1819:, vol VI, 2000, Dhaka. 1445:The Kingdom by the Sea 1158:Pizza Connection Trial 1083: 811:to the UK through the 748: 688:Faizul Latif Chowdhury 666:Economics of smuggling 652: 618:Criminal organizations 599:are aspiring to enter 519: 504: 465:Southern United States 379: 371: 279: 262:Robert Louis Stevenson 231: 175: 31: 4722:Pirates versus Ninjas 4149:Slave raid of Suðuroy 4111:Persian Gulf Campaign 3996:Capture of the sloop 3924:Battle of the Leotung 3909:Battle of New Orleans 3788: 3650:Richard Avery Hornsby 3402:Piet Pieterszoon Hein 3362:Moses Cohen Henriques 3332:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal 3077:Christina Anna Skytte 2615:Brethren of the Coast 2598:Baltic Slavic pirates 2545:Ancient Mediterranean 2462:Memoirs of a Smuggler 2367:Smuggling in Cornwall 1526:"Tobacco Underground" 1238:10.4324/9781003043645 1176:The Yogurt Connection 1073: 934:turn state's evidence 736: 646: 510: 502: 483:were smuggled out of 377: 369: 350:first-world countries 331:Roosevelt Reservation 291:American independence 270: 226: 173: 58:illegal weapons trade 29: 4939:Prison-related crime 4644:skull and crossbones 4600:Mistress of the Seas 4282:Capture of the brig 4259:Atlantic slave trade 4020:Falklands Expedition 3874:Battle of Cape Lopez 3794:1582 Cagayan battles 3721:Queen Anne's Revenge 3272:José Joaquim Almeida 3257:John Newland Maffitt 3177:Hayreddin Barbarossa 3017:Bartolomeu Português 3007:Artemisia I of Caria 3002:Alexandre Exquemelin 2840:Baltic Slavic piracy 2593:Anglo-Turkish piracy 2414:(Ashgate, June 2012) 2379:Harper, Charles G., 1784:on December 26, 2011 1380:(Ashgate, June 2012) 1024:horse-drawn vehicles 803:. The high level of 597:low income countries 475:. Similarly, during 473:Underground Railroad 319:embargo of 1807-1809 128:Diamonds Are Forever 4661:No purchase, no pay 4629:Davy Jones's locker 4572:The Angel's Command 4416:Guybrush Threepwood 4264:Barbary slave trade 4241:African slave trade 4038:Jiajing wokou raids 3939:Battle of Ty-ho Bay 3162:François l'Olonnais 3022:Bartholomew Roberts 2910:Republic of Pirates 2075:Library of Congress 1561:The Washington Post 1097:international trade 901:and is affected by 629:transnational crime 601:developed countries 98:export restrictions 94:import restrictions 82:illegal immigration 4821:Timeline of piracy 4778:Piracy kidnappings 4431:Jacquotte Delahaye 4386:Charlotte de Berry 4376:Captain Sabertooth 4269:Blockade of Africa 4224:Piracy Law of 1820 4154:Turkish Abductions 4091:Operation Atalanta 4025:Great Lakes Patrol 3904:Battle of Nam Quan 3854:Attack on Veracruz 3790: 3372:Nicholas van Hoorn 3357:Michel de Grammont 3222:Jacquotte Delahaye 3207:Hippolyte Bouchard 3127:Elise Eskilsdotter 3067:Charlotte de Berry 3032:Benjamin Hornigold 2467:Smith, Joshua M., 2460:Rattenbury, John, 2445:Morley, Geoffrey, 2438:Karson, Lawrence. 2374:Smuggling in Devon 2230:. 2 September 2015 1967:2013-11-03 at the 1754:on 12 October 2002 1123:Battle of Mudeford 1106:cognizable offense 1084: 912:around the world. 827:Border checkpoints 777:body cavity search 749: 656:Wildlife smuggling 653: 520: 505: 487:by people such as 392:illegal arms trade 380: 372: 357:Types of smuggling 327:Theodore Roosevelt 176: 86:illegal emigration 32: 4916: 4915: 4897:Piracy portal 4880: 4879: 4857:Fictional pirates 4756:Truce of Ratisbon 4730: 4729: 4691:Walking the plank 4551:On Stranger Tides 4491:Tony Tony Chopper 4381:Captain Stingaree 4318:Fictional pirates 4134:Sack of Baltimore 4129:Raid on Cartagena 4071:Moscow University 3950:Beluga Nomination 3919:Battle of Pianosa 3844:Antelope incident 3735:Marquis of Havana 3673: 3672: 3382:Olivier Levasseur 3322:Louis-Michel Aury 3287:Klaus Störtebeker 3237:Jeanne de Clisson 3157:François Le Clerc 2992:Anne Dieu-le-Veut 2938: 2937: 2855:South China Coast 2819:Strait of Malacca 2266:. 11 August 2014. 2131:. September 2015. 1847:Stein, Barbara H. 1843:Stein, Stanley J. 1641:"I. Introduction" 1584:The National News 1146:French Connection 1088:social scientists 903:institutionalized 899:shipping industry 858:economic gridlock 781:balloon swallower 758:smuggling tunnels 555:Child trafficking 524:human trafficking 513:UNICEF Ambassador 495:Human trafficking 295:Passamaquoddy Bay 275:The Smugglers Inn 66:human trafficking 4951: 4906: 4905: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4791: 4790: 4593:Pirate Latitudes 4586:Long John Silver 4579:Voyage of Slaves 4446:Long John Silver 4341:Captain Birdseye 4314: 4313: 4184:Letter of marque 4144:Salvador Pirates 4139:Sack of Campeche 3962:Chepo Expedition 3944:Battle of Tysami 3899:Battle off Mukah 3889:Battle of Manila 3728:Quedagh Merchant 3686:Adventure Galley 3532:Victual Brothers 3517:Thomas Cavendish 3482:Sayyida al Hurra 3467:Samuel Hall Lord 3447:Roche Braziliano 3432:Robert Culliford 3367:Nathaniel Gordon 3337:Martin Frobisher 3297:Laurens de Graaf 3267:Jørgen Jørgensen 3202:Henry Strangways 3182:Hendrick Lucifer 3132:Eustace the Monk 2997:António de Faria 2947: 2946: 2915:Republic of Salé 2885:Île Sainte-Marie 2740: 2739: 2717:Victual Brothers 2625:Cilician pirates 2522: 2515: 2508: 2499: 2498: 2435: 2433: 2393:Jones, Evan T., 2355:Díaz, George T. 2330:Andreas, Peter. 2318: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2281:Arabian Business 2274: 2268: 2267: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2098:. 23 April 2021. 2086: 2080: 2079: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2052: 2046: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2005: 1987: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1916: 1914: 1892:Bléjer, Mario I. 1884: 1878: 1877: 1871: 1869: 1839: 1833: 1826: 1820: 1813: 1807: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1778:Deccan Chronicle 1770: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1750:. Archived from 1744: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1696:. Archived from 1690: 1684: 1683: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1591: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1506: 1499: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1480: 1474: 1463: 1454: 1448: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1400: 1394: 1387: 1381: 1366: 1360: 1350: 1344: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1321: 1315: 1308: 1302: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1223: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1193: 1170:Snakehead (gang) 1118:Arms trafficking 1093:customs stations 1066:Legal definition 846:Customs Official 702:(VAT) and other 672:Jagdish Bhagwati 651:at a U.S. border 578:or even killed. 450:people smuggling 444:People smuggling 438:People smuggling 384:drug trafficking 315:Thomas Jefferson 4959: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4944:Organized crime 4919: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4891: 4889: 4876: 4842:Barbary pirates 4830: 4826:Women in piracy 4782: 4726: 4695: 4624:Buried treasure 4612: 4544:Facing the Flag 4537:Treasure Island 4510: 4456:Vaas Montenegro 4451:Monkey D. Luffy 4421:Hector Barbossa 4406:Elizabeth Swann 4371:Captain Pugwash 4308: 4306: 4299: 4276:Veloz Passagera 4274:Capture of the 4227: 4158: 3967:Capture of the 3775: 3707:Flying Dutchman 3669: 3635:Miguel Enríquez 3587: 3581: 3547:William Dampier 3502:Simon Mascarino 3497:Shirahama Kenki 3477:Samuel Pallache 3442:Roberto Cofresí 3352:Mary Wolverston 3327:Mansel Alcantra 3302:Lawrence Prince 2982:Albert W. Hicks 2934: 2872: 2864: 2828: 2785: 2731: 2727:Women in piracy 2692:Sindhi corsairs 2645:French corsairs 2635:Cossack pirates 2588:Albanian piracy 2581:Types of pirate 2576: 2531: 2526: 2431: 2425:Karson, Larry, 2408:Jones, Evan T, 2386:Harvey, Simon, 2372:Graham, Frank, 2365:Graham, Frank, 2327: 2325:Further reading 2322: 2321: 2311: 2309: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2275: 2271: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2252:. 23 June 2015. 2248: 2247: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2107: 2103: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2002: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1969:Wayback Machine 1959: 1955: 1946: 1944: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1885: 1881: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1840: 1836: 1830:Tobacco Control 1827: 1823: 1817:Fiscal Frontier 1814: 1810: 1801: 1797: 1787: 1785: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1732: 1730: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1589: 1587: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1539: 1537: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1497: 1491: 1487: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1461: 1455: 1451: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1401: 1397: 1388: 1384: 1367: 1363: 1351: 1347: 1334: 1332: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1310:N.J. Williams, 1309: 1305: 1293: 1289: 1279: 1277: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1248: 1224: 1220: 1210: 1208: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1129:Carding (fraud) 1114: 1068: 996: 983: 958: 942: 930:trained animals 926: 877:. An anonymous 862:popular culture 731: 704:consumption tax 700:value added tax 668: 641: 589: 576:sexually abused 563: 557: 497: 448:With regard to 446: 440: 364: 359: 285:, smuggling in 181: 143: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4957: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4900: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4867:Piracy by year 4864: 4859: 4854: 4852:Female pirates 4849: 4847:By nationality 4844: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4797: 4795: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4738: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4603: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4441:Joshamee Gibbs 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4311: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4279: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4248: 4243: 4237: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4221: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4075: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4044:Maersk Alabama 4040: 4035: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4009: 4001: 3993: 3985: 3977: 3972: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3655:Robert Maynard 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3591: 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2010. 2148: 2145:. 24 May 2017. 2134: 2120: 2101: 2081: 2061: 2047: 2034: 2025: 2016: 2007: 2000: 1992:Global Outlaws 1982: 1973: 1953: 1939:. 2008-03-20. 1924: 1906: 1888:Makin, John H. 1879: 1861: 1834: 1821: 1808: 1806:, 1973, p.172. 1795: 1765: 1739: 1711: 1685: 1667: 1646: 1632: 1614: 1596: 1571: 1564:. 2004-06-08. 1547: 1517: 1485: 1449: 1443:Paul Theroux, 1436: 1427: 1395: 1382: 1361: 1345: 1316: 1314:(London, 1959) 1303: 1287: 1261: 1246: 1218: 1201:mynewsdesk.com 1187: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1137: 1135:Counterfeiting 1132: 1126: 1120: 1113: 1110: 1067: 1064: 995: 992: 982: 979: 957: 954: 941: 938: 925: 924:Use of animals 922: 879:shipping agent 813:Channel Tunnel 771:Submitting to 762:Gulf of Mexico 744:piled up with 730: 727: 677:private sector 667: 664: 640: 637: 588: 585: 559:Main article: 556: 553: 496: 493: 442:Main article: 439: 436: 363: 360: 358: 355: 307:Lake Champlain 287:colonial times 180: 177: 142: 139: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4956: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4934:Black markets 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4909: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735:Miscellaneous 4733: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700:Miscellaneous 4698: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4681:Pirate utopia 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4401:Elaine Marley 4399: 4397: 4396:Edward Kenway 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4356:Captain Flint 4354: 4352: 4351:Captain Crook 4349: 4347: 4346:Captain Blood 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4169:Acts of grace 4167: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4062:Orkim Harmony 4058: 4056: 4054: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4005:Carré d'As IV 4002: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3969:Ambrose Light 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3749:Royal Fortune 3746: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3723: 3722: 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3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3307:Liang Daoming 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3152:Francis Drake 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3107:Dominique You 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3062:Charles Gibbs 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2957:Abduwali Muse 2955: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2943:Major figures 2941: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2880:Barataria Bay 2878: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2870:Pirate havens 2867: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2845:Barbary Coast 2843: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2697:Timber pirate 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 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1864: 1862:9780801861352 1858: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1838: 1831: 1825: 1818: 1812: 1805: 1799: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1753: 1749: 1743: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1715: 1700:on 2008-06-24 1699: 1695: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1656: 1650: 1642: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1610: 1606: 1600: 1585: 1581: 1575: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1521: 1503: 1496: 1489: 1471: 1468:. p. 3. 1467: 1460: 1453: 1446: 1440: 1431: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1404:Defoe, Daniel 1399: 1392: 1386: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368:E. T. Jones, 1365: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1343: 1342:Dr Evan Jones 1330: 1326: 1320: 1313: 1307: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1275: 1271: 1265: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1247:9780367489533 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1222: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1192: 1188: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 991: 988: 978: 976: 971: 967: 963: 953: 951: 947: 937: 935: 931: 921: 919: 913: 911: 907: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 871: 867: 866:illegal drugs 863: 859: 855: 851: 850:shipping port 848:argues, if a 847: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 821: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 773:border checks 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 747: 743: 739: 735: 726: 724: 719: 715: 713: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 686:In contrast, 684: 682: 681:public sector 678: 673: 663: 661: 657: 650: 645: 636: 632: 630: 625: 621: 619: 615: 609: 607: 602: 598: 594: 584: 581: 577: 573: 569: 562: 552: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 517: 514: 509: 501: 492: 490: 486: 482: 481:Jewish people 478: 477:the Holocaust 474: 470: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 445: 435: 432: 427: 425: 424:United States 420: 415: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 376: 368: 354: 351: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 283:North America 278: 276: 269: 267: 263: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 230: 225: 223: 219: 215: 210: 206: 204: 199: 194: 190: 186: 172: 168: 166: 165:frequentative 162: 159: 155: 152: 148: 138: 136: 135: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 114: 109: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 50: 48: 44: 40: 36: 28: 22: 4888: 4761:Pirate Round 4741: 4712:Space pirate 4686:Treasure map 4605: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4476:Roronoa Zoro 4426:Jack Sparrow 4366:Captain Nemo 4361:Captain Hook 4283: 4275: 4251: 4121: 4078: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4030: 4013:Dai Hong Dan 4012: 4004: 3997: 3989: 3981: 3968: 3949: 3768: 3763:Whydah Gally 3761: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3714:Ganj-i-Sawai 3712: 3705: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3678:Pirate ships 3630:Luis Fajardo 3615:James Brooke 3605:David Porter 3577:Zheng Yi Sao 3552:William Kidd 3507:Stede Bonnet 3492:Shap-ng-tsai 3472:Samuel Mason 3392:Peter Easton 3342:Mary Lindsey 3292:Lai Choi San 3282:Joseph Barss 3277:Joseph Baker 3247:John Hawkins 3242:Johanna Hård 3232:Jean Lafitte 3227:Jan Janszoon 3217:Israel Hands 3197:Henry Morgan 3187:Henri Caesar 3102:Dirk Chivers 3037:Black Caesar 2962:Abshir Boyah 2833:Other waters 2814:Persian Gulf 2802:Somali Coast 2790:Indian Ocean 2762:Spanish Main 2677:River pirate 2655:Moro pirates 2630:Child pirate 2555:21st century 2483: 2468: 2461: 2446: 2439: 2427: 2418: 2410: 2398: 2387: 2380: 2373: 2366: 2356: 2345: 2338: 2331: 2310:. Retrieved 2306: 2296: 2287: 2280: 2272: 2258: 2244: 2232:. Retrieved 2228:Jordan Times 2227: 2218: 2206:. Retrieved 2197: 2188: 2179: 2165: 2151: 2137: 2123: 2114: 2104: 2093: 2084: 2073: 2064: 2050: 2042: 2037: 2028: 2019: 2010: 1991: 1985: 1976: 1956: 1945:. Retrieved 1936: 1927: 1918: 1911:. Retrieved 1896: 1882: 1873: 1866:. Retrieved 1851: 1837: 1829: 1824: 1816: 1811: 1803: 1798: 1788:December 27, 1786:. Retrieved 1782:the original 1768: 1756:. Retrieved 1752:the original 1742: 1731:. Retrieved 1721: 1714: 1702:. Retrieved 1698:the original 1688: 1670: 1658:. Retrieved 1649: 1643:. state.gov. 1635: 1617: 1599: 1588:. Retrieved 1586:. 2023-10-17 1583: 1574: 1559: 1550: 1540:November 26, 1538:. Retrieved 1529: 1520: 1509:. Retrieved 1488: 1477:. Retrieved 1452: 1444: 1439: 1430: 1418:. Retrieved 1408: 1398: 1390: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1364: 1356: 1353:Huw V. Bowen 1348: 1333:. Retrieved 1319: 1311: 1306: 1298: 1290: 1278:. Retrieved 1264: 1228: 1221: 1209:. 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