27:
457:
634:
220:
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in 1962. From 1966, the ISSF world championships included women's events in both prone and three-position smallbore shooting, though women could also enter the other 'open' events. This changed from 1982, when the 'open' events were re-categorised as men's events. At the
Olympic Games, prone and three-position smallbore shooting were made into mixed events between 1972 and 1980. In 1984, they reverted to men's events with a three-position smallbore shooting match for women. After the 2016 Olympics, the men's 50m prone event was removed, leaving only the men's and women's three-position events.
552:
255:. British veterans of and commentators on the war considered the high standard of Boer marksmanship to have been a decisive factor in their success, and identified this marksmanship as a consequence of the "rifle culture" of Boer society, leading to efforts to encourage British soldiers and civilians to gain a similar familiarity and practice with firearms. A particularly prominent critic of British marksmanship was
621:, each team shooting on their own range and sending the results to the other. More commonly, however, postal competitions are administered by sending the shot cards to a neutral scorer. It is usual practice for pre-allocated competition stickers to be affixed behind one of the target diagrams, to ensure that the shooter does not attempt to cheat by shooting multiple cards and afterwards selecting the best one.
301:, an officer of the US Army, with the assistance of E.J.D. Nesbitt, a British official of the Society of Miniature Rifle Clubs who had been involved in organising smallbore competitions at Bisley. The growing popularity of smallbore shooting led to demand for rifles which mirrored those used in military service but which could be used safely on shorter indoor ranges: the
361:) focused on fullbore shooting and generally drew their members from conservative, middle-class men, the 1920s saw the rise of 'sport shooting' clubs, often more working-class and left-wing in composition, which practised largely or entirely with smallbore rifles. In November 1925, the Reich Centre for Promoting Small-Bore Shooting in Germany was established.
624:
Smallbore matches can be conducted according to various courses of fire. A common format is the 'English Match', consisting of sixty shots: in the modern era, this has generally been shot at 50 metres (55 yd) or 50 yards (46 m), though competitions before 1962 split the shots between 50 and
491:
The rifle is supported with the aid of a stiff jacket, usually made of canvas or leather, with high-grip pads on the elbows and shoulder. A stiff glove is typically worn on the supporting hand. In the prone and kneeling positions, a sling is used to support the rifle, though the rifle generally rests
428:
In 1947, the ISSF World
Championships in Stockholm added an 'English Match' event, then consisting of 30 shots at 50 metres (55 yd) and 30 at 100 metres (110 yd). From the 1958 Moscow games, women were allowed to compete in this event, which was changed to 60 shots at 50 metres (55 yd)
329:
French primary schools began to teach boys military drill, including skill at arms and shooting, from the 1880s. In 1881, the government ordered the production of 52,600 smallbore rifles suitable for training school pupils in marksmanship; from 1887, boys aged ten and older were required to be taught
648:
The Dewar Trophy, considered the world's most prestigious postal match. The Dewar was inaugurated in 1908 as a challenge between the
British Society of Miniature Rifle Clubs and the National Rifle Association of America, which developed into a three-way match between Great Britain, the United States
177:, particularly Australia, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand. It is also popular in the United States, and has a substantial following in continental Europe, particularly France, Germany and Switzerland. It forms part of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, and has a world championships hosted by the
656:
The
Pershing and Roberts Matches, a shoulder-to-shoulder fixture between Great Britain and the United States. Each is normally contested every eight years, on a four-year offset: the Pershing at at the National Rifle Association of America's National Matches, and the Roberts at Bisley at the NSRA's
604:
In most competitions, shooters are divided into ability classes, either based on previous competition performance or declared average scores, and prizes are then awarded within each class. In the United
Kingdom, this is generally the only division made within a competition, and all ages and genders
296:
In the United States, smallbore shooting is documented from the mid-1870s, predominantly as a means of continuing to shoot during the winter months, when outdoor ranges were too cold. It grew in popularity after the First World War, and the
National Rifle Association established the first national
342:
Smallbore shooting began in
Australia in the mid-nineteenth century, and rifle clubs existed in every Australian state by 1914. The sport of smallbore gained a reputation for being accepting towards female shooters, in contrast to fullbore shooting, which remained a male-dominated sport into the
266:
had been founded in 1859 "for the encouragement of the
Volunteer Rifle corps, and the promotion of Rifle-Shooting throughout Great Britain." However, the popularity of shooting with large-calibre military rifles was constrained by the inaccessibility of suitable ranges, which required large open
210:
rifle cartridge. However, it was originally treated largely as a recreational pastime, and considered the "poor cousin" of fullbore shooting, conducted with military-style rifles. This began to change in the United
Kingdom from the turn of the 20th century, in the United States from 1918, and in
608:
Matches can be either shoulder-to-shoulder, in which the opposing shooters compete simultaneously on the same range, or postal. In a postal match, shooters may fire on different ranges at different times, sending their scores or shot cards for tabulation. Postal competitions may take place over
495:
In the standing position, a support is often used to allow the firer to rest the rifle between shots. Stiff trousers, in the same material as the shooting jacket, may be worn to increase the stability and consistency of the shooting position. In the kneeling position, a kneeling roll is placed
419:
The first smallbore events at the
Olympic Games were contested in 1908. These games included smallbore shoots at disappearing and moving targets, which were not repeated. With the exception of 1928, smallbore shooting has featured in some capacity at every Olympics since. After 1924, smallbore
625:
100 metres. Another common course of fire is the 'Dewar', which consists of twenty shots at each of 50 and 100 yards (46 and 91 m), sometimes increased to a 'Double Dewar' of forty shots at each. Less common is the 'Scottish Match', consisting of sixty shots at 100 yards (91 m).
278:
In 1901, the Society of Working Men's Rifle Clubs was founded. By the end of 1902, it had nearly 80 affiliated clubs. In 1903, the SWMRC joined with the British Rifle League, itself founded in 1900, in holding a "miniature Bisley" — a shooting competition for smallbore rifles — in
663:
The Wakefield Match, shot to an 'English Match' course of fire at 50 m (55 yd). Begun in 1933 as a postal match between Great Britain and Sweden, the match went into abeyance in 1984, and was resurrected in 1991 as a fixture between Great Britain and various Anglosphere
267:
spaces that could only be found in rural areas, and by the cost of ammunition. Two parallel developments in the 1880s opened the possibility that marksmanship training could be made available more cheaply and to those living in towns and cities: the development of the
506:
Depending on the individual shooter, the discipline and the conditions, other shooting equipment can include a cap, a blinder for the shooter's non-dominant eye, a shooting mat and a telescope to allow the shooter to see and correct for the fall of their shots.
527:
Smallbore shooting can be conducted either indoors or outside. Typically, shooting at ranges of 25 yards (23 m) and shorter is done indoors, while longer-range shooting at 100 yards (91 m) or more is almost invariably done outdoors. The British
416:(ISSF) was formed in the wake of the 1896 Olympics, and conducted its first world championship in 1897. However, the only ISSF rifle events were in fullbore shooting until the 1924 games, hosted by France, in which 50m rifle was added as a women's event.
535:
Traditionally, paper or card targets are used, either with a single target diagram (most common in continental Europe) or multiple diagrams between which the shooter moves over the course of the shoot (most common in Great Britain). In modern times,
424:
as a test event; it remained for the 1929 games at Stockholm and has been contested ever since. The same year, the men's 50m three position rifle event was added, in which 40 shots were fired in each of the prone, kneeling and standing positions.
283:
in late March 1903. In May, the SWMRC and BRL amalgamated to form the Society of Miniature Rifle Clubs. The first National Rifle Meeting was first held at Bisley in 1922. The Society of Miniature Rifle Clubs changed its name to the
305:
rifle, manufactured from 1918 and sold commercially from 1920, was first exhibited at the 1919 National Rifle Matches, and remained one of the world's leading smallbore target rifles until the 1960s, when it was overtaken by newer
1706:
2083:
355:, and became particularly popular in the 1920s as a means of recreation and in connection with various political ideologies, from republicanism to atavistic, conservative nationalism. While traditional shooting clubs (
2025:
1974:
653:, who donated its trophy. From 1910, entry was opened to British colonies and dependencies, and it has since been contested at various times by Australia, Canada, Ceylon, India, New Zealand and South Africa.
2219:
1566:
596:. ISSF rules govern the equipment and positions that can be used in international matches, which sometimes diverge from the national traditions or habits adopted in domestic competition.
26:
1923:
275:
cartridge in 1887. By 1900, a smallbore rifle could be purchased for £1 or less (equivalent to £137 in 2023), within the reach of skilled urban workers and the middle classes.
2090:
660:
The Randle Match, a women's match shot to a 'Single Dewar' course of fire. It is contested between teams of ten from Great Britain and the United States on American-sized targets.
645:
The Drew Match, an international match for shooters aged under twenty-one. Each nation enters three teams: a mixed team of ten, a men's team of three, and a women's team of three.
2230:
2215:
456:
1978:
540:
are increasingly common. Target sizes vary between countries: those used in the United States are typically slightly larger than those used in Great Britain, for example.
298:
231:. Roberts was instrumental in the promotion of smallbore shooting in the United Kingdom, and in the foundation of what became the National Smallbore Rifle Association
1659:
2234:
1997:
1574:
334:, which used a low-powered 6mm cartridge. The practice of marksmanship training in schools was reinvigorated in 1907, but fell into abeyance after 1925.
203:
1851:
376:. Its Match 54 action became established as the world's leading smallbore action in the 1960s, and remains popular among smallbore shooters worldwide.
1636:
503:, to help the rifle keep its position in the shoulder. A butt-hook may be fitted to further support the rifle by hooking under the shooter's armpit.
271:
in 1883, which could be fitted inside the barrel of a large-calibre rifle to allow it to fire small-calibre ammunition, and that of the successful
321:
From 1926 until 1933, recruits into the US Army's infantry and cavalry were required to carry out a qualification shoot with a small bore rifle.
1799:
1934:
2292:
Waterman (2009). Feist, Paul (ed.). "Streetcars, Gas Lights, Black Powder: Winder Muskets Revisited and Maybe Some Other Stories Thrown In".
1830:
633:
2149:
1952:
581:
or 'prone supported' position, in which shooters sit in a chair and rest their elbows on a bench or table at approximately chest height.
529:
263:
2109:
433:
543:
On outdoor ranges, wind flags are often provided to assist shooters in judging and adjusting for the effect of wind on the bullet.
163:, at ranges generally of 100 yards (91 m) or shorter. Depending on the range, it can either be conducted indoors or outdoors.
2254:
194:
Organised rifle shooting for sport largely developed in the 19th century. Switzerland was one of the first countries to establish
2135:
1930:
1847:
1768:
980:
585:
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178:
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1895:
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1691:
1600:
1239:
285:
199:
637:
Shooters in the prone and kneeling positions during the men's 50 metre rifle three positions event at the 2016 Olympic Games
198:, in 1824. Similar organisations were founded in Britain, France and Germany in the mid-nineteenth century, followed by the
2021:
2005:
1993:
1970:
1364:
1362:
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884:
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1730:
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959:
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921:
219:
195:
1875:
Johnstone, Isobel (2011). "Targeting Equality: A Short History of the QRA's Lady Shooters". In Casey, Bill (ed.).
1683:
1640:
1826:
685:. As of the 2020 Summer Olympics, the competitive standard of the various smallbore disciplines is as follows:
677:
included both 50m rifle three positions and 50m rifle prone, but only the three-position event was included for
2311:
750:
1859:
650:
170:
rifle shooting, which uses larger, higher-powered calibres, and is almost universally conducted outdoors.
523:
50-metre range at the Lord Roberts Centre, Bisley, the home of the National Smallbore Rifle Association.
384:
589:
2053:
515:
888:
248:
1003:
1001:
280:
2214:
1956:
1368:
2174:
2116:
1590:
975:
167:
42:
998:
436:
World University Shooting Championships were held. Smallbore shooting first featured at the
173:
Historically, smallbore shooting has been most popular in the United Kingdom and the former
806:
682:
678:
674:
389:
297:
smallbore matches in August 1919. These early national smallbore matches were organised by
2157:
1896:"Shooting Power: A Study of the Effectiveness of Boer and British Rifle Fire, 1899 – 1914"
532:
administers a long-range smallbore match, shot at 200 and 300 yards (180 and 270 m).
420:
dropped from the ISSF's roster until 1928, when 50m prone rifle was added to the games at
8:
2084:"A History of the United States National Outdoor Smallbore Rifle Championships 1919-2010"
302:
244:
228:
605:
compete together. In high-level competitions, all shooters compete in the same class.
577:
and standing. It is also sometimes conducted, particularly by disabled shooters, in the
570:
259:, who considered that accurate shooting should be the primary aim of military training.
239:
in 1899 saw a series of defeats for the British Army, particularly during the so-called
2258:
1793:
614:
578:
437:
207:
127:
1760:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
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numerous rounds, often fired in stages over weeks or months. In 1952, a match between
564:
444:, smallbore shooting has featured since 1996, when smallbore events were added to the
2278:
2201:
1880:
1812:
1745:
1726:
1622:
1596:
955:
936:
917:
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537:
432:
The ISSF's junior world championship was first contested in 1994. In 2004, the first
315:
252:
202:
in 1871. Smallbore shooting first became possible in 1845, when the French gun-maker
1215:
1130:
1128:
1126:
307:
1907:
1723:
Marksmanship in the U.S. Army: A History of Medals, Shooting Programs, and Training
1326:
441:
401:
137:
84:
499:
Rifles used in smallbore target shooting often have a pronounced curvature in the
460:
A shooter competing in the 50 metre prone rifle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
1786:
History of the National Rifle Association During Its First Fifty Years, 1859–1909
1635:
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1123:
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268:
236:
156:
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174:
160:
105:
1809:
Becoming a Nazi Town: Culture and Politics in Göttingen Between the World Wars
1316:
1314:
1312:
351:
In Germany, 'sharpshooting clubs' developed from a long-standing tradition of
343:
1960s. In 1914, every state had at least one women's smallbore shooting club.
2305:
409:
117:
1309:
899:
480:, though recreational shooters sometimes use optical or telescopic sights.
469:
397:
373:
2196:
Steele, David (2000). "Salisbury and the Soldiers". In Gooch, John (ed.).
1383:
1381:
1025:
657:
National Rifle Meeting. Both are shot to a 'Single Dewar' course of fire.
477:
465:
331:
311:
159:. Smallbore shooting uses smaller-calibre rifles, typically chambered in
1704:
1221:
1111:
488:
or increase the contrast between the target diagram and the background.
2065:
1846:
1644:
1341:
933:'Prone to Win': The Art and Science of Small-bore Target Rifle Shooting
641:
Major annual international team matches in smallbore shooting include:
618:
500:
421:
240:
1393:
1378:
2020:
1992:
1969:
1536:
1146:
1134:
1100:
569:
Smallbore shooting is typically conducted in one of three positions:
365:
2153:
1369:
Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games 2021
1619:
Backstage Domains: Playing "William Tell" in Two Swiss Communities
1299:
1297:
496:
beneath the shooter's back ankle to further support the position.
364:
The gun-maker J. G. Anschütz, originally established in Mehlis in
464:
The rifles used for smallbore shooting are typically single-shot
445:
243:
of 10–15 December 1899, in which British forces were defeated at
32:
1825:
1441:
1320:
1294:
2216:
Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games
2133:
1031:
898:
In the United States, smallbore shooting has been governed by
1758:
1117:
883:
In the United Kingdom, smallbore shooting is governed by the
2046:
The International Shooting Union: Official History 1907–1977
1246:
2294:
The Redwood Stumper: The Newsletter of the Redwood Gun Club
1542:
2252:
2029:
1951:
1877:
Home on the Range: Queensland Rifle Association, 1861–2011
1707:"L'enseignement du tir dans les écoles primaires de Passy"
1399:
1387:
476:. Most competitive disciplines require competitors to use
151:, sometimes known (particularly in the United Kingdom) as
2110:"A Short History of the Dewar International Postal Match"
2058:
1508:
1506:
1481:
1479:
440:
in 1966, and continued at every games until 2018. In the
369:
1660:"Rifle Team Beats Cambridge University in Decisive Meet"
1491:
1042:
1040:
668:
1270:
1258:
1152:
952:
Successful Rifle Shooting with Small-bore and Air Rifle
1503:
1476:
1417:
1405:
1227:
1193:
1191:
1164:
1008:
British Association for Shooting and Conservation 2020
1347:
1203:
1176:
1076:
1064:
1037:
388:
The three medallists in 50m men's prone rifle at the
2054:"Paris 2024 Olympic Competition Schedule – Shooting"
1831:"Shooting: History of Shooting at the Olympic Games"
1518:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1429:
1282:
492:
on the hand and arm alone in the standing position.
2172:
1658:
1595:. Meyer and Meyer Series. Meyer & Meyer Sport.
1447:
1303:
1188:
1052:
1013:
1684:"Early History Of The Smallbore Rifle Prone Match"
1705:Culture, Histoire et Patrimoine de Passy (2013).
1637:British Association for Shooting and Conservation
1453:
559:fires a smallbore rifle in the standing position.
484:are sometimes fitted to the rear sight to reduce
2303:
1783:
1666:. Harvard University. 1952-03-10. Archived from
1105:
1879:. Brisbane: Boolarong Press. pp. 105–121.
2198:The Boer War: Direction, Experience and Image
2134:Shanklin Rifle and Pistol Club (2011-07-26).
1588:
1567:"Smallbore Prone Rifle International Matches"
1548:
1222:Culture, Histoire et Patrimoine de Passy 2013
1759:Historic Arms Research Centre (2020-05-09).
1742:The History of Winchester Firearms 1866–1992
1342:International Shooting Sport Federation 2009
379:
356:
330:to shoot at 10 metres (11 yd) with the
1811:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
914:Smallbore Rifle Shooting: A Practical Guide
235:In the United Kingdom, the outbreak of the
2052:
2048:. Wiesbaden: International Shooting Union.
1921:
1798:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1537:National Small-bore Rifle Association 2023
1423:
1372:
1147:National Small-bore Rifle Association 2014
1135:National Small-bore Rifle Association 2017
35:small bore rifle in the standing position.
25:
2107:
2081:
1874:
1512:
1497:
1485:
1411:
1252:
1170:
1046:
2291:
2148:
1725:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
1681:
1524:
1435:
1238:sfn error: no target: CITEREFScott2020 (
1158:
632:
628:
550:
514:
455:
383:
372:in western Germany after the end of the
218:
2026:"National Small-bore Rifle Association"
1931:International Shooting Sport Federation
1848:International Shooting Sport Federation
1784:Humphry, A.P.; Fremantle, T.F. (1914).
1739:
1720:
1209:
1182:
981:International Shooting Sport Federation
588:administers two smallbore disciplines:
586:International Shooting Sport Federation
414:International Shooting Sport Federation
179:International Shooting Sport Federation
2304:
2195:
2043:
1806:
1771:from the original on 14 September 2020
1616:
1353:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1058:
1019:
784:
166:Smallbore shooting is contrasted with
2183:National Rifle Association of America
2022:National Small-bore Rifle Association
2002:National Small-bore Rifle Association
1994:National Small-bore Rifle Association
1971:National Small-bore Rifle Association
1893:
1692:National Rifle Association of America
1564:
1470:
1233:
1082:
1070:
669:Olympic and other major championships
318:rifles manufactured in West Germany.
286:National Small-bore Rifle Association
200:National Rifle Association of America
2275:Walnut and Steel: Vintage .22 Rifles
2272:
1924:"Rifle Shooting: Shooting Positions"
1900:British Journal for Military History
1852:"Championships: World Championships"
1571:National Smallbore Rifle Association
1321:International Olympic Committee 2015
1197:
986:National Smallbore Rifle Association
885:National Smallbore Rifle Association
743:
448:events that had existed since 1976.
2253:Tondu Target Shooting Club (2013).
1032:Shanklin Rifle and Pistol Club 2011
675:2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics
225:Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts
79:Yes or no, depending on competition
13:
2173:Shooting Sports USA (2018-09-13).
1118:Historic Arms Research Centre 2020
905:
738:
565:Shooting § Shooting Positions
408:Shooting featured at first modern
89:Yes or no, depending on discipline
48:
16:Set of target shooting disciplines
14:
2323:
2220:"Shooting – Competition Schedule"
214:
1589:Barth, K.; Dreilich, B. (2010).
878:
291:
206:developed the first .22 calibre
189:
2200:. London: Cass. pp. 3–20.
1827:International Olympic Committee
1557:
1400:National Rifle Association 2022
1388:Tondu Target Shooting Club 2013
649:and Australia. It is named for
599:
1088:
751:50 metre rifle three positions
594:50 metre rifle three positions
211:Germany from the early 1920s.
196:a national shooting federation
1:
2175:"A Brief History of Anschutz"
912:Fenning, Christopher (2012).
155:, is a set of disciplines of
2277:. Bloomington: AuthorHouse.
2255:"Target Shooting in General"
2136:"History of Smallbore Rifle"
1957:"Smallbore Long Range Match"
1721:Emerson, William K. (2004).
1682:Crossman, Jim (2021-11-18).
992:
694:NSRA National Rifle Meeting
546:
451:
337:
7:
969:
954:. Ramsbury: Crowood Press.
10:
2328:
1953:National Rifle Association
1922:Maksimovic, Goran (2021).
1906:(1): 29–47. Archived from
1565:Baker, Alex (2021-04-06).
1106:Humphry and Fremantle 1914
845:
805:
749:
562:
530:National Rifle Association
346:
264:National Rifle Association
184:
2044:Palmer, A. Jerry (1978).
1549:Barth & Dreilich 2010
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
510:
380:International competition
324:
136:
126:
116:
111:
101:
93:
83:
75:
67:
62:
54:
40:
24:
1975:"National Rifle Meeting"
1740:Henshaw, Thomas (1993).
1592:Training Shooting Sports
1448:The Harvard Crimson 1952
1304:Shooting Sports USA 2018
935:. Brookwood Publishing.
889:National Shooting Centre
299:Edward Cathcart Crossman
153:miniature rifle shooting
149:Smallbore rifle shooting
20:Smallbore rifle shooting
2108:Rocketto, Hap (2010b).
2082:Rocketto, Hap (2010a).
1894:Jones, Spencer (2014).
1641:"About Target Shooting"
1617:Bendix, Regina (1989).
931:Fordham, Chris (2000).
887:, headquartered at the
412:in Athens in 1896. The
47:Several organizations,
2156:. 2014. Archived from
2069:. 2022. pp. 67–69
1807:Imhoof, David (2013).
950:Parish, David (1997).
638:
560:
524:
461:
405:
357:
257:Lord Frederick Roberts
232:
2312:Rifle shooting sports
976:Fullbore target rifle
846:100 yard rifle prone
636:
629:International matches
554:
518:
472:rifles, chambered in
459:
387:
222:
2160:on 10 September 2014
1744:. Winchester Press.
1621:. Bern: Peter Lang.
807:50 metre rifle prone
703:World Championships
611:Cambridge University
590:50 metre rifle prone
390:1960 Summer Olympics
2273:Ward, Bill (2014).
2179:Shooting Sports USA
2008:on 23 February 2017
1688:Shooting Sports USA
1255:, pp. 105–107.
617:, was conducted by
555:US Olympic shooter
303:Winchester Model 52
229:John Singer Sargent
223:A 1906 portrait of
128:World Championships
43:governing body
31:A shooter firing a
21:
639:
615:Harvard University
561:
538:electronic targets
525:
462:
438:Commonwealth Games
406:
368:in 1856, moved to
269:Morris aiming tube
233:
19:
2207:978-0-714-65101-9
1761:"The Morris Tube"
1602:978-1-84126-305-2
1279:, pp. 38–39.
1267:, pp. 30–31.
1236:, pp. 10–15.
1098:, in a letter to
1094:The NRA's chair,
1085:, pp. 41–42.
1073:, pp. 41–43.
916:. Crowood Press.
876:
875:
801:
790:
204:Nicholas Flaubert
146:
145:
97:Indoor or outdoor
2319:
2297:
2288:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2257:. Archived from
2249:
2247:
2245:
2240:on 1 August 2021
2239:
2233:. Archived from
2224:
2218:(25 July 2021).
2211:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2130:
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2121:
2115:. Archived from
2114:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2089:. Archived from
2088:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2062:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2028:. Archived from
2017:
2015:
2013:
2004:. Archived from
1989:
1987:
1986:
1977:. Archived from
1966:
1964:
1963:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1933:. Archived from
1928:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1890:
1871:
1869:
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1858:. Archived from
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
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1803:
1797:
1789:
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1778:
1776:
1755:
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1715:
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1701:
1699:
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1678:
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1655:
1653:
1652:
1643:. Archived from
1632:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1573:. Archived from
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
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1510:
1501:
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1074:
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1050:
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1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
988:(United Kingdom)
965:
946:
927:
792:
785:
745:
740:
688:
687:
442:Paralympic Games
402:James Enoch Hill
374:Second World War
360:
29:
22:
18:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2318:
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2187:
2185:
2163:
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2140:
2138:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2072:
2070:
2056:
2035:
2033:
2011:
2009:
1998:"Brief History"
1984:
1982:
1961:
1959:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1926:
1913:
1911:
1887:
1865:
1863:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1819:
1791:
1790:
1774:
1772:
1765:Rifleman.org.uk
1752:
1733:
1712:
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1696:
1694:
1673:
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1580:
1578:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1504:
1500:, pp. 2–3.
1496:
1492:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1424:Maksimovic 2021
1422:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1379:
1373:Paris 2024 2022
1367:
1360:
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1124:
1116:
1112:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1069:
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1057:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
999:
995:
972:
962:
949:
943:
930:
924:
911:
908:
906:Further reading
881:
791:
671:
631:
602:
567:
549:
513:
454:
394:Enrico Forcella
382:
358:Schützenvereine
349:
340:
327:
294:
237:Second Boer War
217:
192:
187:
157:shooting sports
63:Characteristics
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2325:
2315:
2314:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2270:
2250:
2212:
2206:
2193:
2170:
2146:
2131:
2105:
2079:
2050:
2041:
2024:(2014-01-24).
2018:
1990:
1967:
1949:
1919:
1891:
1885:
1872:
1850:(2009-04-09).
1844:
1823:
1817:
1804:
1781:
1756:
1750:
1737:
1731:
1718:
1702:
1679:
1656:
1633:
1627:
1614:
1601:
1586:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1513:Rocketto 2010b
1502:
1498:Rocketto 2010b
1490:
1486:Rocketto 2010b
1475:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1412:Rocketto 2010b
1404:
1392:
1377:
1358:
1356:, p. 221.
1346:
1325:
1308:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1257:
1253:Johnstone 2011
1245:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1200:, p. 147.
1187:
1175:
1171:Rocketto 2010a
1163:
1161:, p. 133.
1151:
1139:
1122:
1110:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1047:Rocketto 2010a
1036:
1024:
1012:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
983:
978:
971:
968:
967:
966:
960:
947:
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928:
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904:
893:Bisley, Surrey
880:
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861:
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839:
836:
833:
830:
828:
825:
822:
820:
815:
812:
809:
803:
802:
794:Standard rifle
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
766:
764:
761:
758:
756:
753:
747:
746:
741:
736:
733:
730:
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724:
721:
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712:
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695:
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670:
667:
666:
665:
661:
658:
654:
646:
630:
627:
601:
598:
563:Main article:
557:Matthew Emmons
548:
545:
521:Malcolm Cooper
512:
509:
474:.22 Long Rifle
453:
450:
381:
378:
348:
345:
339:
336:
326:
323:
293:
290:
281:Crystal Palace
273:.22 Long Rifle
216:
215:United Kingdom
213:
191:
188:
186:
183:
175:British Empire
161:.22 Long Rifle
144:
143:
140:
134:
133:
130:
124:
123:
120:
114:
113:
109:
108:
106:Shooting range
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
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87:
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80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
60:
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45:
38:
37:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2324:
2313:
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2309:
2307:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2284:9781491863190
2280:
2276:
2271:
2261:on 2022-08-11
2260:
2256:
2251:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
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2199:
2194:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2122:on 2021-11-14
2118:
2111:
2106:
2096:on 2022-09-27
2092:
2085:
2080:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2032:on 2023-04-01
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1981:on 2023-04-01
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1940:on 2023-04-01
1936:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1910:on 2023-04-02
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1886:9781921555800
1882:
1878:
1873:
1862:on 2023-04-01
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1818:9780472118991
1814:
1810:
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1801:
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1766:
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1757:
1753:
1751:9780832905032
1747:
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1738:
1734:
1732:9780806135755
1728:
1724:
1719:
1708:
1703:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1670:on 2023-03-24
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1647:on 2023-03-25
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1628:9783261039323
1624:
1620:
1615:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1577:on 2023-04-01
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1551:, p. 17.
1550:
1545:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1525:Rio 2016 2014
1521:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1499:
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1482:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
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1437:
1436:Crossman 2021
1432:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1382:
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1370:
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1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1291:, p. 39.
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1241:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1212:, p. 55.
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1185:, p. 76.
1184:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1159:Waterman 2009
1155:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1061:, p. 12.
1060:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1022:, p. 32.
1021:
1016:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
963:
961:9781861260192
957:
953:
948:
944:
942:9780953909100
938:
934:
929:
925:
923:9781847975065
919:
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909:
903:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
879:Organisations
872:
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858:
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769:
767:
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752:
748:
742:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
709:
706:Former names
689:
686:
684:
680:
676:
662:
659:
655:
652:
647:
644:
643:
642:
635:
626:
622:
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531:
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508:
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475:
471:
467:
458:
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430:
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423:
417:
415:
411:
410:Olympic Games
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
377:
375:
371:
367:
362:
359:
354:
353:Schützenfeste
344:
335:
333:
332:Flobert rifle
322:
319:
317:
313:
309:
304:
300:
292:United States
289:
287:
282:
276:
274:
270:
265:
260:
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254:
250:
249:Magersfontein
246:
242:
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230:
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212:
209:
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197:
190:Early history
182:
180:
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125:
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78:
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66:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
44:
39:
34:
28:
23:
2293:
2274:
2263:. Retrieved
2259:the original
2242:. Retrieved
2235:the original
2227:Olympics.com
2226:
2197:
2186:. Retrieved
2178:
2162:. Retrieved
2158:the original
2139:. Retrieved
2124:. Retrieved
2117:the original
2098:. Retrieved
2091:the original
2071:. Retrieved
2064:
2045:
2034:. Retrieved
2030:the original
2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
2001:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:the original
1960:. Retrieved
1942:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1912:. Retrieved
1908:the original
1903:
1899:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1855:
1837:. Retrieved
1808:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1764:
1741:
1722:
1711:. Retrieved
1695:. Retrieved
1687:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1663:
1649:. Retrieved
1645:the original
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:the original
1570:
1558:Bibliography
1544:
1532:
1520:
1515:, p. 5.
1493:
1488:, p. 2.
1443:
1431:
1419:
1414:, p. 7.
1407:
1395:
1349:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1229:
1217:
1210:Emerson 2004
1205:
1183:Henshaw 1993
1178:
1173:, p. 7.
1166:
1154:
1142:
1113:
1108:, pages 5–6.
1104:, quoted in
1099:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1049:, p. 4.
1027:
1015:
951:
932:
913:
902:since 1995.
900:USA Shooting
897:
882:
817:
797:
793:
786:
700:Paralympics
672:
651:Thomas Dewar
640:
623:
607:
603:
600:Competitions
583:
568:
542:
534:
526:
505:
498:
494:
490:
470:lever-action
463:
431:
427:
418:
407:
398:Peter Kohnke
363:
350:
341:
328:
320:
295:
277:
261:
234:
193:
172:
165:
152:
148:
147:
76:Team members
2164:9 September
2073:28 December
2012:23 February
1856:ISSF Sports
1775:1 September
1709:(in French)
1664:The Crimson
1354:Palmer 1978
1289:Imhoof 2013
1277:Imhoof 2013
1265:Imhoof 2013
1059:Steele 2000
1020:Bendix 1989
798:Sport rifle
714:Mixed Team
478:iron sights
466:bolt action
312:Feinwerkbau
2296:: 133–135.
2265:2023-04-02
2188:2023-04-02
2150:"Shooting"
2141:2023-04-02
2126:2023-04-01
2100:2023-04-01
2066:Paris 2024
2036:2023-04-01
1985:2023-04-01
1962:2023-04-01
1944:2023-04-01
1914:2023-04-02
1839:2023-04-02
1713:2023-04-02
1697:2023-04-02
1674:2023-03-24
1651:2023-04-01
1581:2023-04-01
1471:Baker 2021
1234:Scott 2020
1096:Lord Elcho
1083:Jones 2014
1071:Jones 2014
787:Free rifle
683:Paris 2024
679:Tokyo 2020
501:butt stock
422:Loosduinen
262:Britain's
241:Black Week
138:Paralympic
1794:cite book
1198:Ward 2014
1101:The Times
993:Footnotes
818:1912–2016
697:Olympics
579:benchrest
547:Positions
452:Equipment
446:air rifle
366:Thuringia
338:Australia
288:in 1947.
245:Stormberg
85:Mixed-sex
55:Nicknames
2306:Category
2244:1 August
2154:Rio 2016
1996:(2017).
1973:(2023).
1955:(2022).
1866:24 March
1829:(2015).
1788:. Bowes.
1769:Archived
1639:(2020).
1608:18 April
970:See also
664:nations.
619:telegram
575:kneeling
308:Anschütz
168:fullbore
112:Presence
58:Shooting
49:see list
41:Highest
800:(women)
482:Filters
347:Germany
316:Walther
253:Colenso
208:rimfire
185:History
118:Olympic
68:Contact
33:Bleiker
2281:
2204:
1883:
1815:
1748:
1729:
1625:
1599:
958:
939:
920:
729:Mixed
726:Women
720:Women
711:Mixed
691:Event
511:Ranges
325:France
2238:(PDF)
2231:TOCOG
2223:(PDF)
2120:(PDF)
2113:(PDF)
2094:(PDF)
2087:(PDF)
1938:(PDF)
1927:(PDF)
1834:(PDF)
789:(men)
571:prone
486:glare
102:Venue
2279:ISBN
2246:2021
2202:ISBN
2166:2014
2075:2022
2014:2017
1881:ISBN
1868:2019
1813:ISBN
1800:link
1777:2022
1746:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1610:2019
1597:ISBN
1240:help
956:ISBN
937:ISBN
918:ISBN
723:Men
717:Men
681:and
673:The
613:and
592:and
584:The
519:The
434:FISU
400:and
314:and
251:and
94:Type
2059:PDF
891:in
468:or
370:Ulm
227:by
181:.
142:Yes
132:Yes
122:Yes
2308::
2229:.
2225:.
2181:.
2177:.
2152:.
2063:.
2000:.
1929:.
1902:.
1898:.
1854:.
1796:}}
1792:{{
1767:.
1763:.
1690:.
1686:.
1662:.
1569:.
1505:^
1478:^
1455:^
1380:^
1371:;
1361:^
1328:^
1311:^
1296:^
1190:^
1125:^
1039:^
1000:^
895:.
852:✔
849:✔
841:✔
838:✔
835:✔
832:✔
827:✔
824:✔
814:✔
811:✔
782:✔
779:✔
776:✔
773:✔
770:✔
763:✔
760:✔
755:✔
744:JW
739:JM
735:W
732:M
573:,
404:.
396:,
392::
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