512:, standing as a Liberal Unionist. The election was held on 13 July 1886, and Brunner was defeated by 458 votes. In November 1886, Brunner embarked on a world tour, accompanied by his wife and his son Stephen. His return to Northwich on 2 July 1887 was greeted with great celebration, as he was extremely popular in the town, regarded as a kind and sympathetic employer and a generous benefactor. Within three weeks of Brunner's return, Robert Verdin died and a by-election was called. Brunner's opponent was Lord Henry Grosvenor, who was standing as a Liberal Unionist. This time, at
1696:
444:
393:, as well as the surrounding land, as part of the deal. The purchase was completed in 1873, and for a time both Mond and Brunner lived separately in the wings of the hall. The early years were extremely difficult, initially in getting the plant to work efficiently and then in selling the soda ash. It was not until 1878 that success was achieved when they outsold their competitors and were producing their products more cheaply. In 1881, the partnership was converted into a
57:
303:. Brunner's mother died in 1847, when he was aged five; his father married Nancy Inman in 1851. She had a shrewd business sense and Brunner gave credit to her for teaching him skills in practical matters. Brunner was educated at his father's school and then, at the age of 15, he decided to follow a career in
713:
to his children. From this marriage three more children, all daughters, were born. On 8 September 1890 his oldest son, John, got into difficulties whilst swimming in Lake Como, Italy. He was rescued by his younger sibling, Sidney
Herbert Brunner, who lost his life in the process. Sidney's body was
680:
Company. He subscribed £25,000 (£3.6 million in 2024) towards its construction plus a loan of £12,000 (£1.7 million in 2024) together with a personal guarantee on a bank loan of £31,000 (£4.4 million in 2024). When the building of the bridge was complete in 1905 it was due to be
523:, Brunner opposed moves to regulate safety on railways, saying during a debate on 2 August that safety should be left in the hands of "those who understand these matters best", i.e. the railway companies. But the government moved rapidly to have railway operations and safety supervised by the
455:
and became its secretary in 1872. This gave him the opportunity to come into contact with
Liberals from Liverpool and other parts of the country. Soon after moving to Northwich Brunner became more practically involved with education locally, in particular with the
625:
he purchased a disused chapel and presented it to the town to be used by the trades unions and the
Friendly Societies, and in nearby Weston village he bought a disused school and gave it to the local community to serve as its village hall. He also endowed the
484:
from the salt mines in the area. During the campaign he was heckled because he had a foreign-sounding name. He responded "My father was a Swiss, my mother was a Manx woman, I was born in
Liverpool, my nurse was Welsh: is that Cheshire enough for you?" At the
597:. When war did break out, Brunner was resolute in the opinion that it should be fought and won. In addition to the production of alkali, his factories were making other chemicals for use as explosives. He also built a new factory to purify
701:
with his father as a child. On 14 June 1864 Brunner married Salome Davies, the daughter of a
Liverpool merchant with whom he had six children. Salome died on 29 January 1874 and the following year he married Jane Wyman, the daughter of a
685:, but the king was unable to attend, and so Brunner performed the ceremony himself. By 1911 it had become apparent that the bridge would always operate at a loss, and Brunner assigned his interest in it to Widnes Corporation.
1417:
401:
for life. In 1891, Brunner became the chairman and retained that position until April 1918, 14 months before his death. However, by then his duties were being increasingly performed by his son, Roscoe.
772:
amounted to over £906,000 (£53 million in 2024). In addition, he had given generously to his five married daughters, and had transferred investments to his sons. The baronetcy passed to his eldest son,
299:, daughter of Thomas Curphey and wife Margaret Leece. His father established a school in Netherfield Road, Everton, known as St George's House, to teach children along the lines advocated by
405:
After its slow start, Brunner Mond & Company became the wealthiest
British chemical company of the late 19th century. On its merger with three other British chemical companies to form
697:
Brunner believed that his success owed much to the "courage and independence of thought" that he derived from his
Unitarian faith and recalled the influence of visits to
1967:
1897:
1892:
1872:
562:
in
January 1910, when he decided not to stand again, partly because of his own health and also because of concern for his wife's health. Subsequently, he moved to
554:, Brunner's opponent was the Conservative Colonel B. N. North who had fought in the Boer War. Brunner increased his majority to 1,792. He continued to be the
346:. Their initial capital was less than £20,000 (£2.2 million in 2024), most of which was borrowed. In April 1872 Mond had been to Belgium to meet
431:
employer and went to great lengths to improve the situation of his employees. Measures introduced by
Brunner and Mond were shorter working hours,
451:
During the years he was working at
Hutchinson's in Widnes, Brunner was developing his political interests. He joined the Widnes chapter of the
389:
which allowed for the transport of the raw materials and finished products to and from the works. Lord Stanley insisted on selling the house,
1902:
1957:
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382:
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was created and Brunner offered himself as a candidate for the Liberal Party. In his speech for the position he expressed support for the
311:
in Liverpool, but found it neither exciting nor lucrative, and so decided on a change of career. In 1861, Brunner took a clerical post at
366:
with Solvay to apportion the global markets, with Mond's company having exclusive rights to the United States and to the British Isles.
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1952:
1877:
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1937:
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The Liberal Party won more seats than any other party in the election, but insufficient to form a majority government, leaving the
873:
714:
found on 10 September and buried in Bellagio, beside the lake, the next day. In 1891 the Brunners moved from Winnington Hall to
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1947:
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in the town. He later served on its board of governors and also on the local sanitary authority. As a result of the
1887:
1705:
1346:
A History of Sir John Deane's Grammar School, Northwich, 1557-1908; with a chapter on later developments since 1908
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682:
461:
538:, who was a cotton manufacturer from Blackburn. Brunner was returned with an increased majority of 1,255. In the
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244:, in 1885–1886 and then from 1887 to 1910. He was a paternalistic employer and as a politician supported
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362:, from raw materials which were more easily obtainable, and produced fewer waste products. Mond made a
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550:, to which Brunner was opposed. He retained his seat, but with a reduced majority of 699. In the
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he argued that Britain should adopt a more sympathetic approach towards Germany, including naval
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323:
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and schoolmaster, and Margaret Catherine Curphey (d. 8 September 1847), who originated from the
643:
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holding the balance of power. It proved impossible to form a stable government, and so another
689:
stated that this action amounted to a "virtual gift of £68,000" (£8.7 million in 2024).
654:
508:
had been formed. Brunner's opponent at the 1886 election was William Henry Verdin's brother,
410:
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793:, and Shelagh Brunner (1902-1983), daughter of his younger son (Harold Roscoe Brunner), who
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1862:
673:. The following year he was honoured with the brevet rank of Past Grand Deacon of England.
520:
397:
with capital assets listed at £600,000 (£7.6 million in 2024) and the founders became
32:
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206:
131:
84:
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The Baronetage of England, Ireland, Nova Scotia,Great Britain and the United Kingdom
330:. Shortly after starting work at Hutchinson's, Brunner met the German-born chemist
1828:
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and for compensation for those whose properties had been damaged by the pumping of
432:
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to negotiate terms to manufacture alkali by the process Solvay had developed. The
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Amongst other offices held, he was Vice-President of the British Science Guild,
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In 1899 Brunner (who had by then been created a baronet) became chairman of the
613:
whose gifts included the provision of schools, guildhalls and social clubs. In
962:
958:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
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670:
524:
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was called in June 1886. In the meantime, the Liberal Party had split, and the
351:
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229:
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1738:
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was already working as technical manager. There, he rose to the position of
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In 1873 Brunner formed a partnership with Mond and together they founded
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265:
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224:, with whom he later formed a partnership to create the chemical company
221:
205:(8 February 1842 – 1 July 1919) was a British chemical industrialist and
268:, and a generous benefactor to the towns in his constituency and to the
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639:
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370:
288:, the fourth child and second son of John Brunner (b. 20 June 1800), a
253:
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566:, but continued to play a part in politics when he was elected to the
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534:, Brunner's opponent was not a Liberal Unionist, but a Conservative,
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264:, a more sympathetic stance towards Germany. Brunner was a prominent
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789:(born 1933), married since 1961 to a grandson of Britain's King
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he beat Thomas Ward, another Conservative, by 1,638 votes. The
319:
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111:
56:
1344:
Cox, Marjorie; Hopkins, L. A (supplementary chapter) (1975),
777:. His descendants include, through his elder son's daughter (
481:
413:
of over £18 million (£1.32 billion in 2024). Brunner's
1833:(of Druids Cross, Winnington Old Hall and Ennismore Gardens)
489:
on 1 December 1885 Brunner beat William Henry Verdin, his
1537:, Leigh Rayment, archived from the original on 1 May 2008
220:
he rose to the position of general manager. There he met
869:"Brunner, Sir John Tomlinson, first baronet (1842-1919)"
1645:
733:. In 1909 the University of Liverpool awarded him the
369:Brunner and Mond decided to build their factory at
1968:People associated with the University of Liverpool
1898:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
1609:
1893:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
1873:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1854:
23:British industrialist and politician (1842–1919)
1683:contributions in Parliament by Sir John Brunner
1406:, Kila: Kessinger Publishing, pp. 146ff,
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669:and in 1900 founded the John Brunner Lodge at
447:Statue of John Brunner in Winnington, Cheshire
1612:Sir John Brunner: Radical Plutocrat 1842-1919
1798:President of the National Liberal Federation
1587:A History of the Chemical Industry of Widnes
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337:
1694:
1343:
617:he provided a free library and re-endowed
180:Mabel Alicia, Hilda, Maud Mary, Ethel Jane
55:
954:inflation figures are based on data from
16:For other people named John Brunner, see
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516:, Brunner won with a majority of 1,129.
442:
279:
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874:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
197:Sir John Tomlinson Brunner, 1st Baronet
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752:and in 1906 he became a member of the
729:(from 1904) and Pro-Chancellor of the
955:
678:Runcorn and Widnes Transporter Bridge
1903:Presidents of the Liberal Party (UK)
1604:
1519:
1487:
1469:from the original on 8 November 2021
1449:
1420:from the original on 8 November 2021
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1307:
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885:from the original on 6 February 2015
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1958:19th-century English businesspeople
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570:division of Surrey County Council.
476:, for reform of property laws, for
284:John Tomlinson Brunner was born in
13:
760:. He died in 1919 at his home in
464:the parliamentary constituency of
358:more cheaply than the established
14:
1979:
1692:National Portrait Gallery, London
1670:
1403:Representative British Freemasons
801:(1901-1981) in 1925, a member of
799:Prince Ferdinand of Liechtenstein
748:of Druids Cross in the County of
661:and provided a hospital, also in
493:rival, with a majority of 1,028.
272:. He is the great grandfather of
228:, initially making alkali by the
1953:Members of Surrey County Council
1878:Deputy lieutenants of Lancashire
1816:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1706:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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462:Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
1938:British people of Swiss descent
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260:reforms and, leading up to the
1509:. 29 April 1904. p. 2770.
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756:, but he declined offers of a
176:John Fowler Leece, 2nd Baronet
1:
1943:Businesspeople from Liverpool
1688:Portraits of Sir John Brunner
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573:As a Liberal MP he supported
433:sickness and injury insurance
18:John Brunner (disambiguation)
1647:Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh
1591:Imperial Chemical Industries
898:UK public library membership
653:Abroad he gave gifts to the
514:the by-election on 13 August
407:Imperial Chemical Industries
7:
1655:. London: Burke's Peerage.
1652:Royal Families of the World
805:'s still reigning dynasty.
779:Joyce Worsley, Lady Worsley
589:reforms. Leading up to the
438:
307:. He spent four years in a
123:St. George's House, Everton
10:
1984:
1948:Politicians from Liverpool
1618:Cambridge University Press
1463:"Ancestry Library Edition"
787:Katharine, Duchess of Kent
344:Brunner Mond & Company
322:, where his older brother
190:Margaret Catherine Curphey
15:
1843:John Fowler Leece Brunner
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1585:Hardie, D. W. F. (1950),
1554:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
775:John Fowler Leece Brunner
718:, a suburb of Liverpool.
498:Irish Parliamentary Party
453:National Education League
435:, and holidays with pay.
385:. This was sited on the
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1883:English company founders
1783:Party political offices
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744:In 1895 he was made the
558:for Northwich until the
409:(ICI) in 1926, it had a
383:Lord Stanley of Alderley
338:Brunner Mond and Company
1888:English philanthropists
956:Clark, Gregory (2017).
879:Oxford University Press
731:University of Liverpool
648:University of Liverpool
609:Brunner was a generous
421:", was given to him by
270:University of Liverpool
178:, Grace, Harold Roscoe,
1634:Starkey, H.F. (1990),
867:Dick, Francis (2004),
665:. In 1885 he became a
644:Brunner Professorships
506:Liberal Unionist Party
448:
226:Brunner Mond & Co.
71:John Tomlinson Brunner
552:1906 general election
544:1900 general election
532:1892 general election
446:
411:market capitalization
364:gentlemen's agreement
280:Early life and career
1756:Member of Parliament
1719:Member of Parliament
556:Member of Parliament
546:was held during the
521:Armagh rail disaster
234:Member of Parliament
61:John Brunner in 1885
33:The Right Honourable
1440:, pp. 213–214.
1334:, pp. 273–275.
1322:, pp. 215–289.
1298:, pp. 207–208.
1274:, pp. 186–189.
1250:, pp. 172–174.
274:the Duchess of Kent
1963:People from Widnes
1506:The London Gazette
1034:, pp. 30–31..
1022:, pp. 27–29..
952:Retail Price Index
725:for the County of
636:physical chemistry
449:
399:managing directors
286:Everton, Liverpool
85:Everton, Liverpool
1849:
1848:
1840:Succeeded by
1805:Succeeded by
1773:Succeeded by
1736:Succeeded by
1202:, pp. 89–95.
1178:, pp. 80–81.
1166:, pp. 68–69.
1154:, pp. 67–68.
1130:, pp. 54–55.
1118:, pp. 49–50.
1082:, pp. 17–18.
1070:, pp. 35–45.
1058:, pp. 46–47.
1046:, pp. 33–34.
914:, pp. 11–13.
896:(subscription or
803:that principality
723:Deputy Lieutenant
474:Church of England
381:on land owned by
194:
193:
1975:
1933:UK MPs 1906–1910
1928:UK MPs 1900–1906
1923:UK MPs 1895–1900
1918:UK MPs 1892–1895
1913:UK MPs 1886–1892
1908:UK MPs 1885–1886
1788:Preceded by
1746:Preceded by
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591:First World War
575:Irish Home Rule
536:George Whiteley
519:After the 1889
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395:limited company
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1442:
1430:
1412:
1387:
1385:, p. 189.
1375:
1373:, p. 217.
1360:
1354:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1310:, p. 210.
1300:
1288:
1286:, p. 202.
1276:
1264:
1262:, p. 178.
1252:
1240:
1238:, p. 107.
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1024:
1012:
1000:
988:
976:
963:MeasuringWorth
928:
916:
904:
842:
830:
817:
810:
807:
795:morganatically
739:Doctor of Laws
694:
691:
606:
603:
525:Board of Trade
458:British School
440:
437:
352:Solvay process
339:
336:
309:shipping house
281:
278:
230:Solvay process
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
173:
169:
168:
166:
165:
162:
158:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
106:
104:(aged 77)
94:
90:
89:
83:
70:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
40:
37:
31:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1980:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
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1851:
1844:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1791:William Angus
1786:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1749:Robert Verdin
1744:
1740:
1739:Robert Verdin
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1662:0-85011-023-8
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1627:0-521-07906-3
1623:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1490:, p. 33.
1489:
1484:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1419:
1415:
1413:0-7661-3589-6
1409:
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1404:
1400:Anon (2003),
1396:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1357:
1355:0-7190-1282-1
1351:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1226:, p. 98.
1225:
1220:
1214:, p. 97.
1213:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1190:, p. 85.
1189:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1142:, p. 38.
1141:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1106:, p. 49.
1105:
1100:
1094:, p. 47.
1093:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1010:, p. 25.
1009:
1004:
998:, p. 24.
997:
992:
986:, p. 23.
985:
980:
965:
964:
959:
953:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
926:, p. 227
925:
920:
913:
908:
899:
884:
880:
876:
875:
870:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
839:
834:
827:
822:
818:
816:
815:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
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754:privy council
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
712:
708:
705:
700:
693:Personal life
690:
688:
684:
679:
674:
672:
671:Over Winsford
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
620:
616:
612:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:1895 election
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
445:
436:
434:
430:
429:paternalistic
426:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:Ernest Solvay
345:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:
208:
207:Liberal Party
203:
198:
188:John Brunner
187:
183:
177:
174:
170:
163:
161:Salome Davies
160:
159:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
135:industrialist
133:
130:
128:Occupation(s)
126:
122:
118:
113:
109:
95:
91:
86:
69:
65:
58:
53:
48:
44:
34:
29:
26:
19:
1850:
1837:1895 – 1919
1834:
1827:
1823:New creation
1822:
1796:
1754:
1717:
1712:
1676:
1650:
1635:
1611:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1539:, retrieved
1533:
1527:
1515:
1504:
1495:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1457:
1452:, p. 7.
1445:
1438:Starkey 1990
1433:
1422:, retrieved
1402:
1383:Starkey 1990
1378:
1371:Starkey 1990
1345:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
979:
967:. Retrieved
961:
919:
907:
889:14 September
887:, retrieved
872:
833:
821:
813:
812:
782:
743:
720:
696:
686:
675:
655:Landesmuseum
652:
608:
605:Benefactions
579:trade unions
572:
529:
518:
495:
491:Conservative
450:
422:
417:, "Chemical
404:
387:River Weaver
368:
341:
313:Hutchinson's
283:
250:trade unions
211:Hutchinson's
196:
195:
38:John Brunner
25:
1868:1919 deaths
1863:1842 births
1808:George Lunn
1681:1803–2005:
1636:Old Runcorn
1569:Massingberd
1501:"No. 27671"
1473:4 September
1424:15 November
924:Hardie 1950
663:Switzerland
595:disarmament
427:. He was a
332:Ludwig Mond
297:Isle of Man
222:Ludwig Mond
96:1 July 1919
1857:Categories
1802:1911–1918
1616:, London:
809:References
785:Brunner),
750:Lancashire
727:Lancashire
683:Edward VII
681:opened by
640:Egyptology
611:benefactor
583:free trade
371:Winnington
301:Pestalozzi
254:free trade
164:Jane Wyman
139:politician
78:1842-02-08
1760:Northwich
1723:Northwich
1541:2 October
1520:Koss 1970
1488:Koss 1970
1450:Koss 1970
1332:Koss 1970
1320:Koss 1970
1308:Koss 1970
1296:Koss 1970
1284:Koss 1970
1272:Koss 1970
1260:Koss 1970
1248:Koss 1970
1236:Koss 1970
1224:Koss 1970
1212:Koss 1970
1200:Koss 1970
1188:Koss 1970
1176:Koss 1970
1164:Koss 1970
1152:Koss 1970
1140:Koss 1970
1128:Koss 1970
1116:Koss 1970
1104:Koss 1970
1092:Koss 1970
1080:Koss 1970
1068:Koss 1970
1056:Koss 1970
1044:Koss 1970
1032:Koss 1970
1020:Koss 1970
1008:Koss 1970
996:Koss 1970
984:Koss 1970
912:Koss 1970
900:required)
838:Koss 1970
826:Koss 1970
814:Citations
716:Wavertree
711:governess
707:physician
704:Kettering
687:The Times
667:Freemason
646:) at the
632:economics
615:Northwich
466:Northwich
424:The Times
415:sobriquet
375:Northwich
354:produced
318:works in
293:Unitarian
266:Freemason
238:Northwich
216:works in
185:Parent(s)
120:Education
114:, England
87:, England
1649:(1977).
1608:(1970),
1550:citation
1467:Archived
1418:archived
883:archived
797:married
791:George V
762:Chertsey
709:and the
568:Chertsey
548:Boer War
439:Politics
379:Cheshire
356:soda ash
305:commerce
242:Cheshire
172:Children
132:Chemical
108:Chertsey
1829:Baronet
1690:at the
1678:Hansard
1599:7503517
1578:Sources
768:. His
758:peerage
746:Baronet
623:Runcorn
587:welfare
530:At the
472:of the
419:Croesus
373:, near
258:welfare
232:. As a
155:Spouses
149:Baronet
100:1919-08
98: (
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1597:
1410:
1352:
770:estate
766:Surrey
659:Zürich
628:chairs
564:Surrey
510:Robert
320:Widnes
316:alkali
218:Widnes
214:alkali
112:Surrey
969:7 May
642:(the
621:. In
482:brine
324:Henry
290:Swiss
145:Title
45:
1769:1910
1765:1887
1758:for
1732:1886
1728:1885
1721:for
1657:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1595:OCLC
1556:link
1543:2007
1475:2020
1426:2016
1408:ISBN
1350:ISBN
971:2024
891:2013
638:and
585:and
93:Died
67:Born
950:UK
783:née
737:of
657:in
630:of
35:Sir
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102:)
80:)
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