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1303:, and it was widely believed that it would not survive until the next general election. He had previously had little regard for Lloyd George, but the opportunity of working closely with the "Welsh Wizard" gave Chamberlain a new insight into his nominal superior in the government (by now, the Conservative Party was by far the largest partner in the government).
1706:(1997–2001), he was the only Conservative leader of the twentieth century not to become prime minister. Although this is sometimes attributed to character defects, Dutton argues that he was a major figure in his own right, who only narrowly missed becoming prime minister in 1922 or 1923. Dutton quotes with approval
1693:
David Dutton comments that early assessments of
Chamberlain's career compared him unfavourably with his father, who overshadowed his early career, and his brother, who overshadowed his later decades. In his forties, when he was ready to carve out his own identity, he had to act as a surrogate for his
1115:
elections, Balfour was forced from his position as party leader in
November 1911. Chamberlain was one of the leading candidates to succeed as Conservative leader even though he was still technically a member of the Liberal Unionist wing of the coalition (the two parties merged formally only in 1912).
935:
for twelve months, to imbibe the political culture of the other great
European power, Germany. Though in his letters home to Beatrice and Neville, he showed an obvious preference for France and the lifestyle he had left behind there, Chamberlain undertook to learn German and learn from his experience
1713:
Chamberlain could speak effectively, but was never a stirring orator. For most of his career he was renowned for rectitude and civic duty. Before the war
Chamberlain had been a somewhat reluctant radical, but after 1918 he became more conservative, concerned at the new threat of socialism, and whose
1718:
but was one of the last MPs to wear a top hat inside the
Commons Chamber – made him appear a relic from a previous generation. Dutton suggests that his "exaggerated sense of his own importance and dignity which compounded an already stiff and unbending personal demeanour", came from having to serve
1690:
hardness without which men seldom reach supreme political power". Blake comments that he often missed his chances because he could be persuaded to back off by the suggestion that he was acting for self-seeking reasons, hence
Churchill's quip that "he always played the game, and he always lost it".
1689:
wrote that Austen
Chamberlain "for all his talents was only a thin echo of his formidable father, a mere shadow of that extraordinary figure ... Austen Chamberlain was altogether kinder than his father, more likeable, more honourable, more high-minded and less effective ... he lacked that ultimate
1318:
19 October 1922, of
Conservative MPs, a motion was passed there for fighting the forthcoming election as an independent party. Chamberlain resigned the party leadership rather than act against what he believed to be his duty. He was succeeded by Law, whose views and intentions he had predicted the
1240:
After Lloyd George's Paris speech (12 November 1917) at which he said that "when he saw the appalling casualty lists he wish(ed) it had not been necessary to win so many ("victories")" there was talk of
Chamberlain withdrawing support from the government. Lloyd George survived by claiming that the
1306:
It was an unfortunate change of allegiance for
Chamberlain, for by late 1921, the Conservative backbenchers were growing more and more restless for an end to the coalition and a return to single-party (Conservative) government. Conservatives in the House of Lords began, in public, to oppose the
1138:
After a short period of internal party campaigning, Chamberlain determined to withdraw from the contest for the good of the still-divided party. He succeeded in persuading Long to withdraw with him in favour of Law, who was subsequently chosen by unanimous vote as a compromise candidate.
1011:
does not seem to have dampened the enthusiasm of the Prime Minister, who responded by publicly congratulating both Austen and his father, Joseph, on such an excellent performance. That was highly significant, given the bad blood existing between Joseph Chamberlain and his former leader.
869:
who would become an educationalist. Harriet died giving birth to Austen, leaving his father so shaken that for almost 25 years he maintained a distance from his first-born son. In 1868, his father married Harriet's cousin, Florence, and had further children, the oldest of whom,
1541:. Many of the officers at the time state that the mutiny at Invergordon was a direct result of the action of the Admiralty under Chamberlain's leadership who accepted the cuts in pay for the crews as a result of the Government's need to reduce expenditure. The First Sea Lord
1629:
is sitting on the government benches while London is being bombed, do you think he will hold the language he held today? If he does he will be one of the first victims of the war, for he will be strung up by an angry and justifiably angry populace to the nearest lamp
1098:
After his father's stroke and enforced retirement from active politics a few months later, Austen became the effective leader of the tariff reform campaign within the Unionist Party, and thus, he was a contender for the eventual leadership of the party itself.
1134:
Given their standing in the party, only Chamberlain and Long had a realistic chance of success and though Balfour had intended Chamberlain to succeed him, it became clear from an early canvass of the sitting MPs that Long would be elected by a slender margin.
1142:
Chamberlain's action, while it prevented him from attaining the party leadership and, arguably, the premiership, did a great deal to maintain unity within the Conservative and Liberal Unionist parties at a time of great uncertainty and strain.
1651:
Though he never again served in a government, he survived in good health until March 1937, dying just ten weeks before his younger half-brother, Neville, became the first and only member of the Chamberlain dynasty to become prime minister.
1642:
to remonstrate with him about his government's delay in rearming the British defence forces. More respected than Churchill, Chamberlain became something of an icon to young Conservatives, as the last survivor of Victorian high politics.
1359:. Baldwin offered Chamberlain the post of Lord Privy Seal, but Chamberlain insisted other former ministers from the Coalition to be included as well; Baldwin refused. However, Chamberlain returned to government when Baldwin formed his
1038:
Appointed a junior Whip of the Liberal Unionists after the general election, Austen's main role was to act as his father's "standard bearer" in matters of policy. Following the Conservative and Unionist landslide win in the
1874:
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Over the next six years as a senior backbencher, he gave strong support to the National Government on domestic issues but was critical on its foreign policy. In 1935, the government faced a parliamentary rebellion over the
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evening before the vote at a private meeting. Law formed a government shortly thereafter, but Chamberlain was not given a post, but it seems that he would not have accepted a position even if he had been offered one.
1078:
and Balfour's more cautious advocacy of protectionism. While Austen supported his father's programme, his influence within the cabinet was diminished following the departure of the senior Chamberlain to the
1275:, Chamberlain was again appointed to the position of Chancellor of the Exchequer in January 1919 and immediately faced the huge task of restoring Britain's finances after four years of wartime expenditure.
1662:
His estate was valued at probate at £45,044, a relatively modest sum for such a famous public figure. Much of his father's fortune had been lost in a failed attempt by his younger brother Neville to grow
1423:'s western borders. Besides promoting Franco-German reconciliation, Chamberlain's main motive was to create a situation in which Germany could pursue territorial revisionism in Eastern Europe peacefully.
1283:
Citing ill health, Law retired from the leadership of the Conservative branch of the Lloyd George government in the spring of 1921. His seniority and the general dislike of Curzon, his counterpart in the
1617:
We believe in a League system in which the whole world would be ranged against an aggressor. If it is shown that someone is proposing to break the peace, let us bring the whole world opinion against her.
1307:
coalition, disregarding calls for support from Chamberlain. In the country at large, Conservative candidates began to oppose the coalition at by-elections, and discontent spread to the House of Commons.
1448:
would have no Great Power ally to protect them and would be forced to adjust to German demands. Chamberlain believed that they would peacefully hand over the territories claimed by Germany such as the
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in 1903. Austen's appointment was largely a compromise solution to the bitter division of the two Unionist heavyweights, which threatened to split the coalition between supporters of Chamberlain's
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1178:. Chamberlain was resolutely opposed to the dissolution of the Union with Ireland. To the strain then was added the death of his father in July 1914, only a few days after the assassination of
6549:
2506:– argues that Crewe gave Chamberlain key ideas about French security and disarmament policy, the implementation of the Geneva Protocol, the Treaty of Locarno, and the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
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It would seem that from an early age his father had intended for politics to be Austen's future path, and with that in mind, he was sent first to France, where he studied at the
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It is as Foreign Secretary that Chamberlain's place in history was finally assured. In a difficult period in international relations, Chamberlain faced not only a split in the
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After the second resignation of Law in May 1923 (Law died from throat cancer later that year), Chamberlain was passed over again for the leadership of the party in favour of
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for Ireland. The issue that had prompted his father to leave the Liberal Party in the 1880s now threatened to spill over into outright civil war, with the government of
988:, Chamberlain was returned unopposed on 30 March, and at the first sitting of the new session, he walked up the floor of the house flanked by his father and his uncle,
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succeeded Asquith as prime minister in late 1916, but following inquiries into the failure of the Mesopotamian campaign (undertaken by the separately-administered
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Austen returned to England in 1888, lured largely by the prize of a parliamentary constituency. He was first elected to parliament as a member of his father's own
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1742:. The house was sold in 1929. R.C.G. Foster said, "He kept himself quite aloof from the village and was not popular with his neighbours". He had an interest in
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1710:'s verdict written just after Chamberlain's death: 'He just missed greatness and the highest position, but his was a fine life of honourable public service'.
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and announced modest rearmament. Although Baldwin would forever be condemned for his failure to rearm sufficiently, the Labour Party opposed the White Paper.
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opposition and the threat of an internal party split, Balfour eventually took the Unionists into opposition in December 1905, and in the ensuing rout in the
1237:, Chamberlain resigned his post in 1917; as the minister ultimately responsible, the fault lay with him. He was widely acclaimed for such a principled act.
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Despite the importance to history of other pressing issues, his reputation chiefly rests on his part in the negotiations over what came to be known as the
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that August, Chamberlain was unable to make his maiden speech until April 1893, but, when delivered, it was acclaimed by the four-time prime minister
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Alexander, M.S.; Philpott, W.J. (1998). "The Entente Cordiale and the Next War: Anglo-French Views on Future Military Cooperation, 1928 –1939".
1563:; his opposition to the vote of censure is widely believed to have been instrumental in saving the government from defeat on the floor of the House.
790:, once again serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He then served as Conservative Party leader in the Commons (1921–2), before resigning after the
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McKercher, Brian J. C. "A Sane and Sensible Diplomacy: Austen Chamberlain, Japan, and The Naval Balance of Power in the Pacific Ocean, 1924–29."
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of 1925. Seeking to maintain the postwar status quo in the West, Chamberlain responded favourably to the approaches of German Foreign Minister
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McKercher, B. J. C. "Austen Chamberlain and the continental balance of power: Strategy, stability, and the league of nations, 1924–29."
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In 1906, Chamberlain married Ivy Muriel Dundas (died 1941), daughter of Colonel Henry Dundas. She was created a Dame Grand Cross of the
901:. Chamberlain made his first political address in 1884 at a meeting of the university's Political Society and was vice-president of the
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was purely to "coordinate" policy, not to overrule the British generals, who still enjoyed a good deal of support from Conservatives.
751:. After his father's disabling stroke in 1906, Austen became the leading tariff reformer in the House of Commons. Late in 1911 he and
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disabled father, whom he resembled in appearance (although he was softer and less wiry, both in face and body) and dress (wearing a
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1460:. Promoting territorial revisionism in Eastern Europe in Germany's favour was one of Chamberlain's principal reasons for Locarno.
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of 1895–1905, remaining in the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1903–05) after his father resigned in 1903 to campaign for
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After his less satisfactory engagement in issues in the Far East and Egypt and the resignation of Baldwin's government after the
1479:) to settle all differences between the nations by arbitration, not war. For his services, Chamberlain was not only awarded the
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833:'s appeals for rearmament against the German threat in the 1930s and remained an active backbench MP until his death in 1937.
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1334:(1997–2001), Austen had been the only Conservative overall leader in the history of the party not to become prime minister.
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1296:; it seemed that after ten years of waiting, Austen would again be given the opportunity of succeeding to the premiership.
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Pressure from the Conservative opposition, in part led by Chamberlain, eventually resulted in the formation of the wartime
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951:, Austen developed a suspicion of the growing nationalism in Germany based upon his experience of the lecturing style of
1826:"Chamberlain, Beatrice Mary (1862–1918), educationist and political organizer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
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between the wars. Once France had abandoned its allies in Eastern Europe as the price of better relations with Germany,
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The Lloyd George coalition was beginning to falter, following numerous scandals and the unsuccessful conclusion of the
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was ill at the time of the incident and Chamberlain had proceeded without receiving the advice of the First Sea Lord.
959:
chauvinism", the consequences of which he was later to ponder during the First World War and the crises of the 1930s.
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and developed a lasting admiration for the French people and culture. For nine months, he was shown the brilliance of
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Turner, Arthur. "Austen Chamberlain, The Times and the Question of Revision of the Treaty of Versailles in 1933."
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Chamberlain was again briefly considered in 1935 for the post of Foreign Secretary but was passed over once the
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politics at the end of the 19th century. His father and mother, the former Harriet Kenrick had a baby daughter
752:
181:
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The Austen Chamberlain Diary Letters: The Correspondence of Sir Austen Chamberlain with his Sisters Hilda and
2348:
1754:
A collection of archival material related to Austen Chamberlain can be found at the Cadbury Research Library,
1621:
Afterwards Austen Chamberlain fully supported Baldwin and severely criticised Attlee's speech with the words:
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1972:
Woodward, David R, "Field Marshal Sir William Robertson", Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger, 1998,
1926:
Woodward, David R, "Field Marshal Sir William Robertson", Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger, 1998,
1655:
Chamberlain died at the age of 73 in his London home, 24 Egerton Terrace, on 16 March 1937. He is buried in
1055:
retired as prime minister in July 1902, and the following month Chamberlain was promoted to the position of
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was over for being too old for the job. Instead, his advice was sought as to the suitability of his former
1506:, which theoretically outlawed war as an instrument of policy. Chamberlain also said that Italian dictator
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1288:, helped Chamberlain to both succeed Law as Leader of the House of Commons and take over in the office of
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as "one of the best speeches which has been made". That Chamberlain was speaking against Gladstone's own
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Zametica, Jovan. "Sir Austen Chamberlain and the Italo-Yugoslav crisis over Albania February–May 1927."
1944:
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to increase British prestige in the region, thus discouraging a German-inspired Muslim revolt in India.
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Grayson, Richard. "Austen Chamberlain and the Commitment to Europe: British Foreign Policy, 1924–1929"
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Brought up to be the political heir of his father, whom he physically resembled, he was elected to
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in the early 1890s, and unlike Neville, he never went into business to make money for himself.
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1598:, the most prominent voice calling for British rearmament in the face of a growing threat from
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Choose Your Weapons: The British Foreign Secretary; 200 Years of Argument, Success and Failure
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Austen was dominated by his elder sister and was therefore sent away to be educated first at
801:. By now regarded as an elder statesman, he served an important term as Foreign Secretary in
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are the only four Conservative leaders not to lead the party into a general election. Until
944:, an experience that was to hold a special place in his heart for the duration of his life.
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1758:. A separate collection of letters relating to Austen Chamberlain can also be found there.
1734:
During the 1920s, the Chamberlains lived at a house called Twytt's Ghyll in Fir Toll Road,
1634:
In addition to speaking eloquently in Parliament on the matter, he was the chairman of two
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from 1924 to 1929. Chamberlain was largely allowed a free hand by the easy-going Baldwin.
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Bell, Christopher M. (2005). "The Royal Navy and the Lessons of the Invergordon Mutiny".
1625:
If war breaks out, and we become involved in a struggle and if the Honourable Member for
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1487:. He was the first ordinary Knight Companion of the Garter since Elizabethan times (Sir
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In the wake of the struggle between his father and Balfour, Austen Chamberlain became
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2475:"Sir Austen Chamberlain, the Marquess of Crewe and Anglo-French Relations, 1924–1928"
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2015:
1973:
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1731:(GBE) in 1925. The couple had two sons, Joseph and Lawrence, and a daughter, Diane.
1674:
His personal and political papers are housed in the Cadbury Research Library at the
1522:, Chamberlain resigned his position as Foreign Secretary and went into retirement.
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were due to compete for the leadership of the Conservative Party (in succession to
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1996:
The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered: A.J.P. Taylor and the Historians
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in October 1925 and signed a mutual agreement (together with representatives from
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2400:
The Unknown Prime Minister: The Life and Times of Andrew Bonar Law, 1858–1923
2068:
1703:
1476:
1331:
1194:
Imperial War Cabinet (1917) Austen is in the second row, fourth from the left
1171:
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937:
767:
748:
389:
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2558:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
2467:
2448:
Dutton, David. "Sir Austen Chamberlain and British Foreign Policy 1931–37."
1310:
In the autumn of 1922, Chamberlain faced a backbench revolt, largely led by
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Chamberlain's understanding was that if Franco-German relations improved,
1400:
980:. Owing to the prominence of his father and the alliance between the anti-
9105:
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1091:, Austen found himself one of the few surviving Liberal Unionists in the
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1063:, who also designated this a cabinet position, and appointed him to the
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but soon retired later that year after his actions in regards to the
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760:
315:
216:
1638:
parliamentary delegations in late 1936 that met with Prime Minister
6154:
5318:
2512:"Austen Chamberlain and Britain's Relations with France, 1924–1929"
2276:
Cornish, Tim (January 2012). "Nobel Peace Prize for Mayfield Man".
1746:. At his death, his estate was valued for probate at £45,044 18/1.
1388:, which threatened to dilute British sovereignty over the issue of
1107:
With the Unionists in disarray after electoral defeats at both the
4212:
2650:
1695:
1472:
1468:
1233:) in 1915, including the loss of the British garrison during the
956:
940:. Among others, Austen met and dined with the "Iron Chancellor",
3757:
1719:
under men – Law and Baldwin – whom he regarded as his juniors.
1699:
932:
797:
Like many leading coalitionists, he did not hold office in the
584:
2622:
The Life and Letters of the Right Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain
2455:
Edwards, Peter. "The Austen Chamberlain-Mussolini Meetings."
1664:
1166:, Chamberlain was concerned with one issue above all others:
913:
854:
1248:
Later, he returned to government and became a member of the
2588:
Tomes, Jason H. "Austen Chamberlain and the Kellogg Pact."
889:. While at Trinity College, he became a lifelong friend of
3965:
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
2253:
2251:
1605:
However, in 1935, Stanley Baldwin's government produced a
1314:, designed to oust Lloyd George, and when he summoned the
5658:
3003:
George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston
2835:
Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry
1467:
of France, Chamberlain and Stresemann met at the town of
778:, but resigned to take responsibility for the disastrous
430:
Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry
2248:
1182:, which began the train of events that led to the war.
885:"to release him from her thrall", before passing on to
9232:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
3153:
1525:
Chamberlain briefly returned to government in 1931 as
9277:
Liberal Unionist Party MPs for English constituencies
9272:
Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
2292:"D J Dutton, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
1892:"Mr Balfour's Ministry – full list of appointments".
6371:
European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance
5889:
Organisations associated with the Conservative Party
4291:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
2206:
1998:
edited by Gordon Martel (Routledge: 1999) pp. 48–49.
1502:
Chamberlain also secured Britain's accession to the
8018:
4694:
2576:
2269:
2011:
Guernica: The Biography of a Twentieth-century Icon
2007:
1896:. No. 36842. London. 9 August 1902. p. 5.
9287:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
9222:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
2673:"Archival material relating to Austen Chamberlain"
2417:
1824:
763:rather than risk a party split on a close result.
6060:Conservative National Property Advisory Committee
4339:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
2656:contributions in Parliament by Austen Chamberlain
2376:
1990:
1988:
1986:
9202:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
9178:
8579:
6517:
743:at a by-election in 1892. He held office in the
704:(16 October 1863 – 16 March 1937) was a British
2119:
1047:, holding that post until 1900, when he became
4473:
2545:
2419:"Chamberlain, Sir (Joseph) Austen (1863–1937)"
2370:
1983:
1510:was "a man with whom business could be done".
829:in 1931. He was one of the few MPs supporting
8565:
8004:
7419:
6503:
4680:
4459:
3929:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
3662:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
3139:
2546:Locker-Lampson, Oliver Stillingfleet (1922).
1202:, in 1915. Chamberlain joined the cabinet as
5870:
2428:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2213:. University of Chicago Press. p. 252.
2210:Britain in Transition: The Twentieth Century
1994:Stephen Schuker, "The End of Versailles" in
1835:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1793:"History of Sir Austen Chamberlain – GOV.UK"
1351:With Stresemann (left) and Briand at Locarno
849:, then a rising industrialist and political
6414:European Conservatives and Reformists Group
6354:European Conservatives and Reformists Party
6070:Conservative Science & Technology Forum
2619:
1292:. He was succeeded at the Exchequer by Sir
897:and, after 1909, a prominent member of the
8572:
8558:
8011:
7997:
7426:
7412:
6510:
6496:
6095:Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists
4687:
4673:
4466:
4452:
3146:
3132:
3057:Bolton Eyres-Monsell, 1st Viscount Monsell
2681:
2664:
1574:, now Minister for the League of Nations,
378:Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe
54:
9377:Postmasters general of the United Kingdom
7442:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom
5810:Directly elected city mayoral authorities
4217:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2468:https://doi.org/10.1080/09592290600943304
2409:Austen Chamberlain: Gentleman in Politics
2014:. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p. 92.
1873:
1586:From 1934 to 1937, Chamberlain was, with
1162:In the last years before the outbreak of
1119:Chamberlain was opposed by Canadian-born
920:, and he met and dined with the likes of
794:voted to end the Lloyd George Coalition.
712:and older half-brother of Prime Minister
248:9 October 1903 – 4 December 1905
83:24 August 1931 – 5 November 1931
9227:Chancellors of the University of Reading
7393:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
5491:
4748:History of conservatism in Great Britain
3732:International Committee of the Red Cross
3564:International Committee of the Red Cross
3521:Nansen International Office for Refugees
3327:International Committee of the Red Cross
2994:Leader of the British Conservative Party
2638:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1906:
1875:"Chamberlain, Joseph Austen (CHMN882JA)"
1483:but also made a Knight Companion of the
1399:
1346:
1189:
1150:
1019:
813:(1925), aimed at preventing war between
409:11 August 1902 – 9 October 1903
5448:Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party
4081:International Campaign to Ban Landmines
3106:Chancellor of the University of Reading
2509:
2472:
2425:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2275:
2266:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1832:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1714:dress – he not only wore a monocle and
1581:
1384:but also the controversy over the 1924
1102:
967:
857:of Birmingham and a dominant figure in
295:10 January 1919 – 1 April 1921
194:1 April 1921 – 23 October 1922
14:
9267:Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)
9179:
7449:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
6115:Conservatives for International Travel
5967:Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation
2415:
2406:
2081:
2075:
138:3 November 1924 – 4 June 1929
8553:
7992:
7965:Category:British Secretaries of State
7407:
6491:
6331:
6263:
6090:Conservative Women National Committee
5869:
5677:
5490:
4853:
4708:
4668:
4447:
3127:
2397:
2124:. Woodland Publications. p. 288.
1822:
1367:, serving in the important office of
1059:by the new premier, the Conservative
845:, the second child and eldest son of
466:14 July 1914 – 16 March 1937
9302:Rectors of the University of Glasgow
9257:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
9197:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
7919:Commonwealth and Development Affairs
2629:
2046:
2040:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1497:871st Knight Companion of the Garter
1491:) to die without having been made a
1407:portrait by Georges Chevalier, 1930.
1337:
1206:. Like other politicians, including
1155:Sir Austen Chamberlain, 1908–12, by
910:Paris Institute of Political Studies
513:30 March 1892 – 7 July 1914
6332:
6002:Conservative Friends of the Chinese
5706:Treasurer of the Conservative Party
5678:
3079:Rector of the University of Glasgow
3072:F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead
2815:Financial Secretary to the Treasury
1180:Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
1049:Financial Secretary to the Treasury
1015:
348:25 May 1915 – 17 July 1917
24:
6438:Ulster Conservatives and Unionists
5977:Conservative Co-operative Movement
5701:Conservative Campaign Headquarters
4317:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
4183:International Atomic Energy Agency
3596:American Friends Service Committee
2969:Conservative Leader in the Commons
2613:
2549:"Chamberlain, Joseph Austen"
2379:Intelligence and National Security
2304:from the original on 25 April 2016
2278:Mayfield and Five Ashes Newsletter
1185:
1146:
825:. Chamberlain last held office as
799:Conservative governments of 1922–4
766:Chamberlain returned to office in
759:), but both withdrew in favour of
25:
9398:
9382:People from Mayfield, East Sussex
9212:Burials at East Finchley Cemetery
6105:Conservatives Against Fox Hunting
6035:Conservative Humanist Association
6020:Conservative Friends of Palestine
6006:Conservative Friends of Gibraltar
5972:Conservative Christian Fellowship
5926:Association of Conservative Clubs
5906:Conservative Women's Organisation
4743:History of the Conservative Party
3798:International Labour Organization
2643:
2620:Petrie, Sir Charles (1939–1940).
1945:"Chamberlain out of India Office"
1847:from the original on 20 June 2019
1811:
976:in 1892, sitting for the seat of
782:. He again returned to office in
8668:
8605:William Juxon, Bishop of Lincoln
7971:
7960:
7959:
7794:
7435:
6472:
6462:
6065:Conservative Rural Affairs Group
5849:Conservative Party Review (2016)
5752:Conservative Chief Whip's Office
5731:National Conservative Convention
5715:Conservative Research Department
2693:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2584:. London: Lovat Dickson Limited.
2402:. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
1799:from the original on 16 May 2015
1722:
1436:, the French alliance system in
1322:Austen and Neville Chamberlain,
682:
9297:People educated at Rugby School
8020:Leaders of the House of Commons
7917:Secretary of State for Foreign,
6315:Society of Conservative Lawyers
6264:
5997:Conservative Friends of America
4697:Conservative and Unionist Party
3997:Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)
3210:Institut de Droit International
2416:Dutton, D. J. (January 2011) .
2341:
2316:
2284:
2260:
2239:
2227:from the original on 4 May 2016
2200:
2164:
2128:
2113:
2100:
2082:Ereira, Alan (5 October 2015).
2028:from the original on 8 May 2016
2001:
1916:. 12 August 1902. p. 5174.
1572:Parliamentary Private Secretary
1395:
962:
931:From Paris, Austen was sent to
878:in the year of Austen's death.
841:Austen Chamberlain was born in
821:, for which he was awarded the
618:
9207:Secretaries of State for India
7804:Secretary of State for Foreign
6055:Conservative Education Society
6025:Conservative Friends of Turkey
6015:Conservative Friends of Israel
5982:Conservative Countryside Forum
5786:Northern Ireland Conservatives
4854:
2473:Johnson, Gaynor (March 2011).
2120:Holroyd-Doveton, John (2013).
1966:
1937:
1920:
1900:
1885:
1867:
1785:
1681:
1553:
1513:
1342:
1174:committed to the passage of a
745:Unionist coalition governments
182:Leader of the House of Commons
27:British politician (1863–1937)
13:
1:
6401:European People's Party Group
6010:Conservative Friends of India
5987:Conservative Disability Group
5770:Conservative Party Conference
3736:League of Red Cross Societies
3262:Paul Estournelles de Constant
2630:Self, Robert C., ed. (1995).
2207:Alfred F. Havighurst (1985).
1778:
1548:
1278:
1267:Following the victory of the
836:
809:(1924–29). He negotiated the
697:Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain
9252:First Lords of the Admiralty
8581:First Lords of the Admiralty
6519:Chancellors of the Exchequer
6426:Movement for European Reform
6360:International Democrat Union
6145:Margaret Thatcher Foundation
6080:Conservative Transport Group
6075:Conservative Trade Unionists
2896:Secretary of State for India
2494:10.1080/13619462.2011.546100
2482:Contemporary British History
2442:UK public library membership
2008:Gijs Van Hensbergen (2005).
1861:UK public library membership
1430:would gradually abandon the
1241:aim of the new inter-Allied
1221:Chamberlain remained at the
1214:, Chamberlain supported the
1204:Secretary of State for India
1043:, Chamberlain was appointed
776:Secretary of State for India
336:Secretary of State for India
7:
9292:Nobel Peace Prize laureates
9056:The Viscount Lee of Fareham
8062:Vacant (caretaker ministry)
6432:Alliance for an Open Europe
6408:European Conservative Group
5992:Conservative European Forum
4798:General election manifestos
4709:
3047:First Lord of the Admiralty
2923:Chancellor of the Exchequer
2869:Chancellor of the Exchequer
2788:Civil Lord of the Admiralty
2624:. London: Cassell & Co.
2571:Canadian Journal of History
2552:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).
2464:Diplomacy & Statecraft
2371:Sources and further reading
2122:Maxim Litvinov: A Biography
2110:, Phoenix (2010), pp. 284–5
1879:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1761:
1749:
1729:Order of the British Empire
1527:First Lord of the Admiralty
1419:for a British guarantee of
1072:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1045:Civil Lord of the Admiralty
1024:Chamberlain caricatured by
827:First Lord of the Admiralty
722:Chancellor of the Exchequer
236:Chancellor of the Exchequer
71:First Lord of the Admiralty
10:
9403:
8926:The Duke of Northumberland
8610:The Earl of Northumberland
6391:Conservative–DUP agreement
6030:Conservative History Group
5957:Blue Collar Conservativism
4727:Conservative Party Archive
4410:Center for Civil Liberties
3270:International Peace Bureau
2597:European History Quarterly
2519:Diplomacy & Statecraft
2086:. Routledge. p. 113.
1881:. University of Cambridge.
1262:Secretary of State for War
1254:Minister without Portfolio
887:Trinity College, Cambridge
665:Trinity College, Cambridge
8823:
8677:
8666:
8587:
8026:
7954:
7916:
7803:
7792:
7448:
7388:
6989:
6793:
6525:
6479:United Kingdom portal
6459:
6379:
6349:List of current alliances
6342:
6338:
6327:
6295:Centre for Social Justice
6290:Centre for Policy Studies
6270:
6259:
6218:
6205:Young Britons' Foundation
6050:Conservative Muslim Forum
5934:
5898:
5880:
5876:
5865:
5841:
5833:Conservative Associations
5825:
5809:
5778:
5762:
5739:
5723:
5688:
5684:
5673:
5497:
5486:
5440:
5133:
5028:
4931:
4864:
4860:
4849:
4813:Irish Conservative Party
4783:Unionist Free Food League
4735:
4719:
4715:
4704:
4592:
4576:
4551:
4526:
4502:
4483:
4122:
3871:
3628:
3405:
3165:
3112:
3103:
3095:
3085:
3076:
3068:
3063:
3053:
3044:
3036:
3026:
3017:
3009:
2991:
2975:
2966:
2956:
2947:
2939:
2929:
2920:
2912:
2902:
2893:
2885:
2875:
2866:
2858:
2848:
2839:
2831:
2821:
2812:
2804:
2794:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2762:
2743:
2735:
2729:Frederick Leverton Harris
2725:
2706:
2698:
2691:
2582:The Chamberlain Tradition
2531:10.1080/09592290600943304
2391:10.1080/02684529808432463
2349:"UoB CALMVIEW2: Overview"
2324:"UoB CALMVIEW2: Overview"
2061:10.1191/0968344505wh312oa
1934:, pp 113, 118–9
1363:following success in the
997:dissolution of parliament
726:Conservative Party leader
690:
678:
658:
648:
636:
628:
605:
591:
574:
555:Joseph Austen Chamberlain
550:
545:
541:
529:
517:
506:
494:
482:
470:
459:
447:
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423:
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395:
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69:
65:
53:
34:
8911:The Earl of Ellenborough
7806:and Commonwealth Affairs
6386:List of former alliances
6175:One Nation Conservatives
6085:Conservative Way Forward
5871:Associated organisations
5696:Conservative Party Board
4105:Médecins Sans Frontières
2564:Diplomacy and Statecraft
2510:Johnson, Gaynor (2006).
2450:Diplomacy and Statecraft
1823:Marsh, Peter T. (2013).
1756:University of Birmingham
1676:University of Birmingham
1646:
1365:election of October 1924
1076:Imperial Tariff campaign
724:(twice) and was briefly
9242:British Nobel laureates
9237:English Nobel laureates
9076:The Viscount Chelmsford
8710:The Viscount Torrington
8655:The Earl of Bridgewater
6469:Conservatism portal
6397:European People's Party
6364:European Democrat Union
6170:Northern Research Group
6135:European Research Group
6040:Conservative Mainstream
5801:Gibraltar Conservatives
4823:Scottish Unionist Party
4493:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
3592:Friends Service Council
2555:Encyclopædia Britannica
2257:Dutton 2004, pp. 906–24
1841:10.1093/ref:odnb/101358
1216:invasion of Mesopotamia
1005:William Ewart Gladstone
953:Heinrich von Treitschke
893:, a future advocate of
271:Charles Thomson Ritchie
9387:Lords of the Admiralty
9091:Sir Austen Chamberlain
9081:The Viscount Bridgeman
8981:The Earl of Northbrook
8951:Sir John Pakington, Bt
8941:Sir John Pakington, Bt
8921:Sir Francis Baring, Bt
8906:The Earl of Haddington
8831:The Earl of St Vincent
8745:The Earl of Winchilsea
8720:The Earl of Winchilsea
8630:The Earl of Torrington
8625:The Earl of Nottingham
6100:Conservatives 4 Cities
5791:Scottish Conservatives
4833:National Liberal Party
4808:Liberal Unionist Party
4598:Nobel Prize recipients
4578:Physiology or Medicine
3989:UN Peacekeeping Forces
3838: (declined award)
3747:Martin Luther King Jr.
2808:Robert William Hanbury
2661:Sir Austen Chamberlain
2457:The Historical Journal
2434:10.1093/ref:odnb/32351
2407:Dutton, David (1985).
2398:Blake, Robert (1955).
2188:Cite journal requires
2152:Cite journal requires
2084:The Invergordon Mutiny
1657:East Finchley Cemetery
1632:
1619:
1408:
1382:occupation of the Ruhr
1352:
1269:Lloyd George coalition
1195:
1159:
1035:
984:Liberal Unionists and
974:Liberal Unionist Party
936:in the capital of the
720:(MP) for 45 years, as
41:Sir Austen Chamberlain
18:Sir Austen Chamberlain
9262:Knights of the Garter
9151:The Viscount Hailsham
8991:The Marquess of Ripon
8876:The Viscount Melville
8866:The Viscount Melville
8836:The Viscount Melville
8824:of the United Kingdom
8695:The Earl of Strafford
8645:The Viscount Falkland
7977:Portal:United Kingdom
6535:Eustace of Fauconberg
6442:Ulster Unionist Party
6195:Tory Green Initiative
6110:Conservatives at Work
4828:National Party (1917)
4261:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
3941:Alfonso García Robles
3921:Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
3893:Amnesty International
3505:Carlos Saavedra Lamas
2573:21.2 (1986): 187–214.
2566:14.2 (2003): 207–236.
2488:(25#1): 49 –64.
2459:14.1 (1971): 153–164.
2452:16.2 (2005): 281–295.
2411:. Bolton: R.Anderson.
1702:in his lapel). Until
1623:
1615:
1403:
1350:
1273:1918 general election
1193:
1154:
1083:. Facing a resurgent
1023:
1009:Second Home Rule Bill
1001:1892 general election
9101:Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt
9096:The Viscount Monsell
9011:The Earl of Selborne
8996:Lord George Hamilton
8986:Lord George Hamilton
8946:The Duke of Somerset
8936:Sir Charles Wood, Bt
8931:Sir James Graham, Bt
8916:The Earl of Auckland
8881:Sir James Graham, Bt
8871:The Duke of Clarence
8861:Charles Philip Yorke
8785:The Earl of Sandwich
8775:Sir Charles Saunders
8765:The Earl of Sandwich
8730:The Earl of Sandwich
8705:The Earl of Berkeley
8660:The Earl of Pembroke
8635:The Earl of Pembroke
8595:The Earl of Portland
6180:Popular Conservatism
6125:COVID Recovery Group
5916:Conservatives Abroad
5817:London Conservatives
5492:Leadership elections
4818:Irish Unionist Party
4793:Carlton Club meeting
4778:Tariff Reform League
4376:World Food Programme
3116:Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt
3099:James Herbert Benyon
2825:William Hayes Fisher
2746:Member of Parliament
2709:Member of Parliament
2677:UK National Archives
2606:36 (2005): 203–235.
2245:Blake 1955, pp. 72–3
2175:. 11 March 1935: 77.
2139:. 11 March 1935: 40.
1582:Calls for rearmament
1392:economic sanctions.
1316:Carlton Club meeting
1200:coalition government
1176:Third Home Rule Bill
1157:Henry Walter Barnett
1103:Leadership questions
968:Member of Parliament
949:University of Berlin
947:While attending the
899:Round Table movement
867:Beatrice Chamberlain
792:Carlton Club meeting
788:coalition government
772:coalition government
718:Member of Parliament
673:University of Berlin
496:Member of Parliament
449:Member of Parliament
119:Bolton Eyres-Monsell
37:The Right Honourable
9161:The Lord Carrington
9156:The Earl of Selkirk
9021:The Lord Tweedmouth
8976:William Henry Smith
8810:The Earl of Chatham
8800:The Viscount Keppel
8790:The Viscount Keppel
8755:The Earl of Halifax
8725:The Duke of Bedford
8640:The Lord Cornwallis
8615:The Lord Cottington
8600:The Earl of Lindsey
6300:European Foundation
6185:Renewing One Nation
6130:European Foundation
6045:Conservative Health
5952:The Atlantic Bridge
5921:LGBT+ Conservatives
5911:Young Conservatives
5796:Welsh Conservatives
5630:July–September 2022
5530:Thatcher re-elected
4567:Gustav Ludwig Hertz
4517:George Bernard Shaw
4057:Pugwash Conferences
2984:(as overall leader)
2713:East Worcestershire
2599:18.1 (1988): 51–70.
2578:Petrie, Sir Charles
2353:calmview.bham.ac.uk
2328:calmview.bham.ac.uk
1535:National Government
1504:Kellogg-Briand Pact
1485:Order of the Garter
1458:Free City of Danzig
1243:Supreme War Council
1127:and Irish Unionist
978:East Worcestershire
895:Imperial Federation
714:Neville Chamberlain
501:East Worcestershire
60:Chamberlain in 1931
9307:Sciences Po alumni
9247:English Unitarians
9217:Chamberlain family
9146:Viscount Cilcennin
8770:The Earl of Egmont
8700:The Earl of Orford
8685:The Earl of Orford
8650:The Earl of Orford
8274:Campbell-Bannerman
7395:Lord Chief Justice
6420:European Democrats
5962:Common Sense Group
4763:Tamworth Manifesto
4536:Austen Chamberlain
4328:Juan Manuel Santos
3654:George C. Marshall
3497:Carl von Ossietzky
3392:Austen Chamberlain
3258:A. M. F. Beernaert
3226:Theodore Roosevelt
3218:Bertha von Suttner
2842:Postmaster General
2773:Political offices
2739:Joseph Chamberlain
2663:on Nobelprize.org
2592:18.1 (1989): 1–27.
1952:The New York Times
1913:The London Gazette
1774:(30 November 1925)
1768:List of covers of
1539:Invergordon Mutiny
1409:
1353:
1227:David Lloyd George
1196:
1160:
1057:Postmaster General
1036:
922:Georges Clemenceau
847:Joseph Chamberlain
784:David Lloyd George
728:before serving as
710:Joseph Chamberlain
641:Joseph Chamberlain
477:Joseph Chamberlain
397:Postmaster General
364:David Lloyd George
305:David Lloyd George
205:David Lloyd George
9174:
9173:
9166:The Earl Jellicoe
9136:The Viscount Hall
9116:Winston Churchill
9111:The Earl Stanhope
9041:Sir Edward Carson
9031:Winston Churchill
8956:Henry Lowry-Corry
8901:The Earl of Minto
8896:The Lord Auckland
8886:The Lord Auckland
8856:The Lord Mulgrave
8805:The Viscount Howe
8795:The Viscount Howe
8715:Sir Charles Wager
8547:
8546:
7986:
7985:
7401:
7400:
6485:
6484:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6323:
6322:
6255:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6200:Tory Reform Group
6120:Cornerstone Group
5861:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5669:
5668:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5477:
4965:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4753:Electoral history
4662:
4661:
4441:
4440:
4302:Kailash Satyarthi
4187:Mohamed ElBaradei
4005:Mikhail Gorbachev
3700:Philip Noel-Baker
3684:Lester B. Pearson
3646:Albert Schweitzer
3427:Ferdinand Buisson
3419:Gustav Stresemann
3298:Henri La Fontaine
3159:Nobel Peace Prize
3122:
3121:
3113:Succeeded by
3086:Succeeded by
3064:Academic offices
3054:Succeeded by
3027:Succeeded by
3020:Foreign Secretary
2976:Succeeded by
2960:Lord Robert Cecil
2957:Succeeded by
2930:Succeeded by
2903:Succeeded by
2876:Succeeded by
2849:Succeeded by
2822:Succeeded by
2795:Succeeded by
2763:Succeeded by
2726:Succeeded by
2525:(17#4): 753–769.
2440:(Subscription or
2280:. pp. 16–17.
2093:978-1-317-40313-5
1859:(Subscription or
1588:Winston Churchill
1481:Nobel Peace Prize
1417:Gustav Stresemann
1390:League of Nations
1369:Foreign Secretary
1338:Foreign Secretary
1324:Iain Duncan Smith
1260:, who had become
1252:in April 1918 as
942:Otto von Bismarck
831:Winston Churchill
823:Nobel Peace Prize
807:second government
730:Foreign Secretary
716:. He served as a
694:
693:
611:Ivy Muriel Dundas
126:Foreign Secretary
16:(Redirected from
9394:
9372:UK MPs 1935–1945
9367:UK MPs 1931–1935
9362:UK MPs 1929–1931
9357:UK MPs 1924–1929
9352:UK MPs 1923–1924
9347:UK MPs 1922–1923
9342:UK MPs 1918–1922
9337:UK MPs 1910–1918
9327:UK MPs 1906–1910
9322:UK MPs 1900–1906
9317:UK MPs 1895–1900
9312:UK MPs 1892–1895
9282:Lords Privy Seal
9026:Reginald McKenna
9001:The Earl Spencer
8971:George Ward Hunt
8891:The Earl de Grey
8851:Thomas Grenville
8815:The Earl Spencer
8780:Sir Edward Hawke
8760:George Grenville
8678:of Great Britain
8672:
8671:
8620:Sir Henry Capell
8574:
8567:
8560:
8551:
8550:
8129:Pitt the Younger
8119:Pitt the Younger
8013:
8006:
7999:
7990:
7989:
7975:
7963:
7962:
7798:
7440:
7439:
7428:
7421:
7414:
7405:
7404:
6795:of Great Britain
6512:
6505:
6498:
6489:
6488:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6340:
6339:
6329:
6328:
6261:
6260:
5935:Factional groups
5899:Sectional groups
5878:
5877:
5867:
5866:
5686:
5685:
5675:
5674:
5552:Major re-elected
5488:
5487:
5137:
5136:Chairmen (1911–)
5032:
4981:
4966:
4960:
4935:
4934:House of Commons
4868:
4862:
4861:
4851:
4850:
4788:Coalition Coupon
4717:
4716:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4600:
4542:Charles G. Dawes
4538:(United Kingdom)
4519:(United Kingdom)
4468:
4461:
4454:
4445:
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4434:
4423:
4421:Narges Mohammadi
4412:
4393:
4378:
4367:
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4341:
4330:
4319:
4308:
4306:Malala Yousafzai
4293:
4282:
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4228:Martti Ahtisaari
4219:
4204:
4189:
4174:
4163:
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4141:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4087:
4075:
4073:José Ramos-Horta
4063:
4051:
4035:
4023:
4021:Rigoberta Menchú
4015:
4013:Aung San Suu Kyi
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
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3923:
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3907:
3895:
3887:
3885:Mairead Corrigan
3864:
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3800:
3789:
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3749:
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3716:Dag Hammarskjöld
3710:
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3530:
3529:
3523:
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3507:
3499:
3491:
3489:Arthur Henderson
3483:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3456:
3454:Nathan Söderblom
3448:
3446:Frank B. Kellogg
3440:
3439:
3433:
3421:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3372:
3364:
3358:Hjalmar Branting
3352:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3329:
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3320:
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3292:
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3240:
3228:
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3204:
3196:
3184:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3096:Preceded by
3069:Preceded by
3037:Preceded by
3030:Arthur Henderson
3013:Ramsay MacDonald
3010:Preceded by
2940:Preceded by
2933:Sir Robert Horne
2913:Preceded by
2886:Preceded by
2859:Preceded by
2832:Preceded by
2805:Preceded by
2781:Edmund Robertson
2778:Preceded by
2736:Preceded by
2699:Preceded by
2689:
2688:
2685:
2680:
2668:
2639:
2625:
2585:
2559:
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2542:
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2037:
2035:
2033:
2005:
1999:
1992:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1949:
1941:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1828:
1820:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1789:
1772:magazine (1920s)
1568:Abyssinia Crisis
1561:Hoare-Laval Pact
1531:Ramsay MacDonald
1520:election of 1929
1508:Benito Mussolini
1433:cordon sanitaire
1377:entente cordiale
1093:House of Commons
1089:election of 1906
1041:election of 1895
1016:Political office
811:Locarno Treaties
774:in May 1915, as
741:Liberal Unionist
703:
686:
622:
620:
596:Liberal Unionist
581:
564:
562:
546:Personal details
532:
520:
511:
485:
473:
464:
438:
426:
416:
407:
386:
374:
355:
346:
324:
312:
302:
293:
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267:
255:
246:
225:
213:
201:
192:
171:Arthur Henderson
167:
160:Ramsay MacDonald
157:
145:
136:
114:
102:
94:Ramsay MacDonald
90:
81:
58:
48:
32:
31:
21:
9402:
9401:
9397:
9396:
9395:
9393:
9392:
9391:
9177:
9176:
9175:
9170:
9131:A. V. Alexander
9126:Brendan Bracken
9121:A. V. Alexander
9086:A. V. Alexander
9046:Sir Eric Geddes
9016:The Earl Cawdor
8846:Viscount Howick
8841:The Lord Barham
8819:
8740:The Earl Temple
8673:
8669:
8664:
8583:
8578:
8548:
8543:
8022:
8017:
7987:
7982:
7950:
7918:
7912:
7805:
7799:
7790:
7444:
7434:
7432:
7402:
7397:
7384:
7275:Heathcoat-Amory
6992:
6985:
6789:
6521:
6516:
6486:
6481:
6473:
6471:
6463:
6461:
6447:
6434:
6428:
6422:
6416:
6410:
6404:
6393:
6387:
6375:
6367:
6356:
6350:
6334:
6333:Party alliances
6319:
6310:Policy Exchange
6266:
6247:
6214:
6165:No Turning Back
5930:
5894:
5872:
5853:
5837:
5821:
5805:
5774:
5758:
5735:
5719:
5680:
5679:Party structure
5665:
5493:
5474:
5436:
5135:
5129:
5031:Leaders (1922–)
5030:
5024:
4969:
4959:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4870:
4866:
4856:
4837:
4773:Primrose League
4731:
4711:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4663:
4658:
4596:
4588:
4572:
4547:
4544:(United States)
4522:
4498:
4479:
4472:
4442:
4437:
4432:to be announced
4426:
4415:
4402:Ales Bialiatski
4396:
4381:
4370:
4359:
4344:
4333:
4322:
4311:
4296:
4285:
4274:
4269:Tawakkol Karman
4255:
4244:
4233:
4222:
4207:
4192:
4177:
4172:Wangari Maathai
4166:
4155:
4144:
4129:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4090:
4078:
4066:
4054:
4038:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3898:
3890:
3878:
3867:
3862:Andrei Sakharov
3859:
3847:
3842:Henry Kissinger
3832:
3826:
3825:
3814:
3803:
3792:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3741:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3689:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3466:Nicholas Butler
3459:
3451:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3424:
3415:Aristide Briand
3412:
3401:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3370:Fridtjof Nansen
3367:
3362:Christian Lange
3355:
3347:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3275:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3187:
3172:
3161:
3152:
3118:
3109:
3101:
3091:
3089:Stanley Baldwin
3082:
3074:
3059:
3050:
3042:
3040:A. V. Alexander
3032:
3023:
3015:
2999:
2997:
2987:
2981:
2972:
2962:
2953:
2950:Lord Privy Seal
2945:
2935:
2926:
2918:
2908:
2899:
2891:
2881:
2872:
2864:
2862:Charles Ritchie
2854:
2845:
2837:
2827:
2818:
2810:
2800:
2791:
2783:
2768:
2753:
2750:Birmingham West
2741:
2731:
2716:
2704:
2702:George Hastings
2671:
2646:
2616:
2614:Primary sources
2514:
2477:
2439:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2332:
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2301:
2294:
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2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2221:
2205:
2201:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2153:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2080:
2076:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1925:
1921:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1821:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1764:
1752:
1725:
1684:
1649:
1640:Stanley Baldwin
1584:
1556:
1551:
1543:Frederick Field
1516:
1465:Aristide Briand
1454:Polish Corridor
1398:
1386:Geneva Protocol
1361:second ministry
1357:Stanley Baldwin
1345:
1340:
1312:Stanley Baldwin
1301:Anglo-Irish War
1290:Lord Privy Seal
1281:
1188:
1186:First World War
1149:
1147:Irish Home Rule
1105:
1018:
970:
965:
926:Alexandre Ribot
903:Cambridge Union
874:, would become
839:
803:Stanley Baldwin
699:
671:
667:
644:Harriet Kenrick
643:
624:
621: 1906)
616:
612:
598:
592:Political party
583:
579:
566:
565:16 October 1863
560:
558:
557:
556:
536:Leverton Harris
530:
524:George Hastings
518:
512:
507:
498:
483:
471:
465:
460:
454:Birmingham West
451:
436:
424:
414:
408:
403:
384:
372:
367:
353:
347:
342:
322:
310:
300:
294:
289:
277:
265:
253:
247:
242:
223:
211:
199:
193:
188:
180:
178:Lord Privy Seal
165:
155:
149:Stanley Baldwin
143:
137:
132:
112:
106:A. V. Alexander
100:
88:
82:
77:
61:
49:
44:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9400:
9390:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9036:Arthur Balfour
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9006:George Goschen
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8966:George Goschen
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8827:
8825:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8750:The Lord Anson
8747:
8742:
8737:
8735:The Lord Anson
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8690:Sir John Leake
8687:
8681:
8679:
8675:
8674:
8667:
8665:
8663:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8591:
8589:
8585:
8584:
8577:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8554:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8414:St John-Stevas
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8324:N. Chamberlain
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8289:A. Chamberlain
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
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8166:
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8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8068:Pitt the Elder
8065:
8058:
8056:Pitt the Elder
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8016:
8015:
8008:
8001:
7993:
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7809:
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7793:
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7753:
7748:
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7703:
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7513:
7508:
7503:
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7493:
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7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7431:
7430:
7423:
7416:
7408:
7399:
7398:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7225:N. Chamberlain
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7205:N. Chamberlain
7202:
7197:
7192:
7190:A. Chamberlain
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7165:A. Chamberlain
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6997:
6995:
6993:United Kingdom
6987:
6986:
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6978:
6973:
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6857:
6852:
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6805:
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6757:
6752:
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6707:
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6324:
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6212:
6207:
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6127:
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6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5931:
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5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5884:
5882:
5874:
5873:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5747:1922 Committee
5743:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5692:
5690:
5682:
5681:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5662:
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5651:
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5649:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5400:
5391:
5382:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5349:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5165:N. Chamberlain
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5145:Steel-Maitland
5141:
5139:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5050:N. Chamberlain
5047:
5042:
5036:
5034:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5020:A. Chamberlain
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4967:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4867:House of Lords
4858:
4857:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
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4780:
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4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4713:
4712:
4702:
4701:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4669:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4564:
4557:
4555:
4549:
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4546:
4545:
4539:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4511:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4424:
4413:
4394:
4391:Dmitry Muratov
4379:
4368:
4357:
4342:
4331:
4320:
4309:
4294:
4283:
4280:European Union
4272:
4253:
4242:
4231:
4220:
4205:
4202:Muhammad Yunus
4190:
4175:
4164:
4153:
4142:
4135:United Nations
4126:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4108:
4100:
4088:
4076:
4064:
4061:Joseph Rotblat
4052:
4036:
4033:F. W. de Klerk
4029:Nelson Mandela
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3905:Menachem Begin
3896:
3888:
3881:Betty Williams
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3857:
3845:
3830:
3823:
3812:
3809:Norman Borlaug
3801:
3790:
3779:
3770:
3761:
3750:
3739:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3708:Albert Luthuli
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3599:
3587:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3469:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3434:
3422:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3387:
3380:
3373:
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6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5868:
5864:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:Parliamentary
5738:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5676:
5672:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5489:
5485:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4848:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:Organisations
4718:
4714:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4690:
4685:
4683:
4678:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4350:Denis Mukwege
4347:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4265:Leymah Gbowee
4262:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4097:David Trimble
4094:
4089:
4086:
4085:Jody Williams
4082:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4049:Yasser Arafat
4046:
4045:Yitzhak Rabin
4042:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3913:Mother Teresa
3909:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3850:Seán MacBride
3846:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3724:Linus Pauling
3720:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3650:
3647:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3611:John Boyd Orr
3607:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3481:Norman Angell
3477:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3435:
3432:
3431:Ludwig Quidde
3428:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3396:Charles Dawes
3393:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3250:Fredrik Bajer
3247:
3242:
3239:
3238:Louis Renault
3235:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3202:Randal Cremer
3198:
3195:
3194:Charles Gobat
3191:
3190:Élie Ducommun
3186:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2911:
2907:
2906:Edwin Montagu
2898:
2897:
2890:
2889:Earl of Crewe
2884:
2880:
2879:H. H. Asquith
2871:
2870:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2657:
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2652:
2648:
2647:
2637:
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2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2609:
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2601:
2598:
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2575:
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2557:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
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2513:
2508:
2503:
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2483:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2447:
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2435:
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2427:
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2420:
2414:
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2405:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2242:
2226:
2222:
2220:9780226319704
2216:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2182:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2146:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2027:
2023:
2021:9780747568735
2017:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1978:0-275-95422-6
1975:
1969:
1953:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1932:0-275-95422-6
1929:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1895:
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1771:
1766:
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1759:
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1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1723:Personal life
1720:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:William Hague
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
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1653:
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1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1495:. He was the
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
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1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1335:
1333:
1332:William Hague
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:George Curzon
1209:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:H. H. Asquith
1169:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1129:Edward Carson
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1113:December 1910
1110:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1065:Privy Council
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:Owing to the
993:
991:
987:
986:Conservatives
983:
979:
975:
960:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
938:German Empire
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:H. H. Asquith
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Tariff Reform
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
698:
689:
685:
681:
677:
674:
670:
666:
663:
661:
657:
654:
651:
647:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
608:
604:
601:
597:
594:
590:
586:
578:16 March 1937
577:
573:
569:
553:
549:
544:
540:
537:
534:
528:
525:
522:
516:
510:
505:
502:
497:
493:
490:
487:
481:
478:
475:
469:
463:
458:
455:
450:
446:
443:
440:
434:
431:
428:
422:
418:
412:
406:
401:
398:
394:
391:
390:Edwin Montagu
388:
382:
379:
376:
370:
363:
361:H. H. Asquith
360:
359:
357:
351:
345:
340:
337:
333:
330:
326:
320:
317:
314:
308:
304:
298:
292:
287:
284:
283:H. H. Asquith
281:
275:
272:
269:
263:
260:
257:
251:
245:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
221:
218:
215:
209:
206:
203:
197:
191:
186:
183:
179:
175:
172:
169:
163:
159:
153:
150:
147:
141:
135:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
110:
107:
104:
98:
95:
92:
86:
80:
75:
72:
68:
64:
57:
52:
47:
38:
33:
30:
19:
9090:
8329:W. Churchill
8288:
8244:R. Churchill
8060:
7970:
7958:
7818:Douglas-Home
7761:Douglas-Home
7695:
7390:
7270:Thorneycroft
7215:W. Churchill
7189:
7175:Lloyd George
7164:
7140:R. Churchill
7037:
7015:
6965:Ellenborough
6963:
6899:Bilson-Legge
6891:
6887:Bilson-Legge
6877:Bilson-Legge
6869:
6847:
6285:Bruges Group
5887:
5689:Professional
5642:October 2022
5575:Duncan Smith
5405: /
5396: /
5387: /
5378: /
5354: /
5345: /
5321: /
5249:Thorneycroft
5212: /
5095:Duncan Smith
5070:Douglas-Home
5055:W. Churchill
5019:
5000:R. Churchill
4977: /
4973: /
4961:
4903:Beaconsfield
4803:Fourth Party
4768:Carlton Club
4628:
4561:James Franck
4535:
4431:
4408: /
4404: /
4389: /
4352: /
4304: /
4267: /
4263: /
4239:Barack Obama
4215: /
4200: /
4198:Grameen Bank
4185: /
4161:Shirin Ebadi
4150:Jimmy Carter
4137: /
4123:2001–present
4113:Kim Dae-jung
4095: /
4083: /
4071: /
4059: /
4047: /
4043: /
4041:Shimon Peres
4031: /
3957:Desmond Tutu
3939: /
3903: /
3883: /
3852: /
3840: /
3834:
3820:Willy Brandt
3734: /
3692:Georges Pire
3638:Léon Jouhaux
3619:Ralph Bunche
3594: /
3582: /
3572:Cordell Hull
3513:Robert Cecil
3464: /
3429: /
3417: /
3394: /
3391:
3360: /
3282:Alfred Fried
3280: /
3278:Tobias Asser
3260: /
3248: /
3236: /
3192: /
3180: /
3178:Henry Dunant
3104:
3077:
3045:
3018:
3000:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2967:
2948:
2921:
2894:
2867:
2852:Lord Stanley
2840:
2813:
2786:
2766:Walter Higgs
2744:
2707:
2649:
2631:
2621:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2570:
2563:
2553:
2522:
2518:
2485:
2481:
2466:17#4 (2006)
2463:
2456:
2449:
2423:
2408:
2399:
2385:(1): 53–84.
2382:
2378:
2356:. Retrieved
2352:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2286:
2277:
2271:
2262:
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2209:
2202:
2181:cite journal
2172:
2166:
2145:cite journal
2136:
2130:
2121:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2055:(1): 75–92.
2052:
2048:
2042:
2030:. Retrieved
2010:
2003:
1995:
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1951:
1939:
1922:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1849:. Retrieved
1830:
1801:. Retrieved
1787:
1769:
1753:
1733:
1726:
1712:
1692:
1687:Robert Blake
1685:
1673:
1661:
1654:
1650:
1636:Conservative
1633:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1604:
1600:Nazi Germany
1585:
1576:Anthony Eden
1565:
1557:
1524:
1517:
1501:
1462:
1431:
1425:
1413:Locarno Pact
1410:
1396:Locarno Pact
1375:
1373:
1354:
1321:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1294:Robert Horne
1282:
1266:
1256:, replacing
1247:
1239:
1235:Siege of Kut
1223:India Office
1220:
1197:
1161:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1118:
1106:
1097:
1069:
1037:
1029:
994:
971:
963:Early career
946:
930:
907:
891:F. S. Oliver
883:Rugby School
880:
840:
796:
780:Kut Campaign
765:
734:
696:
695:
653:Rugby School
600:Conservative
580:(1937-03-16)
531:Succeeded by
508:
489:Walter Higgs
484:Succeeded by
461:
442:Lord Stanley
437:Succeeded by
404:
385:Succeeded by
343:
329:Robert Horne
323:Succeeded by
290:
278:Succeeded by
243:
229:Robert Cecil
224:Succeeded by
189:
166:Succeeded by
133:
113:Succeeded by
78:
29:
9332:UK MPs 1910
9192:1937 deaths
9187:1863 births
9106:Duff Cooper
9051:Walter Long
8234:Hicks-Beach
8149:Castlereagh
7696:Chamberlain
7526:Castlereagh
7155:Hicks Beach
7130:Hicks Beach
7050:Spring Rice
6550:Westminster
6280:Bright Blue
6265:Think tanks
6226:List of MPs
6219:Politicians
6160:No Campaign
6150:Monday Club
6140:Fresh Start
5779:Subnational
4995:Hicks Beach
4964:(1848–1849)
4938:(1834–1922)
4871:(1828–1922)
4476:Nobel Prize
4387:Maria Ressa
4354:Nadia Murad
4069:Carlos Belo
3981:Óscar Arias
3973:Elie Wiesel
3949:Lech Wałęsa
3937:Alva Myrdal
3901:Anwar Sadat
3854:Eisaku Satō
3787:René Cassin
3580:Emily Balch
3462:Jane Addams
2654:1803–2005:
2636:, 1916–1937
2171:"Hansard".
2135:"Hansard".
1980:, pp. 192–4
1908:"No. 27464"
1740:East Sussex
1682:Assessments
1669:West Indies
1659:in London.
1607:White Paper
1592:Roger Keyes
1554:Backbencher
1514:Resignation
1450:Sudetenland
1343:Appointment
1258:Lord Milner
1250:War Cabinet
1231:Indian Army
1164:World War I
1125:Walter Long
1081:backbenches
1031:Vanity Fair
770:'s wartime
753:Walter Long
669:Sciences Po
519:Preceded by
472:Preceded by
425:Preceded by
373:Preceded by
311:Preceded by
266:Preceded by
212:Preceded by
156:Preceded by
101:Preceded by
9181:Categories
8588:of England
8354:Crookshank
8349:Chuter Ede
8204:Palmerston
8194:Palmerston
7838:Carrington
7646:Iddesleigh
7591:Malmesbury
7576:Malmesbury
7566:Palmerston
7556:Palmerston
7551:Wellington
7546:Palmerston
7486:Hawkesbury
7001:Vansittart
6981:Vansittart
6919:Dowdeswell
6904:Barrington
6735:Cottington
6605:Harvington
6580:Willoughby
6575:de la Leye
6565:G. Giffard
6560:W. Giffard
6527:of England
5942:2020 group
5763:Conference
5403:Stephenson
5366:McLoughlin
5239:Carrington
4913:Devonshire
4888:Malmesbury
4878:Wellington
4855:Leadership
4504:Literature
4365:Abiy Ahmed
4250:Liu Xiaobo
4139:Kofi Annan
3836:Lê Đức Thọ
3290:Elihu Root
3110:1935–1937
3083:1925–1928
3024:1924–1929
2973:1921–1922
2954:1921–1922
2927:1919–1921
2900:1915–1917
2873:1903–1905
2846:1902–1903
2819:1900–1902
2792:1895–1900
2590:Millennium
2444:required.)
2358:9 December
2333:1 December
2231:26 October
2032:26 October
1958:20 January
1863:required.)
1779:References
1716:frock coat
1549:Later life
1405:Autochrome
1279:Leadership
916:under the
843:Birmingham
837:Early life
737:Parliament
660:Alma mater
568:Birmingham
561:1863-10-16
9071:Leo Amery
8524:Rees-Mogg
8509:Lidington
8439:MacGregor
8314:MacDonald
8304:MacDonald
8259:Gladstone
8239:Gladstone
8229:Gladstone
8224:Northcote
8219:Gladstone
8209:Gladstone
8159:Huskisson
8124:Addington
8103:Townshend
8083:Grenville
8073:Grenville
7823:Callaghan
7751:Macmillan
7701:Henderson
7691:MacDonald
7671:Lansdowne
7666:Salisbury
7661:Kimberley
7651:Salisbury
7636:Salisbury
7631:Granville
7626:Salisbury
7616:Granville
7611:Clarendon
7601:Clarendon
7586:Clarendon
7571:Granville
7521:Wellesley
7481:Grenville
7290:Callaghan
7265:Macmillan
7255:Gaitskell
7120:Gladstone
7115:Northcote
7110:Gladstone
7090:Gladstone
7075:Gladstone
7017:Tenterden
6954:Addington
6944:Cavendish
6934:Cavendish
6924:Townshend
6914:Grenville
6893:Mansfield
6882:Lyttelton
6740:Colepeper
6705:Fortescue
6695:Sackville
6615:Stratford
6610:Wodehouse
6545:Leicester
6275:Bow Group
6236:2010–2015
6231:2005–2010
5724:Voluntary
5299:Parkinson
5294:Mawhinney
5254:Parkinson
5219:Blakenham
5065:Macmillan
4990:Northcote
4918:Lansdowne
4908:Salisbury
4569:(Germany)
4563:(Germany)
4495:(Germany)
4485:Chemistry
4478:laureates
4093:John Hume
3872:1976–2000
3629:1951–1975
3584:John Mott
3406:1926–1950
3166:1901–1925
3155:Laureates
2998:1921–1922
2979:Bonar Law
2943:Bonar Law
2916:Bonar Law
2604:Balcanica
2539:153721391
2502:144595507
2069:0968-3445
1894:The Times
1708:Leo Amery
1698:, and an
1627:Limehouse
1596:Leo Amery
1533:'s first
1489:Henry Lee
1328:Liz Truss
1168:Home Rule
1121:Bonar Law
982:Home Rule
761:Bonar Law
708:, son of
706:statesman
679:Signature
649:Education
637:Parent(s)
587:, England
570:, England
509:In office
462:In office
405:In office
344:In office
316:Bonar Law
291:In office
244:In office
217:Bonar Law
190:In office
134:In office
79:In office
9066:Anderson
8534:Mordaunt
8504:Grayling
8389:Whitelaw
8379:Crossman
8344:Morrison
8264:Harcourt
8214:Disraeli
8199:Disraeli
8184:Disraeli
8144:Perceval
8046:Robinson
7936:Cleverly
7883:Miliband
7828:Crosland
7741:Morrison
7656:Rosebery
7641:Rosebery
7561:Aberdeen
7541:Aberdeen
7516:Bathurst
7496:Mulgrave
7491:Harrowby
7461:Grantham
7375:Kwarteng
7285:Maudling
7240:Anderson
7150:Harcourt
7135:Harcourt
7125:Childers
7095:Disraeli
7085:Disraeli
7070:Disraeli
7060:Goulburn
7028:Goulburn
7006:Robinson
6976:Perceval
6909:Dashwood
6843:Aislabie
6838:Stanhope
6755:Duncombe
6725:Portland
6720:Greville
6685:Cromwell
6655:Thwaites
6640:Somerset
6585:Benstead
6570:Chishull
6555:Chishull
6540:Maunsell
6155:92 Group
5947:Activate
5519:Thatcher
5458:Whitelaw
5453:Maudling
5441:See also
5376:Cleverly
5244:Whitelaw
5200:Hailsham
5185:Assheton
5160:Davidson
5080:Thatcher
4985:Disraeli
4971:Disraeli
4950:Bentinck
4898:Richmond
4406:Memorial
2580:(1938).
2308:18 April
2299:Archived
2225:Archived
2026:Archived
1845:Archived
1797:Archived
1762:See also
1750:Archives
1736:Mayfield
1456:and the
999:and the
957:Prussian
863:Unionist
853:, later
629:Children
8529:Spencer
8514:Leadsom
8494:Lansley
8454:Beckett
8429:Wakeham
8364:Macleod
8319:Baldwin
8309:Baldwin
8299:Baldwin
8279:Asquith
8269:Balfour
8254:Balfour
8189:Russell
8179:Russell
8169:Althorp
8154:Canning
8031:Walpole
7941:Cameron
7898:Johnson
7893:Hammond
7878:Beckett
7863:Rifkind
7813:Stewart
7786:Stewart
7776:Stewart
7726:Halifax
7706:Reading
7681:Balfour
7606:Stanley
7596:Russell
7581:Russell
7531:Canning
7511:Canning
7391:Italic:
7355:Hammond
7350:Osborne
7345:Darling
7300:Macleod
7295:Jenkins
7220:Snowden
7210:Snowden
7200:Baldwin
7180:McKenna
7170:Asquith
7160:Ritchie
7145:Goschen
7033:Althorp
7023:Herries
7011:Canning
6991:of the
6855:Walpole
6833:Walpole
6823:Wyndham
6775:Montagu
6770:Hampden
6765:Delamer
6730:Barrett
6700:Mildmay
6680:Berners
6670:Catesby
6630:Barnham
6600:Stanton
6590:Sandale
6343:Current
5623:Johnson
5599:Cameron
5385:Milling
5361:Feldman
5356:Feldman
5347:Feldman
5338:Pickles
5333:Spelman
5323:Saatchi
5224:du Cann
5210:Macleod
5190:Woolton
5180:Dugdale
5175:Hacking
5155:Jackson
5150:Younger
5115:Johnson
5105:Cameron
5045:Baldwin
5010:Balfour
4979:Herries
4710:History
4553:Physics
4213:Al Gore
3157:of the
2651:Hansard
2626:2 vols.
1851:20 June
1696:monocle
1667:in the
1473:Belgium
1469:Locarno
1421:Germany
1271:in the
1109:January
1085:Liberal
1034:, 1899.
990:Richard
872:Neville
859:Liberal
851:radical
819:Germany
623:
615:
8539:Powell
8519:Stride
8484:Harman
8449:Taylor
8444:Newton
8424:Biffen
8374:Bowden
8359:Butler
8334:Cripps
8139:Howick
8134:C. Fox
8109:C. Fox
8098:C. Fox
8088:Conway
8078:H. Fox
8051:H. Fox
8041:Pelham
8036:Sandys
7766:Butler
7686:Curzon
7536:Dudley
7506:Howick
7471:Temple
7370:Zahawi
7335:Clarke
7330:Lamont
7320:Lawson
7310:Healey
7305:Barber
7260:Butler
7250:Cripps
7245:Dalton
7055:Baring
7039:Denman
6865:Pelham
6860:Sandys
6828:Onslow
6818:Benson
6813:Harley
6750:Ashley
6715:Caesar
6710:Dunbar
6675:Lovell
6665:Fowler
6660:Witham
6650:Witham
6645:Browne
6625:Ashton
6595:Hotham
6380:Former
6305:Onward
6243:London
5587:Howard
5468:Ancram
5463:Lilley
5432:Fuller
5427:Holden
5417:Zahawi
5407:Elliot
5398:Elliot
5394:Dowden
5389:Elliot
5380:Elliot
5352:Shapps
5304:Ancram
5289:Hanley
5284:Fowler
5279:Patten
5269:Brooke
5264:Tebbit
5259:Gummer
5234:Thomas
5229:Barber
5205:Butler
5100:Howard
4975:Granby
4962:vacant
4955:Granby
4923:Curzon
4893:Cairns
4758:Tories
4736:Topics
4111:2000:
4103:1999:
4091:1998:
4079:1997:
4067:1996:
4055:1995:
4039:1994:
4027:1993:
4019:1992:
4011:1991:
4003:1990:
3995:1989:
3987:1988:
3979:1987:
3971:1986:
3963:1985:
3955:1984:
3947:1983:
3935:1982:
3927:1981:
3919:1980:
3911:1979:
3899:1978:
3891:1977:
3879:1976:
3860:1975:
3848:1974:
3833:1973:
3758:UNICEF
3730:1963:
3722:1962:
3714:1961:
3706:1960:
3698:1959:
3690:1958:
3682:1957:
3660:1954:
3652:1953:
3644:1952:
3636:1951:
3617:1950:
3609:1949:
3590:1947:
3578:1946:
3570:1945:
3562:1944:
3519:1938:
3511:1937:
3503:1936:
3495:1935:
3487:1934:
3479:1933:
3460:1931:
3452:1930:
3444:1929:
3425:1927:
3413:1926:
3390:1925:
3368:1922:
3356:1921:
3348:1920:
3340:1919:
3325:1917:
3296:1913:
3288:1912:
3276:1911:
3268:1910:
3256:1909:
3244:1908:
3232:1907:
3224:1906:
3216:1905:
3208:1904:
3200:1903:
3188:1902:
2608:online
2537:
2500:
2438:
2217:
2090:
2067:
2018:
1976:
1930:
1857:
1803:3 June
1700:orchid
1613:said:
1452:, the
1442:Poland
1428:France
1225:after
933:Berlin
815:France
606:Spouse
585:London
8499:Hague
8489:Young
8479:Straw
8404:Short
8399:Prior
8384:Peart
8369:Lloyd
8249:Smith
8113:North
8093:North
7946:Lammy
7931:Truss
7888:Hague
7873:Straw
7853:Major
7781:Brown
7756:Lloyd
7736:Bevin
7716:Hoare
7711:Simon
7621:Derby
7476:Leeds
7365:Sunak
7360:Javid
7340:Brown
7325:Major
7280:Lloyd
7230:Simon
7195:Horne
7080:Lewis
6971:Petty
6929:North
6849:Pratt
6808:Smith
6803:Boyle
6785:Boyle
6780:Smith
6760:Ernle
6690:Baker
6635:Somer
6620:Ashby
5842:Other
5826:Local
5647:Sunak
5635:Truss
5563:Hague
5541:Major
5507:Heath
5422:Hands
5412:Berry
5371:Lewis
5343:Warsi
5328:Maude
5309:Davis
5274:Baker
5214:Poole
5195:Poole
5170:Baird
5125:Sunak
5120:Truss
5090:Hague
5085:Major
5075:Heath
5005:Smith
4883:Derby
4629:1925
4528:Peace
4474:1925
3051:1931
3001:with
2535:S2CID
2515:(PDF)
2498:S2CID
2478:(PDF)
2302:(PDF)
2295:(PDF)
1948:(PDF)
1665:sisal
1647:Death
1630:post.
1477:Italy
914:Paris
855:Mayor
739:as a
617:(
613:
9061:Wood
8474:Hoon
8469:Hain
8464:Reid
8459:Cook
8434:Howe
8409:Foot
8394:Carr
8339:Eden
8174:Peel
8164:Peel
7926:Raab
7908:Raab
7903:Hunt
7868:Cook
7858:Hurd
7848:Howe
7833:Owen
7746:Eden
7731:Eden
7721:Eden
7676:Grey
7380:Hunt
7315:Howe
7235:Wood
7105:Lowe
7100:Hunt
7065:Wood
7045:Peel
6959:Pitt
6949:Pitt
6939:Pitt
6745:Hyde
5881:List
5654:2024
5618:2019
5606:2016
5594:2005
5582:2003
5570:2001
5558:1997
5548:1995
5536:1990
5526:1989
5514:1975
5502:1965
5060:Eden
4945:Peel
4654:1930
4649:1929
4644:1928
4639:1927
4634:1926
4624:1924
4619:1923
4614:1922
4609:1921
4604:1920
4585:None
4508:1925
4428:2024
4417:2023
4398:2022
4383:2021
4372:2020
4361:2019
4346:2018
4335:2017
4324:2016
4313:2015
4298:2014
4287:2013
4276:2012
4257:2011
4246:2010
4235:2009
4224:2008
4209:2007
4194:2006
4179:2005
4168:2004
4157:2003
4146:2002
4131:2001
3827:1972
3816:1971
3805:1970
3794:1969
3783:1968
3775:1967
3766:1966
3754:1965
3743:1964
3676:1956
3669:1955
3603:1948
3556:1943
3549:1942
3542:1941
3535:1940
3528:1939
3473:1932
3438:1928
3384:1924
3377:1923
3334:1918
3319:1916
3312:1915
3305:1914
3174:1901
2759:1937
2755:1914
2748:for
2722:1914
2718:1892
2711:for
2360:2010
2335:2020
2310:2016
2233:2015
2215:ISBN
2194:help
2158:help
2088:ISBN
2065:ISSN
2034:2015
2016:ISBN
1974:ISBN
1960:2008
1928:ISBN
1853:2019
1805:2015
1770:Time
1594:and
1493:peer
1475:and
1444:and
1326:and
1210:and
1111:and
1028:for
924:and
861:and
817:and
575:Died
551:Born
499:for
452:for
327:Sir
117:Sir
8419:Pym
8294:Law
8284:Law
7843:Pym
7501:Fox
7466:Fox
7456:Fox
7185:Law
6871:Lee
5659:TBA
5611:May
5319:Fox
5314:May
5110:May
5040:Law
5015:Law
2634:Ida
2527:doi
2490:doi
2430:doi
2387:doi
2173:299
2137:299
2057:doi
1837:doi
1529:in
1026:Spy
805:'s
786:'s
9183::
4430::
4419::
4400::
4385::
4374::
4363::
4348::
4337::
4326::
4315::
4300::
4289::
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