1234:
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47:
191:
31:
1222:
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378:
54:
251:
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to 396,820 in 2019. Though the park is managed by the
Wyoming State Parks Department, the US Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management, it is mostly owned by the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission. This creates a patchwork of rules and other requirements which govern tourism development and conservation in the canyon.
264:
upstream. The dam connected to the power house located at the Rise via a 3,145 foot long riveted-steel pipeline with a diameter of between 30 and 26 inches. The pipeline allowed water to flow at a rate of 17 feet per second until reaching the power house. The power house contained two 47 inch 250 horsepower hug
286:
officials working with the state legislature and private citizens created Sinks Canyon State Park, the first park created under the newly formed
Wyoming Recreation Commission. The bill creating the park was signed in 1971. A new overlook was built at the Rise in 1972; the visitor center was completed in 1973.
385:
Park visitation numbers have steady grown over time and have gone up significantly since 2018. Increasing tourism numbers has brought up the issue of the impacts to the canyon's overall ecological health. Between 2009 and 2019 visitation numbers more than doubled from 177,922 visitors counted in 2009
407:
The climate in the canyon is consistent with the surrounding area with warm dry summers and cold winters with snow. Summers in the canyon can be hot with temperatures above 90 degrees
Fahrenheit. Winters can be cold to warm depending on the side of the canyon. Most precipitation falls in spring and
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The canyon has a wide variety of plant species which differ depending on elevation and location. Numerous types of grass, trees, shrubs and other species of plants grow throughout the canyon. The canyon's area is generally divided into two main ecological zones: a subarid environment that is mainly
317:
The exact route of the passage is unknown, and dye tests have shown that the water takes over 2 hours to make its 1/4-mile underground journey. Additionally, more water flows from the Rise than enters the cavern at the Sink. The Crow Indian name of the river, "Popo Agie" (pronounced po-PO-shuh), is
285:
Large portions of the canyon were purchased by the state in 1939 and 1953 to be set aside as a wildlife habitat and to protect the fishery. In 1963, Pacific Power and Light
Company donated the Rise and the seven acres surrounding it to the city of Lander for use as a park. In 1970, city and state
263:
with more reliable electricity. Power generation was possible most of the year except during winter months because water levels become too low. The design of the system consisted of a small stone-concrete dam standing 9 feet high and 60 feet wide built on the Popo Agie River a short distance
335:
The timberline in the region is roughly between 7,217 and 8,530 feet above sea level. Most trees in the canyon grow on the north-facing wall, and the concentration of different species depends on the different ecological zones within the canyon. Common tree species include
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A visitor's center is located at the Sinks, and an observation deck overlooks the Rise. The park offers hiking trails and facilities for camping, picnicking, rock climbing, and fishing. Above the canyon there are several lakes and other recreational areas such as
360:. Trees growing within the canyon can live for hundreds of years. Studies of tree rings conducted on Douglas fir in the canyon have found trees which started growing as early as 1649, though some of the trees were deceased at the time of sampling.
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Wildlife, including prairie rattlesnakes, bull snakes, mule deer, and yellow-bellied marmots, is diverse and abundant in the area. Some 94 species of birds have been observed within the canyon including golden eagles and prairie falcons.
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which were connected to a 150-kilowatt 3 phase 60 cycle alternating-current generator operating at 2,300 volts. The power was transmitted at 11,000 volts over a copper circuit suspended by cedar poles to Lander and
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A hydroelectric dam and power plant were built in the canyon in the late 1910s by the Sinks Canyon Hydro Power
Company and became operational by January 1920. The purpose of the plant was to supply nearby
242:. Since the late 19th century, the canyon and its river have been utilized for a variety of purposes. A saw mill, small hydroelectric dam and power plant, and ski area have all operated in the canyon.
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as well as some oil extraction projects in the area. The plant operated until around 1954 when it was shut down due to its age and cheaper sources of electricity becoming available.
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where it flows into an underground limestone cavern, named "the Sinks," and emerges a quarter-mile down the canyon in a pool named "the Rise." The park is managed by the
1465:"Decoding potential effects of climate and vegetation change on mineral weathering in alpine soils: An experimental study in the Wind River Range (Wyoming, USA)"
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Human activity in Sinks Canyon goes back thousands of years. Archaeological digs have found hearths and tools carbon dated as far back as the
103:
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was carved by glacial movement, leaving extensive underground fissures and steep cliff walls. The gradual recession of the ice left glacial
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along the canyon floor. The canyon is the second most southerly of the many canyons along the eastern slope of the Wind River Range.
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The average yearly precipitation and snow water equivalent recorded at the
Townsend Creek Snotel site from 1980 to 2016
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2040:
1989:
1898:
1816:
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The average monthly precipitation and snow water equivalent recorded at
Townsend Creek Snotel Site from 1980 to 2016
2022:
1464:
431:
2430:
2331:
1971:
1271:
2154:
1918:
1829:
1261:
2291:
2128:
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The average yearly air temperature recorded from the
Townsend Creek Snotel Site from 1989 to 2016
78:
1148:
The average monthly air temperature recorded at the
Townsend Creek Snotel site from 1989 to 2016
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Climate data for
Townsend Creek, Wyoming, 1991–2020 normals, 2010-2020 snowfall: 8700ft (2652m)
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1979:
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fall, and the snow pack accumulates mostly on the north facing side of the canyon.
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1290:"Table 1. Facilities managed by Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites and Trails"
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Source 1: XMACIS2 (records, monthly max/mins & Lander 5.7SW snowfall)
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30:
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1523:"Climate analysis using tree-rings from the Wind River Range, Wyoming"
1522:
1299:. Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources. p. 12
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1636:"Falcons, a via ferrata and the clash of recreation v. conservation"
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Sinks Canyon State Park annual visitation numbers from 2006 to 2019.
202:
is a public recreation and nature preservation area located in the
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at an altitude of 8700 feet (2652 m). Townsend Creek has a
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populated by sagebrush and a pine-fir montane forest zone.
1502:. Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources
1433:
Records of water Levels in Wells in Southern California
394:
which offer access to trails and additional camping.
437:), with long, cold winters and short, mild summers.
1706:"Townsend Creek, Wyoming 1991-2020 Monthly Normals"
2409:Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites
228:Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites
1686:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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1738:Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails
1732:Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails
1608:Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails
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1553:Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails
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418:weather station located roughly halfway between
163:Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails
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1391:. Bloomington, In.: AuthorHouse. p. 125.
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35:Looking west from the entrance of the canyon
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2436:Protected areas of Fremont County, Wyoming
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1736:Sinks Canyon State Park Brochure and Map
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1276:United States Department of the Interior
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206:, six miles (9.7 km) southwest of
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1436:. Government Printing Office. p.
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1463:Mavris; et al. (October 2015).
16:State park in Wyoming, United States
2441:Protected areas established in 1971
1634:Klingsporn, Katie (July 20, 2021).
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1267:Geographic Names Information System
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1497:"Sinks Canyon State Park Brochure"
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224:Middle Fork of the Popo Agie River
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2342:Quebec-One Missile Alert Facility
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1549:"Sinks Canyon State Park Animals"
1388:Asmus Boysen and His Dam Problems
1355:"Sinks Canyon State Park History"
1604:"State Use - Planning Documents"
1521:Richards, Derek (January 2014).
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318:taken to mean "gurgling river."
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1575:"Sinks Canyon State Park Birds"
1272:United States Geological Survey
1132:Source 2: NOAA (Precipitation)
2446:1971 establishments in Wyoming
2155:Jackson Hole National Monument
1480:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.014
403:Temperatures and precipitation
222:is named for a portion of the
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2129:Clarks Fork Yellowstone River
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1057:Average snowfall inches (cm)
2337:Point of Rocks Stage Station
146:6,122 ft (1,866 m)
7:
1664:. Bureau of Land Management
773:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
633:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
301:Madison Limestone Formation
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1944:National recreation areas
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1385:Woods, Lawrence (2013).
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392:Worthen Meadow Reservoir
2332:Pioneer Memorial Museum
2327:Piedmont Charcoal Kilns
1840:National Historic Sites
1730:Sinks Canyon State Park
1239:Source of the Popo Agie
200:Sinks Canyon State Park
138:600 acres (240 ha)
79:Fremont County, Wyoming
60:Sinks Canyon State Park
24:Sinks Canyon State Park
2431:State parks of Wyoming
2255:State Historical Sites
2121:Wild and Scenic Rivers
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373:Tourism and Activities
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119:42.72278°N 108.87500°W
2297:Granger Stage Station
1919:Jackson Fish Hatchery
843:Mean minimum °F (°C)
563:Mean maximum °F (°C)
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2391:Ayres Natural Bridge
1430:Ebert, F.C. (1921).
493:Record high °F (°C)
204:Wind River Mountains
159:Administered by
124:42.72278; -108.87500
2015:National grasslands
913:Record low °F (°C)
703:Daily mean °F (°C)
216:Wyoming Highway 131
115: /
66:Location in Wyoming
2357:Territorial Prison
2292:Governors' Mansion
2267:Connor Battlefield
2041:Absaroka–Beartooth
2000:Medicine Bow–Routt
1817:National monuments
1610:. State of Wyoming
1581:. State of Wyoming
1555:. State of Wyoming
1361:. State of Wyoming
1328:. State of Wyoming
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173:Wyoming state park
2451:IUCN Category III
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1398:978-1-4817-0672-8
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428:subalpine climate
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86:Nearest city
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2282:Fort Fred Steele
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2033:Wilderness Areas
1972:National forests
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1474:. 255–256: 14.
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1658:"Sinks Canyon"
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2246:Sinks Canyon
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2226:Hawk Springs
2194:Buffalo Bill
2111:Winegar Hole
2086:Platte River
1881:Pony Express
1876:Oregon Trail
1871:Mormon Trail
1848:Fort Laramie
1830:Fossil Butte
1825:Devils Tower
1709:. Retrieved
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1661:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1638:. Lander, Wy
1612:. Retrieved
1607:
1585:February 27,
1583:. Retrieved
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1569:
1559:February 27,
1557:. Retrieved
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1533:February 27,
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1443:February 27,
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1404:February 27,
1402:. Retrieved
1387:
1365:February 27,
1363:. Retrieved
1358:
1332:September 5,
1330:. Retrieved
1325:
1303:September 5,
1301:. Retrieved
1296:
1284:
1265:
1227:Canyon walls
987:inches (mm)
434:
410:
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240:last ice age
237:
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18:
2307:Legend Rock
2231:Hot Springs
2204:Hynds Lodge
2177:State Parks
2139:Snake River
2071:Huston Park
2066:Gros Ventre
2061:Fitzpatrick
1914:Hutton Lake
1807:Yellowstone
1802:Grand Teton
1711:December 5,
1690:December 5,
346:Douglas fir
246:Power plant
169:Designation
151:Established
122: /
110:108°52′30″W
97:Coordinates
2425:Categories
2317:Names Hill
2199:Curt Gowdy
2184:Bear River
2096:Savage Run
2051:Cloud Peak
1934:Seedskadee
1929:Pathfinder
1245:References
322:Plant life
281:State park
270:governors
220:state park
107:42°43′22″N
2362:Trail End
2091:Popo Agie
1684:"xmACIS2"
1506:March 23,
1297:SOAR 2021
1203:The Sinks
424:Frye Lake
143:Elevation
2221:Guernsey
2106:Washakie
2005:Shoshone
1899:Bamforth
1668:July 20,
1642:July 20,
1614:July 20,
1472:Geoderma
1215:The Rise
1122:(301.1)
983:Average
908:(−31.5)
903:(−28.1)
898:(−24.2)
893:(−16.1)
868:(−10.8)
863:(−18.1)
858:(−24.0)
853:(−27.9)
848:(−27.2)
833:(−14.3)
828:(−10.3)
788:(−10.7)
783:(−14.7)
778:(−14.3)
364:Wildlife
312:The Rise
305:moraines
75:Location
2241:Seminoe
2236:Keyhole
2046:Bridger
1985:Bighorn
1785:Federal
1777:Wyoming
888:(−6.8)
883:(−1.2)
873:(−3.4)
838:(−5.5)
823:(−4.6)
798:(−2.0)
793:(−6.9)
763:(−7.2)
758:(−3.2)
743:(13.3)
738:(14.1)
733:(10.1)
718:(−2.7)
713:(−6.6)
708:(−6.6)
698:(10.2)
678:(16.8)
673:(22.3)
668:(23.3)
663:(18.3)
658:(12.4)
628:(28.6)
618:(12.6)
613:(19.0)
608:(24.5)
603:(27.4)
598:(28.2)
593:(25.3)
588:(20.9)
583:(16.5)
578:(13.2)
398:Climate
295:Geology
234:History
212:Wyoming
179:Website
2376:County
2216:Glendo
2189:Boysen
2148:Former
1980:Ashley
1395:
1190:Images
1102:(5.1)
1097:(0.0)
1092:(0.0)
1087:(0.0)
1052:(617)
978:(−40)
973:(−40)
968:(−32)
963:(−27)
958:(−16)
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923:(−36)
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878:(0.1)
818:(0.6)
813:(4.4)
808:(4.9)
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768:(2.4)
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728:(5.3)
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693:(0.0)
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683:(9.7)
653:(7.8)
648:(5.3)
643:(1.5)
638:(1.2)
623:(8.4)
573:(9.6)
568:(9.9)
449:Month
432:Köppen
416:SNOTEL
356:, and
261:Lander
218:. The
208:Lander
90:Lander
2169:State
2101:Teton
1500:(PDF)
1468:(PDF)
1293:(PDF)
1120:118.5
1117:(36)
1112:(28)
1107:(19)
1082:(33)
1077:(62)
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1062:(28)
1050:24.29
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1017:(47)
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953:(−7)
948:(−5)
943:(−7)
906:−24.7
901:−18.5
896:−11.6
856:−11.2
851:−18.2
846:−17.0
558:(33)
553:(12)
548:(18)
543:(22)
538:(28)
533:(31)
528:(33)
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518:(27)
513:(21)
508:(17)
503:(14)
498:(15)
488:Year
414:is a
338:aspen
331:Trees
214:, on
1961:USFS
1713:2023
1692:2023
1670:2021
1644:2021
1616:2021
1587:2017
1561:2017
1535:2017
1529:: 14
1508:2020
1445:2017
1406:2017
1393:ISBN
1367:2017
1334:2017
1305:2017
1115:14.0
1110:11.1
1080:12.9
1075:24.4
1070:17.4
1065:18.3
1060:11.1
1045:1.40
1040:1.72
1035:2.37
1030:1.90
1025:1.11
1020:1.00
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1005:3.67
1000:2.51
995:1.60
990:1.25
886:19.8
881:29.9
876:32.2
871:25.9
866:12.6
861:−0.6
836:22.1
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821:23.8
816:33.0
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756:26.2
751:36.7
746:47.7
741:56.0
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726:41.5
721:32.9
716:27.2
711:20.2
706:20.2
696:50.4
691:32.0
686:39.0
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671:72.1
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661:65.0
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651:46.1
646:41.5
641:34.7
636:34.1
626:83.5
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616:54.6
611:66.2
606:76.1
601:81.4
596:82.8
591:77.6
586:69.6
581:61.7
576:55.8
571:49.3
566:49.9
485:Dec
482:Nov
479:Oct
476:Sep
473:Aug
470:Jul
467:Jun
464:May
461:Apr
458:Mar
455:Feb
452:Jan
422:and
299:The
154:1971
135:Area
1909:Elk
1775:of
1476:doi
1105:7.3
1100:2.0
1095:0.0
1090:0.0
1085:0.0
976:−40
971:−40
966:−26
961:−16
931:−15
926:−27
921:−32
916:−29
891:3.1
831:6.2
781:5.6
776:6.3
435:Dfc
2427::
1660:.
1624:^
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1577:.
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1438:71
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1270:.
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1253:^
951:20
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941:19
936:−2
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956:3
430:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
