65:
134:
142:
265:
599:: a flyweight mechanism driven by the engine is linked to the throttle and works against a spring in a fashion similar to that of the pneumatic governor, resulting in essentially identical operation. A centrifugal governor is more complex to design and produce than a pneumatic governor. The centrifugal design is more sensitive to speed changes and hence is better suited to engines that experience large fluctuations in loading.
38:
644:
719:. It acts as a stopping mechanism in case the elevator runs beyond its tripping speed (which is usually a factor of the maximum speed of the lift and is preset by the manufacturer as per the international lift safety guidelines). This device must be installed in traction elevators and roped hydraulic elevators.
433:
SRT8 is limited to 270 km/h. Most
Japanese domestic market vehicles are limited to only 180 kilometres per hour (112 mph) or 190 kilometres per hour (118 mph). The top speed is a strong sales argument, though speeds above about 300 kilometres per hour (190 mph) are not likely
706:
which are electrically coupled to any other generators on the grid. With droop speed control, the frequency of the entire grid determines the fuel delivered to each generator, so that if the grid runs faster, the fuel is reduced to each generator by its governor to limit the speed.
648:
646:
651:
650:
645:
590:
will be reached and the engine will run at a relatively constant speed. Pneumatic governors are simple in design and inexpensive to produce. They do not regulate engine speed very accurately and are affected by air density, as well as external conditions that may influence
652:
547:, are equipped with a governor to limit fuel to the engine to a maximum safe speed when unloaded and to maintain a relatively constant speed despite changes in loading. In the case of generator applications, the engine speed must be closely controlled so the output
668:
is the procedure of monitoring and controlling the flow rate of steam into the turbine with the objective of maintaining its speed of rotation as constant. The flow rate of steam is monitored and controlled by interposing valves between the boiler and the turbine.
649:
519:
are another application. The governor senses shaft RPM, and adjusts or controls the angle of the blades to vary the torque load on the engine. Thus as the aircraft speeds up (as in a dive) or slows (in climb) the RPM is held constant.
183:. At the heart of these engines was Watt's self-designed "conical pendulum" governor: a set of revolving steel balls attached to a vertical spindle by link arms, where the controlling force consists of the weight of the balls.
243:), where they were an alternative to a hand throttle. They were used to set the required engine speed, and the vehicle's throttle and timing were adjusted by the governor to hold the speed constant, similar to a modern
204:
Gibbs theorized that, analogous to the equilibrium of the simple Watt governor (which depends on the balancing of two torques: one due to the weight of the "balls" and the other due to their rotation),
323:
Governors can be used to limit the top speed for vehicles, and for some classes of vehicle such devices are a legal requirement. They can more generally be used to limit the rotational speed of the
201:, Gibbs observed that the operation of the device in practice was beset with the disadvantages of sluggishness and a tendency to over-correct for the changes in speed it was supposed to control.
647:
586:
pulls the throttle open and, as the engine gains speed, increased air flow from the blower forces the vane back against the spring, partially closing the throttle. Eventually, a point of
630:
to the servo to regulate engine speed. Due to their sensitivity and rapid response to speed changes, electronic governors are often fitted to engine-driven generators designed to power
137:
Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, and is closed as the balls rotate and rise. The speed sensing drive shaft is top right
676:, governors have been used since the mid-19th century to control their speed. A typical system would use a Flyball governor acting directly on the turbine input valve or the
175:
steam engine, for driving factory machinery, that a constant operating speed became necessary. Between the years 1775 and 1800, Watt, in partnership with industrialist
460:
in the United
Kingdom have had to have a 30 mph (48 km/h) speed limiter since 1977. Most other European countries have similar rules (see the main article).
684:
controllers for more precise control. In the later part of the twentieth century, electronic governors and digital systems started to replace mechanical governors.
886:
479:
Urban public buses often have speed governors which are typically set to between 65 kilometres per hour (40 mph) and 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph).
197:
who in 1872 theoretically analyzed Watt's conical pendulum governor from a mathematical energy balance perspective. During his
Graduate school years at
800:
Wheeler, Lynder Phelps (1947), "The Gibbs
Governor for Steam Engines", in Wheeler, Lynder Phelps; Waters, Everett Oyler; Dudley, Samuel William (eds.),
1013:
727:
Governors are used in some wind-up music boxes to keep the music playing at a somewhat constant speed while the tension on the spring is decreasing.
382:", electronically limiting their vehicles to a top speed of 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph), since such high speeds are more likely on the
164:
employed a purely reciprocating motion, and were used for pumping water – an application that could tolerate variations in the working speed.
626:
or a magnetic pickup. The frequency of these pulses varies directly with engine speed, allowing the control module to apply a proportional
228:
and in the construction of the Gibbs’ governor. These formulations are ubiquitous today in the natural sciences in the form of the Gibbs'
133:
571:
499:
have law/by-law governors that limits their speeds to 90 kilometres per hour (56 mph) or 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph).
929:
247:. Governors were also optional on utility vehicles with engine-driven accessories such as winches or hydraulic pumps (such as
989:
784:
469:
846:
van Gorp, Anke. "Ethical Issues in
Engineering Design; Safety and Sustainability" page 16. Published by 3TU Ethics, 2005.
473:
282:
954:
1072:
1067:
304:
829:
64:
119:
on rotating weights driven by the machine output shaft to regulate its speed by altering the input flow of steam.
851:
286:
17:
736:
905:
1036:
699:
324:
619:
587:
360:
251:), again to keep the engine at the required speed regardless of variations of the load being driven.
206:
24:
221:
energy performed by the intermediate substance. In this case, the intermediate substance is steam.
429:
also do not limit their cars, at least not to 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph). The
Chrysler
379:
224:
These sorts of theoretical investigations culminated in the 1876 publication of Gibbs' famous work
680:
to control the amount of water entering the turbine. By 1930, mechanical governors started to use
665:
275:
776:
634:, as the generator's output frequency must be held within narrow limits to avoid malfunction.
390:
218:
363:
are exceptions. The BMW Rolls-Royces are limited to 240 kilometres per hour (149 mph).
864:
751:
703:
595:
516:
210:
149:
108:
232:
equation, which is used to determine the equilibrium of chemical reactions; also known as
8:
746:
693:
438:
187:
933:
887:"So Long Guv'nor: Mercedes Will Unlock Top Speed on AMG Models in the US, for a Price"
985:
847:
780:
631:
229:
56:
16:
This article is about the concept of self-limiting in mechanics. For other uses, see
1028:
567:
533:
386:. This was done to reduce the political desire to introduce a legal speed limit.
979:
623:
583:
398:
368:
352:
198:
176:
430:
351:
limit their production cars to 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph). Certain
115:
or fly-ball governor on a reciprocating steam engine, which uses the effect of
741:
681:
612:
442:
401:
cars can exceed the 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph) mark, whereas their
244:
240:
141:
128:
393:
sometimes choose to discount the agreement, meaning that certain high-powered
1061:
1032:
673:
661:
488:
348:
318:
194:
81:
865:"Why Japan finally got its foot off the brake | The Japan Times Online"
422:
356:
161:
239:
Governors were also to be found on early motor vehicles (such as the 1900
677:
608:
603:
500:
496:
410:
364:
180:
616:
575:
529:
372:
344:
289: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
248:
168:
112:
186:
The theoretical basis for the operation of governors was described by
559:
548:
327:
or protect the engine from damage due to excessive rotational speed.
217:
energy supplied to the intermediate substance, and the second is the
153:
656:
Operation of a flyball governor to control speeds of a water turbine
264:
716:
579:
570:
used to cool an air-cooled engine. The typical design includes an
564:
414:
402:
383:
157:
445:) to limit insurance costs of the vehicle, and reduce the risk of
627:
544:
426:
418:
406:
116:
97:
89:
955:"How does a small engine governor work? | Briggs & Stratton"
37:
919:
p.179 states: "Mopeds redefined to 30 mph maximum design speed"
541:
503:
and other emergency vehicles are exempt from this requirement.
492:
457:
101:
574:
mounted inside the engine's blower housing and linked to the
93:
906:"Reported Road Casualties Great Britain: 2008 Annual Report"
537:
468:
Public service vehicles often have a legislated top speed.
446:
394:
367:, although British, also have a limiter, as do the Swedish
340:
214:
611:
is linked to the throttle and controlled by an electronic
213:
depends on the balance of two entities. The first is the
73:
Device used to measure and regulate the speed of a machine
554:
Small engine governors are typically one of three types:
336:
903:
152:
were used to regulate the distance and pressure between
802:
The Early Work of
Willard Gibbs in Applied Mechanics
437:
Many performance cars are limited to a speed of 250
816:
Josiah
Willard Gibbs - the History of a Great Mind.
563:: the governor mechanism detects air flow from the
551:of the generator will remain reasonably constant.
1059:
193:Building on Watt's design was American engineer
470:Scheduled coach services in the United kingdom
226:On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
190:in 1868 in his seminal paper 'On Governors'.
884:
378:German manufacturers initially started the "
827:
773:A history of control engineering, 1930-1955
463:
830:"Gentlemen's Agreement: Not So Fast, Sir!"
36:
984:. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
804:, New York: Henry Schuman, pp. 63–78
305:Learn how and when to remove this message
145:Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine
642:
140:
132:
1014:"A Short History of Hydropower Control"
977:
799:
770:
764:
687:
167:It was not until the Scottish engineer
1060:
1011:
867:. Search.japantimes.co.jp. 2008-04-13
615:that senses engine speed by counting
287:adding citations to reliable sources
258:
42:Electronic governor or speed limiter
638:
13:
885:Mike Spinelli (11 February 2006).
14:
1084:
1012:Fasol, Karl Heinz (August 2002).
904:Department for Transport (2008).
254:
92:used to measure and regulate the
930:"History of British road safety"
854:, 9789090199078 . ISSN 1574-941X
523:
263:
63:
1005:
971:
947:
506:
375:on cars where it is necessary.
274:needs additional citations for
922:
897:
878:
857:
840:
821:
808:
793:
476:) are limited to 65 mph.
160:since the 17th century. Early
1:
1021:IEEE Control Systems Magazine
818:Woodbridge, CT: Ox Bow Press.
757:
698:For electrical generation on
528:Small engines, used to power
179:, produced some 500 rotative
828:Bogdan Popa (28 July 2012).
722:
700:synchronous electrical grids
7:
730:
710:
511:
434:reachable on public roads.
10:
1089:
691:
325:internal combustion engine
316:
126:
122:
22:
15:
959:www.briggsandstratton.com
482:
452:
207:thermodynamic equilibrium
107:A classic example is the
62:
55:
47:
35:
25:governor (disambiguation)
1073:Mechanical power control
1068:Mechanisms (engineering)
1033:10.1109/MCS.2002.1021646
771:Bennett, Stuart (1992).
464:Public services vehicles
666:steam turbine governing
330:
209:for any work producing
978:Rathore, M.M. (2010).
715:Governors are used in
657:
146:
138:
704:electrical generators
702:, prime movers drive
655:
391:General Motors Europe
389:In European markets,
380:gentlemen's agreement
150:Centrifugal governors
144:
136:
814:Wheeler, L. (1951).
752:Centrifugal governor
688:Electrical generator
361:Mercedes/McLaren SLR
283:improve this article
211:thermodynamic system
111:, also known as the
109:centrifugal governor
23:For other uses, see
981:Thermal engineering
747:Hit and miss engine
694:droop speed control
517:Aircraft propellers
439:kilometres per hour
188:James Clerk Maxwell
32:
1042:on 6 November 2015
658:
147:
139:
30:
991:978-0-07-068113-2
786:978-0-86341-299-8
653:
632:computer hardware
315:
314:
307:
234:Gibbs equilibrium
71:
70:
57:Electronic symbol
1080:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1035:. Archived from
1018:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
975:
969:
968:
966:
965:
951:
945:
944:
942:
941:
932:. Archived from
926:
920:
918:
916:
915:
910:
901:
895:
894:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
861:
855:
844:
838:
837:
825:
819:
812:
806:
805:
797:
791:
790:
768:
654:
639:Turbine controls
310:
303:
299:
296:
290:
267:
259:
67:
40:
33:
29:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1016:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
992:
976:
972:
963:
961:
953:
952:
948:
939:
937:
928:
927:
923:
913:
911:
908:
902:
898:
883:
879:
870:
868:
863:
862:
858:
845:
841:
826:
822:
813:
809:
798:
794:
787:
775:. IET. p.
769:
765:
760:
733:
725:
713:
696:
690:
643:
641:
624:ignition system
622:emitted by the
526:
514:
509:
485:
466:
455:
353:Audi Sport GmbH
333:
321:
311:
300:
294:
291:
280:
268:
257:
199:Yale University
177:Matthew Boulton
171:introduced the
131:
125:
74:
43:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1086:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1054:
1053:
1004:
990:
970:
946:
921:
896:
877:
856:
839:
820:
807:
792:
785:
762:
761:
759:
756:
755:
754:
749:
744:
742:Servomechanism
739:
732:
729:
724:
721:
712:
709:
692:Main article:
689:
686:
674:water turbines
662:steam turbines
640:
637:
636:
635:
600:
592:
525:
522:
513:
510:
508:
505:
489:heavy vehicles
484:
481:
465:
462:
454:
451:
359:cars, and the
332:
329:
317:Main article:
313:
312:
271:
269:
262:
256:
255:Speed limiters
253:
245:cruise control
241:Wilson-Pilcher
129:Control theory
124:
121:
117:inertial force
72:
69:
68:
60:
59:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
41:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1085:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1008:
993:
987:
983:
982:
974:
960:
956:
950:
936:on 2010-06-17
935:
931:
925:
907:
900:
892:
888:
881:
866:
860:
853:
849:
843:
835:
834:autoevolution
831:
824:
817:
811:
803:
796:
788:
782:
778:
774:
767:
763:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
728:
720:
718:
708:
705:
701:
695:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
667:
663:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:
601:
598:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
566:
562:
561:
557:
556:
555:
552:
550:
546:
543:
539:
535:
531:
524:Small engines
521:
518:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
480:
477:
475:
471:
461:
459:
450:
448:
444:
440:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:Mercedes-Benz
346:
342:
338:
328:
326:
320:
319:Speed limiter
309:
306:
298:
295:November 2009
288:
284:
278:
277:
272:This section
270:
266:
261:
260:
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
202:
200:
196:
195:Willard Gibbs
191:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
162:steam engines
159:
155:
151:
143:
135:
130:
120:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
100:, such as an
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:speed limiter
79:
66:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
26:
19:
18:Self-limiting
1044:. Retrieved
1037:the original
1027:(4): 68–76.
1024:
1020:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
980:
973:
962:. Retrieved
958:
949:
938:. Retrieved
934:the original
924:
912:. Retrieved
899:
890:
880:
869:. Retrieved
859:
842:
833:
823:
815:
810:
801:
795:
772:
766:
726:
714:
697:
671:
659:
602:
594:
558:
553:
527:
515:
507:Example uses
501:Fire engines
486:
478:
474:bus services
467:
456:
436:
423:Aston Martin
388:
377:
334:
322:
301:
292:
281:Please help
276:verification
273:
238:
233:
225:
223:
203:
192:
185:
181:beam engines
172:
166:
148:
106:
85:
77:
75:
678:wicket gate
609:servo motor
596:Centrifugal
588:equilibrium
532:, portable
530:lawn mowers
497:New Zealand
411:Lamborghini
249:Land Rovers
230:free energy
1062:Categories
1046:29 January
997:29 January
964:2018-03-22
940:2010-01-20
914:2010-01-09
871:2012-11-08
852:9090199071
758:References
617:electrical
604:Electronic
582:shaft. A
576:carburetor
534:generators
472:(and also
441:(155
345:Volkswagen
169:James Watt
154:millstones
127:See also:
86:controller
737:Regulator
723:Music box
717:elevators
560:Pneumatic
549:frequency
449:failing.
405:do not.
403:Cadillacs
158:windmills
891:Jalopnik
731:See also
711:Elevator
591:airflow.
580:throttle
572:air vane
565:flywheel
545:tractors
512:Aircraft
415:Maserati
399:Vauxhall
384:Autobahn
173:rotative
78:governor
31:Governor
628:voltage
427:Bentley
419:Porsche
407:Ferrari
365:Jaguars
335:Today,
123:History
98:machine
88:, is a
988:
850:
783:
664:, the
620:pulses
613:module
584:spring
568:blower
542:garden
536:, and
493:Europe
483:Trucks
458:Mopeds
453:Mopeds
102:engine
90:device
51:Switch
1040:(PDF)
1017:(PDF)
909:(PDF)
777:p. 48
447:tires
373:Volvo
96:of a
94:speed
80:, or
1048:2015
999:2015
986:ISBN
848:ISBN
781:ISBN
607:: a
540:and
538:lawn
495:and
487:All
431:300C
425:and
395:Opel
371:and
369:Saab
355:and
347:and
341:Audi
331:Cars
219:work
215:heat
113:Watt
48:Type
1029:doi
682:PID
672:In
660:In
578:'s
491:in
443:mph
397:or
357:AMG
337:BMW
285:by
156:in
84:or
1064::
1025:22
1023:.
1019:.
957:.
889:.
832:.
779:.
421:,
417:,
413:,
409:,
343:,
339:,
236:.
104:.
76:A
1050:.
1031::
1001:.
967:.
943:.
917:.
893:.
874:.
836:.
789:.
308:)
302:(
297:)
293:(
279:.
27:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.jpg)
