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of the steam engine, which checks and corrects any irregularities almost before they become evident; and in like manner no unbalanced deficiency in the animal kingdom can ever reach any conspicuous magnitude, because it would make itself felt at the very first step, by rendering existence difficult
167:
Governors can be built that do not use gravitational force, by using a single straight arm with weights on both ends, a center pivot attached to a spinning axle, and a spring that tries to force the weights towards the center of the spinning axle. The two weights on opposite ends of the pivot arm
163:
A limitation of the two-arm, two-ball governor is its reliance on gravity, and that the governor must stay upright relative to the surface of the Earth for gravity to retract the balls when the governor slows down.
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counterbalance any gravitational effects, but both weights use centrifugal force to work against the spring and attempt to rotate the pivot arm towards a perpendicular axis relative to the spinning axle.
23:
Drawing of a centrifugal "fly-ball" governor. The balls swing out as speed increases, which closes the valve, until a balance is achieved between demand and the proportional gain of the linkage and valve.
128:
The devices shown are on steam engines. Power is supplied to the governor from the engine's output shaft by a belt or chain connected to the lower belt wheel. The governor is connected to a
140:. As the speed of the prime mover increases, the central spindle of the governor rotates at a faster rate, and the kinetic energy of the balls increases. This allows the two
671:
296:
Another kind of centrifugal governor consists of a pair of masses on a spindle inside a cylinder, the masses or the cylinder being coated with pads, somewhat like a
324:, in which the representation of information cannot be clearly separated from the operations being applied to the representation. And, because the governor is a
100:
A simple governor does not maintain an exact speed but a speed range, since under increasing load the governor opens the throttle as the speed (RPM) decreases.
152:
of a throttle valve. The rate of working-fluid entering the cylinder is thus reduced and the speed of the prime mover is controlled, preventing over-speeding.
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78:(s), a development that proved so important he is sometimes called the inventor. Centrifugal governors' widest use was on steam engines during the
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on lever arms to move outwards and upwards against gravity. If the motion goes far enough, this motion causes the lever arms to pull down on a
672:
Granite Geek: "Manchester city flag celebrates one of the coolest inventions from the
Industrial Revolution – happily, they won’t change it"
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79:
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Cut-away drawing of steam engine speed governor. The valve starts fully open at zero speed, but as the balls rotate and rise, the central
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governor and one of the final series of innovations Watt had employed for steam engines. A giant statue of Watt's governor stands at
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201:(CVT), both to engage/disengage vehicle motion and to vary the transmission's pulley diameter ratio in relation to the engine
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Mechanical stops may be used to limit the range of throttle motion, as seen near the masses in the image at right.
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in the U.S. and is also used on the city flag. A 2017 effort to change the design was rejected by voters.
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Centrifugal governors, also known as "centrifugal regulators" and "fly-ball governors", were invented by
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is forced downward and closes the valve. The drive shaft whose speed is being sensed is top right
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James Watt designed his first governor in 1788 following a suggestion from his business partner
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The centrifugal governor is often used in the cognitive sciences as an example of a
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A stylized centrifugal governor is also part of the coat of arms of the
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654:. Complexity (publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) Volume 10, No 2, 2004
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47:, so as to maintain a near-constant speed. It uses the principle of
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Centrifugal governors' widest use was on steam engines during the
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Spring-retracted non-gravitational governors are commonly used in
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Mechanism for automatically controlling the speed of an engine
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328:, its analysis in a dynamic system is not trivial. In 1868,
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University of
Cambridge: Steam engines and control theory
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The action of this principle is exactly like that of the
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and used to regulate the distance and pressure between
58:
and used to regulate the distance and pressure between
35:
with a feedback system that controls the speed of an
435:A centrifugal governor is part of the city seal of
74:where it regulates the admission of steam into the
643:
344:. Maxwell distinguishes moderators (a centrifugal
186:when the motor's rotational speed is high enough.
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340:that is widely considered a classic in feedback
148:, which moves a beam linkage, which reduces the
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285:Centrifugal governors are used in many modern
714:
594:Maxwell, James Clerk (1868). "On Governors".
419:Bateson revisited the topic in his 1979 book
293:, so the repeater does not run too quickly.
267:in the 19th century. They are also found on
82:in the 19th century. They are also found on
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596:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
415:and extinction almost sure soon to follow.
563:Adaptive Control Processes: A Guided Tour
503:Adaptive Control Processes: A Guided Tour
124:Porter governor on a Corliss steam engine
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1596:Glossary of steam locomotive components
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560:Bellman, Richard E. (8 December 2015).
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500:Bellman, Richard E. (8 December 2015).
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221:Centrifugal governors were invented by
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402:used governors as a metaphor for the
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199:continuously variable transmissions
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1448:National Museum of Scotland engine
444:Swedish Work Environment Authority
421:Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity
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304:. This is used in a spring-loaded
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217:Boulton & Watt engine of 1788
132:valve that regulates the flow of
1686:Inventions by Christiaan Huygens
1630:List of steam technology patents
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384:In his famous 1858 paper to the
652:"Wallace's Unfinished Business"
352:input. He considers devices by
189:They are also commonly used in
1615:Murdoch's model steam carriage
1601:History of steam road vehicles
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566:. Princeton University Press.
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506:. Princeton University Press.
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348:) and governors which control
66:in the 17th century. In 1788,
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1542:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
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1265:Return connecting rod engine
549:, Cambridge University Press
489:, Cambridge University Press
159:Non-gravitational regulation
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7:
1189:Condensing steam locomotive
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272:internal combustion engines
87:internal combustion engines
70:adapted one to control his
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1496:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
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289:to limit the speed of the
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39:by regulating the flow of
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583:– via Google Books.
545:Hills, Richard L (1996),
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485:Hills, Richard L (1996),
437:Manchester, New Hampshire
312:dial to limit the speed.
182:to turn off the starting
1696:Mechanisms (engineering)
1691:Mechanical power control
1341:Newcomen Memorial Engine
629:Wallace, Alfred Russel.
395:On the Origin of Species
1645:Timeline of steam power
1640:Stationary steam engine
1523:Woolf's compound engine
1430:Soho Manufactory engine
1285:Steeple compound engine
952:straight line mechanism
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1711:Steam engine governors
1650:Water-returning engine
1624:Lean's Engine Reporter
1397:Chacewater Mine engine
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608:10.1098/rspl.1867.0055
456:Cataract (beam engine)
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404:evolutionary principle
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136:(steam) supplying the
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31:is a specific type of
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1490:London Steam Carriage
693:Centrifugal governors
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400:Alfred Russel Wallace
376:(a liquid governor).
332:wrote a famous paper
278:, and in some modern
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89:and variously fueled
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1436:Bradley Works engine
1260:Reciprocating engine
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926:Centrifugal governor
695:at Wikimedia Commons
412:centrifugal governor
374:Carl Wilhelm Siemens
308:and a spring-loaded
49:proportional control
29:centrifugal governor
1706:Scottish inventions
977:Sun and planet gear
547:Power From the Wind
466:Hit and miss engine
330:James Clerk Maxwell
195:all-terrain vehicle
176:alternating current
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889:Gresley conjugated
650:Smith, Charles H.
461:Centrifugal switch
298:centrifugal clutch
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1280:Safety valve
1209:"Pickle-pot"
1103:Thimble tube
925:
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656:. Retrieved
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577:. Retrieved
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350:motive power
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1681:Cybernetics
1366:Watt engine
1166:Oscillating
1122:Boiler feed
967:Plate chain
946:Tusi couple
859:Walschaerts
744:Atmospheric
602:: 270–283.
392:to publish
240:. It was a
138:prime mover
1665:Categories
1575:Ljungström
1561:High-speed
1454:Lap Engine
1410:Resolution
1314:Precursors
1199:Kirchweger
1161:Locomotive
1108:Three-drum
1088:Field-tube
1055:Locomotive
1037:Lancashire
957:Link chain
941:Crankshaft
908:Mechanisms
836:Valve gear
658:2007-05-11
636:2009-04-18
472:References
354:James Watt
302:drum brake
269:stationary
227:millstones
191:snowmobile
184:field coil
114:valve stem
84:stationary
68:James Watt
60:millstones
1606:Cugnot's
1549:Salamanca
1250:Hydrolock
1235:Crosshead
1181:Condenser
1017:Egg-ended
310:telephone
265:Steam Age
246:Smethwick
231:windmills
104:Operation
80:Steam Age
64:windmills
1589:See also
1515:Compound
1390:Old Bess
1230:Blowback
1153:Cylinder
1139:Injector
1098:Stirling
1093:Sentinel
1007:Haystack
921:Cataract
894:Southern
884:Caprotti
759:Compound
579:13 April
519:13 April
450:See also
276:turbines
150:aperture
130:throttle
91:turbines
76:cylinder
33:governor
1305:History
1214:Surface
1032:Cornish
992:Boilers
874:Corliss
811:Corliss
794:D slide
764:Uniflow
754:Cornish
431:Culture
250:English
248:in the
209:History
1617:(1784)
1611:(1769)
1577:(1908)
1571:(1862)
1552:(1812)
1544:(1805)
1534:Murray
1525:(1803)
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1351:(1760)
1343:(1725)
1324:(1698)
1290:Stroke
1255:Piston
1240:Cutoff
1113:Yarrow
1065:Launch
1060:Scotch
821:Sleeve
816:Poppet
801:Piston
782:Valves
774:Valves
616:112510
614:
570:
510:
390:Darwin
197:(ATV)
142:masses
37:engine
1223:Other
1027:Flued
1012:Wagon
936:Crank
879:Lentz
869:Baker
864:Allan
789:Slide
612:JSTOR
346:brake
300:or a
178:(AC)
1375:Beam
916:Beam
826:Bash
806:Drop
749:Watt
581:2018
568:ISBN
521:2018
508:ISBN
372:and
259:Uses
193:and
41:fuel
1194:Jet
1022:Box
854:Joy
844:Gab
604:doi
229:in
62:in
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