Singidunum - Knowledge

1473:. When the underground garage was dug, 19 tombs were discovered. In 2008 in Čika Ljubina Street remains of the house from the 4th century was discovered, which included the part of the floor and doorstep of the main entry door. Part of the walls was decorated with frescoes. Similar findings are discovered in the streets of Kosančićev Venac and Tadeuša Košćuškog. Also in 2008 remains from the late Antiquity were found, while at the corner of Takovska and Kosovska streets. Roman tombs were discovered. Remnants of the Roman castrum from the 2nd century were discovered beneath Tadeuša Košćuškog during the reconstruction in June 2009, they were conserved and reburied. In Cincar Jankova Street, five graves from the late 1st century were discovered so as three canals. Archaeologists expected to find a southeastern route of the castrum ramparts, but due to the 739:. At first, the fortress was set up as earthen bulwarks and wooden palisades, but soon after, it was fortified with stone as the first stone fort in Belgrade's history. The remains can be seen today near the northeastern corner of the acropolis. The legion also constructed a pontoon bridge over the Sava, connecting Singidunum with Taurunum. Connecting this way Via Militaris with the western parts of the empire, Singidunum became a major crossroad, not only for the local provinces (Moesia, Dacia, Pannonia, Dalmatia). The 6,000-strong legion became a major military asset against the continuous threat of the Dacians just across the Danube. Another step the Romans took to help strengthen Singidunum was the settlement of its legion veterans next to the fortress. In time, a large settlement grew out from around the 1447:(room with the two pools of hot water). The site became an archaeological dig in 1969 and 8 rooms in total were discovered, including the remains of the brick furnace which heated the water. It was a public unisex bath dated to 3rd or 4th century. The entire area of the park is actually within the borders of the "Protected zone of Roman Singidunum". It is situated in the area that used to be the civilian sector of the city, outside the fortress. The remnants were visible until 1978 and due to the lack of funds to continue excavations or to cover it with the roof or a marquee, the remains were conserved and buried again. Remains of another thermae on the nearby Faculty of Philosophy Plateau are still visible and used as benches. 1282:

Studentski Trg and construction of the underground garage. Construction of the two-level underground garage is criticized both by the public and experts, as the archaeological locality beneath the park has not been properly explored, historically or archaeologically, and now all the Roman and later Byzantine remains will be permanently destroyed. It was the first among the most important urban zones of old Belgrade and is especially important as the locality of ancient Singidunum which developed along the Terazije ridge. The area of the square was described as having the deepest "cultural and historical sedimentation" in the city and as the original source of the urban culture of Belgrade.

79: 703: 1001:, dating from c. 300 and discovered in 1895. Evidence points to the tomb of a wealthy local (a military commander or a high ranked Singidunum clerk who was awarded with an estate), but the popular belief is that Hermylus and Stratonicus, the Christian "martyrs of Singidunum", were buried there. Three monumental stones, heavy up to 2 tones each, were also discovered. Carved reliefs point to some large public building from before the 4th century. Well preserved bust of emperor 1129:'s central building began digging up on the surface the old coins, head of a sculpture, pottery pieces and numerous other objects. The National Museum in Zemun was notified and archaeologists examined the site. It was concluded that it was a Roman fort on the former Sirmium-Singidunum road. The previously unknown settlement was squarely shaped with the sides of 3 km (1.9 mi) and, at the time of discovery, was the largest known "outer suburb" of Singidunum. 1144: 1327:. The grave was made from the reused parts of stele. The sandstone plaque had a niche with a human bust and an inscription naming Valerius Longinus as a builder of the memorial for his son, a veteran Valerius Maximinus. There was another tombstone, crushed into pieces, dedicated by Maximinus' wife. Several other well preserved graves were discovered in the direction of the Pop Lukina and Karađorđeva streets. Further discoveries in the area during the 1194:. Over the next two hundred years, the city passed hands several times: the Romans reclaimed the city after the fall of the Hun confederation in 454, but the Sarmatians conquered the city shortly thereafter. In 470 the Ostrogoths seized the city around, expelling the Sarmatians. The city was later invaded by Gepids in 488, but the Ostrogoths recaptured it in 504. Six years later the Eastern Roman Empire reclaimed the city according to a peace treaty. 1262: 51: 402: 853: 86: 607: 904:. Necropolis at Republic Square contained a well-shaped graves from the 1st century AD. In general, the largest section of the civilian settlement was situated between the modern Simina and Brankova streets, and the Republic Square. As for the Fortress itself, the rectangular castrum covered what is today the Upper Town of the Fortress and the 864:, temples, planned, structured and paved streets, aqueduct, sewage system, etc. The town took on a rectilinear construction, with its streets meeting at right angles. The grid structure can be seen in today's Belgrade with the orientation of the streets Uzun Mirkova, Dušanova, and Kralja Petra I. Studentski Trg (Students' Square) was a Roman 1371:, worshiped in the region as the protector of silver mines. The entire surrounding slope around the Gospodar Jevremova was a necropolis, so the temple was probably part of it, since Hecate's temples were usually built on the cemeteries. The beam ends in a step-like manner, so the temple was probably built in the 1339:), found in Kamenička Street. When the foundations for the building of the Medical Association were dug, more than 4 kg of the Late Roman coins were discovered. They originated from the 5th century. Some remains were also discovered during the 2018 construction of the hotel at 20 Jug Bogdanova Street. 1206:, Singidunum served as a base of operations, but it was lost again in the early half of the 7th century when the Avars sacked and burned Singidunum to the ground. The destruction of Singidunum and the collapse of the entire Limes Moesiae by the Avars occurred before 614 when Avars attacked the town of 1070:

mountain proved to be suitable for building, so the Romans built a fortified outpost, probably on the foundations of the older Celtic one. Apart from guarding and controlling the access roads to Singidunum, the outpost was also important for the protection of the numerous mines on the mountain, which

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and Tadeuša Košćuškog Street. Of the remaining area, only a small part was explored. Northwest rampart with towers is explored to the higher degree, while the urban street grid and locations of soldier barracks can be deduced. In July 2016 city administration announced the complete reconstruction of

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In 2004 digging for the future shopping mall in Rajićeva Street began, next to the Knez Mihailova. Remains of the antique and late antique layers were discovered, so as the remains of the southwest rampart route and double trench in the direction of Kralja Petra. The trench from the 3rd century was

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The original earthen and wooden fort stretched around the Studentski Trg and Knez Mihailova Street. The oldest Roman graves were discovered in this section, dated to the 1st and early 2nd century. In the Lower Town section of today's Fortress, remains from the 2nd and 3rd centuries were discovered.

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The area between the rivers and the castrum, Sava and Danube's alluvial plane, was occupied by a suburb Lower Town. Located below the castrum, it was protected by the ramparts and towers. South of the fort there was another suburb, a civilian Roman town. Next to the Lower Town, on the right bank of

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rebuilt Singidunum from scratch in 535, restoring the fortress and city to its former military importance. Singidunum became an important border stronghold, however, Justinian rebuilt only the area within the former legion's camp. The city saw a brief peaceful period of about fifty years, but was

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in the Kralja Petra Street is situated. Another thermae were located in the Čika Ljubina Street. The entire settlement was surrounded by vast necropolises, while the main and the largest one stretched along the Via Militaris in the direction of Viminacium, today's Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra where

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After its fall to the Avars in the early 7th century, the ancient city ceases to be mentioned, and its fate on the subsequent centuries is obscure. There are no available historical records which mention settlement on this location from the late 6th century to the second half of the 9th century.

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During the digging of the foundations for the Monument to Prince Michael in 1882, tombs from different periods of Roman rule were discovered. One tomb was made from bricks, and there were 13 circular and 2 rectangle grave pits. Some of them are "well-tombs", named so because they are more than

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and stone statues, fan-shaped floor tiles, bronze and bone needles, bricks, rushlights, etc. The pits were filled with ashes and contained animal bones. Coins and bronze rings, parts of the armor, have also been discovered. These "well-tombs" are considered to be the oldest part of the vast

876:(a public bath complex whose remains were discovered during the 1970s) and also preserves the orientation the Romans gave Singidunum. Other remnants of Roman material culture such as tombs, monuments, sculptures, ceramics, and coins have been found villages and towns surrounding Belgrade. 560:), implying that this was originally a site of Celtic religious significance, in addition to becoming a fortress (dun). This would also fit in with the ancient Celtic burial practice remnants there. However, etymologically speaking this is extremely unlikely. The Modern Irish form is 2836: 989:

The main town and fortress in the vicinity of Singidunum was Taurunum, modern Zemun, across the Sava, on the right bank of the Danube. The Celtic settlement became Roman town in the 1st century AD and was later turned into the harbor for the Singidunum's Pannonian fleet.

320:. These contained valuable artistic artefacts, that belong to the warriors of the Scordiscan tribe. A considerable Celtic cultural influences have been woven into the spiritual culture of the Singidunum inhabitants, and later mixed with Roman classical cultural elements. 1451:

buried and full of coins, lamps, ceramics and jars. Next to this locality, at the corner of Knez Mihailova and Kralja Petra, an area paved with the cobblestone dating from the 2nd century was discovered. It was a public space right before the entrance into the fortress.

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There is only limited archaeological evidence from the city's foundational period as there were almost no traces left of the Celtic town, except for some burial sites with grave goods - the necropolises found at the locations in the modern neighborhoods of

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Later development of Belgrade destroyed over 80% of the cultural layer within the today protected zone of the Ancient Singidunum, that is, of the civilian settlement and necropolises. Only three sections were dug, conserved and reburied: Akademski Park,

1102:. In the 3rd century AD, the Kosmaj mines were one of the most important in the Roman Empire, and were administered by the Roman procurator Babenius, whose name is preserved in the name of the Babe village. In the 1970s and 1980s, experts from the 779:. Singidunum and Moesia experienced a peaceful period, but that was not to last, due to the growing turmoil not only from outside the Roman Empire, but also from within. When the province of Moesia was divided in two, Singidunum became part of the 1358:

beam, with an inscription in Latin dedicated to Hecate, was discovered at the depth of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). The inscription was written by Valerius Crescentio, a legionary of the Legio IV Flavia Felix, in the service of the emperor

1114:. It is estimated that there are some 100 ancient mining shafts on Kosmaj, which go 2 km (1.2 mi) below the ground and are 25 km (16 mi) wide. After the Roman period, mining activities ceased, only being revived in the 1304:

Singidunum necropolis, originating from c.100 AD, while the brick tomb is dated to c.400 and some of its bricks have a stamp of the Legio IV Flavia Felix. During the 2018-2019 renovation, two additional, devastated tombs were discovered.

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and other tribes. The Romans had victories during these campaigns, but only stayed briefly, leaving the area outside of Roman control. Thus, very little is known about these operations or when the area was organized into the province of

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names several tribes which inhabited the area in the 5th century BC: Sighnis, Graukens and Sinds, which, after the linguistic changes in the later Celtic and Roman periods, ultimately gave the name to the settlement. The Sinds were a

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and then proconsul of Macedonia, finally stabilized the region with a campaign beginning in 29 BC Moesia was formally organized into a province some time before 6 AD, when the first mention of its governor, Caecina Severus, is made.

943:. Archeological remnants of the Roman road can still be seen below the "Depo", former depot of the city's public transportation company. Majority of boulevard's course is part of the "Ancient Singidunum" archeological locality. 1090:, a spring was discovered in the valley of the Pruten Creek. In the process, a hidden entry into the vast complex of Roman mines was discovered, too, being obscured for centuries. There is evidence of the extraction of 1477:

in the area and the leveling of the terrain, the route was destroyed in time. Remnants discovered in Kosančićev Venac are actually remains of the luxurious villa, with the floor mosaic and walls decorated in frescoes.

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The area covered by Singidunum spreads over the territory of 5 modern municipalities of Belgrade. Castrum occupied part of today's Belgrade Fortress. Civilian zone spread from the Kralja Petra Street, over the both

364:, former separate town and now part of Belgrade, was also founded by the Scordisci, about the same time when they founded Singidunum. Evidence of their dwelling was also found in the suburban villages of 1202:

then sacked with the arrival of the Avars in 584, though the Byzantines recaptured it in 596. The city remained under the constant attacks of the Avars and their allies at the time, Slavs. During

337:. Since it is not known for sure where the Celtic fort was, some historians suggest that it was rather close to the necropolises in Karaburma and Rospi Ćuprija. Celtic settlements belonged to the 809:

Although continuing to be overshadowed by Sirmium, during the 4th century the city remained an important military outpost. It also became a seat of the bishopric, and was a major center of

1299:, was discovered close to the Čika Ljubina Street, while the other pits were where the monument is today. The materials found in the tombs include pottery fragments and vessels, pieces of 2890: 1024:. The name originated from three distinctive hills dominating the landscape, one of which sank or was simply washed away into the Danube later. The settlement gave name to the Romanized 912:

limestone and spread over the area of 16 ha (40 acres) to 20 ha (49 acres), being shaped as an irregular rectangle (approximately 570 by 330 m (1,870 by 1,080 ft)).

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and then continued further to the castrum. Both Mokri Lug and Kumodraž are hills, so the natural inclination allowed for the water to flow downhill to Singidunum. The modern area of

683:), both of which overshadowed Singidunum in significance, and just across the Sava River from Taurunum, in Pannonia. Singidunum became an important and strategic position along the 1190:. Singidunum fell to the Huns in 441, who razed the city and fortress to the ground, selling its Roman inhabitants into slavery, which they have done with all the cities along the 553:, while the other moved to the modern Belgrade area. The latest archaeological and linguistic researches showed that the Sinds inhabited the region in the 5th and 4th century BC. 946:

The Romans were extracting stone from the quarry located in the modern neighborhood of Tašmajdan, using it for the building of Singidunum, and for many surviving sarcophagi. An

1248:("bishop of Belgrade"). Under the new name, Belgrade would eventually be restored to its earlier strategic significance, especially after it was reconquered by the Byzantines. 721:

which was transferred to the city in 86 AD and remained there most of the time until the mid 5th century. The presence of Legio IV prompted the construction of a square-shaped

763:, which were confirmed in 169. That means it had a local autonomy, statute and laws. Singidunum outgrew this status and became a full-fledged colony in 239. The Roman Emperor 3123: 1435:

of the Belgrade's City Committee of the League of Communists located nearby. Under the lawn, the remnants of the ancient Roman thermae were discovered, including the

1315:. The remains were discovered during the construction works in the 1930s when the Brankova Street was extended to the Sava river, to make a connection to the future 2880: 970:, and the main pedestrian zone, Knez Mihailova Street, which was one of the main access roads to the city and today still follows the original Roman street grid. 1244:. The Slavic settlement obviously existed for a while as the new name was evidently accepted, while the city was a seat of a bishopric since the pope mentions 802:, faced with the sudden loss of many provinces and major damage done by invading tribes, abandoned Dacia altogether. Singidunum found itself once again on the 2922: 786:

The city peaked, especially when it comes to culture, in the 3rd century. The Roman Empire began to decline at the end of the 3rd century. The province of

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https://web.archive.org/web/20091123101235/http://www.beogradskatvrdjava.co.rs/start/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=378

775:, was born in Singidunum in 332. Jovian is today popularly named as the "only Roman emperor born in Belgrade", and has a street in the neighborhood of 1312: 1354:, a sort of "descent to Hades", was discovered in 1935. As foundations for a new building were being dug, a 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long 1367:. It is one of the rare findings of Hecate in Serbia. Her cult wasn't developed in this area and she was mostly identified with the Roman goddess 522:), hence "round fort", or that it could be named after the Sings, a Thracian tribe that occupied the area prior to the arrival of the Scordisci. 1454:

During almost every construction downtown where digging is involved, more remains are being discovered. In 2007, on the location of the former

997:, to the east, with three localized archaeological locations: "Podunavlje-Hladna Voda-Vrtlog-Mikulje", "Beli Breg" and "Goli Breg". There is a 3128: 261:

A large part of Belgrade's downtown belongs to the "Archaeological Site of Singidunum", which was declared a protected zone on 30 June 1964.

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was also rich in ores which were excavated by the Romans. In July 2000, during the excavations for the new sports complex in the village of

2784: 1075:. The outpost was some 100 m (330 ft) below the top of the mountain. The outpost was a base for the future medieval fortress of 2723:"Да ли знате: по коме је Београд добио своје прво име Сингидунум?" [Did you know: who gave Belgrade its first name Singidunum?]. 840:, the Roman Empire was split into two, with Singidunum lying on the northwestern border of the Eastern Roman Empire (better known as the 308:). They are credited with establishing Singidunum, which was mentioned for the first time in 279 BC, as an already fortified settlement. 2531: 3103: 2915: 2601: 2865: 2816: 1494:

and Ritopek. The Scythian styled pendant from the 5th century BC have been discovered in Ritopek, a representation of a stylized

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https://web.archive.org/web/20100304221732/http://www.pks.rs/abc/Countryprofile/Belgrade/tabid/1136/language/en-US/Default.aspx

1363:. It is roughly dated at c.235 AD. It disappeared after it was discovered, but was found decades later and handed over to the 2479: 2448: 2425: 626: 556:

Another possibility is that it is a composite name the first part of which (Sin-gi) means "Old prayer" ("sean guí" in modern

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Borislav Stojkov (4 November 2017). "Da li se građani za nešto pitaju" [Are citizens being asked about anything?].

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of the fading Empire, one of the last major strongholds to survive mounting danger from the invading barbarian tribes.

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10 m (33 ft) deep. The "well-tombs" are rare in these areas and it is believed that the custom arrived from

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Aleksandra Mijalković (13 August 2017). "Vlastelinska grobnica u Brestoviku" [Nobleman's tomb in Brestovik].

2516: 2402: 2379: 2356: 2333: 2307: 2272: 2229: 2189: 2168: 2144: 1319:. At 16 Brankova Street a Roman tomb was discovered in 1931, with ceramics and coins from the period of the emperors 485: 2711: 927:, and in more local terms, Singidunum with fortresses and settlements along the Danube border of the Empire, like 445: 2544: 1162:

In the 5th and 6th centuries, Moesia and Illyricum suffered devastating raids by the successive invasions of the

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In the area bounded by the modern Karaburma, Rospi Ćuprija and, at that time island, Ada Huja, Romans cultivated

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Milan Janković (30 May 2011). "Voda kulja iz kosmajskih rudnika" [Water pouring from the Kosmaj mines].

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Ana Vuković (8 November 2018). "Tragom Skordiska u našem gradu" [Trails of the Scordisci in our city].

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Aleksandar Todorović (30 October 2017a). "Avala krije svoje tajne" [Avala is hiding its secrets].

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and their size on the lower side of the beam point to existing of two columns and a probable rectangular

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above it. There is a possibility, due to the terrain, that the temple was actually dug into the slope.

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were exploited by the Romans. They were extracting lead, zinc, silver and mercury, close to the modern

893: 630: 434: 2779:[Avala Mountain: medieval fortified town of Žrnov, also called Žrnovan, defender of Belgrade]. 331:

still stands today. Celts also lived in small, open and fortified settlements around the fort, called

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The southwestern necropolis, dating from the 3rd century, was located in the modern neighborhoods of

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explored the area and discovered many mining necropolis, centered around the villages of Babe,

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Modern Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra was a starting section of the 924 km (574 mi) long

545:, a branch of the tribe split in the 6th century BC and migrated to the southern parts of the 2817:"The Society of the living – the Community of the dead (from Neolithic to the Christian Era)" 1316: 1225:("white city"), after the white Tašmajdan limestone, which Romans used to build the castrum. 889: 744: 715: 633:, invaded the Balkan interior as far as the Danube, in an effort to drive out the Scordisci, 239: 20: 931:. Built in the 1st century AD, the road was 6 m (20 ft) wide, with rows of shops, 2631:"Otkriveno rimsko nalazište u Zemun-polju" [Roman find in Zemun-Polje discovered]. 1718: 691: 514:, though the only word with a similar form recorded in other Celtic languages is Old Irish 2264:

The Emperor Maurice and his Historian: Theophylact Simocatta on Persian and Balkan warfare

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Tricornium was one of the forts, built to protect the Via Militaris. Other forts include

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Its Slavic name was mentioned for the first time in a letter written on 16 April 878 by

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became permanently stationed in Singidunum, except for a break between 108 and 118/9 at

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in 584. At the beginning of the 7th century, the Singidunum fort was finally destroyed.

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Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire

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The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700

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Castrul legiunii IIII Flavia de la Berzovia. Săpăturile arheologice din anii 1965–1968

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The remains of the Scordisci habitation have also been found in the neighborhoods of

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was garrisoned there since 86 AD. Singidunum was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor

60: 2777:"Planina Avala: srednjovekovni utvrđeni grad Žrnov, zvan i Žrnovan, branik Beograda" 1490:, have been discovered in the modern neighborhoods and suburbs of Karaburma, Zemun, 1155: 2828: 1347: 1336: 1147: 978: 955: 841: 836:. The city was only partially restored after this event. In 395, upon the death of 832:

Singidunum was damaged on a large scale for the first time in 378, by the invading

776: 764: 689:, an important Roman road connecting fortresses and settlements along the Danubian 610: 243: 193: 1126: 317: 3093: 2534:[King Alexander Boulevard - a modern avenue with the charm of the past]. 2295: 2262: 2251: 2219: 2179: 2158: 2134: 1360: 1179: 1115: 1107: 959: 905: 780: 647: 546: 251: 2604:[Ada Huja becomes an excursion site and a residential-commercial zone]. 1278: 300:, settled around the strategic hilltop at the meeting of the two rivers (modern 2885: 2860: 2855: 1424: 1229: 1151: 1013: 1009:, halfway between Belgrade and Brestovik, and close to the ancient Tricornium. 993:

There are remains from the Singidunum period in the modern suburban village of

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from 46 AD to 69 AD. Early Singidunum reached its height with the arrival of

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Branka Vasiljević (interview with archaeologist Rade Milić) (21 July 2018).

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On the crossroad of the Gospodar Jevremova and Kneginje Ljubice streets, in

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the Danube, there was a port, which was operational until the 18th century.

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soldier Aurelius Herculanus has been found and many other artifacts of the

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The original military camp was probably occupied by the soldiers from the

2840: 2787:[Pectoral (shield)]. Virtuelni muzej Dunava. 2012. Archived from 1991: 1436: 1428: 1372: 1328: 1198: 1122: 345: 255: 2714:[Hecate place of worship, a place for descending in the Hades]. 2008: 2006: 1143: 951: 510:

there are several theories including those that it is a Celtic word for

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occurred in the 4th and 3rd century BC. One of the Celtic tribes, the

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In 1963, a tractor which was plowing the land in the neighborhood of

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conquered the area in 75 BC and incorporated it into the province of

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They include thermae, residential objects and a shrine dedicated to

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However, the Slavs settled the city during this period and named it

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such as silver coins that were washed ashore once the dam of the

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The Celtic fortification was a primitive one, located on top of

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Remains were found near Karaburma and Rospi Ćuprija, including

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ridge, above the confluence of the Sava into the Danube, where

301: 231: 211: 41: 2999: 2388: 2054: 1787: 1732: 1207: 518:"narrow, slender, good-looking; ant" (Modern Irish and Gaelic 2666:[We leave he history of Singidunum to the oblivion]. 2365: 2090: 1997: 1967: 1619: 1384: 1183: 1171: 1067: 932: 833: 795: 790:, established by several successful and lengthy campaigns by 787: 538: 361: 292:

tribes traversed the region in 7th and 6th centuries BC. The

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streets, which follow the original grid layout of Singidunum

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Marija Brakočević & Dejan Aleksić (21 February 2016).

1609: 1607: 1605: 966:. Aqueducts passed through the modern center of Belgrade, 743:. The main axis of urban development was along the modern 606: 2808: 2602:"Ada Huja postaje izletište i stambeno-komercijalna zona" 2342: 2018: 2012: 1945: 1943: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 954:

area. At some point it was joining the aqueduct from the

2783: 2562:[View from the sky and underground adventures]. 1934: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1719:

http://www.muzeulbanatului.ro/publicatii/anale_10_04.pdf

1379:, which would be expected in Singidunum. Impressions of 579: 573: 567: 332: 2557: 2519:[Belgrade on the remains of the Roman Empire]. 2464:

Serbian Encyclopedia, Vol. I, Book 2, Beograd-Buštranje

1838: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 2683: 2661: 2630: 2612: 2575:[Journey through history by Belgrade subway]. 2529: 2460:Српска енциклопедија, том 1, књига 2, Београд-Буштрање 2395:

Little encyclopedia Prosveta, 4th edition, Vol. 1, A-J

2316: 2084: 2036: 1985: 1961: 1940: 1814: 1582: 1576: 1534: 1132: 222:

settled the area in the 3rd century BC, following the

206:) was an ancient city which later evolved into modern 2757: 2744: 2709: 2674: 2570: 2474:, Zavod za udžbenike, Novi Sad-Belgrade. p. 37. 2072: 2048: 1850: 1738: 1687: 1564: 794:, began to collapse under pressure from the invading 499: 218:

origin, going back to the time when the Celtic tribe

2648: 2639: 2583: 2391:Мала енциклопедија Просвета, 4. иѕдање, књига 1, А-Ј 1922: 1910: 1862: 1650: 621:

The Romans first began to conquer lands surrounding

2596: 2542: 2443:]. Zavod za udžbenike, Belgrade. p. 1006. 2345:Енциклопедија Британика - сажето издање, књига 8, С 2184:. Merchantville, New Jersey: Evolution Publishing. 1874: 1826: 1775: 1465:, several necropolises were found. Just across, in 1005:(ruled 217–218) is discovered in modern village of 939:, while Romans were buried along the road in stone 908:. The castrum had tall walls, built from the white 3124:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC 2823: 2736:[Roman necropolises around Zeleni Venac]. 2731: 2514: 2060: 1892: 1880: 1802: 1644: 2722: 2696: 2621: 2420:]. Zavod za udžbenike, Belgrade. p. 89. 2096: 1973: 1702: 1427:, was excavated in 1968 during the building of a 1335:shaped earring from the early Middle Ages (Great 506:"enclosure, fortress" as its second element. For 3085: 2160:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 584:"beg, implore, pray". Given the age of the name 2930: 2747:"Jedinstveni grobovi bunari s kraja prvog veka" 2412:Srboljub Stanković (2008). Radoš Ljušić (ed.). 1461:at the corner of Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra and 860:The city was urbanistically arranged. It had a 2701:[Roman thermae beneath Academy Park]. 2688:[Arrangement of Academy Park begins]. 2500:"The Slavs in the 6th Century North Illyricum" 2374:]. Narodna Knjiga, Politika. p. 116. 2368:Српска породична енциклопедија, књига 3, Ба-Би 2328:]. Narodna Knjiga, Politika. p. 131. 2916: 2803: 2573:"Putovanje kroz istoriju beogradskim metroom" 2435:Miroslav Vujović (2008). Radoš Ljušić (ed.). 2351:]. Narodna Knjiga, Politika. p. 86. 2024: 892:, extending in a series of necropolises from 747:, which was the main route of communication ( 727:(fort), which occupied Upper Town of today's 201: 2886:http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201172 2819:. University "Lucian Blaga", Sibiu, Romania. 2653:[Mysterious stones from Brestovik]. 2326:Britannica pocked encyclopaedia, Vol. 1, A-B 2256:. Institut za izučavanje istorije Vojvodine. 2102: 813:until late in the century, with its bishops 537:. Originally inhabiting the area around the 2458:Marko Popović (2011). Dragan Stanić (ed.). 2411: 2372:Serbian family encynclopedia, Vol. 3, Ba-Bi 1613: 1395:. The forum, which included the temples of 561: 2923: 2909: 2861:Official Site of Beograd: Byzantine Empire 2775: 2712:"Hekatino svetilište, mesto silaska u Had" 2664:"Istoriju Singidunuma prepuštamo zaboravu" 2349:Britannica pocked encyclopaedia, Vol. 8, S 1949: 1016:for "three-horned fortification"), modern 2588:[Pedestrian empire of 30 years]. 2457: 2434: 2249: 2163:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2139:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1769: 1675: 486:Learn how and when to remove this message 16:Ancient city that became Belgrade, Serbia 2856:Official Site of Beograd: Ancient Period 2497: 2397:]. Prosveta, Belgrade. p. 227. 1416:and sacrificial altars were discovered. 1260: 1142: 851: 701: 605: 2835: 2320:Енциклопедија Британика - сажето издање 2290: 1781: 1549: 1046:Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station 3086: 2727:(in Serbian). 18 May 2018. p. 30. 2684:Branka Vasiljević (14 November 2011). 2584:Daliborka Mučibabić (4 January 2017). 2260: 2242:A manual of ancient and modern history 2238: 2198: 1898: 1886: 1481: 950:used to conduct water from the modern 2904: 2745:Branka Vasiljević (6 November 2018). 2710:Branka Vasiljević (15 January 2018). 2699:"Rimske terme ispod Akademskog parka" 2662:Miroljub Kojović (30 October 2017b). 2517:"Beograd na ostacima Rimskog carstva" 2217: 2177: 2153: 2129: 625:during the 1st century BC. In 75 BC, 3129:Roman legionary fortresses in Serbia 2825:"Discover Belgrade - Ancient period" 2734:"Rimske nekropole oko Zelenog venca" 2651:"Misteriozni kamenovi iz Brestovika" 2472:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 424:adding citations to reliable sources 395: 3074:List of Roman place names in Serbia 2876:Inscriptions de la Mésie supérieure 2805:"Ovako će izgledati Studentski trg" 2686:"Počinje uređenje Akademskog parka" 2560:"Pogled s neba i podzemne avanture" 2558:Branka Jakšić (24 September 2017). 2525:(in Serbian). pp. 01 & 09. 2504:Гласник Српског археолошког друштва 1407:, where the modern building of the 1240:, as Belgrade was then part of the 1133:Byzantine rule and Migration Period 962:was a location of three additional 13: 2586:"Pešačko carstvo od trideset leta" 2515:Marija Brakočević (16 June 2009). 2300:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 2181:The Fragmentary History of Priscus 1733:Little encyclopedia Prosveta, 1986 1523:Archaeological Site Pionirski Park 1471:Archaeological Site Pionirski Park 1295:. The brick tomb, which contained 1269:in the older layers of the modern 578:being from the Common Celtic stem 234:. It was an important fort of the 85: 14: 3140: 2849: 2697:Branka Vasiljević (27 May 2009). 2389:Borislav Blagojević, ed. (1986). 1998:Serbian family encyclopedia, 2006 1020:, had an important military camp 923:, which connected Singidunum and 821:leading local resistance against 757:granted Singidunum the rights of 3104:Roman towns and cities in Serbia 2896:Necropolises of Roman Singidunum 2815: 2571:Nikola Bilić (30 October 2011). 2547:[Enigma below the Taš]. 2543:Zoran Nikolić (7 October 2002). 2108: 771:as the official religion of the 695:, or border. It became known as 654:, the grandson of the Caesarian 627:Gaius "Quintus" Scribonius Curio 400: 264: 84: 77: 49: 2635:(in Serbian). 9 September 1963. 1505:(Horseman's grave 16), rich in 1350:dedicated to the Greek goddess 827:First Council of Constantinople 411:needs additional citations for 63:, where the walls of the Roman 2649:Zorica Atić (26 August 2017). 2441:Encyclopedia of Serbian people 2418:Encyclopedia of Serbian people 2239:Taylor, William Cooke (1878). 1708: 1486:Pre-Roman artifacts, from the 1251: 1139:Slavic invasion of the Balkans 646:. It wasn't until the rule of 549:, with one group remaining in 294:Gallic invasion of the Balkans 224:Gallic invasion of the Balkans 1: 2644:(in Serbian). pp. 25–27. 2253:Skordisci: istorija i kultura 2013:Britannica, 2005 (Singidunum) 1528: 977:and used thermal springs for 856:Development of the settlement 2437:Енциклопедија српског народа 2414:Енциклопедија српског народа 2366:Radivoje Mikić, ed. (2006). 1935:Virtuelni muzej Dunava, 2012 1439:(room with the cold water), 1419:The northern section of the 1082:The neighboring mountain of 595: 500: 7: 2837:"Jovijanova ulica, Beograd" 2267:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1839:Politika, 24 September 2017 1516: 1403:, was located close to the 1365:National Museum in Belgrade 1285: 1256: 1213: 1104:National Museum in Belgrade 276:Prehistoric sites in Serbia 67:Singidunum were discovered. 10: 3145: 2871:Belgrade Fortress: History 2866:Ancient Worlds: Singidunum 2642:Politika-Magazin, No. 1037 2117: 2085:Politika, 14 November 2011 2037:Politika, 30 October 2017b 1986:Politika, 9 September 1963 1962:Politika, 30 October 2017a 1815:Politika, 21 February 2016 1577:Britannica, 2005 (Beograd) 1204:Maurice's Balkan campaigns 1136: 1053:Mutatio ad Sextum Militare 984: 599: 273: 18: 3114:Ancient history of Serbia 3067: 3053: 3039: 3025: 3008: 2985: 2962: 2939: 2762:(in Serbian). p. 15. 2753:(in Serbian). p. 13. 2740:(in Serbian). p. 12. 2718:(in Serbian). p. 15. 2679:(in Serbian). p. 07. 2677:Politika-Kulturni dodatak 2657:(in Serbian). p. 13. 2626:(in Serbian). p. 32. 2617:(in Serbian). p. 32. 2343:Milan Mišić, ed. (2005). 2317:Milan Mišić, ed. (2005). 2250:Todorović, Jovan (1974). 2073:Politika, 15 January 2018 2049:Politika, 4 November 2017 1851:Politika, 30 October 2011 1688:Politika, 8 November 2018 1565:Politika, 6 November 2018 1246:episcopatus Belogradensis 898:Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 847: 269: 197: 179: 171: 166: 156: 151: 140: 103: 72: 48: 35: 30: 3109:Ancient cities in Serbia 2498:Janković, Đorđe (2004). 2261:Whitby, Michael (1988). 2199:Levick, Barbara (1999). 1923:Politika, 26 August 2017 1911:Politika, 13 August 2017 1863:Politika, 4 January 2017 1498:'s head with tentacles. 566:, and is from Old Irish 19:For the university, see 2245:. D. Appleton & Co. 2224:. New York: Routledge. 2218:Mócsy, András (2014) . 1875:Politika, 15 April 2017 1827:Novosti, 7 October 2002 1412:numerous graves, grave 1409:National Bank of Serbia 1311:, Kosančićev Venac and 999:Roman tomb in Brestovik 652:Marcus Licinius Crassus 580: 574: 568: 391: 333: 2061:Politika, 21 July 2018 1803:Politika, 16 June 2009 1645:City of Belgrade, 2018 1273: 1242:First Bulgarian Empire 1159: 857: 707: 618: 562: 202: 2097:Politika, 27 May 2009 1974:Politika, 30 May 2011 1703:Politika, 18 May 2018 1317:King Alexander Bridge 1265:Remains of the Roman 1264: 1150:at the corner of the 1146: 1137:Further information: 1125:, in the vicinity of 855: 745:Knez Mihailova Street 705: 609: 600:Further information: 274:Further information: 240:Legio IV Flavia Felix 21:Singidunum University 2178:Given, John (2014). 767:, who reestablished 498:The name has Celtic 420:improve this article 3119:History of Belgrade 2791:on 31 December 2019 2545:"Enigma ispod Taša" 1482:Outer neighborhoods 1463:Kneza Miloša street 900:all the way to the 823:Nicene Christianity 783:, or Upper Moesia. 629:, the proconsul of 246:. It was sacked by 121: / 2292:Kazhdan, Alexander 1274: 1197:Byzantine emperor 1160: 1063:(Mali Mokri Lug). 858: 712:Legio VIII Augusta 708: 619: 535:Maeotian ethnicity 3081: 3080: 2954:Sremska Mitrovica 2600:(15 April 2017). 2481:978-86-7946-097-4 2450:978-86-17-15732-4 2427:978-86-17-15732-4 2025:B92, 13 July 2016 1714:Dumitru Protase: 1331:include a golden 1325:Claudius Gothicus 1271:Belgrade Fortress 1061:Mutatio ad Sextum 1048:was constructed. 1038:Legio VII Claudia 979:public bathhouses 729:Belgrade Fortress 673:Sremska Mitrovica 663:was Romanized to 496: 495: 488: 470: 329:Belgrade Fortress 214:. The name is of 210:, the capital of 187: 186: 61:Belgrade Fortress 3136: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2844: 2832: 2829:City of Belgrade 2820: 2812: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2780: 2763: 2754: 2741: 2728: 2719: 2706: 2693: 2680: 2671: 2658: 2645: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2593: 2580: 2567: 2554: 2550:Večernje Novosti 2539: 2526: 2511: 2485: 2454: 2431: 2408: 2385: 2362: 2339: 2313: 2278: 2257: 2246: 2235: 2214: 2195: 2174: 2150: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1736: 1730: 1721: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1691: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1648: 1642: 1617: 1611: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1553: 1547: 1459:Tri lista duvana 1405:Cathedral Church 1375:rather than the 1348:house of worship 1337:Migration Period 1148:Ruski car Tavern 1022:Castra Tricornia 890:Kosančićev Venac 842:Byzantine Empire 798:in 256. By 270, 777:Veliki Mokri Lug 617:from Singidunum. 611:Flavius Iovianus 590:*Senoguediodunum 583: 577: 571: 565: 505: 491: 484: 480: 477: 471: 469: 428: 404: 396: 336: 226:. Later on, the 205: 199: 152:Site information 136: 135: 133: 132: 131: 126: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 88: 87: 81: 53: 44: 28: 27: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3099:Moesia Superior 3084: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3063: 3049: 3035: 3021: 3004: 2981: 2972:Moesia Superior 2958: 2935: 2931:Major towns of 2929: 2852: 2847: 2811:. 13 July 2016. 2794: 2792: 2766: 2488: 2482: 2451: 2428: 2405: 2382: 2359: 2336: 2310: 2281: 2275: 2232: 2211: 2192: 2171: 2147: 2120: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2067: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2043: 2035: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2011: 2004: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1941: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1909: 1905: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1845: 1837: 1833: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1801: 1788: 1780: 1776: 1768: 1739: 1731: 1724: 1713: 1709: 1701: 1694: 1686: 1682: 1674: 1651: 1643: 1620: 1614:Stanković, 2008 1612: 1583: 1575: 1571: 1563: 1556: 1552:, p. 1904. 1548: 1535: 1531: 1519: 1484: 1361:Maximinus Thrax 1288: 1259: 1254: 1216: 1141: 1135: 1116:Medieval Serbia 1066:The top of the 987: 960:Cvetkova Pijaca 906:Kalemegdan Park 894:Republic Square 850: 781:Moesia Superior 706:Moesia Superior 604: 598: 547:Pannonian Basin 492: 481: 475: 472: 429: 427: 417: 405: 394: 339:La Tène culture 278: 272: 267: 250:in 441, and by 159:the public 158: 129: 127: 125:44.82°N 20.46°E 123: 120: 115: 112: 110: 108: 107: 99: 98: 97: 96: 95: 94: 93: 89: 68: 55:Probing of the 40: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3142: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3079: 3078: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3057:Aeadaba - now 3054: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3043:Hammeum - now 3040: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2851: 2850:External links 2848: 2846: 2845: 2833: 2827:(in Serbian). 2821: 2813: 2801: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2764: 2755: 2742: 2729: 2720: 2707: 2694: 2681: 2672: 2659: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2594: 2581: 2568: 2555: 2540: 2527: 2512: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2455: 2449: 2432: 2426: 2409: 2403: 2386: 2380: 2363: 2357: 2340: 2334: 2322:, књига 1, А-Б 2314: 2308: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2258: 2247: 2236: 2230: 2215: 2210:978-0415338660 2209: 2196: 2190: 2175: 2169: 2151: 2145: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2113: 2101: 2089: 2077: 2065: 2053: 2041: 2029: 2017: 2002: 1990: 1978: 1966: 1954: 1950:Avala Mountain 1939: 1927: 1915: 1903: 1891: 1879: 1867: 1855: 1843: 1831: 1819: 1807: 1786: 1774: 1737: 1722: 1707: 1692: 1680: 1649: 1618: 1581: 1569: 1554: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1518: 1515: 1483: 1480: 1425:Studentski Trg 1287: 1284: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1238:Boris I Mihail 1230:Pope John VIII 1215: 1212: 1156:Obilićev Venac 1152:Knez Mihailova 1134: 1131: 986: 983: 925:Constantinople 902:Mali Mokri Lug 870:, bordered by 849: 846: 597: 594: 541:river and the 494: 493: 408: 406: 399: 393: 390: 271: 268: 266: 263: 236:Danubian Limes 228:Roman Republic 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 173: 169: 168: 164: 163: 160: 154: 153: 149: 148: 142: 138: 137: 105: 101: 100: 91: 90: 83: 82: 76: 75: 74: 73: 70: 69: 54: 46: 45: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3141: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2984: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2961: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2914: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2705:(in Serbian). 2704: 2700: 2695: 2692:(in Serbian). 2691: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2670:(in Serbian). 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2608:(in Serbian). 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2592:(in Serbian). 2591: 2587: 2582: 2579:(in Serbian). 2578: 2574: 2569: 2566:(in Serbian). 2565: 2561: 2556: 2553:(in Serbian). 2552: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2538:(in Serbian). 2537: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2490: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468:Matica Srpska 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2404:86-07-00001-2 2400: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2381:86-331-2732-6 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2358:86-331-2119-0 2354: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2335:86-331-2075-5 2331: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2315: 2311: 2309:9780195046526 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2288: 2284:Encyclopedias 2283: 2282: 2276: 2274:9780198229452 2270: 2266: 2265: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2233: 2231:9781317754251 2227: 2223: 2222: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2203:. 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20.46 25: 2841:Google Maps 1899:Levick 1999 1887:Taylor 1878 1782:Google Maps 1469:, there is 1437:frigidarium 1433:boiler room 1429:furnace oil 1373:Ionic order 1329:Interbellum 1252:Archaeology 1199:Justinian I 1123:Zemun Polje 819:Secundianus 346:Autokomanda 175:1st century 128: / 104:Coordinates 3088:Categories 3013:Singidunum 2967:Viminacium 2785:"Pektoral" 1529:References 1503:necropolis 1356:architrave 1333:polyhedron 1301:terracotta 1176:Sarmatians 1168:Ostrogoths 975:grapevines 941:sarcophagi 929:Viminacium 825:until the 760:municipium 677:Viminacium 665:Singidunum 635:Dardanians 586:Singidunum 446:newspapers 238:and Roman 203:Singidunum 198:Сингидунум 190:Singidunum 92:Singidunum 31:Singidunum 3071:See also: 3045:Prokuplje 2949:Illyricum 2201:Vespasian 1507:artefacts 1492:Batajnica 1445:caldarium 1441:laconicum 1297:rushlight 1234:Bulgarian 1112:Guberevac 1032:tribe of 995:Brestovik 956:Mokri Lug 910:Tašmajdan 749:via cardo 716:Legio IV 631:Macedonia 596:Roman era 569:sen-guidi 563:sean-ghuí 533:tribe of 526:Herodotus 476:July 2024 314:Karaburma 298:Scordisci 290:Cimmerian 220:Scordisci 180:Materials 3017:Belgrade 2998:) - now 2995:Dardania 2977:Kostolac 2975:) - now 2952:) - now 2760:Politika 2751:Politika 2738:Politika 2725:Politika 2716:Politika 2703:Politika 2690:Politika 2668:Politika 2655:Politika 2633:Politika 2624:Politika 2615:Politika 2606:Politika 2590:Politika 2577:Politika 2564:Politika 2536:Politika 2522:Politika 2510:: 39–61. 2491:Journals 2294:(1991). 2157:(2006). 2133:(2001). 1517:See also 1321:Aurelian 1286:Downtown 1257:Overview 1214:Belgrade 1055:(modern 1003:Macrinus 968:Terazije 952:Kumodraž 948:aqueduct 937:arsenals 829:in 381. 815:Ursacius 811:Arianism 800:Aurelian 737:Bersobis 681:Kostolac 679:(modern 671:(modern 661:Singidun 656:Triumvir 648:Octavian 623:Singidun 543:Azov Sea 531:Scythian 370:Mislođin 366:Boljevci 358:Ada Huja 350:Bežanija 325:Terazije 286:Thracian 282:Scythian 208:Belgrade 57:medieval 38:Belgrade 3031:Kladovo 2990:Naissus 2944:Sirmium 2843:. 2018. 2831:. 2018. 2795:3 March 2466:]. 2118:Sources 1496:griffin 1401:Nemesis 1397:Jupiter 1393:Mithras 1267:castrum 1236:prince 1222:Beograd 1188:Herules 1108:Stojnik 1026:Thracio 1018:Ritopek 985:Suburbs 873:thermae 755:Hadrian 741:castrum 724:castrum 669:Sirmium 650:, when 639:Dacians 581:guedyo- 502:dūn(on) 460:scholar 386:Ritopek 334:opidums 194:Serbian 147:, mixed 116:20°28′E 113:44°49′N 65:castrum 3094:Moesia 3015:- now 2598:Tanjug 2478: 2447: 2424: 2401: 2378: 2355: 2332: 2306: 2271: 2228: 2207: 2188: 2167: 2143: 1456:kafana 1414:steles 1352:Hecate 1344:Dorćol 1172:Gepids 1092:silver 1084:Kosmaj 1073:Ripanj 1059:) and 1057:Grocka 1030:Celtic 933:forges 886:Danube 848:Layout 792:Trajan 765:Jovian 675:) and 644:Moesia 512:circle 508:singi- 462: 455: 448: 441: 433: 382:Progar 374:Jakovo 302:Danube 270:Origin 244:Jovian 232:Moesia 216:Celtic 212:Serbia 42:Serbia 2462:[ 2439:[ 2416:[ 2393:[ 2370:[ 2347:[ 2324:[ 2123:Books 1511:dunum 1423:, on 1385:gable 1369:Diana 1192:limes 1184:Slavs 1180:Avars 1077:Žrnov 1068:Avala 1014:Latin 1007:Boleč 867:forum 862:forum 834:Goths 804:limes 796:Goths 788:Dacia 692:limes 575:guidi 558:Irish 539:Kuban 520:seang 467:JSTOR 453:books 378:Barič 362:Zemun 256:Slavs 252:Avars 183:Stone 172:Built 2797:2018 2476:ISBN 2445:ISBN 2422:ISBN 2399:ISBN 2376:ISBN 2353:ISBN 2330:ISBN 2304:ISBN 2269:ISBN 2226:ISBN 2205:ISBN 2186:ISBN 2165:ISBN 2141:ISBN 2109:ULBS 1399:and 1346:, a 1323:and 1293:Gaul 1186:and 1164:Huns 1154:and 1110:and 1100:lead 1098:and 1096:iron 1088:Babe 935:and 884:and 882:Sava 817:and 516:seng 439:news 392:Name 384:and 356:and 316:and 306:Sava 304:and 284:and 280:The 254:and 248:Huns 141:Type 3000:Niš 2809:B92 2769:Web 1232:to 1208:Niš 844:). 751:). 422:by 162:Yes 3090:: 2839:. 2508:20 2506:. 2502:. 2470:, 2298:. 2005:^ 1942:^ 1789:^ 1740:^ 1725:^ 1695:^ 1652:^ 1621:^ 1584:^ 1557:^ 1536:^ 1513:. 1182:, 1178:, 1174:, 1170:, 1166:, 1118:. 1094:, 1079:. 981:. 699:. 637:, 613:, 592:. 572:, 388:. 380:, 376:, 372:, 368:, 360:. 352:, 348:, 341:. 200:, 196:: 2924:e 2917:t 2910:v 2799:. 2484:. 2453:. 2430:. 2407:. 2384:. 2361:. 2338:. 2312:. 2277:. 2234:. 2213:. 2194:. 2173:. 2149:. 2111:. 2099:. 2087:. 2075:. 2063:. 2051:. 2039:. 2027:. 2015:. 2000:. 1988:. 1976:. 1964:. 1952:. 1937:. 1925:. 1913:. 1901:. 1889:. 1877:. 1865:. 1853:. 1841:. 1829:. 1817:. 1805:. 1784:. 1772:. 1735:. 1705:. 1690:. 1678:. 1647:. 1616:. 1579:. 1567:. 1028:- 489:) 483:( 478:) 474:( 464:· 457:· 450:· 443:· 416:. 288:- 192:( 23:.

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